CN102073838B - Method and system for preventing counterfeit by using differentiation of electromagnetic signals of RFID - Google Patents
Method and system for preventing counterfeit by using differentiation of electromagnetic signals of RFID Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for preventing counterfeit by using differentiation of electromagnetic signals of radio frequency identification (RFID). The method comprises the following steps of: sending an instruction to an RFID radio frequency tag to be identified, and receiving a signal fed back by the RFID radio frequency tag; performing electromagnetic signal physical property recognition on the received signal to obtain recognition characteristics; and performing matrix recognition on comparison parameters and records in a database to judge the truth and falsehood of the RFID. In the method and the system for preventing counterfeit by using the differentiation of the electromagnetic signals of the RFID, the characteristics of substances in the RFID radio frequency tag are used, namely different RFID antenna modules and integrated circuit (IC) chips have different physical properties, and differentiation of physical properties of electromagnetic signals exists between two RFID radio frequency tags with the same property, so that different RFID radio frequency tags are differentiated by measuring the differentiation, and unduplicatedness of the RFID radio frequency tags is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for anti-counterfeit and system of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, in particular a kind of method for anti-counterfeit and system that utilizes RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag electromagnetic signal otherness to realize.
Background technology
The RFID(radio RF recognition technology, be Radio Frequency Identification, be called for short RFID) the radio-frequency (RF) tag miniature label that refers to be formed by IC chip and radio antenna module (radio-frequency (RF) tag, i.e. Radio Frequency Tag, abbreviation RF TAG).Active, half active and passive three kinds of patterns that the energy supply of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is divided into, alleged RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag all comprises active, half active and passive RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag in the instructions of the present invention.
The RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is comprised of IC chip and radio antenna module, the radio antenna module mainly is to finish the conversion of electromagnetic energy, electromagnetic energy is converted to electric energy (receive data) and converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy (transmission data), and the IC chip is mainly finished to the modulation /demodulation of signal and to data and processed.
In the prior art, because the usable range of RFID is more and more extensive, in some important use occasions, for example relates to finance and economic field, RFID may store user's important identification data and property data, and the false proof of RFID just need to be accomplished higher requirement.
Existing anti-counterfeiting technology can't solve RFID and be cloned imitated problem, the anti-counterfeiting technology of vendor A to adopting on its RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag for example, other manufacturer (comprising vendor A) can carry out copying of this anti-counterfeiting technology to any one piece of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, thereby is difficult to accomplish real false proof.These anti-counterfeiting technologies of prior art are based on special or technique special of material basically, reach false proof purpose by the control to this kind technology.But along with the development of science and technology, other people can reproduce any material or technology and imitate, and therefore, its false proof effect is difficult to reach requirement.
For example in the prior art, the RFID label anti-counterfeit mainly is to use various encryption chips, encryption chip is so that the cost of RFID increases a lot, and cryptographic algorithm basically can not realize false proof, can only be limited guarantee data security is at encryption chip manufacturer key exposure or cryptographic algorithm is broken or the counterfeiter can cause the RFID chip to be cloned when cloning the methods such as memory block fully.
Therefore, prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for anti-counterfeit and system of the RFID of utilization electromagnetic signal otherness, electromagnetic signal characteristic identification RFID based on RFID antenna itself, copy so that other people can't clone, utilize the false proof cost that can when promoting security, reduce RFID of material property.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method for anti-counterfeit that utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness, it may further comprise the steps:
A, send instruction to RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified, and receive the signal of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag feedback;
B, the signal that receives is carried out the identification of electromagnetic signal physical features, obtain recognition feature;
C, recognition feature is carried out pattern-recognition, judge the true and false of this RFID.
Described step B also comprises:
B11, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B12, the time-domain signal after extracting is carried out Fourier transform, to obtain spectrum signature.
Described method for anti-counterfeit, wherein, described step B also comprises:
B21, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B22, time-domain signal is carried out the Cyclic Spectrum mode process, obtain Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
Described method for anti-counterfeit, wherein, described step B also comprises:
B31, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B32, this time-domain signal is carried out ambiguity function kernel function mode process, obtain ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
Described method for anti-counterfeit, wherein, described time-domain signal comprises: one or more in the instantaneous envelope of radiation source carrier frequency and signal of communication, instantaneous frequency, the instantaneous phase.
Described method for anti-counterfeit, wherein, described step C also comprises: the process of described pattern-recognition also comprises utilizes algorithm for pattern recognition to carry out, and described algorithm for pattern recognition comprises employing svm classifier device, neural network, cluster or the realization of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) scheduling algorithm.
A kind of RFID electromagnetic signal otherness of utilizing realizes false proof system, wherein, comprising:
One property data base that sets in advance is used for the storage recognition feature;
One RFID reader unit is used for that RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified is carried out instruction and sends, and receives the signal of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag feedback;
One electromagnetic signal physical features identification module is used for the signal of feedback is processed, and obtains recognition feature;
Described processing is the signal that receives to be carried out time-domain signal extract;
Time-domain signal after extracting is carried out Fourier transform, to obtain spectrum signature;
Comprise that also time-domain signal is carried out the Cyclic Spectrum mode to be processed, obtain Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag;
Comprise that also this time-domain signal is carried out ambiguity function kernel function mode to be processed, obtain ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag;
One pattern recognition module is used for the recognition feature that will obtain and compares with the storage data of described property data base after by pattern-recognition, and judges the true and false of this RFID.
A kind of method for anti-counterfeit and system that utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness provided by the present invention, compared with prior art, the present invention program need to not control to reach false proof purpose based on special material or technique, but utilize the characteristic of material in the RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag itself, the physical characteristics that is different RF ID Anneta module and IC chip is different, even if two identical RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag of performance (even if same batch of same model), in its feedback signal, also exist the difference on the physical characteristics of electromagnetic signal between them from microcosmic, by measuring this difference and distinguishing different RF ID radio-frequency (RF) tag, guaranteed the non-reproduction of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for anti-counterfeit schematic flow sheet that the present invention utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness to realize that false proof system consists of block diagram.
Fig. 3 is the spectrum signature synoptic diagram that the present invention utilizes the method for anti-counterfeit preferred embodiment of RFID electromagnetic signal otherness.
Fig. 4 is the Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature synoptic diagram of the present invention's another preferred embodiment of method for anti-counterfeit of utilizing RFID electromagnetic signal otherness.
Fig. 5 is the method for anti-counterfeit ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature synoptic diagram of an embodiment again that the present invention utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention utilizes method for anti-counterfeit and the system of RFID electromagnetic signal otherness, the electromagnetic signal otherness of having utilized the difference of the individual physics of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to cause, by analyzing its electromagnetic signal difference and extract the personal feature of its signal, the individual RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag of unique identification.Owing to have IC chip and radio antenna module in the RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, be used for realizing application data computing and the processing of RFID, when between this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag and RFID card reader, carrying out the data processing, the RFID card reader need to send instruction according to the semaphore request of standard, carry out feedback signal by the RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, the signal of feedback is read by the RFID reader identification.
But, because different RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag are by different IC chips and radio antenna module composition, even its physical characteristics has determined to feed back identical digital signal, still can have different electromagnetic signal (simulating signal) characteristic, for example be 1 and 0 high-low level, equally on the time domain characteristics, for example keep high level and low level duration, remain at microcosmic angle and to have own unique features, and this characteristics are unique, can not be replicated.The present invention utilizes the fingerprint characteristics of the middle uniqueness that has in the normal feedback signal of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to carry out false proof just.
Antiforge system of the present invention can be arranged on the existing RFID card reading system, also can be set to the false proof and recognition system of RFID by Independent.In theory, because there is certain difference in different its physical devices of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, even same batch RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag of same manufacturer production, also can there is some difference because of the physical characteristics of IC chip and antenna, this will cause different RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag also having certain difference in fully normal radio feedback signal.The inventive method and system utilize this characteristic of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, send normal instruction to RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be measured, measure the radio feedback signal of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, and the trickle and unique electromagnetic signal feature that comprises in this radio signal carried out identification, to reach the purpose of unique identification RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
Unique feature of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag radio signal can be called " fingerprint " of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag signal.In essence, " fingerprint " of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag signal is the Changing Pattern information that the one dimension figure (waveform) on infinite region repeats, and this information is carried by signal of communication and expressed.By the signal of communication treatment technology, can find the stable hardware characteristics information of communication radiation source of carrying on the signal of communication.Deeply excavate the fine structure of this communications feedback signal inside, the implicit information of signaling bearer is analyzed, just can extract in the signal of communication parameter of reflection RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag hardware characteristics, and be used for unique identification particular RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
Conventional feature in the RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag communications feedback signal mainly comprises the temporal signatures such as the instantaneous envelope, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase of radiation source carrier frequency and signal of communication.In a sense, the accurate estimated result of the conventional feature of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag signal of communication can be considered as the identification foundation of communication radiation source individuality.Except the conventional feature of above-mentioned signal of communication, the fine feature of radiation source shows as irregular non-stationary, non-linear and non-Gauss more, thereby Higher order Statistics, particularly higher-order spectrum method have unique advantage in the Particular Eigen-Structure of signal of communication.
The present invention utilizes the method for anti-counterfeit of RFID electromagnetic signal otherness, and as shown in Figure 1, it may further comprise the steps: at first, send instruction by the RFID card reader to RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified, and receive the signal of communication of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag feedback; Secondly, the signal that receives is carried out the identification of electromagnetic signal physical features, obtain recognition feature; The identification of this electromagnetic signal physical features refers to the spectrum signature in the signal of communication is identified, except the carrying of signal to instruction itself, when the instruction of appointment is fed back, the electro permanent magnetic physical features that has in the normal feedback signal to this specific instruction is identified, thus identify this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag before whether identify in advance and be stored in same radio-frequency (RF) tag data in the false proof database.At last, again the recognition feature signal is carried out pattern-recognition, can judge the true and false of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, if recognition feature is consistent, can determines that then this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is true, otherwise be false.This judged result can be pointed out by demonstration or sound and light alarm mode.
The present invention utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness to realize false proof system, and as shown in Figure 2, it comprises: a property data base that sets in advance 110, the recognition feature data that adopt equally the above-mentioned disposal route of the present invention to obtain are stored; The RFID reader unit of one hardware is set simultaneously, being used for that RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified is carried out instruction sends, this instruction can pre-determine certain instruction that meets the rule of communication requirement, so that described RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag can be accepted and normal reaction, then for example instruction of reading out data receives the signal that this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is fed back by this RFID card reader; One electromagnetic signal physical features identification module, be used for the signal of feedback is processed, obtain recognition feature, this processing procedure is that the electromagnetic signal that will receive is carried out various conversion, and for example denoising is amplified, resolve, etc., with amplifying extraction with the relevant signal characteristic of its physical characteristics, form typical distinguishing characteristics; An and pattern recognition module, after the above-mentioned recognition feature of obtaining carried out pattern-recognition, compare with the characteristic of in property data base, storing in advance, whether this comparison is not the concrete data of simple comparison in full accord, but by judging after the pattern-recognition whether crucial feature is consistent, after reaching certain fitting degree, judge whether unanimously, judge thus the true and false of this RFID.Therefore, the characteristic of storing in the described property data base in fact also is to obtain and pre-save by the above-mentioned disposal route of the present invention, uses in follow-up identification with when false proof in order to be used for.
In signal of communication was processed, spectrum signature was essential characteristic, time-domain signal is carried out Fourier transform after, can obtain the spectrum signature of different labels as shown in Figure 3.Spectrum signature to all RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is processed, and uses various algorithm for pattern recognitions, can carry out feature identification such as svm classifier device (Support Vector Machine), neural network, cluster or Hidden Markov Model (HMM) etc.
Same time-domain signal also can be processed with the mode of Cyclic Spectrum, obtain Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, as shown in Figure 4, Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature (CS zero section) to all RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag is processed, and uses various algorithm for pattern recognitions (such as svm classifier device, neural network, cluster or Hidden Markov Model (HMM) etc. all) can carry out feature identification.
Same time-domain signal also can be processed with the mode of ambiguity function kernel function, obtains ambiguity function kernel function zero section (the AF zero section) feature of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag, and as shown in Figure 5, the section amount can change selection certainly, also can repeatedly cut into slices; Ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature (AF zero section) or many sections to all RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag are processed, and use various algorithm for pattern recognitions (such as svm classifier device, neural network, cluster or Hidden Markov Model (HMM) etc. all) can carry out feature identification.
By some preliminary datas, the present invention obtains some simply without the recognition data of optimizing, and is the probability of identification such as following table:
Laterally first trip is the ratio of the initial learning data that adopts of algorithm for pattern recognition, for example can be with 20 sampling number certificates, and this number percent refers to 20 ratios in the sampled point; The sampled point that perpendicular row first are classified as for certain section RFID feedback signal is sampling interval in the bracket; For each algorithm for pattern recognition, be expert at it and show the accuracy rate of distinguishing true from false under the different learning datas, it is noted that, learning data is few and when adopting data few, calculated amount is just few, and corresponding accuracy is just low, acquires a certain degree in accuracy rate, for example more than 95%, just reached practical level.Certainly, the calculated amount of some algorithm for pattern recognition is excessive, and is respectively very close at sampled point, and in the too much situation of sampled point, its calculated amount may surpass practical computing power and computing time and abandon, such as zero section of the CS in several row in back in the following table or AF zero section.
Certainly, the present invention can also increase the frequency of training of svm classifier device, to improve discrimination, also can improve discrimination by manifold join operation.
Generally speaking, owing to each piece RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag fine distinction is arranged on physical features in the inventive method and the system, by to the RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag when normal signal is fed back entrained " fingerprint " information extraction (by feedback signal corresponding to predetermined instruction, and, the details spectrum signature that the IC chip of RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag and Anneta module physical characteristics determine), can tell different RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.And zero section of spectrum signature above-mentioned, CS, just some design than simple algorithm in AF zero section, may design the feature of many algorithm fusions, and design sorter more rapidly and efficiently, and not limit to and above-mentioned these data processing methods.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. method for anti-counterfeit that utilizes RFID electromagnetic signal otherness, it may further comprise the steps:
A, send instruction to RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified, and receive the signal of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag feedback;
B, the signal that receives is carried out the identification of electromagnetic signal physical features, obtain recognition feature;
C, recognition feature is carried out pattern-recognition, judge the true and false of this RFID;
Described step B also comprises:
B11, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B12, the time-domain signal after extracting is carried out Fourier transform, to obtain spectrum signature.
2. method for anti-counterfeit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step B also comprises:
B21, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B22, time-domain signal is carried out the Cyclic Spectrum mode process, obtain Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
3. method for anti-counterfeit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step B also comprises:
B31, the signal that receives is carried out time-domain signal extract;
B32, this time-domain signal is carried out ambiguity function kernel function mode process, obtain ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag.
4. according to claim 1 to 3 arbitrary described method for anti-counterfeit, it is characterized in that described time-domain signal comprises: one or more in the instantaneous envelope of radiation source carrier frequency and signal of communication, instantaneous frequency, the instantaneous phase.
5. according to claim 1 to 3 arbitrary described method for anti-counterfeit, it is characterized in that, described step C also comprises: the process of described pattern-recognition also comprises utilizes algorithm for pattern recognition to carry out, and described algorithm for pattern recognition comprises that employing svm classifier device, neural network, cluster or Hidden Markov Model (HMM) method realize.
6. one kind is utilized RFID electromagnetic signal otherness to realize false proof system, it is characterized in that, comprising:
One property data base that sets in advance is used for the storage recognition feature;
One RFID reader unit is used for that RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag to be identified is carried out instruction and sends, and receives the signal of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag feedback;
One electromagnetic signal physical features identification module is used for the signal of feedback is processed, and obtains recognition feature;
Described processing is the signal that receives to be carried out time-domain signal extract;
Time-domain signal after extracting is carried out Fourier transform, to obtain spectrum signature;
Comprise that also time-domain signal is carried out the Cyclic Spectrum mode to be processed, obtain Cyclic Spectrum zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag;
Comprise that also this time-domain signal is carried out ambiguity function kernel function mode to be processed, obtain ambiguity function kernel function zero slice feature of this RFID radio-frequency (RF) tag;
One pattern recognition module is used for the recognition feature that will obtain and compares with the storage data of described property data base after by pattern-recognition, and judges the true and false of this RFID.
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| CN102346837A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-02-08 | 刘述江 | Long-life anti-counterfeiting method |
| KR20180090995A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-08-14 | 소니 주식회사 | Information processing system, information processing apparatus and information processing method |
| CN107045617B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2020-01-21 | 陕西科技大学 | Device and method for identifying authenticity of IC card |
| CN112884859B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2023-12-26 | 创新先进技术有限公司 | Anti-fake image generation and identification method and device and computer storage medium |
| CN107416920B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2024-01-12 | 厦门致联科技有限公司 | Multipath anti-counterfeiting system of water purifier |
| CN110321742B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for detecting electronic tag |
| US10416602B1 (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-09-17 | Lexmark International, Inc. | System and methods for detecting non-authentic slave components using clock frequency changes |
| CN109919015A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-06-21 | 东南大学 | A kind of radio-frequency fingerprint extraction and recognition methods based on more sampling convolutional neural networks |
| CN111753933B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-01-05 | 珠海晶通科技有限公司 | Chip anti-transfer detection method of passive RFID tag, computer device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111144522B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-01-08 | 浙江大学 | Power grid NFC equipment fingerprint authentication method based on hardware intrinsic difference |
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| US7023342B2 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2006-04-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Continuous wave (CW)—fixed multiple frequency triggered, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and system and method employing same |
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