CN102042030A - Construction tunnel safety protection method based on wireless sensor network and a monitoring system thereof - Google Patents
Construction tunnel safety protection method based on wireless sensor network and a monitoring system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of construction safety monitoring and wireless communication and discloses a construction tunnel safety protection method based on a wireless sensor network and a monitoring system thereof. The method is as follows: by acquiring environment, work amount and locating data of personnel in a tunnel, realizing alarming services of six types of dangerous situations and corresponding safety protection means, calling a protection plan to take protection measures on key parts of the system when emergent (dangerous) events occur, and with the purpose of guaranteeing personal safety, releasing a control command. The system comprises a wireless sensor network based on industrial wireless communication standard WIA-PA, a positioning network and a mobile network. If the dangerous situation develops further, the system exchanges data with a remote mobile server by a 3G network, leads a community security system into the range of a construction tunnel safety protection system, and provides united rescue of communities and disaster control services. The invention is used for tunnel construction safety monitoring, and a computer or 3G mobile equipment can obtain construction site information at any time; and the installation of the WIA-PA wireless network is flexible, and the formed safety protection system and sensing early-warning network make contribution to solving the problem of tunnel safety construction fundamentally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to safety for tunnel engineering monitoring and wireless communication field, particularly a kind of tunnel safety means of defence and monitoring system based on sensor network.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid economy development, the building project in tunnel grows with each passing day, and safety for tunnel engineering and tunnel safety problems of operation seem more and more outstanding.Safety for tunnel engineering is a complicated system engineering, and middle any one link is not carried out all and may be led to huge accident.
At present, along with the progress of construction, the environment parameter of monitoring can constantly increase.If adopt wired monitoring means can have drawback: 1) wiring can be very complicated, increases the difficulty of construction, and line in tunnel is various, the possibility that can the increase accident takes place; 2) wired monitoring means can't well satisfy the increase of monitoring variable, and its use can increase engineering cost.In this case, project breaks away from wired constraint fully with a kind of, can realize being used for the construction tunnel monitoring from the wireless sensor network of main control and dynamic data management, gives full play to its unique advantage and realizes monitoring to the tunnel.Yet because the electromagnetic environment complexity of tunnel construction environment, the ZIGBEE short-range wireless communication protocol of main flow is widely used in indoor communications, but in the tunnel monitoring, lacks certainty real-time Communication for Power security mechanism.WIA-PA (Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation Process Automation) is the industry wireless network standard that is used for process automation that China formulates, exact time synchronization mechanism based on low expense, real-time Data Transmission mechanism and self-adapting frequency modulation mechanism are provided, have ensured the reliability of transmission range in the tunnel space.
Application for a patent for invention (200510071143.2) discloses " a kind of underground safety monitoring system based on sensor network, device and method ", design one and be adapted at realizing out, going under the coal mine well personnel work attendance, personnel and moving vehicle zone location, and can realize the fire damp density dynamic monitoring.
Application for a patent for invention (200710063697.7) discloses " a kind of coal mine down-hole personnel location and mash gas concentration dynamic monitoring method and system ", the method that design uses wire communication to combine with radio communication transfers to Master Control Center outside the tunnel with the data message and the mine personnel information of gathering.
Above-mentioned patent application do not consider disaster a situation arises down, the data link integrity problem of cordless communication network, and the dynamic monitoring system of gas density is link in the tunnel safety construction environment only, engineering construction now, flexibility and reliability to wireless sensor network disposition, and the diversity of field data and real-time, have higher requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction tunnel safety monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, this system can not only improve efficiency of construction, and can effectively reduce false dismissal, strengthen early warning, break through the restriction that the original system warning lags behind accident, reduce the influence that disaster or secondary disaster cause personnel.
A kind of construction tunnel safety protecting method based on wireless sensor network provided by the invention is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step (1) utilizes wireless senser to begin image data in construction tunnel, and different types of data is uploaded to Surveillance center according to predefined refresh cycle separately; The image data type is divided into environment parameter, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three classes;
Step (2) has judged whether that data surpass predefined secure threshold, if surpass, claims that then these data that surpass secure threshold are alert data, enters step (3), otherwise, change step (1) over to and continue to gather;
Step (3) is adjusted to the refresh cycle of all types data in 8 seconds, continue image data, to the alert data of gathering, carry out data filtering, if alert data departs from its average 5%-10%, then send the equipment of inspection abnormal state point and the notice of construction operation situation, and enter step (4), otherwise change step (1) over to;
Step (4) starts the security evaluation service, and its detailed process is:
(4.1) choose the alert data of nearest a period of time t, draw the alert data change trend curve, the initial value of t is made as T, and T is the size of predefined unit time;
(4.2) judge whether the variation tendency of alert data change trend curve is obvious, if enter step (5), otherwise, enter step (4.3);
(4.3) judge t whether more than or equal to predefined security evaluation time threshold, if there is not potential safety hazard in expression, enters step (1), otherwise makes t=t+T, changes step (4.1) over to;
Step (5) is carried out correlation calculations according to the data relationship model, obtains the comprehensive probability of the alert event type generation of alert data correspondence, enters step (6);
Step (6) is according to the comprehensive probability of alert event type, the alarm level that inquiry is corresponding, take corresponding preventive means after, go to step (7),
Step (7) judges whether accident situation spreads, if go to step (8); Otherwise, go to step (9);
Step (8) monitoring system starts community's interlock service, changes step (9) over to;
Step (9) judges whether that the image data in the monitoring means of the warning that occurs finally falls back in the secure threshold scope, if then go to step (1) and continue data acquisition; Otherwise, going to step (7), the tracking accident spreads situation.
Realize system for carrying out said process comprise near be positioned at the construction tunnel mouth a kind of Surveillance center, away from the rescue command center of construction tunnel be positioned at a plurality of monitoring units in tunnel;
Surveillance center's be responsible for collecting various types of data of gathering from monitoring unit provides Man Machine Interface, receives the control command of on-the-spot actuator, sends in each monitoring unit; Spread in accident, start under the situation of community's interlock service, Surveillance center and rescue command center realize that field data is synchronous in real time;
The database data from Surveillance center is responsible for receiving and handle in the rescue command center, and the terminal use of the interface of mandate to different departments is provided, by mobile telecommunication network, according to synchronous field data, to Surveillance center's sending controling instruction;
Each monitoring unit is divided into the tunnel guarded region of identical size, compile environment parameter in this zone, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three class data by gateway node in each monitoring unit, be uploaded to Surveillance center, receive control command and network configuration information simultaneously, be forwarded in the node corresponding from Surveillance center.
The present invention has overcome the problem of tunnel monitoring system existence in the past, specifies as follows:
The one, the safety for tunnel engineering means of defence has been realized the combination of local security protection and community's interlock service, changed the situation of original wireless system " only prison is not controlled ", for site plant (as, PLC) provide controlled in wireless and access function based on WIA-PA and mobile network's standard.
The 2nd, monitoring system has realized tunnel monitoring scheduling, environment parameter and the engineering quantity monitoring and the personnel positioning function of networking and synthesization, and cooperation decision-assisting analysis function, break through system's dispersion in the similar in the past patent, the limited problem of the monitoring system that information is single.
The 3rd, on the sensing network node hardware platform of monitoring system, adopt the modular universal Interface design, support the realization of different sensors task, adopt the wireless industrial standard WIA-PA of China on the communication protocol, compare traditional Z IGBEE sensing network, all have on reliability and the real-time greatly and improve.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of safety for tunnel engineering means of defence figure;
Fig. 2 is the data relationship illustraton of model that is used to implement the safety for tunnel engineering means of defence;
Fig. 3 is monitoring system overall structure figure;
Fig. 4 is a sensor network nodes general hardware platform structure chart;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail, be to be noted that described embodiment only is intended to be convenient to the understanding of the present invention, and it is not played any qualification effect.
As shown in Figure 1, set up a kind of safety for tunnel engineering means of defence, near tunnel portal, set up Surveillance center, away from the construction tunnel position, with county (district) is that least unit is set up the rescue command center, by the security protection system of layering, ensure the personal security of construction tunnel, prevent the accident hazard diffusion.Concrete steps are as follows:
Step (1) wireless sensor network begins image data in construction tunnel, different types of data is uploaded to Surveillance center according to separately refresh cycle.According to " highway tunnel construction technical specification " requirement, the image data type is divided into environment parameter, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three classes, and the environment parameter data comprise temperature, humidity, wind speed, gutter water level, illumination, noise, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, smog, dust; The engineering quantity data comprise ground motion acceleration and the ground settlement amount in the tunnel excavation process; The personnel positioning data refer to be worn on the staff in tunnel real time position coordinate of node on one's body.The refresh cycle of image data, can freely set according to construction environment, as shown in table 1, provide the environment parameter of embodiment subway construction section and the refresh cycle setting situation of engineering quantity data.
Step (2) judges whether that data surpass the secure threshold of setting, if data surpass, claims that then these data that surpass secure threshold are alert data, enters step (3), otherwise, change step (1) over to and continue to gather.Each image data all has its secure threshold, this secure threshold is according to constructing tunnel related specifications and similar engineering experience in the past, before system's operation, pre-determine, for example, with reference to " highway tunnel construction technical specification ", " the traffic tunnel engineering " that Guan Baoshu chief editor's " tunnel construction---point set " and Peng Limin edit.As shown in table 1, provide the environment parameter of embodiment subway construction section and the secure threshold of engineering quantity data and set situation.
Step (3) is adjusted to the refresh cycle of all types data in the wireless sensor network in 8 seconds, continue image data, to the alert data of gathering, carry out data filtering, if alert data deviation average 5%-10% then sends the equipment of inspection abnormal state point and the notice of construction operation situation, and enter step (4), if alert data does not have deviation average 5%-10%, then go to step (1), carry out the normal data collection.Average refers to the average of the historical data in predefined a period of time of alert data (as 15 to 20 minutes).
Step (4) starts the security evaluation service, and its detailed process is:
(4.1) choose the alert data of nearest a period of time t (initial value of t is made as T), draw the alert data change trend curve; T is the size of unit time, by the user according to demand or experience set, be generally 60 minutes to 120 minutes.
(4.2) judge whether the variation tendency of alert data change trend curve obvious, promptly the data in section t computing time greatly-difference and the minimizing percentage of minimum, if, enter step (5) above certain amplitude (getting 5% to 10% usually); Otherwise, entered for (4.3) step;
(4.3) judge t whether more than or equal to predefined security evaluation time threshold, if there is not potential safety hazard in expression, enters step (1), otherwise makes t=t+T, changes step (4.1) over to; The security evaluation time threshold refers to be used to carry out predefined a period of time of alert data decision analysis, characterizes the upper limit of the needed historical data of security evaluation, and its size is generally 24 hours to 72 hours.
Step (5) is carried out correlation calculations according to the data relationship model, obtains the comprehensive probability of the alert event type generation of alert data correspondence, enters step (6).
The correlation calculations method, detailed process is as follows:
(5.1) set up the Expert Rules storehouse of all image data in advance.For example, rule can be used " with (AND) " and " or (OR) " relationship description, shape is as " IF wind speed＜lower limits of normal AND temperature＞normal value upper limit THEN fire alarm ", IF represents prerequisite, THEN represents conclusion, and this rule may be interpreted as: if air quantity is less than normal and temperature is bigger than normal then fire alarm may occur." the normal value upper limit " in the attention rule, the secure threshold in " lower limits of normal " reference table 1 are set, and can and adjust according to engineering experience study.
(5.2) correlation of the precondition that comprises in the analysis rule.With the fire alarm is example, and the correlation of precondition is defined as, and correspondence causes the conclusion of fire that a plurality of prerequisites are all arranged, if along with certain precondition probability increases, the fire alarm possibility increases, and then represents this prerequisite and the positive correlation of fire alarm conclusion, otherwise, represent this prerequisite and conclusion negative correlation.According to custom, be positively related describing mode with regular expression usually.Each image data causes the principle that the probability obedience of corresponding types warning is evenly distributed above the normal value upper limit (or lower limit), distribution is 1%-100%, the definition current time reaches the upper limit (or lower limit), and the image data in this moment causes that the probability of corresponding alert event is 1%; Surpass 10% of the upper limit (or lower limit) value and be defined as, the acquired data values in this moment will cause that the probability that corresponding alert event occurs is 100%.
(5.3), calculate the comprehensive probability of the pairing alert event of alert data according to alert data type and data relationship model thereof.Two computation rules that relate in the calculating of comprehensive probability are explained as follows:
Relation " with (AND) " rule is example explanation (IF a AND b THEN c) with the comprehensive probability of asking for the incident c generation that is caused by prerequisite incident a, b
P
c＝(1-(1-P
a)×(1-P
b))×100％
P in the following formula
a, P
b, P
cBe followed successively by the probability of incident a, b, c generation.
Relation " or (OR) " rule is example explanation (IF d OR e THEN f) with the comprehensive probability of asking for the incident f generation that is caused by prerequisite incident d, e
P
f＝(P
d+P
e)×100％
P in the following formula
d, P
e, P
fBe followed successively by the probability of incident d, e, f generation.
(5.3.1) judge whether alert data is a kind of in temperature, oxygen, smog and four kinds of data of carbon monoxide, if, calculate the comprehensive probability of fire alarm, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change (5.3.2) over to and judge alert data type this moment; The computational process of the comprehensive probability of fire alarm is as follows:
(5.3.1.1) judge whether wind speed is lower than lower limits of normal this moment,, send the notice of getting rid of fan trouble, wait for the normal back of wind speed (or receiving that the report blower fan is in the orderly closedown state), enter step (5.3.1.2) if be lower than lower limits of normal; Otherwise the wind speed image data is normal, directly enters step (5.3.1.2);
(5.3.1.2) according to current time, the probable value of temperature, oxygen, smog and carbon monoxide data, the comprehensive probability of calculating fire alarm changes step (6) over to.The fire alarm rule description is: " probability=(end value) of IF temperature＞normal value upper limit AND oxygen＜lower limits of normal AND smokescope＞normal value upper limit AND carbon monoxide＞normal value upper limit THEN fire alarm ", end value calculates by relation " with (AND) " formula.
(5.3.2) judge whether alert data is methane, a kind of in three kinds of data of carbon dioxide and dust, if, calculate the comprehensive probability that toxic and harmful is reported to the police, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change step (5.3.3) over to and judge alert data type this moment; The computational process of the alarm integrated probability of toxic and harmful is as follows:
(5.3.2.1) judge whether wind speed is lower than lower limits of normal,, send the notice of getting rid of fan trouble, wait for the normal back of wind speed (or receiving that the report blower fan is in the orderly closedown state), enter step (5.3.2.2) if be lower than lower limits of normal; Otherwise the wind speed image data is normal, directly enters step (5.3.2.2);
(5.3.2.2) judge noise whether surpass the normal value upper limit (as, 80dB),, send the notice of excavation point increasing wind speed and atomized water spray if surpass (illustrate that the tunnel is in the excavation state, excavator starts), enter step (5.3.2.2).If do not surpass, then go to (5.3.2.4).
(5.3.2.3) in predefined a period of time (getting usually 10 minutes to 15 minutes), methane, the alert data among carbon dioxide and the dust three does not descend, and then enters step (5.3.2.4), otherwise, change step (5.3.4) over to;
(5.3.2.4) according to current time, the warning probable value of methane, carbon dioxide and dust concentration is calculated the comprehensive probability that toxic and harmful is reported to the police, and according to warning probability maximum value among the three, provide corresponding toxic and harmful dangerous matter sources type, change step (6) over to.The toxic and harmful alarm rule is described as " probability=(end value) that IF methane＞normal value upper limit OR carbon dioxide＞normal value upper limit OR dust concentration＞normal value upper limit THEN toxic and harmful is reported to the police ".End value calculates by relation " or (OR) " formula.
(5.3.3) judge whether alert data is the gutter water level data, if, calculate the comprehensive probability that gushing water is reported to the police, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change step (5.3.4) over to and judge alert data type this moment; The computational process of the comprehensive probability that gutter water level is reported to the police is as follows:
(5.3.3.1) judge that if whether the ground settlement amount greater than the normal value upper limit, enters step (5.3.5) greater than the normal value upper limit this moment; Otherwise the wind speed image data is normal, directly enters step (5.3.1.2);
(5.3.3.2) according to current time, the warning probable value of water level and ground settlement value is calculated the comprehensive probability that gushing water is reported to the police, and changes step (6) over to.The gushing water alarm rule is described as: " probability=(end value) that IF ground settlement value＞lower limits of normal AND water level＞normal value upper limit THEN gushing water is reported to the police ", end value calculates by relation " with (AND) " formula.
(5.3.4) judge whether alert data is ground settlement value and acceleration of motion value, if, according to current time, the warning probable value of ground settlement value and ground motion acceleration, calculate the comprehensive probability of the comprehensive probability of rock (soil) layer unusual fluctuation warning, after obtaining comprehensive probability, change step (6) over to; The rule that the unusual fluctuation of rock (soil) layer reported to the police: " probability=(end value) that IF ground settlement value＞normal value upper limit OR ground motion acceleration＞normal value upper limit THEN gushing water is reported to the police ", end value calculates by relation " with (OR) " formula.Otherwise, change step (5.3.5) over to and judge alert data type this moment.
(5.3.5) the current constructor's of judgement position coordinates; if do not stipulating its responsibility working region (entering the electric fixtures protection zone) as unauthorized; perhaps be in fire, toxic and harmful, gushing water or rock-soil layer unusual fluctuation alarm region, then send and enter the deathtrap warning.Otherwise, change step (5.3.6) over to and judge alert data type this moment.The type is reported to the police and be need not to carry out comprehensive probability calculation.
(5.3.6) whether the intensity of illumination of judging construction monitoring point satisfies the construction operation requirement, if surpass the safety value upper limit, produces the lighting apparatus abnormal alarm.Otherwise, change step (5.3.1) over to and judge alert data type this moment.The type is reported to the police and be need not to carry out comprehensive probability calculation.
Step (6) is inquired about corresponding alarm level according to the comprehensive probability of alert event type, and the security protection action of the corresponding alarm level that provides in the execution list 2 goes to step (7), and this process is called safety operation.As shown in table 2, alarm level is divided into four ranks: 1 grade (having hidden danger), 2 grades (dangerous processing), 3 grades (urgent danger prevention) and 4 grades (disaster assistance), the security protection means that the corresponding type of alarm of each grade is taked see Table each corresponding project of 2, wherein, each list item implication is to improve with alarm level to need the extra protection action that increases.For example, 4 grades of (disaster assistance) degree of protection are the highest, need describe on the protection action basis 1 grade, 2 grades and 3 grades, increase to start community's interlock service (this service describing as step 8 as described in).
Step (7) judges whether accident situation spreads, and its process is as follows:
(7.1) in advance the tunnel is divided into the continuous detection unit, all monitoring means are numbered, and make each monitoring means corresponding one by one with its numbering; It is cuboid that monitoring means can be set, and the length of cuboid is got 30 meters-50 meters, widely gets 1 meter-2 meters;
(7.2) shorten the alert data Refresh Data cycle place and adjacent monitoring means to 8s, and begin to draw the real time data curve, to 60 minutes-120 minutes ends drawing;
(7.3) adopt the described process of step (3), judge whether the adjacent monitoring means of alert data origination point new alert data occurs, if, then for accident situation spreads, go to step (8); Otherwise, go to step (9).
Step (8): monitoring system starts community's interlock service, changes step (9) over to.Community's interlock service refers to set up communication link in the heart in the Surveillance center and long-range rescue command at the scene, the scene of the accident, real-time Transmission tunnel information, the information content comprises alarm range, alarm level, alert data, inflammable and explosive point device state and control instruction, and the Call for assistance that sends to medical treatment, traffic and fire department.
Step (9): judge whether that the image data in the monitoring means of the warning that occurs finally falls back in the secure threshold scope, if then go to step (1) and continue data acquisition; Otherwise, going to step (7), the tracking accident spreads situation.
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention is based on the construction tunnel safety monitoring system of wireless sensor network, this system is used to implement above-mentioned safety protecting method.Comprise near be positioned at the construction tunnel mouth Surveillance center 1, away from the rescue command center 2 of construction tunnel and be positioned at the tunnel monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 ..., 3.m three parts, m is positive integer (m＜256), the number of expression monitoring unit.
Surveillance center 1 be responsible for collecting from monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 ..., the 3.m various types of data of gathering, Man Machine Interface is provided, receive the control command of on-the-spot actuator, send to monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 ..., among the 3.m; Spread in accident, start under the situation of community's interlock service, Surveillance center 1 realizes that with rescue command center 2 field data is synchronous in real time, cooperates the emergency management and rescue action to carry out smoothly.
The rescue command center 2 responsible database datas that receive and handle from Surveillance center 1, and the terminal use of the interface of mandate to different departments is provided, by mobile telecommunication network, according to synchronous field data, to Surveillance center's 1 sending controling instruction.
Monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 ..., 3.m is divided into the tunnel guarded region of identical size, compile environment parameter in this zone, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three class data by gateway node in each monitoring unit, be uploaded to Surveillance center 1, receive control command and network configuration information simultaneously, be forwarded in the node corresponding from Surveillance center 1.
Surveillance center 1 comprises decision support engine 1.1, supervisory user platform 1.2 and Mobile Server 1.3.
Decision support engine 1.1 mainly is responsible for data filterings and alert data is carried out security evaluation, by with supervisory user platform 1.2 in database interface, read alert data, according to the data relationship model of storing in advance, carry out the comprehensive probability calculation of alert event type, according to corresponding alarm level, the safety operation means with comprehensive probability calculation result and recommendation send to supervisory user platform 1.2.
Supervisory user platform 1.2 main charge tunnel construction monitoring system managers and user's login comprises authentication module, interactive interface module, WIA-PA network management module, DBM and five major function assemblies of Mobile Server link block.Authentication module is according to the authority that sets in advance, allow system manager, network manager and three kinds of other logins of level of casual user, the system manager has the attribute that database, WIA-PA network and mobile network were checked and revised to authority, the network manager does not revise the authority of database, casual user's authority without any the modification authority.The adding of each node and off-line management in the real-time demonstration of the various image data of interactive interface module support monitoring unit, tendency chart drafting, personnel positioning, electronic map, the monitoring unit.The WIA-PA network management module, the data that each gateway node is sent up, carry out the application type grouping, and the duty of the monitoring unit of coordination gateway control, classification is stored in the DBM and is preserved, if image data surpasses secure threshold, sends to decision support engine 1.1, receive the operational order of the controller node of decision support engine 1.1 transmissions, packing sends in the monitoring unit of WIA-PA networking correspondence.DBM is finished the storage of image data, inquiry and printing function, and reception is from the various types of networks configuration-direct of interactive module, as read network ID number, read the key that adds network, read the gateway MAC Address, read equipment main path information, read network equipment tabulation, connect gateway, connect Mobile Server, Mobile Server synchronization data types and authority are provided with sensor node and (refer to the data acquisition node in the following explanation, location node and controller node) Refresh Data rate etc., send to WIA-PA network management module and Mobile Server link block after preserving the network attribute of upgrading.The Mobile Server link block is finished the synchronous of database and Mobile Server, and according to long-distance user's authority, configuration needs synchronous image data type and other constructing tunnel field data.
Mobile Server 1.3 is responsible for the communication link of foundation and maintenance and command centre 2, sends collection in worksite data and network state attribute to long-range mobile client, monitors the request function of client simultaneously, the data of receiving remote mobile client 2.1.
Rescue command center 2 comprises mobile client 2.1 and emergency management and rescue information sharing platform 2.2.
Mobile client 2.1 is made up of mobile phone or other mobile monitoring device, use GSM or 3G mobile network, reception is from the field data of Mobile Server 1.3, receive the log-on message and the control instruction of emergency management and rescue information sharing platform 2.2 simultaneously, send to the Mobile Server 1.3 of Surveillance center.Mobile client 2.1 is Mobile Server 1.3 interfaces that authorization mechanism control is arranged, and guarantees the database information (being field data) of supervisory user platform 1.2, offers emergency information shared platform 2.2 after encrypting.
Emergency management and rescue information sharing platform 2.2 is to realize the man-machine interaction inlet of on-the-spot unified rescue command decision-making of constructing tunnel and system remote control, receive the field data that mobile client 2.1 is encrypted, after classifying according to authorization mechanism, send in each login user (Functional Personnels' such as general director's room, fire-fighting, traffic, medical treatment, environmental protection) the monitoring interface and show, wait for the receiving remote operational order, as equipment open, close, add, delete, call out, make an announcement in the scene etc.
Monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 ..., comprise respectively among the 3.m gateway node 4.1,4.2 ..., 4.m, data acquisition node collection 5.1,5.2 ..., 5.m, location node collection 6.1,6.2 ..., 6.m, controller node collection 7.1,7.2 ..., 7.m.
Gateway node 4.1,4.2 ..., 4.m, as the data gateway of WIA-PA radio sensing network and Ethernet, finish the conversion between wireless message of WIA-PA and the Ethernet protocol message.Be responsible for the collection of environment parameter, engineering quantity and the personnel positioning data of a monitoring unit on the one hand, the data upload of collection is to Surveillance center 1; On the other hand, control or configuration order with Surveillance center 1 send to after the parsing in the node of appropriate address.
Data acquisition node collection 5.1,5.2 ..., 5.m, according to the pre-configured Refresh Data cycle, periodically environment parameter and engineering quantity data are sent in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately.
Location node collection 6.1,6.2 ..., 6.m, be divided into two classes, the mobile node that positioning anchor node and constructor wear, the actual geographical location information of positioning anchor node storage, and the periodic mobile node that enters in its radio-frequency region of seeking, establish a connection with it, send the mobile node that location coordinate information is worn to the constructor; Be worn on one's body the constructor, enter construction tunnel after, mobile node is sought the radiofrequency signal that the positioning anchor node sends, and receives coordinate information, utilizes two point location algorithms, calculating location result, and returning in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately.
Controller node collection 7.1,7.2 ..., 7.m is made of the wireless PLC controller that meets the WIA-PA standard, the PLC controller connects the various on-the-spot actuator in the monitoring unit separately, as blower fan, water pump etc., receive the control command that gateway node sends, control corresponding apparatus execution, and the feedback device state returns in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately.
As shown in Figure 4, the sensor network nodes general hardware platform is by modular compound mode, constitute monitoring unit 3.1,3.2 in the tunnel ..., all types of nodes of 3.m, comprise gateway node 4.1,4.2 ..., 4.m, data acquisition node collection 5.1,5.2 ..., 5.m, location node collection 6.1,6.2 ..., 6.m, controller node collection 7.1,7.2 ..., 7.m.
1) node administration module, radio-frequency communication module and battery/dc power module are as the basic module of WIA-PA network sensor node.In actual applications, basic module is the communication node nucleus module, and three assemblies are indispensable.
Node administration module: comprise central processing unit; memory cell and general Peripheral Interface module three parts; central processing unit is responsible for the data transaction service of WIA-PA procotol and other type application agreement; general Peripheral Interface module is made up of general purpose I/O interface; be configured to the specific function pattern during application; cell stores interface configuration information is supported power-off protector.
Radio-frequency communication module: comprise radio receiving transmitting module, power amplifier module and WIA-PA protocol processor module, radio receiving transmitting module is finished the modulation of physical signalling, and the power amplification mould is finished (as CC2591) by the power amplification chip, improves signal strength signal intensity, and transmission range, WIA-PA protocol processor module realizes the encapsulation and the parsing of WIA-PA protocol package, provides network clocking synchronous, the TDMA scheduling mechanism, network services such as route maintenance and urgent real-time data channel.
Battery/dc power module: support direct current DC and two kinds of power supply modes of battery, the management of the power supply dormancy awakening of each module of responsible node and the conversion of each chip voltage.
2) ethernet communication module, locating module, data acquisition module, the PLC interface module belongs to optional peripheral module.Basic module and any optional peripheral module, can constitute the WIA-PA sensor network nodes of a certain particular type, before disposing monitor network, need reshuffle at the application model and the general Peripheral Interface of definition of computer configuration node administration module.
Gateway node is made up of above-mentioned three basic modules and ethernet communication module.Data acquisition node is made up of above-mentioned three basic modules and data acquisition module.The location node collection is made up of above-mentioned three basic modules and locating module.Controller node is made up of above-mentioned three basic modules and PLC interface module.
Ethernet module: comprise Ethernet interface and Ethernet protocol processor, the Ethernet protocol processor docks with the node administration module, constitutes the WIA-PA gateway.The Ethernet data bag that Ethernet interface is received, by certain type industrial ethernet protocol processor (as EtherCAT slave station protocol controller chip), separate and be bundled into the application layer data frame, and, data are sent to the central processor unit of node administration module by general Peripheral Interface module (as, serial ports), central processor unit, be packaged into WIA-PA application layer object frame format and send to the WIA-PA protocol processor,, send in the sensor network by radio receiving transmitting module.On the contrary,, also in central processing unit, separate and contract out application data,, in the Ethernet protocol processor, be packaged into ethernet frame, return to Surveillance center by general Peripheral Interface module (as, serial ports) from the WIA-PA network data that radio receiving transmitting module is received.
Locating module: comprise radio frequency interface and TOF (Time of Flight) locating module, the TOF locating module docks with the node administration module, the mobile node that constitutes radio frequency positioning anchor node and worn by the constructor.Anchor node and mobile node have all been installed the TOF locating module, the TOF locating module adopts the JN5148 module of Britain JENNIC company, finish the distance measurement function of point-to-point by hardware, the data flow of similar above-mentioned Ethernet protocol processor, JN5148 is responsible for the result that finds range with TOF, be packaged into WIA-PA application layer object frame format and send to the WIA-PA protocol processor, send by radio receiving transmitting module.
Data acquisition module: comprise sensor and data processing module, data processing module docks with the node administration module, constitutes sensor node.Sensor assembly is gathered various types of environment and engineering quantity data, the data flow of similar above-mentioned Ethernet protocol processor, data processing module adopts the independent CPU element that calculates, be responsible for functions such as AD conversion, and sensing data is packaged into WIA-PA application layer object frame format sends to the WIA-PA protocol processor, send by radio receiving transmitting module.
The PLC interface module: comprise RS232 interface and PLC application layer protocol module, PLC application layer protocol module is docked controller node with the node administration module.The RS232 interface is used for PLC expansion man-machine interface, perhaps other serial data, the data flow of similar above-mentioned Ethernet protocol processor, receive the output port control instruction that control command resolves to PLC by wireless module on the one hand, on the other hand the PLC device status data is packaged into WIA-PA application layer object frame format and sends to the WIA-PA protocol processor, send by radio receiving transmitting module.
In the above-mentioned detailed specific embodiment, although invention has been described with preferred form with characteristic to a certain degree, but, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from its aim and scope, implement various obvious different embodiment of the present invention, be interpreted as, under the situation of the scope that does not depart from claim, invention is not limited to specific embodiment.
Table 1 embodiment subway construction section environment and engineering quantity monitoring parameter are set table
Annotate: g is an acceleration of gravity
Table 2 alarm level and protection action schedule
Claims (8)
1. the construction tunnel safety protecting method based on wireless sensor network is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step (1) utilizes wireless senser to begin image data in construction tunnel, and different types of data is uploaded to Surveillance center according to predefined refresh cycle separately; The image data type is divided into environment parameter, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three classes;
Step (2) has judged whether that data surpass predefined secure threshold, if surpass, claims that then these data that surpass secure threshold are alert data, enters step (3), otherwise, change step (1) over to and continue to gather;
Step (3) is adjusted to the refresh cycle of all types data in 8 seconds, continue image data, to the alert data of gathering, carry out data filtering, if alert data departs from its average 5%-10%, then send the equipment of inspection abnormal state point and the notice of construction operation situation, and enter step (4), otherwise change step (1) over to;
Step (4) starts the security evaluation service, and its detailed process is:
(4.1) choose the alert data of nearest a period of time t, draw the alert data change trend curve, the initial value of t is made as T, and T is the size of predefined unit time;
(4.2) judge whether the variation tendency of alert data change trend curve is obvious, if enter step (5), otherwise, enter step (4.3);
(4.3) judge t whether more than or equal to predefined security evaluation time threshold, if there is not potential safety hazard in expression, enters step (1), otherwise makes t=t+T, changes step (4.1) over to;
Step (5) is carried out correlation calculations according to the data relationship model, obtains the comprehensive probability of the alert event type generation of alert data correspondence, enters step (6);
Step (6) is according to the comprehensive probability of alert event type, the alarm level that inquiry is corresponding, take corresponding preventive means after, go to step (7),
Step (7) judges whether accident situation spreads, if go to step (8); Otherwise, go to step (9);
Step (8) monitoring system starts community's interlock service, changes step (9) over to;
Step (9) judges whether that the image data in the monitoring means of the warning that occurs finally falls back in the secure threshold scope, if then go to step (1) and continue data acquisition; Otherwise, going to step (7), the tracking accident spreads situation.
2. the construction tunnel safety protecting method based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step (5) comprises following process:
(5.1) set up the Expert Rules storehouse of all image data in advance;
(5.2) correlation of the precondition that comprises in the analysis rule;
(5.3), calculate the comprehensive probability of the pairing alert event of alert data according to alert data type and data relationship model thereof.
3. the construction tunnel safety protecting method based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the step (5.3),
Two computation rules that relate in the calculating of comprehensive probability are explained as follows:
Relation " with (AND) " rule is example explanation (IF a AND b THEN c) with the comprehensive probability of asking for the incident c generation that is caused by prerequisite incident a, b
P
c＝(1-(1-P
a)×(1-P
b))×100％
P in the following formula
a, P
b, P
cBe followed successively by the probability of incident a, b, c generation;
Relation " or (OR) " rule is example explanation (IF d OR e THEN f) with the comprehensive probability of asking for the incident f generation that is caused by prerequisite incident d, e
P
f＝(P
d+P
e)×100％
P in the following formula
d, P
e, P
fBe followed successively by the probability of incident d, e, f generation;
(5.3.1) judge whether alert data is a kind of in temperature, oxygen, smog and four kinds of data of carbon monoxide, if, calculate the comprehensive probability of fire alarm, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change (5.3.2) over to and judge alert data type this moment;
(5.3.2) judge whether alert data is methane, a kind of in three kinds of data of carbon dioxide and dust, if, calculate the comprehensive probability that toxic and harmful is reported to the police, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change step (5.3.3) over to and judge alert data type this moment;
(5.3.3) judge whether alert data is the gutter water level data, if, calculate the comprehensive probability that gushing water is reported to the police, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change step (5.3.4) over to and judge alert data type this moment;
(5.3.4) judge whether alert data is ground settlement value and acceleration of motion value, if, according to current time, the warning probable value of ground settlement value and ground motion acceleration, calculate the comprehensive probability of the comprehensive probability that the rock-soil layer unusual fluctuation reports to the police, obtain comprehensive probability after, change step (6) over to; Otherwise, change step (5.3.5) over to and judge alert data type this moment;
(5.3.5) the current constructor's of judgement position coordinates, if do not stipulating its responsibility working region, perhaps be in fire, toxic and harmful, gushing water or rock-soil layer unusual fluctuation alarm region, then send and enter the deathtrap warning, otherwise, change step (5.3.6) over to and judge alert data type this moment;
(5.3.6) whether the intensity of illumination of judging construction monitoring point satisfies the construction operation requirement, if surpass the safety value upper limit, produces the lighting apparatus abnormal alarm; Otherwise, change step (5.3.1) over to and judge alert data type this moment.
4. the construction tunnel safety protecting method based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (7), judges according to following process whether accident situation spreads:
(7.1) in advance the tunnel is divided into the continuous detection unit, all monitoring means are numbered, and make each monitoring means corresponding one by one with its numbering;
(7.2) shorten the alert data Refresh Data cycle place and adjacent monitoring means to 8s, and begin to draw the real time data curve, to 60 minutes-120 minutes ends drawing;
(7.3) adopt the described process of step (3), judge whether the adjacent monitoring means of alert data origination point new alert data occurs, if, then for accident situation spreads, go to step (8); Otherwise, go to step (9).
5. a system that realizes the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that, this system comprises near be positioned at the construction tunnel mouth a kind of Surveillance center, away from the rescue command center of construction tunnel be positioned at a plurality of monitoring units in tunnel;
Surveillance center's be responsible for collecting various types of data of gathering from monitoring unit provides Man Machine Interface, receives the control command of on-the-spot actuator, sends in each monitoring unit; Spread in accident, start under the situation of community's interlock service, Surveillance center and rescue command center realize that field data is synchronous in real time;
The database data from Surveillance center is responsible for receiving and handle in the rescue command center, and the terminal use of the interface of mandate to different departments is provided, by mobile telecommunication network, according to synchronous field data, to Surveillance center's sending controling instruction;
Each monitoring unit is divided into the tunnel guarded region of identical size, compile environment parameter in this zone, engineering quantity and personnel positioning three class data by gateway node in each monitoring unit, be uploaded to Surveillance center, receive control command and network configuration information simultaneously, be forwarded in the node corresponding from Surveillance center.
6. system according to claim 5 is characterized in that Surveillance center comprises decision support engine, supervisory user platform and Mobile Server;
The decision support engine mainly is responsible for data filtering and alert data is carried out security evaluation, by with the supervisory user platform in database interface, read alert data, according to the data relationship model of storing in advance, carry out the comprehensive probability calculation of alert event type, according to corresponding alarm level, the safety operation means with comprehensive probability calculation result and recommendation send to the supervisory user platform;
Supervisory user platform main charge tunnel construction monitoring system manager and user's login;
Mobile Server is responsible for setting up and the communication link of maintenance and command centre, send collection in worksite data and network state attribute to long-range mobile client, monitor the request function of client simultaneously, the control signal of receiving remote commanding log-on message and tunnel field node.
7. system according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the rescue command center comprises mobile client and emergency management and rescue information sharing platform;
Mobile client uses the mobile network to receive the field data of serving from moving, and receives the log-on message and the control instruction of emergency management and rescue information sharing platform simultaneously, sends to the Mobile Server of Surveillance center; Mobile client is the Mobile Server interface that authorization mechanism control is arranged, and guarantees the database information of supervisory user platform, offers the emergency information shared platform after encrypting;
The emergency management and rescue information sharing platform is as the man-machine interaction inlet of realizing on-the-spot unified rescue command decision-making of constructing tunnel and system remote control, receive the field data that mobile client is encrypted, after classifying according to authorization mechanism, send to each login user, wait for the receiving remote operational order.
8. system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, includes gateway node in each monitoring unit respectively, data acquisition node collection, location node collection, controller node collection;
Gateway node is finished the conversion between wireless message and the Ethernet protocol message as the data gateway of radio sensing network and Ethernet; Be responsible for the collection of environment parameter, engineering quantity and the personnel positioning data of a monitoring unit on the one hand, the data upload of collection is to Surveillance center; On the other hand, with the control or the configuration order of Surveillance center, send to after the parsing in the node of appropriate address;
The data acquisition node collection is according to the pre-configured Refresh Data cycle, periodically environment parameter and engineering quantity data sent in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately;
The location node collection is divided into two classes, positioning anchor node and mobile node, and the actual geographical location information of positioning anchor node storage, and the periodic mobile node that enters in its radio-frequency region of seeking establish a connection with it, send location coordinate information to mobile node; Mobile node is sought the radiofrequency signal that the positioning anchor node sends, and receives coordinate information, the calculating location result, and return in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately;
The controller node collection receives the control command that gateway node sends, control corresponding apparatus execution, and the feedback device state returns in the gateway node of monitoring unit separately.
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