CN101872039A - 4*4 non-blocking optical router based on active micro-ring resonator - Google Patents
4*4 non-blocking optical router based on active micro-ring resonator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 4*4 non-blocking optical router based on an active micro-ring resonator. The optical router comprises four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1*2 optical switches and four crossed waveguide micro-ring resonator 1*2 optical switches, wherein the four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1*2 optical switches are connected to the four crossed waveguide micro-ring resonator 1*2 optical switches, so that the optical router comprises only four input terminals and four output terminals, and each waveguide corresponding to the component is sequentially coupled with four micro-ring resonators from the input terminals to the output terminals, wherein two micro-ring resonators are used for downloading the optical signals at the input terminals of the waveguides to the output terminals of the other two waveguides; and the other two micro-ring resonators are used for uploading the optical signals at the input terminals of the two waveguides to the output terminals corresponding to the waveguides, thus achieving the non-blocking router switch among four two-way communication ports.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates on sheet, realize in the optical network system switching technique field that route is switched between multiport, particularly a kind of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator.
Background technology
Last century the eighties, people such as R.A.Soref have opened up silicon based photon and have learned this sheet frontier.Because it has higher restriction to light transmission the big refractive index official post of silicon waveguide, not only waveguide cross-sectional dimensions can drop to the sub-wavelength magnitude, and allows the very little waveguide bend of curvature.Device integrated aspect, the silicon based photon device has very big advantage undoubtedly.Secondly, the technology of making the silica-based waveguides device is compatible mutually with traditional CMOS technology, so both can utilize ripe processing technology, can realize easily that again waveguide device is integrated with mixing of microelectronic component.
Along with improving constantly of semiconductor micro-nano process technology and integrated technology, silicon based photon is learned and is just being obtained to develop unusually fast.At present, be verified based on silica-based various micro-nano photoelectric devices, and improving constantly performance.These photoelectric devices mainly comprise: silicon substrate laser, silicon-based electro-optical modulator, silicon based opto-electronics detector and various passive device based on the silicon waveguide.
In various devices based on waveguide, micro-ring resonator is a kind of very special device.Micro-ring resonator not only can be made wave filter, and little ring of introducing Tuning mechanism can also be done photoswitch, modulator.As elementary cell, people have also made up complicated more function element with micro-ring resonator, as the light top and bottom path add-drop multiplexer in the optical communication system (Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer, OADM), biology sensor, optical logic gate or the like.We can say that the silicon photon technology is becoming a kind of ripe and practical more technology.Under such background, people begin to seek the scheme that solves variety of issue from the silicon photon technology.
The development of computing machine at present begins to rely on the parallel of a plurality of processors, rather than the raising of little processing dominant frequency improves performance.The stagnation of microprocessor computing velocity, most important reason are the bottleneck restrictions of electrical interconnection, and same reason is also more and more limiting the lifting of parallel system performance.The bottleneck of electrical interconnection comprises: limit on transmission bandwidth, and clock skew, power consumption is big, is unfavorable for parallel computation.Silica-based light interconnection utilizes the media of photon as information transmission, has overcome the as above restriction of electrical interconnection, and also compatible on the technology.No matter the scheme of silica-based light interconnection is from technical standpoint, or angle of practical application all has good prospect.Photoswitch is as the Primary Component of light interconnection, and its importance is self-evident.The present invention has provided a kind of array of photoswitch based on micro-ring resonator, can realize that the clog-free route between four two-way communication ports is switched.Optical router is undoubtedly the key node device of optical-fiber network on the sheet, can make up the optical information transmission plan on the sheet or between sheet based on this.
Specific to optical router, two kinds of schemes have been arranged at present based on little ring.A kind of no source router that is based on the wavelength route, its Route Selection is determined by the wavelength of the light signal that input end provides, such as crossbar fabric; Another kind is based on the switching mode router of active micro-ring, generally controls as route with electric signal.The maximum of this two classes router is not both, and the former fixes at the connection status of communication line, and the connection status of latter's communication line then can be according to real work situation dynamic-configuration.
The clog-free router that the present invention provides belongs to second kind, and this scheme can realize the dilatation of communication when not increasing power consumption by WDM technology.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator, utilize the switching characteristic of active micro-ring resonator to specific wavelength, combination by micro-ring resonator realizes that clog-free route is switched between four bidirectional ports, utilizes the periodical filtering characteristic of micro-ring resonator can enlarge the information throughput of device simultaneously.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator, comprise four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches and four crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches, described four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches are connected in described four crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches, make this router only comprise four input ports and four output ports, and from the input end to the output terminal, be coupled with four micro-ring resonators successively corresponding to every in device waveguide, wherein two micro-ring resonators are used for the light signal of this waveguide input end is downloaded to the output terminal of two other waveguide, two other micro-ring resonator is used for the light signal of two waveguide input ends noted earlier is uploaded to the output terminal of this waveguide correspondence, thereby realizes the complete clog-free route switching between four two-way communication ports.
In the such scheme, described micro-ring resonator all has identical radius.
In the such scheme, this router adopts single wavelength or the work of WDM multi-wavelength signals, by the input port of input router after the multipath light signal of the free spectral limit in interval is multiplexing.
In the such scheme, this router adopts the photoelectron integrated technology, micro-ring resonant type photoswitch is integrated into realizes 4 * 4 clog-free optical routing functions on the same chip.
In the such scheme, the resonance wavelength by the control micro-ring resonator realizes the switching function to operation wavelength, thereby the light signal of a certain input port is downloaded to the output port of appointment.
In the such scheme, can carry out the complete clog-free routing to communicate on the spatial sense between described four two-way communication ports, the synchronization input port can be worked simultaneously with the neither identical communication line of output port, thereby improves the work efficiency of router.
In the such scheme, the input and output of described same port are in position adjacent on space distribution, arrange like this and are convenient to the cascade of a plurality of routers, thereby make up more massive network-on-chip.
(3) beneficial effect
From technique scheme as can be seen, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, this 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers provided by the invention based on active micro-ring resonator, utilize the switching characteristic of active micro-ring resonator to specific wavelength, combination by micro-ring resonator has realized that clog-free route is switched between four bidirectional ports, utilizes the periodical filtering characteristic of micro-ring resonator to enlarge the information throughput of device simultaneously.
2, especially, owing to adopt the parallel ring structure as far as possible, the number of crossovers that this router uses in the similar router of scale is minimum, thereby reduced the insertion loss of device, and then can reduce power consumption, and improve the power equalization of different circuits, increase the extensibility of device.
3, especially, utilize this 4 * 4 non-blocking optical router, can make up exchange network on the sheet of Mesh structure easily, thereby form powerful photon information transmission system as basic switching building.
Description of drawings
In order more clearly to describe the principle of work of this invention, we provide following crucial legend:
Fig. 1 a is parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitch " pass " view;
Fig. 1 b is that parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitch " is opened " view;
Fig. 1 c is crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitch " pass " view;
Fig. 1 d is that crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitch " is opened " view;
Fig. 2 is the periodical filtering characteristic synoptic diagram of micro-ring resonator;
Fig. 3 is based on the structural representation of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers of active micro-ring resonator;
Fig. 4 is based on the duty example of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers of active micro-ring resonator.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
The present invention is specifically related to utilize the switching characteristic and the periodical filtering characteristic of tunable micro-ring resonator, a plurality of little ring-like photoswitches is carried out the two dimension of certain rule and arranges, and realizes having 4 * 4 optical routers of the clog-free routing function of complete space.
Describe structure of the present invention and principle in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 1～4:
Little rings all in the router that the present invention provides all have identical radius, but comprise two kinds of different micro-ring resonator structures, i.e. crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator shown in parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator shown in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c and Fig. 1 d.The micro-ring resonator photoswitch constitutes by two perpendicular or parallel waveguides and with disc waveguide that these two optical waveguides all are coupled.When the T1 end input wavelength from a wherein waveguide is λ
0Light signal the time, if micro-ring resonator is at λ
0Locate not resonance (λ
Resonant≠ λ
0), then Shu Ru light signal is from the other end R of identical waveguide
2Directly output; If micro-ring resonator is at λ
0Resonance (the λ of place
Resonant=λ
0), then Shu Ru light signal can be through the port R of little ring from another waveguide
3Output.We are defined as " pass " state of switch with preceding a kind of state, shown in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b; A kind of state in back is defined as " opening " state, shown in Fig. 1 c and Fig. 1 d.The resonance wavelength of micro-ring resonator can be by route control signal dynamic-configuration, thereby realizes 1 * 2 switching function.
More than we have illustrated the principle of work of micro-ring resonator under single wavelength input, the micro-ring resonator photoswitch also can adopt the input of WDM signal in fact, thereby can realize the dilatation of system.Figure 2 shows that the filtering characteristic of micro-ring resonator, can see that micro-ring resonator has periodic filter curve, the wavelength interval of adjacent harmonic peak be called free spectral limit (Free Spectral Range, FSR).As can be seen, the switching characteristic of micro-ring resonator and WDM technology are the nature compatibilities.When importing the WDM wavelength signals of a series of FSR of being separated by, micro-ring resonator can be realized the function to multichannel wavelength signals while switch.It should be noted that we only need change the input of router, and router itself and router algorithm thereof are not made any change, mean that the power consumption of router does not increase along with the dilatation of system yet.
The structural drawing that Fig. 3 is that the present invention provides based on 4 * 4 complete non-blocking optical routers of active micro-ring resonator.This router comprises four waveguides, eight micro-ring resonators, six waveguides intersections and 12 waveguide bends altogether.This structure has good symmetry, and every waveguide all is coupled with four little rings, and three bendings are all arranged.Fig. 4 has provided a duty of this router, optical waveguide among the figure shown in the dotted line and little ring show wherein have light signal to pass through, and have four communication lines as shown in Figure 4 and work simultaneously: promptly import 1 → output 4, input 2 → output 1, input 3 → output 2, input 4 → output 3.We see, input 1 is to output 4 and import 3 micro-ring resonators that do not have any one micro-ring resonator of process or a process to output 2 these two circuits and all be not in " pass " state; And import 2 to output 1 and import 4 to output 3 all only through a micro-ring resonator.
The input and output of same port do not need communication, so have 12 communication lines for 4 * 4 routers.As shown in table 1, we have provided 12 communication lines of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers and the corresponding relation of little ring.Wherein, have four communication lines and directly link to each other, promptly do not need through any one micro-ring resonator resonance (i.e. the communication line that " None " indicated in the table 1) by waveguide; And for other eight communication lines, all control by an independent little ring for every.A kind of so special device architecture can allow the neither identical communication line of synchronization input port and output port to work simultaneously (as four communication lines among Fig. 4), thereby improves the work efficiency of router.Four of maximum permissions of this router or three-line are worked simultaneously, and wherein four circuits combinations of working simultaneously have nine kinds, and the combination that maximum three-lines are worked simultaneously has eight kinds.
| Communication line | " open " ring of state |
| Input 1 → output 2 | ??R 1 |
| Input 1 → output 3 | ??R 2 |
| Input 1 → output 4 | ??None |
| Input 2 → output 1 | ??R 3 |
| Input 2 → output 3 | ??None |
| Input 2 → output 4 | ??R 4 |
| Input 3 → output 4 | ??R 5 |
| Input 3 → output 1 | ??R 6 |
| Input 3 → output 2 | ??None |
| Input 4 → output 3 | ??R 7 |
| Input 4 → output 2 | ??R 8 |
| Input 4 → output 1 | ??None |
Table 1 is the corresponding relation of 4 * 4 non-blocking optical router communication lines and little ring
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator, comprise four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches and four crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches, it is characterized in that: described four parallel waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches are connected in described four crossing waveguide micro-ring resonator 1 * 2 photoswitches, make this router only comprise four input ports and four output ports, and from the input end to the output terminal, be coupled with four micro-ring resonators successively corresponding to every in device waveguide, wherein two micro-ring resonators are used for the light signal of this waveguide input end is downloaded to the output terminal of two other waveguide, two other micro-ring resonator is used for the light signal of two waveguide input ends noted earlier is uploaded to the output terminal of this waveguide correspondence, thereby realizes the complete clog-free route switching between four two-way communication ports.
2. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1 is characterized in that described micro-ring resonator all has identical radius.
3. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this router adopts single wavelength or the work of WDM multi-wavelength signals, by the input port of input router after the multipath light signal of the free spectral limit in interval is multiplexing.
4. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this router adopts the photoelectron integrated technology, micro-ring resonant type photoswitch is integrated into realizes 4 * 4 clog-free optical routing functions on the same chip.
5. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, resonance wavelength by the control micro-ring resonator realizes the switching function to operation wavelength, thereby the light signal of a certain input port is downloaded to the output port of appointment.
6. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, can carry out the complete clog-free routing to communicate on the spatial sense between described four two-way communication ports, the synchronization input port can be worked simultaneously with the neither identical communication line of output port, thereby improves the work efficiency of router.
7. 4 * 4 non-blocking optical routers based on active micro-ring resonator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the input and output of described same port are in position adjacent on space distribution.
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