Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, provide a kind of surface energy higher, and gold nano-crystal with substance twin structure, described gold nano-crystal is the extruding dodecahedron, the extruding dodecahedro is a kind of dodecahedron that Polish mathematician Steinhaus proposes in his works " Mathematical Snapshots ", English by name quashed dodecahedron, it be by 6 trapezoidal faces and 6 lozenges totally 12 faces constitute.Lozenge in the described extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal is monocrystalline (110) face, the equal substance twin of trapezoidal faces (110) face, and the lattice tension force that the twin defective causes can influence the valence energy level of gold nano-crystal, thus improve its catalytic performance.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method who pushes the dodecahedron gold nano-crystal, comprising:
A), with N, dinethylformamide adds and to be heated to 100 ℃~155 ℃ in the reaction vessel and to carry out backflow first time;
B), with the N of hydrochloro-auric acid, dinethylformamide solution splashes into the N after the backflow, in the dinethylformamide, reacts and carries out the second time at 100 ℃~150 ℃ and reflux;
C), solution becomes stopped reaction behind the glassy yellow in the reaction vessel, collects the gold nano-crystal precipitation.
Preferably, step a) is carried out in oil bath.
Preferably, the N that uses in the step a), the purity of dinethylformamide is not less than 99.5%.
Preferably, the N of hydrochloro-auric acid in the step b), the concentration of dinethylformamide solution be 17.76 mmoles/liter~17.82 mmoles/liter.
Preferably, reacting and carry out the temperature that refluxes the second time in the step b) is 120 ℃~150 ℃.
Preferably, step b) is carried out in oil bath.
Preferably, be provided with agitator in the described reaction vessel.
Preferably, with N, dinethylformamide also comprises before adding reaction vessel: described reaction vessel and agitator are carried out drying described in the step a).
Preferably, also comprise: gold nano-crystal precipitation washing after drying.
The invention provides a kind of extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal, because described crystal is made up of 6 trapezoidal faces and 6 lozenges, and lozenge is monocrystalline (110) face, trapezoidal faces is substance twin (110) face, plane of crystal can be higher, and the lattice tension force that the twin defective causes can influence the valence energy level of gold nano-crystal, and then further improves its catalytic performance.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal, and Zhi Bei extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal surface energy is higher according to the method described above, and catalytic performance is good.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just to further specifying the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal, the extruding dodecahedron is a kind of dodecahedron that Polish mathematician Steinhaus proposes in his works " Mathematical Snapshots ", English quashed dodecahedron by name, it be by 6 trapezoidal faces and 6 lozenges totally 12 faces constitute, referring to Fig. 1 to 3 for the extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal that the embodiment of the invention respectively provides is overlooked, side-looking and face sem photograph.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal, comprising:
With N, be heated to 100 ℃~155 ℃ in the dinethylformamide adding reaction vessel and carry out the backflow first time;
With the N of hydrochloro-auric acid, dinethylformamide solution splashes among the DMF (N, dinethylformamide) after the backflow, reacts and carries out the second time at 100 ℃~150 ℃ and reflux;
Solution becomes stopped reaction behind the glassy yellow in the reaction vessel, collects the gold nano-crystal precipitation.
According to the present invention, preferably purity is not less than 99.5% DMF and puts into round-bottomed flask, round-bottomed flask is put into oil bath pan to be warming up to 100 ℃~155 ℃ and to carry out refluxing the first time 8 minutes~12 minutes, in order to DMF solution is preheated to temperature of reaction, and prevent that DMF from volatilizing, can be method well known to those skilled in the art for the method that refluxes, there is no particular restriction to this in the present invention.According to the present invention, preferably in round-bottomed flask, set up agitator, reflux while stirring, DMF is heated evenly.Moisture water can promote oxygen dissolution, oxygen combines with the part chlorion and can carry out etching to the crystal seed that initial reaction stage forms, and then influences the crystal shape that finally makes, and is abundant in order to make moisture removal, preferably before DMF is put into round-bottomed flask, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
According to the present invention preferably be with concentration 17.76 mmoles/liter~the DMF solution of 17.82 mmoles/rise hydrochloro-auric acid splashes among the DMF after the backflow, reacts and carry out the second time at 100 ℃~155 ℃ and reflux.The purpose that refluxes is to prevent DMF volatilization in the reaction process for the second time.DMF in reaction be solvent be again reductive agent, and also have to promote generate the effect of (110) crystal face.Because the reducing power of DMF is relevant with temperature, temperature is high more, the reducing power of DMF is strong more, too high or too low for temperaturely all can the gold nano-crystal pattern of final system be impacted, preferably the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid is splashed among the DMF after the backflow according to the present invention, and react and carry out the second time at 120 ℃~150 ℃ and reflux.
Have precipitation to generate in the reaction process gradually, stopped reaction after the solution in the reaction vessel becomes glassy yellow is collected the gold nano-crystal precipitation.According to the present invention, the precipitation washing after drying that preferably will collect for washing and exsiccant method, all can be method well known to those skilled in the art, and there is no particular restriction to this in the present invention.
In order further to understand the present invention, extruding dodecahedron gold nanocrystals preparation provided by the invention is described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
2, adding 10 milliliters of purity in round-bottomed flask is 99.7% DMF, round-bottomed flask is put into 140 ℃ oil bath pan stirring and refluxing 10 minutes.
3, the DMF after refluxing drips 140 microlitres, 17.81 mmoles/rise the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 140 ℃ next time stream carry out.
4, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, and solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal.
5, drying is carried out at 120 ℃ in the gold nano-crystal washing back that step 4 is obtained, referring to the sem photograph of Fig. 4 for the gold nano-crystal of present embodiment preparation.
Be parallel to the transmission electron microscope picture of substrate copper mesh referring to Fig. 5 for the gold nano-crystal lozenge of present embodiment preparation, Fig. 6 be the high-resolution electron microscopy figure of lozenge among Fig. 5, and it is complete monocrystalline plane that dodecahedral lozenge is pushed in the lattice fringe explanation among Fig. 6.Fig. 7 is for to do the electron diffraction pattern that fourier transformation obtains to Fig. 6, and this diffraction pattern ownership is (011) zone axis of face-centered cubic crystal, therefore proves that this pushes dodecahedral lozenge is monocrystalline (110) face.
Referring to Fig. 8 for the gold nano-crystal of present embodiment preparation with lie low transmission electron microscope picture on the substrate copper mesh of its trapezoidal faces, shown in arrow among the figure, in the extruding dodecahedron, can see a twin boundary perpendicular to two parallel edges of trapezoidal faces.Referring to Fig. 9 is the high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure in the twin zone of institute's mark among Fig. 8, can be clearly seen that the symmetric lattice fringe of two arrangement of mirrors faces along twining plane from figure.For being done fourier transformation, twin zone among Fig. 9 obtains two groups of symmetric diffraction patterns referring to Figure 10, Figure 11 is the fourier transformation diffraction pattern to twining plane top crystal region among Fig. 9, Figure 12 is the fourier transformation diffraction pattern to twining plane below crystal region among Fig. 9, two groups of symmetric diffraction patterns are consistent with the fourier transformation diffraction pattern of the crystal region of twining plane above and below respectively among Figure 10, and can belong to (011) zone axis, therefore prove that the nanocrystalline trapezoidal faces of this extruding dodecahedron is substance twin (a 110) face for face-centered cubic crystal.
Embodiment 2
1,9.5 milliliters of purity that add in round-bottomed flask are 99.6% DMF, and the oil bath pan of round-bottomed flask being put into 105 ℃ refluxed 10 minutes.
2, the DMF after refluxing drips 103 microlitres, 17.80 mmoles/rise the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 105 ℃ next time stream carry out.
3, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal, referring to the sem photograph of Figure 13 for the gold nano-crystal of present embodiment preparation.
Embodiment 3
1, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
2, adding 11 milliliters of purity in round-bottomed flask is 99.8% DMF, round-bottomed flask is put into 150 ℃ oil bath pan stirring and refluxing 9 minutes.
3, the DMF after refluxing drips 198 microlitres, 17.79 mmoles/rise the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 150 ℃ next time stream carry out.
4, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, and solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal.
5, drying is carried out at 120 ℃ in the gold nano-crystal washing back that step 4 is obtained, referring to the sem photograph of Figure 14 for the gold nano-crystal of present embodiment preparation.
Comparative example 1
1, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
2, adding 10 milliliters of purity in round-bottomed flask is 99.7% DMF, round-bottomed flask is put into 140 ℃ oil bath pan stirring and refluxing 10 minutes.
3, the DMF after refluxing drips 140 microlitres, 17.81 mmoles/rise the aqueous solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 140 ℃ next time stream carry out.
4, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, and solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal.
5, drying is carried out at 120 ℃ in the gold nano-crystal washing back that step 4 is obtained, and referring to the sem photograph of Figure 15 for the gold nano-crystal of this comparative example preparation, extruding dodecahedron crystalline yields poorly in the gold nano-crystal that makes.
Comparative example 2
1, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
2, adding 10 milliliters of purity in round-bottomed flask is 99.7% DMF, round-bottomed flask is put into 110 ℃ oil bath pan stirring and refluxing 10 minutes.
3, the DMF after refluxing drips 150 microlitres, 17.81 mmoles/rise the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 90 ℃ next time stream carry out.
4, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, and solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal.
5, drying is carried out at 110 ℃ in the gold nano-crystal washing back that step 4 is obtained, and referring to the sem photograph of Figure 16 for the gold nano-crystal of this comparative example preparation, extruding dodecahedron crystalline yields poorly in the gold nano-crystal that makes.
Comparative example 3
1, round-bottomed flask and stirrer are carried out drying.
2, adding 10 milliliters of purity in round-bottomed flask is 99.7% DMF, round-bottomed flask is put into 140 ℃ oil bath pan stirring and refluxing 10 minutes.
3, the DMF after refluxing drips 140 microlitres, 17.81 mmoles/rise the DMF solution of hydrochloro-auric acid, be reflected at 160 ℃ next time stream carry out.
4, the solution in the round-bottomed flask stops heating after becoming glassy yellow, and solution in the round-bottomed flask and precipitation are transferred in the centrifuge tube, centrifuge tube is put into the whizzer centrifugation obtain gold nano-crystal.
5, drying is carried out at 110 ℃ in the gold nano-crystal washing back that step 4 is obtained, and referring to the sem photograph of Figure 17 for the gold nano-crystal of this comparative example preparation, extruding dodecahedron crystalline output is extremely low in the gold nano-crystal that makes.
By The above results as can be known, six lozenges of extruding dodecahedron gold nano-crystal provided by the invention are monocrystalline (110) face, and six trapezoidal faces are substance twin (110) face, and plane of crystal can be higher.Because the lattice tension force that the twin defective causes can influence the valence energy level of gold nano-crystal, and then further improves its catalytic performance.
The explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined herein General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.