CN102179494B - Continuous casting method and device for aluminum alloy compounded ingot - Google Patents
Continuous casting method and device for aluminum alloy compounded ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN102179494B CN102179494B CN 201110100831 CN201110100831A CN102179494B CN 102179494 B CN102179494 B CN 102179494B CN 201110100831 CN201110100831 CN 201110100831 CN 201110100831 A CN201110100831 A CN 201110100831A CN 102179494 B CN102179494 B CN 102179494B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous casting method and a continuous casting method for an aluminum alloy compounded ingot and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting. The device comprises a split crystallizer, an alloy liquid distributor, a hot top plate and a dummy ingot; the upper part of the dummy ingot is fixedly connected with two baffle plates; the upper part of each baffle plate is connected with a cooling plate; and two cooling plates divide the interior of the split crystallizer into a core material melt cavity and a coating material melt cavity. The method comprises the following steps of: smelting, refining and standing two kinds of alloys to be compounded; introducing cooling water into a cooling plate water cavity and a water box and keeping the water flowing; leading the core material alloy liquid into the core material melt cavity; leading the coating material alloy liquid into the coating material melt cavity; and starting the aluminum alloy and casting. The device and the method can ensure that the coating material alloy liquid flow uniformly and has a stable liquid surface and uniform temperature, and can eliminate the triangular area with high cooling intensity, ensure that a supporting surface formed under the cooling plate has the uniform temperature along the horizontal direction of the cooling plate and ensure the comprehensive metallurgical combination of the compounded surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aluminium alloy casting technical field, particularly a kind of continuous cast method of aluminum alloy compounded ingot and device thereof.
Background technology
Conventional aluminium alloy is because performance is single, can not finely satisfy as the requirement of the multiple performance synthesis of the engineering aspects such as delivery vehicle, structure, electronics, so composite becomes the emphasis that new material is researched and developed.Laminar composite is because cost is low, combination property is high, it is most widely used general, composite that output is maximum, wherein compound aluminium product has high strength, simultaneously have both again anti-corrosion (decoration), can weld, the easy combination property such as shaping, be the fastest composite of growth rate, composite board band then is the maximum composite of present consumption.
The main production method of composite board band can be divided into three classes: a class is the solid phase composite algorithm, comprise compound, the cold rolling compound and composite algorithm etc. of exploding of hot rolling, Equations of The Second Kind is the liquid-solid composite method, comprise casting method, reverse solidification method, casting and roll process and method for brazing etc., the 3rd class is liquid composite algorithm, such as continuous casting process, Continuous Casting with Dual Crystallizer method, and core-filled and continuously casted method etc.The production technology of traditional clad aluminium band is rolling compound, with two or more aluminium alloys in founding, homogenizing, be rolled into slab after, surface treatment, at high temperature, create more new surface by heavy reduction rate and realize compoundly, the major defect of this complex method is: (1) since surface film oxide can not all remove, so the compound interface place has oxide-film, the point that seam is not gone up can the defectives such as bubble occur in the strip surface after the annealing; (2) for making material comprehensively compound, common rolling first road will adopt large rolling deformation rate, so easily cause compound interface not straight, produces bending, the defectives such as wave; (3) this method compound need core and table material all want founding, homogenising, rolling compound again after rolling, so operation is long, the step complexity, energy consumption is high, productivity ratio is low.
For thoroughly addressing the above problem, realize the comprehensive metallurgical binding between the different composite constituent element, thereby increase substantially the bond strength of compound interface, significantly reduce energy consumption and boost productivity, best method adopts casting compound exactly.
Casting compound research is one of the focus in metal material moulding field, and present main preparation methods has electromagnetic control method for making, two crystallizer method, core-filled and continuously casted method etc.; Although the electromagnetic control method for making can suppress flowing of metal to a certain extent, but when thicker on the composite wood top layer and since at the interface electromagnetic field a little less than, stopping power is poor, when melt flow velocity in the horizontal direction was too high, easily the near interface at different-alloy formed the Mixed Zone; Two crystallizer methods need two cover crystallizers, are arranged vertically up and down, about core metal and clad metal are poured into respectively in two crystallizers; Core metal is poured in the upper crystallizer first, core metal forms certain thickness solidified shell in upper crystallizer, in downdraw process, when the core strand enters into lower crystallizer, pour into a mould outer clad metal liquid, make the fusing of core base surface portion by the heat of molten metal, mutually diffuse to form certain thickness middle close binder by element, like this, skin and core metal are combined into an integral body; The method complex technical process is difficult for realizing commercial Application, particularly because core metal has been frozen into solid-state and solidified shell easily oxidation in air, thereby affects the bonding state of compound interface; The core melt of core-filled and continuously casted method adopts mozzle to enter crystallizer, before this without cooling procedure, very easily causes the mixing of melt, causes compound failure.
Nowe Li Si company has applied for being used for the patent (patent No. 200480023704) of the method for casting composite ingot, the method mainly is that dystectic alloy forms a self-supporting layer at coldplate, the temperature of self-supporting layer is between the liquidus temperature and liquidus temperature of this alloy, behind the leaving water cold drawing, low-melting alloy contacts at the self-supporting layer with high-melting-point alloy, form combination, be cast as compound ingot blank.Practice shows, because the temperature of self-supporting layer is between solidus temperature and liquidus temperature, and the impact when this self-supporting layer can not have enough intensity to prevent the low-melting alloy contact, so the self-supporting layer is easy to be broken through the mixing of two kinds of alloys of formation; Simultaneously because low-melting alloy is that the supporting layer temperature of liquid phase, high-melting-point alloy is between liquidus temperature and solidus temperature, even supporting surface did not destroy when both contacted, also can produce strong counterdiffusion, at the thicker diffusion layer of interface formation, although this diffusion layer is metallurgical binding, but easily form thicker brittle layer at some two kinds of compound alloy interface, when this brittle layer is processed into thinner product at ingot blank, can produce harm to serviceability, such as 4041/3004/4041 soldering composite insulating foil.
Application number is method and the device that 200910187947.7 Chinese patent application has proposed a kind of low overheat composite casting aluminum alloy under action of steady magnetic field, adopt coldplate that core and table material are separated, the alloy pouring temperature that fusing point is high is higher than 15 ~ 30 ℃ of this alloy melting points, it is low overheated namely to realize, make dystectic alloy form stable at coldplate rapidly, supporting surface with some strength, namely form certain thickness semisolid, then the alloy with low melting point temperature pours into, be combined with dystectic alloy at supporting surface, then solidify together, form metallurgical binding; For guaranteeing the stable, straight of compound interface, apply direct-current static magnetic field simultaneously, utilize the electromagnetic braking effect of magnetostatic field, suppress melt flows at the interface.
The method can be produced preferably composite ingot of quality; But because the level control link is too many, complicated operation, cooperation is difficulty, and liquid level is especially shown the level control difficulty of material simultaneously, thus the easy upper metallic plate to coldplate of the liquid level of table material, and form rosin joint; The crystalline aluminophosphate device owing to what adopt simultaneously, other parts that are higher than contact plate in the intensity of cooling of coldplate and crystallizer wall contact portion, then the temperature in the trigonum that coldplate and crystallizer wall form is low, easily forms the solidification layer of low temperature, so this regional bond strength is low.
Summary of the invention
For the problem on the existing aluminium alloy cast ingot technology of preparing, the invention provides a kind of continuous cast method and device thereof of aluminum alloy compounded ingot.
The casting apparatus of aluminum alloy compounded ingot of the present invention comprises a minute crystal crystallizer, aluminium alloy distributor, hot top board and dummy ingot, divide crystal crystallizer to be consisted of by two large face water tanks and two side water tanks, each large water tank top connects an aluminium alloy distributor, each water tank top, side connects a hot top board, dummy ingot is positioned at a minute crystal crystallizer bottom, the two ends of aluminium alloy distributor are connected with a hot top board respectively, the aluminium alloy import of each aluminium alloy distributor is communicated with a liquid reserve tank, aluminium alloy outlet and minute crystal crystallizer internal communication of each aluminium alloy distributor; Wherein the top of dummy ingot is fixedly connected with two baffle plates, and the two ends of each baffle plate all are connected with a minute crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate top is connected with a coldplate respectively; Each coldplate all is fixed on the hot top board, and the two ends of each coldplate all with a hot top board be connected the crystal crystallizer inwall to be connected; Two coldplates will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate and the large face water tank is table material melt chamber.
In the said apparatus, be respectively equipped with stabilier in two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board respectively, and the bottom of stabilier is higher than, is less than or equal to edge on the large face water tank, both difference in height≤5mm, the top of stabilier is higher than aluminium alloy outlet top; Gapped between stabilier bottom and the dummy ingot, clearance height is 40 ~ 80mm.
In the said apparatus, the aluminium alloy distributor comprises loam cake and base plate, be provided with the outlet of aluminium alloy passage, aluminium alloy import and aluminium alloy between loam cake and the base plate, be provided with the block more than 2 in the aluminium alloy passage, the top of each block is connected with the bottom with loam cake and is connected with base plate.
In the said apparatus, coldplate is made of positive plate, backboard, positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer, positive plate and backboard link together, and are provided with coldplate water cavity, water inlet and delivery port between positive plate and backboard, and the coldplate water cavity is in communication with the outside by water inlet and delivery port; The side of positive plate connects positive plate thermal insulation layer, and the side of the bottom surface of positive plate, the bottom surface of backboard and backboard connects the backboard thermal insulation layer; Positive plate thermal insulation layer height is 5 ~ 20mm, and the bottom of positive plate thermal insulation layer is higher than the bottom 20 ~ 50mm of positive plate; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate or is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate.
Above-mentioned positive plate is selected copper coin, and backboard is selected corrosion resistant plate, positive plate thermal insulation board select calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate, the backboard thermal insulation board select calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate.
In the above-mentioned minute crystal crystallizer, the top of large face water tank is higher than the top of side water tank or is lower than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 10 ~ 50mm.
In the said apparatus, the material of hot top board be in an anti-plate, highly be 150 ~ 200mm, the height of aluminium alloy distributor is 150 ~ 200mm.
In the said apparatus, the positive plate bottom of coldplate is lower than on the large face water tank along 5 ~ 20mm.
In the said apparatus, the inwall material of minute crystal crystallizer is 6061 aluminium alloys, 6063 aluminium alloys or copper; One end of aluminium alloy distributor extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending an end is 2 ~ 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending one section distance with minute crystal crystallizer inwall is 2 ~ 5mm.
Above-mentioned baffle plate cross section is inverted wedge shape, and the lower end of baffle plate is fixed in the baffle plate groove of dummy ingot.
The continuous cast method of aluminum alloy compounded ingot of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
1, will treat compound respectively melting of two kinds of alloys, perhaps will treat the respectively melting of compound alloy and aluminium, then refining is left standstill two kinds of aluminium alloys that obtain respectively; In two kinds of aluminium alloys, be called table material aluminium alloy as the aluminium alloy of composite ingot table material, be called the core aluminium alloy as the aluminium alloy of composite ingot core; And the aluminium alloy of being made by the relatively high alloy of fusing point is called high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the aluminium alloy of being made by the relatively low alloy of fusing point is called low-melting alloy liquid;
When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy was higher than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy, the side water tank height of minute crystal crystallizer was higher than the height of large face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate; When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy was lower than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy, the side water tank height of minute crystal crystallizer was lower than the height of large face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate;
2, on the crystallizer inwall, pass into lubricating oil, in the coldplate water cavity, pass into cooling water and keep water flow; In large face water tank and side water tank, pass into cooling water and keep water flow;
3, be down to 40 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy when the temperature of high-melting-point alloy liquid, and the temperature of low-melting alloy liquid is when being down to 50 ~ 80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy; In the core melt chamber, place the shunting bag, in liquid reserve tank, place cursory shunting disk; The core aluminium alloy is imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through the shunting bag from the core chute again; To show the material aluminium alloy and import in the table material chute, from table material chute respectively in two cursory shunting disks import to two liquid reserve tanks, table material aluminium alloy enters table material melt chamber through the aluminium alloy distributor;
4, the liquid level when minute crystal crystallizer inner core material aluminium alloy is 110 ~ 170mm, when the liquid level of table material aluminium alloy is 100 ~ 130mm, starts dummy ingot and moves downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; Keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting.
Said method when descending appears in the liquid level in one of them melt chamber, shows that this melt chamber is communicated with other melt chambers in casting process, stop casting this moment; When rising appearred in the liquid level in one of them melt chamber, surperficial ingot casting did not descend, and stopped casting this moment.
In the said method, after ingot casting is casted into predetermined length, if the table material segment thickness of composite ingot greater than the core part, stops first cast table material aluminium alloy, stop again pouring into a mould the core aluminium alloy; When the table material segment thickness of composite ingot during less than the core part, stop first pouring into a mould the core aluminium alloy, stop again cast table material aluminium alloy; When the table material of composite ingot partly equates with the core segment thickness, stop simultaneously pouring into a mould two kinds of aluminium alloys.
In the said method, when making high-melting-point alloy liquid by the relatively high alloy of fusing point, the temperature of melting and refining is higher than 70 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus temperatures of this alloy, when making low-melting alloy liquid by the relatively low alloy of fusing point, the temperature of melting and refining is higher than 50 ~ 120 ℃ of the liquidus temperatures of this alloy.
In the said method, when the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy is higher than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy, the core aluminium alloy contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, positive plate one side at the core melt chamber forms the solid-state supporting layer of one deck, and the temperature of solid-state supporting layer is than low 50 ~ 80 ℃ of core aluminium alloy solidus temperature; When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy is lower than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy, table material aluminium alloy contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering table material melt chamber, positive plate one side at table material melt chamber forms the solid-state supporting layer of one deck, and the temperature of solid-state supporting layer is than low 50 ~ 80 ℃ of table material aluminium alloy solidus temperature.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1) adopts coldplate to be arranged between core aluminium alloy and the table material aluminium alloy, and pass into cooling water temperature, and reduced the temperature of supporting layer, namely supporting layer can be cooled to solid-state, has enough intensity, so casting technique easily realizes and control; In casting process, after solid-state supporting layer broke away from coldplate, low-melting alloy liquid just fully infiltrated on solid-state supporting layer; (2) adopted aluminium alloy distributor and stabilier device, so table material aluminium alloy is surely even for levelling, the table material aluminium alloy temperature that enters crystallizer is even, can guarantee that the compound interface of ingot casting is straight, clean, the loose and impurity of pore-free; (3) consider that the core aluminium alloy is different with the crystallization temperature of table material aluminium alloy, adopted a minute crystal crystallizer, the side of contact high-melting-point alloy liquid is higher than the side of contact low-melting alloy liquid, makes two kinds of aluminium alloy crystallizations synchronous; (4) the hot top board that arranges has been avoided cooling off fast near the coldplate and crystallizer wall in two kinds of alloys, causes the side can not good wet, and then causes the side to mill the large problem of face amount; Simultaneously can guarantee that the aluminium alloy temperature of parallel coldplate direction is even, make table material alloy and core alloy good combination, significantly improve the lumber recovery of ingot casting.
Studies show that, low-melting alloy is wetting on the supporting layer of high-melting-point alloy, is the necessary condition that core alloy and table material alloy are realized metallurgical binding; And when high-melting-point alloy self-supporting layer temperature is lower than solidus temperature (after solidifying), in quite wide temperature range, as long as the melt temperature of the not oxidation of self-supporting face, low-melting alloy is higher than liquidus temperature, still can be wetting on solid-state supporting layer, and can make support layer surface one substratum melt back, by interfacial diffusion, realize good metallurgical binding.The present invention on this basis, the temperature of having considered the high-melting-point alloy along continuous straight runs that contacts with coldplate evenly waits the necessary condition of the high-quality compound ingot blank of preparation, has designed continuous casting and the method for above-mentioned aluminum alloy compounded ingot.
For guaranteeing to show the supporting surface of the abundant wetting core of material aluminium alloy energy, form good metallurgical binding to guarantee two kinds of alloys.Must guarantee that low-melting alloy liquid level will be higher than edge under the coldplate.Namely guarantee not contact and oxidation with air after high-melting-point alloy forms supporting surface, the edge contacts with low-melting alloy liquid supporting surface under the coldplate once being lower than, and for this reason, prevents that by positive plate thermal insulation board the too early cooling of low-melting alloy liquid from causing the problem of temperature decrease.
Apply lubricating oil on crystallizer wall top before the method casting of the present invention, perhaps inlay graphite cake at the crystallizer inwall, perhaps when inlaying graphite cake, apply lubricating oil, to improve the surface quality of foundry goods; Adopt shunting bag and cursory shunting disk can control the height of aluminium alloy and steady when mobile; The impact to solid-state supporting layer that stabilier and block can reduction table material aluminium alloys is set, obtains than applying the better steady flow result of magnetostatic field.
The present invention can guarantee to show the material alloy liquid flows evenly, liquid level stabilizing, temperature is even, adopt simultaneously the method for hot top continuous casting, coldplate does not contact with crystallizer wall, eliminate the trigonum of high intensity of cooling, guarantee that the supporting surface of the formation under the coldplate is even along coldplate horizontal direction temperature, guarantee comprehensive metallurgical binding of composite surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the casting apparatus structural representation of the aluminum alloy compounded ingot in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is that the A-A face of Fig. 1 cuts open figure;
Fig. 3 is that the B-B face of Fig. 1 cuts open figure;
Fig. 4 is the split mold structure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the aluminium alloy dispensing arrangement schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 7 is that the C-C face of Fig. 5 cuts open figure;
Fig. 8 is the plate structure of cooling schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 9 is the coldplate side-looking partial structurtes schematic diagram among Fig. 7;
Among the figure 1, large face water tank, 2, the sidepiece water tank, 3, the aluminium alloy distributor, 3-1, loam cake, 3-2, base plate, 3-3, block, 3-4, the aluminium alloy import, 3-5, the aluminium alloy outlet, 4, hot top board, 5, liquid reserve tank, 6, coldplate, 6-1, the backboard thermal insulation layer, 6-2, backboard, 6-3, positive plate, 6-4, positive plate thermal insulation layer, 6-5, the coldplate water cavity, 6-6, water inlet, 7, the side water cavity, 8, large face water cavity, 9, stabilier, 10, cursory shunting disk, 11, table material conduit, 12, the shunting bag, 13, the core conduit, 14, dummy ingot, 15, baffle plate, 16, the core aluminium alloy, 17, table material aluminium alloy, a, the first point for measuring temperature, b, the second point for measuring temperature, c, the 3rd point for measuring temperature, d, the 4th point for measuring temperature, e, the 5th point for measuring temperature;
Figure 10 is 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot cross section macro morphology figure of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 11 is the local micro-organization chart of 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 12 is the 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot Partial Elements distribution proportion schematic diagram at the interface of casting in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Figure 13 is the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot cross section macro morphology figure of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Figure 14 is the micro-organization chart of the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Figure 15 is the at the interface Partial Elements distribution proportion schematic diagram of the pure Al alloy of the pure Al/7075/ composite ingot of casting in the embodiment of the invention 2.
The specific embodiment
Casting speed is 50 ~ 70mm/min among the inventive method embodiment.
The interior cooling water inflow of coldplate is 10 ~ 30L/min among the inventive method embodiment.
The thickness of positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer is 3 ~ 8mm in the embodiment of the invention.
No. 2 solvents that adopt among the inventive method embodiment are the alloy refining common solvent, commercial product.
The solidus of 3004 alloys is 629 ℃ among the inventive method embodiment, and the solidus of 4045 alloys is 575 ℃, and the solidus of fine aluminium (1015) is 646 ℃, and the solidus of 7075 alloys is 477 ℃.
The casting apparatus structure of aluminum alloy compounded ingot as shown in Figure 1, the A-A face cuts open graph structure as shown in Figure 2, the B-B face cuts open graph structure as shown in Figure 3, comprises a minute crystal crystallizer, aluminium alloy distributor 3, hot top board 4 and dummy ingot 14;
The split mold structure is made of two large face water tanks 1 and two side water tanks 2 as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5;
In the casting apparatus of aluminum alloy compounded ingot, each large water tank 1 top connects an aluminium alloy distributor 3, each side water tank 2 top connects a hot top board 4, dummy ingot 14 is positioned at a minute crystal crystallizer bottom, and each hot top board 4 lower surface connects simultaneously a side water tank 2 and is connected a large face water tank 1 connection; The two ends of each aluminium alloy distributor 3 are connected with a hot top board 4 respectively;
The structure of aluminium alloy distributor 3 as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, comprise loam cake 3-1 and base plate 3-2, be provided with aluminium alloy passage, two aluminium alloy import 3-4 and an aluminium alloy outlet 3-2 between loam cake 3-1 and the base plate 3-2, be provided with the block 3-3 more than 2 in the aluminium alloy passage, the top of each block 3-3 is connected with the bottom with loam cake 3-1 and is connected with base plate 3-2;
The aluminium alloy import of each aluminium alloy distributor 3 and liquid reserve tank 5 internal communication, aluminium alloy outlet and minute crystal crystallizer internal communication of each aluminium alloy distributor 3;
The top of dummy ingot 14 is fixedly connected with two parallel baffle plates 15, and the two ends of each baffle plate 15 all are connected with a minute crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate 15 top is connected with a coldplate 6 respectively; Each coldplate 6 all is fixed on the hot top board 4, and the two ends of each coldplate 6 all with a hot top board 4 be connected the crystal crystallizer inwall to be connected; Two coldplates 6 will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates 6 is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate 6 and the large face water tank 1 is table material melt chamber;
Be respectively equipped with a stabilier 9 in two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier 9 are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board 4 respectively, the bottom of stabilier 9 is higher than edge on the large face water tank 1, both difference in height 4mm, and the top of stabilier 9 is higher than aluminium alloy outlet 3-2 top; Gapped between stabilier 9 bottoms and the dummy ingot 14, clearance height is 60mm;
Positive sheet material matter is copper coin, and the backboard material is corrosion resistant plate, positive plate thermal insulation board be calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate, the backboard thermal insulation board be calcium silicate board or in an anti-plate;
The top of the large face water tank 1 of minute crystal crystallizer is lower than the top of side water tank 2, and both differences in height are 30mm;
The material of hot top board be in an anti-plate, highly be 170mm, the height of aluminium alloy distributor is 200mm;
The positive plate bottom of coldplate is lower than on the large face water tank along 10mm
Dividing the inwall material of crystal crystallizer is 6061 aluminium alloys;
One end of aluminium alloy distributor 3 extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending an end is 2mm with the horizontal range of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board 4 extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending one section horizontal range with minute crystal crystallizer inwall is 2mm;
In each table material melt chamber, the distance of the crystallizer inner wall section below coldplate and the aluminium alloy distributor is 100mm, and the distance between two coldplates is 320mm;
Adopt the said apparatus continuous casting to prepare 4045/3004/4045 alloy composite ingot, 3004 alloys are as the core alloy, and 4045 alloys are as table material alloy;
With 3004 alloys and the respectively melting of 4045 alloys, 3004 alloys are high-melting-point alloy, 4045 alloys are low-melting alloy, and the smelting temperature of 3004 alloys is higher than 100 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus curves of 3004 alloys, and the smelting temperature of 4045 alloys is higher than 100 ~ 120 ℃ of 4045 aluminium alloy phase lines;
Then two kinds of alloys with the same temperature of melting under add No. 2 solvents and carry out refining, leave standstill by swivel nozzle and give vent to anger and after ceramic filter filters, 3004 aluminium alloys (core aluminium alloy) and 4045 aluminium alloys (table material aluminium alloy) are placed respectively the core chute and show in the material chute;
On the crystallizer inwall, pass into lubricating oil; Water cavity in coldplate passes into normal-temperature water, and keeps water flow; Pass into cooling water and keep water flow in large face water cavity in large face water tank and side water tank and the side water cavity;
When the temperature of 3004 aluminium alloys is 690 ~ 700 ℃, and the temperature of 4045 aluminium alloys begins casting when being 700 ~ 710 ℃, places shunting bag 12 in the core melt chamber, at the cursory shunting disk 10 of liquid reserve tank 5 interior placements; The core aluminium alloy is imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through core conduit 13 and shunting bag 12 from the core chute again; To show the material aluminium alloy and import in the table material chute, and import in two liquid reserve tanks 5 through two table material conduits 11 and two cursory shunting disks 10 respectively from table material chute, table material aluminium alloy enters table material melt chamber through the aluminium alloy distributor;
When the liquid level of table material aluminium alloy and core aluminium alloy is 110mm ~ 130mm, starts dummy ingot and carry out continuous casting and prepare composite ingot; Start dummy ingot and move downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; By conventional fluid level control device control table material conduit and the height of core conduit, keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting;
The core aluminium alloy contacts with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of core melt chamber; Supporting layer thickness determination methods is as shown in Figure 8: near the core alloy liquid level positive plate is selected 5 points for measuring temperature (a, b, c, d, e), 5 points for measuring temperature are positioned on the positive plate certain a bit to the vertical line of crystallizer axis, the distance of 5 points for measuring temperature and positive plate is respectively 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm; When carrying out continuous casting, point for measuring temperature moves downward with ingot casting, when under the level height of point for measuring temperature and the coldplate when concordant, obtain each point for measuring temperature temperature, if a point temperature is below liquidus temperature at this moment, and b point temperature judges that supporting layer thickness is between 2 ~ 4mm below liquidus temperature; If in like manner this moment, d point temperature was below liquidus temperature, and e point temperature judges that supporting layer thickness is between 8 ~ 10mm more than liquidus temperature; By the distance between said method adjustment point for measuring temperature and the positive plate, measure simultaneously the thickness that can accurately measure supporting layer; Through the thickness of the above-mentioned solid-state supporting layer of test of many times at 5 ~ 8mm;
After continuous casting is finished, stop first casting table material aluminium alloy, then stop the core aluminium alloy of casting;
The ingot casting of making is of a size of 520 * 800 * 1500mm, and wherein the thickness of 4045 alloys on both sides is 100mm, and the thickness of 3004 middle alloys is 320mm; Ingot casting cross section macro morphology as shown in figure 10, the microstructure at compound interface place as shown in figure 11, the Partial Elements component distributing ratio at compound interface place is as shown in figure 12; The compound interface of two kinds of alloys is straight stable as seen from the figure, non-oxidation and being mingled with at the interface, in conjunction with good, element is having a diffusion region at the interface, the interface is metallurgical binding, the ingot casting measurement shear strength at the interface that repeats the test of many times acquisition is 110Mpa in the shear strength of 62 ~ 70Mpa(as cast condition, 3004 alloys, and the shear strength of as cast condition 4045 alloys is 67Mpa), the interface has enough intensity.
The casting apparatus structure of aluminum alloy compounded ingot is with embodiment 1, and difference is: the top of (1) large face water tank is higher than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 30mm; (2) material of hot top board is calcium silicate board, highly is 180mm, and the height of aluminium alloy distributor is 150mm; (3) the positive plate of coldplate bottom is lower than on the large face water tank along 20mm; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate; (4) dividing the inwall material of crystal crystallizer is copper; (5) end of aluminium alloy distributor extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending an end is 5mm with the distance of dividing the crystal crystallizer inwall; One end of hot top board extends to minute crystal crystallizer is inner, and extending one section distance with minute crystal crystallizer inwall is 5mm; (6) in each table material melt chamber, the distance of the crystallizer inner wall section below coldplate and the aluminium alloy distributor is 30mm, and the distance between two coldplates is 460mm; (7) bottom of stabilier 9 is lower than edge on the large face water tank 1, both difference in height 3mm; (8) gapped between stabilier 9 bottoms and the dummy ingot 14, clearance height is 80mm;
Adopt the said apparatus continuous casting to prepare aluminium/7075/ aluminum alloy compounded ingot, 7075 alloys are as the core alloy, aluminium is as table material alloy, with 7075 alloys and respectively melting of aluminium, the smelting temperature of 7075 alloys is higher than 110 ~ 150 ℃ of the liquidus curves of 7075 alloys, and the smelting temperature of aluminium is higher than 100 ~ 120 ℃ of aluminium liquidus curves; Then two kinds of alloys with the same temperature of melting under add No. 2 solvents and carry out refining, leave standstill by swivel nozzle and give vent to anger and after ceramic filter filters, 7075 aluminium alloys (core aluminium alloy) and aluminium liquid (table material aluminium alloy) are placed respectively the core chute and show in the material chute;
When the temperature of aluminium liquid is 690 ~ 700 ℃, and when the temperature of 7075 aluminium alloys is 720 ~ 730 ℃, when the liquid level of table material aluminium alloy and core aluminium alloy is 150mm ~ 170mm, the startup dummy ingot carries out continuous casting and prepares composite ingot, method is with embodiment 1, difference is: after (1) continuous casting is finished, stop first the core aluminium alloy of casting, then stop casting table material aluminium alloy; (2) solid-state supporting layer thickness is 6 ~ 10mm;
The ingot casting of making is of a size of 520 * 800 * 1500mm, and wherein the thickness of the fine aluminium on both sides is 30mm, and the thickness of 7075 middle alloys is 460mm; Get thickness on the ingot casting cross section and be the test piece about 30mm, after polishing as shown in figure 13, the microstructure at the compound interface place of two kinds of alloys as shown in figure 14, the Partial Elements component distributing ratio at compound interface place is as shown in figure 15; The compound interface of two kinds of alloys is straight stable as seen from the figure, non-oxidation and being mingled with at the interface, in conjunction with good, element has a diffusion region at the interface, the interface is metallurgical binding, measurement shear strength at the interface is that the shear strength of 51 ~ 67Mpa(as cast condition aluminium is 50 ~ 60Mpa, and the shear strength of as cast condition 7075 alloys is 50 ~ 60Mpa).
Claims (5)
1. the casting apparatus of an aluminum alloy compounded ingot, comprise a minute crystal crystallizer, aluminium alloy distributor, hot top board and dummy ingot, divide crystal crystallizer to be consisted of by two large face water tanks and two side water tanks, each large water tank top connects an aluminium alloy distributor, each water tank top, side connects a hot top board, dummy ingot is positioned at a minute crystal crystallizer bottom, the two ends of aluminium alloy distributor are connected with a hot top board respectively, the aluminium alloy import of each aluminium alloy distributor is communicated with a liquid reserve tank, aluminium alloy outlet and minute crystal crystallizer internal communication of each aluminium alloy distributor; It is characterized in that: the top of dummy ingot is fixedly connected with two baffle plates, and the two ends of each baffle plate all are connected with a minute crystal crystallizer inwall, and each baffle plate top is connected with a coldplate respectively; Each coldplate all is fixed on the hot top board, and the two ends of each coldplate all with a hot top board be connected the crystal crystallizer inwall to be connected; Two coldplates will divide crystal crystallizer inside to be divided into three melt chambers, and the melt chamber between two coldplates is the core melt chamber, and the melt chamber between coldplate and the large face water tank is table material melt chamber; Wherein said coldplate is made of positive plate, backboard, positive plate thermal insulation layer and backboard thermal insulation layer, positive plate and backboard link together, and be provided with coldplate water cavity, water inlet and delivery port between positive plate and backboard, the coldplate water cavity is in communication with the outside by water inlet and delivery port; The side of positive plate connects positive plate thermal insulation layer, and the side of the bottom surface of positive plate, the bottom surface of backboard and backboard connects the backboard thermal insulation layer; Positive plate thermal insulation layer height is 5～20mm, and the bottom of positive plate thermal insulation layer is higher than the bottom 20～50mm of positive plate; Positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate or is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate.
2. the casting apparatus of a kind of aluminum alloy compounded ingot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being respectively equipped with stabilier in described two table material melt chambers, the two ends of stabilier are connected with the crystallizer inwall with a hot top board respectively, the bottom of stabilier is higher than, is less than or equal to edge on the large face water tank, both difference in height≤5mm, the top of stabilier is higher than aluminium alloy outlet top; Gapped between stabilier bottom and the dummy ingot, clearance height is 40～80mm.
3. the casting apparatus of a kind of aluminum alloy compounded ingot according to claim 1, the top that it is characterized in that large face water tank are higher than the top of side water tank or are lower than the top of side water tank, and both differences in height are 10～50mm.
4. continuous cast method that adopts device claimed in claim 1 to carry out aluminum alloy compounded ingot is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) will treat the respectively melting of compound two kinds of alloys, perhaps will treat the respectively melting of compound alloy and aluminium, then refining is left standstill two kinds of aluminium alloys obtaining or aluminium alloy and aluminium liquid respectively; In two kinds of aluminium alloys or aluminium alloy and the aluminium liquid, be called table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid as aluminium alloy or the aluminium liquid of composite ingot table material, be called core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid as aluminium alloy or the aluminium liquid of composite ingot core; And aluminium alloy or the aluminium liquid made by the relatively high alloy of fusing point or aluminium are called high-melting-point alloy liquid or high-melting-point aluminium liquid, and aluminium alloy or the aluminium liquid made by the relatively low alloy of fusing point or aluminium are called low-melting alloy liquid or low melting point aluminium liquid;
When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid was higher than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid, the side water tank height of minute crystal crystallizer was higher than the height of large face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at core melt chamber one side of coldplate; When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid was lower than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid, the side water tank height of minute crystal crystallizer was lower than the height of large face water tank, and positive plate thermal insulation layer is positioned at table material melt chamber one side of coldplate;
(2) on the crystallizer inwall, pass into lubricating oil, in the coldplate water cavity, pass into cooling water and keep water flow; In large face water tank and side water tank, pass into cooling water and keep water flow;
(3) be down to 40～80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy or aluminium when the temperature of high-melting-point alloy liquid or high-melting-point aluminium liquid, and the temperature of low-melting alloy liquid or low melting point aluminium liquid is when being down to 50～80 ℃ of liquidus temperatures that are higher than this alloy or aluminium; In the core melt chamber, place the shunting bag, in liquid reserve tank, place cursory shunting disk; Core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid are imported in the core chute, import in the core melt chamber through the shunting bag from the core chute again; To show material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid and import in the table material chute, again from table material chute respectively in two cursory shunting disks import to two liquid reserve tanks, table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid enter table material melt chamber through the aluminium alloy distributor;
(4) liquid level when minute crystal crystallizer inner core material aluminium alloy is 110～170mm, when the liquid level of table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid is 100～130mm, starts dummy ingot and moves downwards, the casting of beginning composite ingot; Keep the liquid level in core melt chamber and the table material melt chamber during casting, guarantee that the liquid level of low-melting alloy liquid or low melting point aluminium liquid is higher than edge under the coldplate.
5. the continuous cast method of aluminum alloy compounded ingot according to claim 4, it is characterized in that when the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid is higher than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid, core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid contact with the positive plate of coldplate after entering the core melt chamber, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of core melt chamber; When the solidus temperature of core aluminium alloy or core aluminium liquid is lower than the solidus temperature of table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid, after entering table material melt chamber, table material aluminium alloy or table material aluminium liquid contacts with the positive plate of coldplate, at the solid-state supporting layer of positive plate one side formation one deck of table material melt chamber.
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