CN102171073B - 具有制动系统的车辆 - Google Patents
具有制动系统的车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有制动系统的车辆,车辆制动系统具有第一制动装置(10),其用制动踏板直接作用到制动单元上,还具有能够电气地触发的第二制动装置(11)。当车辆系统参数(v,s1)不超过所配设的极限值时,在制动操纵中仅加载第一制动装置(10)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有制动系统的车辆。
背景技术
配设由内燃机和电动马达构成的混合动力驱动装置的车辆中的制动系统通常在车桥上具有制动装置,其用制动踏板机械地作用于制动单元,而在其它车轴上则布置有能电子触发的所谓的线控制动装置(by-wire-Bremseinrichtung),它单独通过调节或控制器的调整信号进行调整。电气驱动马达通常在带能电子触发的制动装置的车桥上作用,它是混合动力驱动装置的一部分。若制动车辆,则电动马达为了回收制动能量而转为发电机运行,在该运行状态下,电动马达的所产生的电流用于给配属于电动马达的电池充电。在生成由驾驶员预先规定的额定制动力矩时,必须考虑到在此产生的附加的制动力矩。发电机运行产生的制动力矩与电动马达在其上作用的车桥上的制动力矩的叠合或蒙盖(Verblendung)的前提在于,用能电子触发的制动装置上的相应的压力供应进行激活,这伴随着在该制动器上出现相应的构件负荷。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,改进车辆制动系统的工作持续时间或稳固性,该车辆制动系统包括用制动踏板机械作用的第一制动装置,此外还包括第二制动装置,其中,第二制动装置可以设计成线控制动装置。
该技术问题通过按照本发明的具有制动系统的车辆得到解决。在根据本发明的具有制动系统的车辆中,所述制动系统具有至少一个第一制动装置和至少一个第二制动装置,第一制动装置用制动踏板直接作用到第一制动装置的制动单元上,其中,在车辆系统参数不超过所配设的极限值并且存在制动操纵的情况下,仅加载能直接操纵的第一制动装置并且第二制动装置保持不被操纵,其中,第二制动装置和能够直接操纵的第一制动装置在不同的车桥上作用,其特征在于,车辆配设有混合动力驱动装置,该混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机和电动马达,其中,电动马达在与第二制动装置所作用的同一车桥上作用,其中,当车辆调节系统激活时和/或当车轮上的滑动达到极限值时和/或当在限定的时间间隔内发生从加速踏板到制动踏板的操纵转换时,第二制动装置附加地开始运行。
按照本发明的方法用于在车辆中运行制动系统,其中,制动系统具有至少一个第一制动装置和完全或部分独立的第二制动装置,并且第一制动装置在传统的机械液压操纵的意义上具有对第一制动装置的制动单元的、以制动踏板进行的直接的机械作用,第二制动装置则优选能够电子地触发,亦即设计成线控制动器。能电子触发的制动装置的制动单元经由调整信号进行调节,这些调整信号在调节或控制器中生成为驾驶员的当前要求或车辆调节系统以及瞬间车辆状况和环境条件的函数。因为这种制动装置的设计就制动操纵的数量而言,在耗费和重量上都有高度影响,所以在按照本发明的方法在限定的工况下运行时,在对车辆制动系统的制动力矩要求下,仅加载能直接经由制动踏板操纵的第一制动装置,反之,优选能够电子触发的第二制动装置则保持不被操纵。以此方式减少对第二制动装置的制动操纵数量,因而提高使用寿命或能够在耗费和重量(更小的结构尺寸)上实现更佳的解决方案。反之,对第一制动装置的制动踏板的机械作用在制动操纵的数量上则不受任何限制,因此从第二制动装置的制动操纵转移到具有机械作用的第一制动装置总体上不会带来不良影响。
仅操纵一个制动装置并且不操纵优选能电子触发的第二制动装置的触发策略仅在车辆系统参数没有超过所配设的极限值的情况下才予以考虑。车辆系统参数尤其指的是车辆状态参数,优选指的是车辆速度,其处于安全考虑处在例如5 km/h或10 km/h的下限值之下,尤其是在停车时,因此能触发的制动装置在制动过程中也保持不被操纵,仅伴随制动踏板的机械作用操纵第一制动装置。基于低速时车辆较小的动能,在取消操纵优选能够电子触发的第二制动装置的情况下,可以不影响行驶安全地实施制动过程。
此外,还可以列出另外一些条件,它们应当作为替代方案并且尤其也可以作为累加方案存在,因而实施仅激活第一制动装置的制动过程。在此,可以尤其考虑到至少一个车轮上的车轮滑动,其中,仅在车轮滑动没有低于所配设的极限值时才考虑按照本发明的激活策略。此外,也可以考虑诸如规定的车辆参数的车辆特性曲线,例如车辆的负载状况,其中,仅当负载状况尤其在爬坡时低于极限值时才实施按本发明的制动策略。
此外,考虑一个或多个车辆调节系统的激活状况。若例如电子稳定程序(ESP)、防抱死系统(ABS)或牵引力控制系统(TCS)是激活的,则通常出于安全原因,将制动过程导入车辆的所有车轮,亦即也激活优选能电子触发的第二制动装置。反之,仅当车辆调节系统不再作用时,才相宜地考虑按本发明的制动策略。
制动策略的激活既可以在通过驾驶员手动制动操纵时,也可以在车辆调节系统自动生成的制动操纵时进行实施,只要激活按本发明的制动策略的所有条件都得到满足。
当其中一个激活条件不再得到满足时,考虑结束按本发明的制动策略。所以例如可以在制动过程中伴随着仅激活第一制动装置的是,车辆速度超过极限速度或在一个或多个车轮上出现不允许的高的车轮滑动或车辆调节系统是激活的。在这些情况下,中断按照本发明的制动策略并且返回常规制动过程,在常规制动过程中,两个制动装置都是激活的且生成制动力矩。
按照本发明的方法优选使用在带包括内燃机以及电气驱动马达的混合动力驱动装置的车辆中。电动的驱动装置例如作用在车辆的后桥上,优选能电子触发的制动装置也布置在后桥上,反之,用制动踏板机械作用的制动装置则作用在前桥的车轮上。在制动运行时,电气驱动马达为了回收制动能量而切换成发电机运行,此时产生供应给电动马达电池的电流。在此,电动马达产生附加的制动力矩,其与由车辆制动系统产生的制动力矩叠加。总制动力矩由汽车中电动马达的制动力矩以及制动系统的制动力矩组成。在按本发明的制动策略中,作用在后桥上的、优选能电子触发的制动装置保持不被操纵,在所述车桥上更确切地说只作用电动马达的制动力矩。在前桥上,第一制动装置是激活的并产生制动力矩。
作为能电子触发的制动装置,可以使用例如电子液压式制动器或能电动操纵的制动器。
附图说明
其它的优点和相宜的设计在附图说明书和附图中得出。附图中:
图1示意性示出了汽车,其带有由内燃机和电动马达构成的混合动力驱动装置、在前桥上的第一制动装置和在后桥上的能电子触发的第二制动装置,
图2是实施用于运行制动系统的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的汽车1配设有由活塞式内燃机2和电动马达3构成的混合动力驱动装置。内燃机2驱动前桥6上的前轮4、5,或驱动后桥9上的后轮7、8,或者驱动车辆的所有车轮。电动马达3作为混合动力驱动装置的组成部分安装在后桥上并且驱动后桥车轮7和8。
此外,汽车1在前桥6和后桥9上配设有两个就其效果或触发而言分开的制动装置10和11,其中前部的第一制动装置10设计为,通过有待驾驶员操纵的制动踏板向前部的制动装置的制动单元施加直接的机械的作用,反之,后部的第二制动装置11则设计成能电子触发的线控式制动器。前部的制动装置10例如涉及能够液压操纵的制动器,后部的制动装置11则涉及电子液压式制动器或电动制动器。后部的制动装置11的供能可以在必要时独立于前部的制动装置10的供能进行。
内燃机的总的机组,亦即无论是发动机驱动装置,还是制动装置以及必要时汽车内其它的装置,都经由调节或控制器12的调整信号进行调整。此外,在调节或控制器12中处理车辆自带传感装置13的传感器信号。
图2是实施省去构件的制动过程的流程图,在该流程图中,在规定的行驶状况下,仅操纵图1中示出的前部的制动装置10,但不操纵后部的制动装置11。
按照方法步骤V1,首先询问车辆是否处于制动状态,其中,既检测驾驶员通过操纵制动踏板触发制动请求的行驶状况,又检测经由车辆调节系统,例如电子稳定程序(ESP)的信号实施自动的制动操纵的行驶状况。在方法步骤V1中,象征性地借助代表制动系统当前制动状态的逻辑变量bs询问制动操纵。若操纵汽车内的制动系统,则变量bs表示值“真”;反之,逻辑变量bs就表示值“假”。
若存在对车辆制动器的操纵或相应的操纵车辆制动器的要求,则逻辑变量bs表示值“真”,且完成在方法步骤V1中的询问。在这种情况下,跟随“是”-分支(“Y”)的是继续到下一个方法步骤V2。反之,就不存在操纵车辆制动器的要求,并且跟随“否”-分支(“N”)的是又回到第一个方法步骤V1的开头,紧接着隔周期性的一个时间就重新实施询问。
在接下来的方法步骤V2中,可以询问至少一个,优选多个不同的条件,它们应当优选累加地满足,因此实施按照本发明的节省构件的制动过程。这些条件一方面包括有关车速v的询问,另一方面则包括对车轮滑动sl的询问。只有当车速v低于车辆极限速度vLim以及此外车轮滑动sl同样低于所配设的极限值sl,Lim时,跟随“是”-分支的是,接下来继续方法步骤V4,按照该方法步骤导入或实施按本发明的节省构件的制动过程。若仅有所述条件之一没有被满足,则跟随“否”-分支的是接下来继续方法步骤V3,按照该方法步骤实施既操纵前部的制动装置又操纵后部的制动装置的常规制动过程,在方法步骤V3中操纵前部的制动装置被称为BF,操纵后部的制动装置被称为BR。在方法步骤V3中,这用概念“激活的”表示。
若反之,在方法步骤V2中列出的条件被累加地满足,那么跟随“是”-分支的是可以继续方法步骤V4,它被作为方法步骤V3的备选实施。在这种情况下,车辆处于稳定状态,车辆速度在稳定状态下小于例如为5 km/h或10 km/h的极限速度s1,Lim以及不出现或仅出现小幅车轮滑动。作为另一个条件可以在方法步骤V2中列出,不应有车辆调节系统主动干涉行驶事件。
在方法步骤V4中,在所提到的条件下激活前部的制动装置BF,而后部的制动装置BR则被去激活或根本不运行。因此仅通过操纵前部的制动器和必要时通过在混合动力驱动时经由用作发电机的电气驱动马达产生的制动力矩,就可以进行制动过程。后部的制动器则不激活,因此在该制动器上也不必维持制动压力。
隔周期性的一个时间后,所有的流程都被重新运行,并且一方面重新检验制动过程是否被继续保持(方法步骤V1),另一方面又重新检验,是否仍然存在或重新存在用前部的制动器BF(方法步骤2)的唯一的制动加载进行非对称制动操纵的条件。
Claims (12)
1.具有制动系统的车辆,所述制动系统具有至少一个第一制动装置(10)和至少一个第二制动装置(11),第一制动装置(10)用制动踏板直接作用到第一制动装置(10)的制动单元上,其中,在车辆系统参数(v,sl)不超过所配设的极限值(vLim,s1,Lim)并且存在制动操纵(bs)的情况下,仅加载能直接操纵的第一制动装置(10)并且第二制动装置(11)保持不被操纵,其中,第二制动装置(11)和能够直接操纵的第一制动装置(10)在不同的车桥上作用,其特征在于,车辆配设有混合动力驱动装置,该混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机和电动马达(3),其中,电动马达(3)在与第二制动装置(11)所作用的同一车桥上作用,其中,当车辆调节系统激活时和/或当车轮上的滑动(sl)达到极限值(sl,Lim)时和/或当在限定的时间间隔内发生从加速踏板到制动踏板的操纵转换时,第二制动装置(11)附加地开始运行。
2.按权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,第一制动装置(10)作用在前桥(6)上以及第二制动装置作用在后桥(9)上。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的车辆,其特征在于,第二制动装置(11)设计成能够电子触发的制动器。
4.按权利要求3所述的车辆,其特征在于,能够电子触发的第二制动装置(11)设计成电动的,并且具有经由电动马达进行操纵的制动单元。
5.按权利要求3所述的车辆,其特征在于,能电子触发的第二制动装置(11)被设计成液压式制动器。
6.按权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,车辆系统参数是车辆速度(v),其不应超过车辆极限速度(vLim)。
7.按权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,在自动的堵车排队行驶时实施仅对第一制动装置(10)的操纵。
8.按照权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,仅在前进行驶时实施仅对第一制动装置(10)的操纵。
9.按权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,在前进行驶时以及在倒退行驶时实施仅对第一制动装置(10)的操纵。
10.权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,只有当负载状况处于极限值之下时才实施仅对第一制动装置(10)的操纵。
11.权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,只有当车行道的坡度在极限值之下时才实施仅对第一制动装置(10)的操纵。
12.权利要求5所述的车辆,其特征在于,能电子触发的第二制动装置(11)被设计成电子液压式制动器。
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CN107097767B (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2021-10-15 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于提供机动车制动减速的方法和装置 |
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