CN102269534B - 一种旋流式热导管 - Google Patents
一种旋流式热导管 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102269534B CN102269534B CN2011102084722A CN201110208472A CN102269534B CN 102269534 B CN102269534 B CN 102269534B CN 2011102084722 A CN2011102084722 A CN 2011102084722A CN 201110208472 A CN201110208472 A CN 201110208472A CN 102269534 B CN102269534 B CN 102269534B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- pipe
- return pipe
- flow
- condenser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N5/00—Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
- G06N5/02—Knowledge representation; Symbolic representation
- G06N5/022—Knowledge engineering; Knowledge acquisition
- G06N5/025—Extracting rules from data
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011102084722A CN102269534B (zh) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | 一种旋流式热导管 |
US13/991,942 US9508041B2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2011-09-20 | Method for predicting user operation and mobile terminal |
US13/885,212 US20140123643A1 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2012-07-14 | Equipment and method to generate electricity by drawing high temperature geothermal |
PCT/CN2012/078666 WO2013013582A1 (zh) | 2011-07-25 | 2012-07-14 | 一种汲取高温地热进行发电的装置和方法 |
PCT/CN2012/080392 WO2013013645A1 (zh) | 2011-07-25 | 2012-08-21 | 高分子材料注塑过程的超声监控系统 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011102084722A CN102269534B (zh) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | 一种旋流式热导管 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102269534A CN102269534A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
CN102269534B true CN102269534B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
Family
ID=45051907
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011102084722A Expired - Fee Related CN102269534B (zh) | 2011-07-18 | 2011-07-25 | 一种旋流式热导管 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9508041B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102269534B (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2013013582A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111979966A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 山东省交通规划设计院有限公司 | 一种插拔式道路融冰雪热管及施工方法 |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102269534B (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-11-28 | 天津空中代码工程应用软件开发有限公司 | 一种旋流式热导管 |
WO2014029071A1 (zh) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-02-27 | Lu Ming | 车辆用郎肯发电机 |
WO2014079054A1 (zh) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Lu Ming | 一种基于热导管的高温地热发电的装置 |
CN104964593A (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-07 | 哈尔滨精方电力设备科技有限公司 | 一种高效转流冷却管及其制作工艺 |
CN106874092A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-20 | 深圳市笨笨机器人有限公司 | 机器人任务托管方法及系统 |
CN109609739B (zh) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-10-30 | 海安玻克超硬材料有限公司 | 一种回流式淬火结构 |
EP3919850A1 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-08 | ABB Schweiz AG | Loop heat pipe for low voltage drives |
US11255315B1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-02-22 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Controller for controlling generation of geothermal power in an organic Rankine cycle operation during hydrocarbon production |
US11480074B1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-10-25 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source |
US11486370B2 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-11-01 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Modular mobile heat generation unit for generation of geothermal power in organic Rankine cycle operations |
US11359576B1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-06-14 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods utilizing gas temperature as a power source |
US11592009B2 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2023-02-28 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig |
US11293414B1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-04-05 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods for generation of electrical power in an organic rankine cycle operation |
US11493029B2 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-11-08 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig |
US11644015B2 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2023-05-09 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig |
US11421663B1 (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2022-08-23 | Ice Thermal Harvesting, Llc | Systems and methods for generation of electrical power in an organic Rankine cycle operation |
CN113715284B (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-11-08 | 中南大学 | 微尺度矩形狭缝的聚合物粘度在线检测系统及检测方法 |
TWI799971B (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-04-21 | 已成先進材料股份有限公司 | 非破壞性檢測系統及其檢測方法 |
CN114345673B (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-05-30 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 超声换能器及其制作方法、以及超声换能系统 |
CN118385466B (zh) * | 2024-06-28 | 2024-10-29 | 蓬莱三和铸造有限公司 | 一种汽车轻量化悬挂支架的铸造装置 |
Family Cites Families (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3470943A (en) * | 1967-04-21 | 1969-10-07 | Allen T Van Huisen | Geothermal exchange system |
US4094356A (en) * | 1977-01-06 | 1978-06-13 | Whewell Frank Ash | Geothermal heat recovery system |
US4290266A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-09-22 | Twite Terrance M | Electrical power generating system |
US4566532A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1986-01-28 | Megatech Corporation | Geothermal heat transfer |
US4392531A (en) * | 1981-10-09 | 1983-07-12 | Ippolito Joe J | Earth storage structural energy system and process for constructing a thermal storage well |
JPS60247511A (ja) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-07 | Mitsukazu Hori | 金型内のプラスチツクの検出法 |
GB2160306B (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1987-12-09 | Total Energy Conservation And | Method of geothermal energy recovery |
JPH04335991A (ja) * | 1991-05-13 | 1992-11-24 | Toshiba Corp | ループ型ヒートパイプ |
US5143150A (en) * | 1992-02-10 | 1992-09-01 | Johnston James M | Geothermal heat converter |
US5275232A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-01-04 | Sandia National Laboratories | Dual manifold heat pipe evaporator |
US5860279A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1999-01-19 | Bronicki; Lucien Y. | Method and apparatus for cooling hot fluids |
US6601048B1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2003-07-29 | Mci Communications Corporation | System and method for detecting and managing fraud |
GB2321364A (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-22 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Retraining neural network |
US8938688B2 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 2015-01-20 | Nuance Communications, Inc. | Contextual prediction of user words and user actions |
CZ20031092A3 (cs) * | 2000-10-20 | 2004-03-17 | Hita Ag | Způsob výměny energie a systém k provádění tohoto způsobu |
JP2003120513A (ja) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 地熱発電装置 |
JP2005517894A (ja) * | 2002-02-25 | 2005-06-16 | マクギル ユニヴァーシティ | ヒートパイプ |
DE60301534T2 (de) | 2002-10-09 | 2006-07-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für das Vorausahnen des Dienstablaufs |
JP4304576B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-12 | 2009-07-29 | ソニー株式会社 | 熱輸送装置及び電子機器 |
US8990688B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2015-03-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Proactive user interface including evolving agent |
US7158991B2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2007-01-02 | Veritas Operating Corporation | System and method for maintaining temporal data in data storage |
CN1697170A (zh) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-16 | 王训忠 | 二相散热装置的传输流道 |
DE202004009353U1 (de) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-12-23 | Great Univer Technology Co., Ltd. | Wärmeableitvorrichtung |
CN1307398C (zh) * | 2004-09-09 | 2007-03-28 | 明基电通股份有限公司 | 半回路式热管结构 |
CN100489433C (zh) * | 2004-12-17 | 2009-05-20 | 尹学军 | 自然冷能的热管装置及其应用 |
US7347059B2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2008-03-25 | Kelix Heat Transfer Systems, Llc | Coaxial-flow heat transfer system employing a coaxial-flow heat transfer structure having a helically-arranged fin structure disposed along an outer flow channel for constantly rotating an aqueous-based heat transfer fluid flowing therewithin so as to improve heat transfer with geological environments |
CN2847536Y (zh) * | 2005-12-02 | 2006-12-13 | 王伟 | 超声清洗用平板式压电振子 |
US9978466B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2018-05-22 | Nikola Lakic | Self-contained in-ground geothermal generator and heat exchanger with in-line pump |
CN101139976A (zh) * | 2007-10-10 | 2008-03-12 | 张慧书 | 利用地热能发电的方法及装置 |
JP2011517494A (ja) | 2008-03-19 | 2011-06-09 | アップルシード ネットワークス インコーポレイテッド | 行動パターンを検出する方法及び装置 |
US7781780B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2010-08-24 | Bridgelux, Inc. | Light emitting diodes with smooth surface for reflective electrode |
KR101555365B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-27 | 2015-09-23 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 전자기기의 냉각장치 |
US20110183422A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2011-07-28 | Reosense Ab | Measurement of curing |
US8805861B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2014-08-12 | Google Inc. | Methods and systems to train models to extract and integrate information from data sources |
US8731724B2 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2014-05-20 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Automated fault detection and diagnostics in a building management system |
US8631871B2 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2014-01-21 | Innovative Steam Technologies Inc. | System and method for enhanced oil recovery with a once-through steam generator |
US8972878B2 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2015-03-03 | Avaya Inc. | Screen icon manipulation by context and frequency of Use |
KR101216112B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-12-27 | 이명숙 | 저온 지열 발전 장치 및 방법 |
KR20130127426A (ko) * | 2010-07-14 | 2013-11-22 | 브라이트 에너지 스토리지 테크놀로지스, 엘엘피 | 열 에너지를 저장하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
US8650875B2 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2014-02-18 | Dwpna, Llc | Direct exchange geothermal refrigerant power advanced generating system |
JP2014500420A (ja) * | 2010-12-10 | 2014-01-09 | グローバル カーボン ソリューションズ インコーポレイテッド | パッシブ熱抽出および発電 |
CN102269534B (zh) * | 2011-07-25 | 2012-11-28 | 天津空中代码工程应用软件开发有限公司 | 一种旋流式热导管 |
CN102407595B (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | 浙江大学 | 用于注塑工艺的聚合物结晶度在线测量方法及装置 |
CN202318849U (zh) * | 2011-10-08 | 2012-07-11 | 天津空中代码工程应用软件开发有限公司 | 高分子材料注塑过程的超声监控系统 |
US20130087306A1 (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-04-11 | Bernard Meredith Winn, JR. | Forced Insertion Concentric Ground-Coupled Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pumps |
MX2014012981A (es) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-05-07 | William Riley | Sistema y métodos de energía geotérmica e hidropotencia. |
KR101239773B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-03-06 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 작동가스와 용융염의 열 교환을 이용한 지열 발전 시스템 및 방법 |
-
2011
- 2011-07-25 CN CN2011102084722A patent/CN102269534B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-20 US US13/991,942 patent/US9508041B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-07-14 WO PCT/CN2012/078666 patent/WO2013013582A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2012-07-14 US US13/885,212 patent/US20140123643A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-21 WO PCT/CN2012/080392 patent/WO2013013645A1/zh active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111979966A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 山东省交通规划设计院有限公司 | 一种插拔式道路融冰雪热管及施工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102269534A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
US20140123643A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US9508041B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
WO2013013582A1 (zh) | 2013-01-31 |
US20140129501A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
WO2013013645A1 (zh) | 2013-01-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102269534B (zh) | 一种旋流式热导管 | |
Mantelli | Thermosyphons and heat pipes: theory and applications | |
JP2014500420A (ja) | パッシブ熱抽出および発電 | |
CN205090847U (zh) | 一种开采地热用的重力热管及换热装置 | |
CN105180693A (zh) | 一种热管及工作液体在热管中的循环方法 | |
US9841214B2 (en) | Passive organic working fluid ejector refrigeration method | |
Zhang | Innovative heat pipe systems using a new working fluid | |
Ma et al. | In-situ phase separation to improve phase change heat transfer performance | |
Wang et al. | Heat transfer characteristics of carbon steel spirally fluted tube for high pressure preheaters | |
Liu et al. | Investigation of a loop heat pipe to achieve high heat flux by incorporating flow boiling | |
US4224925A (en) | Heating system | |
Pachghare et al. | Effect of working fluid on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe: A review | |
Mirshahi et al. | Experimental study on the effect of heat loads, fill ratio and extra volume on performance of a partial-vacuumed thermosyphon | |
CN203488233U (zh) | 汲取汽车发动机排气高温进行发电的微型装置 | |
Vasiliev et al. | Heat pipes in fuel cell technology | |
EP2189731A1 (en) | Geothermal probe | |
US20120267066A1 (en) | Heat pipe, heat pipe system, and related method for long distance | |
CN202746123U (zh) | 一种汲取高温地热进行发电的装置 | |
CN101726204B (zh) | 热导管 | |
Rao et al. | Heat pipes for steam condensation | |
Pumaneratkul et al. | Optimum study on primary design of geothermal heat pipe with CO2 based Rankine cycle | |
CN207963582U (zh) | 一种可变导热的热虹吸管 | |
Suparman et al. | Experiment on Novel Design of Tapered Shape Heat Pipe | |
WO2014079054A1 (zh) | 一种基于热导管的高温地热发电的装置 | |
CN111207618B (zh) | 一种内插仿生强化锥沸腾强化换热管 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: LU MING Free format text: FORMER OWNER: TIANJIN AEROCODE ENGINEERING APPLICATION SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT INC. Effective date: 20130111 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20130111 Address after: 300384 Tianjin city Alex Hua Tian Huayuan Industrial Zone Road, No. 2 Torch Hotel Auxiliary Building Room 302 Patentee after: Lu Ming Address before: 300384 Tianjin city Alex Hua Tian Huayuan Industrial Zone Road, No. 2 Torch Hotel Auxiliary Building Room 302 Patentee before: Tianjin Aerocode Engineering Application Software Development Inc. |
|
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: TIANJIN AIAO LUSI AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LU MING Effective date: 20131209 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 300384 NANKAI, TIANJIN TO: 300308 BINHAI NEW ZONE, TIANJIN CITY |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20131209 Address after: 300308 645P12, air support centre, 1 airways airways, Tianjin Airport Economic Zone Patentee after: TIANJIN AIAOLUSI AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 300384 Tianjin city Alex Hua Tian Huayuan Industrial Zone Road, No. 2 Torch Hotel Auxiliary Building Room 302 Patentee before: Lu Ming |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20121128 Termination date: 20140725 |
|
EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |