CN101759296B - Courtyard-style landscape wetland - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a garden-style landscape wetland, which is composed of a nitrifying bacteria pond, a plant filter pond, an aquatic plant sedimentation pond, a transformation pond, and aquatic animal or fish ponds. This wetland is mainly used in the design of urban landscape waters, the control of eutrophication in landscape waters, and the purification of ecological purification cycle systems in front of the entrances of various cities, parks, river banks or lake banks, homes, parks, and hotels. Through precipitation, adsorption, nitrification, The denitrification and other functions can purify the sewage and reduce the pollution load.

Description

A courtyard landscape wetland

technical field

The invention relates to a courtyard-style landscape wetland, which has the effect of purifying the ecological circulation of the courtyard-style landscape wetland along lakes or river banks, hotels, tea bars, coffee houses, families and other aquatic animal viewing systems.

Background technique

In recent years, with the development of tourism and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, beautiful lakes and river banks are the first choice for people to relax and take vacations. Courtyard landscapes such as hotels, tea bars, coffee houses, and families have also become people's favorite places. The first choice for choosing a resting place. However, due to non-point source pollution such as agricultural surface runoff and rural domestic sewage, domestic garbage, livestock manure, and breeding wastewater, the beautiful lakes and river banks have lost their natural and fresh aesthetic feeling; and these non-point source pollution The discharge basically has no rules to follow, and is generally difficult to predict and collect. Most of it is directly discharged into the local water body without treatment, which greatly reduces the water quality of the water body, making the mountain springs that can be directly drunk gradually become inferior water bodies and cannot be drunk; hotels, The garden-style landscape of aquatic animal viewing systems such as tea bars, coffee houses, and families also increases a lot of water and takes a lot of time and energy for maintenance due to the pollution of animals and plants in the water body and the need for frequent water changes. Crowd annoyance for those who love courtyard views.

For the control and treatment of rural non-point source pollution, a lot of research work has been carried out at home and abroad. The idea of treatment is generally to strengthen the source management of non-point source pollution (agricultural emission reduction technology, domestic sewage and garbage collection systems, etc.) based on the concept of comprehensive improvement, and to adopt non-point source control technology adapted to local conditions to control and treat non-point source pollution. At present, non-point source pollution control technologies that are often used include artificial wetlands, artificial floating beds, and stabilization ponds. These measures require large investment and are difficult to manage. Although they have certain purification effects, they are difficult to promote and use.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a garden-style landscape wetland, which can be adapted to local conditions, less investment, easy management, no waste water discharge, good purification effect, can obtain COD _Cr , TN, TP, SS removal rates respectively 10-20%, 10-15%, 20-35%, 30-60%.

The present invention consists of (1) nitrifying bacteria pond, (2) plant filter pond, (3) aquatic plant sedimentation pond, (4) aquatic animal or fish pond, plant and cultivation microorganism or utilization water body formed by aquatic animal (or fish pond) Self-purification ability to absorb and degrade nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in non-point source pollution can achieve an ecological cycle system where the system does not need to discharge waste water.

This garden-style landscape wetland is a garden-style landscape comprehensive system that is composed of various ornamental aquatic plants, aquatic animals, landscape rocks, etc., which integrate circulation and purification functions, effectively forming ecological purification, and does not affect the hydraulic exchange between the pool and the connected water body. , to achieve water recycling, water saving and other effects, used for garden-style landscape wetland purification of parks, courtyard-style aquatic ornamental systems along lakes or river banks before entering the river, using lake or river water to automatically cycle, without the need for an ecological cycle of external waste water system water.

This courtyard-style landscape wetland is used in courtyards such as homes, hotels, coffee houses, and tea bars. It is a device that uses the feces of aquatic animals to carry out nitrifying bacteria to realize the recycling of aquatic animals or fish ponds. The size of the pool is determined. The interval between the pools is 2 layers of width 5-20cm filter sponge, and the gap between the rolling wood or the landscape gravel is used to make the water flow between the pools; the ornamental aquatic plants are placed in the pool to realize the overall internal circulation of the pool, and the activated carbon is placed at the bottom to clean the carbon. Put it on the upper part and put it in at a ratio of 1:1; the submersible pump adjusts the water outlet and circulation, and is located in the side pool of the fish pond; the ecological circulation system that does not need to discharge waste water, only needs to replenish evaporated water.

The invention provides an ecological purification circulation system suitable for designing urban landscape waters, controlling eutrophication of landscape waters, and landscape water bodies such as lake banks, river banks, parks, hotels, coffee bars, tea bars, and homes.

The invention is a garden-style landscape wetland which combines the ecological strengthening treatment of the water in the landscape water area with the natural restoration of the wetland in the area. Using natural slopes, natural water systems distributed in the park, native trees and vegetation, a native and natural living tribe is created to fully release the original charm of nature and countryside.

For the design of urban landscape waters, the control of eutrophication of landscape waters, lakeshores, riverbanks, and parks, and the ecological strengthening treatment, landscape water is introduced into delineated areas, and landscape wetlands are used to strengthen them, and artificial gravel bed wetlands and wetlands are set up. Semi-artificially improved wetlands, planting reeds, cannas, cattails, quinces, water onions, calamus, irises, Polygonum rubrum, Alisma, three-edge grass, wild rice, cyperus, reeds, mosaic reeds, For plants with strong decontamination ability, such as windmill grass and dry willow, you can choose 4 to 5 kinds according to local conditions. The overall plant configuration is handled in a diagonally symmetrical manner, paying attention to the effect of combining planes and facades. The plane is divided by a large area of irregular geometric lines, seemingly random and regular; the natural restoration of wetlands in the area is through landscape plants or the existing areas such as fish ponds, lotus ponds, reed ponds and planting fields in the area become wetlands, so that The whole system becomes a semi-natural wetland with a combination of dry and wet, patchwork, and clear layers. It purifies slightly polluted water, removes pollutants, and recycles it through the height difference of the terrain or by using pumps without discharge. The wetland reproduces a complete ecological environment where various terrains, vegetation, and birds coexist, and is ornamental.

For hotels, coffee bars, tea bars, families, etc., through (1) filtration + nitrifying bacteria pool and (2) activated carbon + charcoal residue plant filter pool to form an ecologically enhanced treatment area; then connect (3) aquatic plant sedimentation tank, ( 4) The aquatic animal breeding pool constitutes a natural restoration and landscape area, forming an ecological cycle for ornamental fish and other water animals, aquatic plant breeding, and a courtyard-style landscape wetland system.

Among them, (1) Filtration + nitrifying bacteria pool: it can be composed of a pool made of stone and sand with a width of 50-3000mm, a length of 1000-10000mm, and a height of 1000-3000mm. The size can be determined according to the water flow to be purified. The shape It can be filled with composite geomembrane, non-woven fabric, gravel, etc., and covered with 300-1000mm of soil, and the selected ornamental aquatic plants (can be various) are planted. (2) Activated carbon + charcoal residue plant filter pool, filled with activated carbon, charcoal residue, etc., and planting selected ornamental aquatic plants (can be various). (3) Aquatic plant sedimentation pond, which is covered by various colored stones with good ornamental value on the pond, and selected ornamental aquatic plants (can be various) are planted. (4) Aquatic animal breeding pool, composed of selected aquatic animals (such as ornamental fish, etc.), ornamental water-absorbing stones and plants, the size can be determined according to the location, breeding volume, purified water volume, etc., so that aquatic plants have enough living space (depth, length and width, etc.).

This courtyard-style landscape wetland does not affect the flood discharge of the river, has no operating power cost, has good applicability and pertinence, and can obtain a COD _Cr removal rate of about 15%, a TN removal rate of about 10%, and a removal rate of about 30%. The TP removal rate is about 40% and the SS removal rate is about 40%.

The basic principles of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is developed on the basis of constructed wetland, rapid infiltration system, and infiltration dam technology, and uses "wooden pile (or bamboo pile)+filler (gravel, pebble, soil)" The landscape wetland ecological protection system before entering the river bank and lake effectively separates the wetland from the river and lake water. Through the seepage characteristics of the protection system, the residence time of polluted water in the wetland is increased, non-point source pollution is stored, and the excess flow of the wetland is adjusted. And by planting plants in the upper soil of the protection system and cultivating high-efficiency denitrification and phosphorus removal bacteria in the wetland, using the joint action of plant roots and microorganisms to absorb and decompose nutrients in the sewage and adsorbed on the surface of the filler, and finally achieve utilization The joint action of physics, chemistry and biology in the natural ecosystem to achieve the purpose of purifying sewage. Through the above process, the protection system achieves the purpose of adjusting the hydraulic retention time and certain purification effect in the landscape wetland.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

Among Fig. 1, certain Kunming city (like spring all the year round) a family courtyard type landscape wetland, by (1) landscape plant (I) (length * width * height: 2000mm * 800mm * 800mm), filter+nitrifying bacteria pond ( II) (length × width × height: 800mm × 800mm × 800mm), (2) activated carbon + carbon residue plant filter tank (III) (length × width × height: 800mm × 800mm × 700mm), (3) aquatic plant sedimentation tank (IV) (length × width × height: 800mm × 800mm × 600mm), (4) composition of aquatic animal breeding pond (V) (length × width × height: 2000mm × 1200mm × 500mm). The materials used are: local soil, nitrifying bacteria, activated carbon, carbon residue, nitrifying bacteria sponge, filter cotton, fish, and aquatic plants.

Its function is:

(1) add in the pond with local soil (fill soil from pond mouth 100mm), plant ax orchid, pandan grass etc.;

(II) Nitrifying bacteria sponge + filter cotton to convert nitrate into nitrite. Be careful not to wash the nitrifying bacteria sponge. The nitrifying bacteria sponge occupies 1/2 of the pool. Put ornamental pebbles in the upper part and add water to the pool mouth. 100mm, plant calamus on top;

(III) Activated charcoal is put into the bottom, and the charcoal slag cleaned is put into the upper part, 1: 1 is put in, water is added to the pool mouth 100mm, and water bamboo is planted on it;

(IV) Settling tank is put into the charcoal slag that cleans, to pond deep 3/4, adds water to pond mouth 100mm, plant iris;

(V) Fish pond, put ornamental water-absorbing stones, plants are planted on the water-absorbing stones, add water to 150mm from the mouth of the pond, nine koi are playing in the pond, and use submersible pumps for regular water circulation.

The whole circulation system should be waterproofed rigidly and flexibly. The water surface of (I)～(IV) pools is 100～200cm away from the edge of the pool. A hose is used to introduce water into the (II) pool at the bottom of the (V) pool. (II) Pond to (III) pond, (III) pond to (IV) pond, (IV) pond to (V) pond, all utilize water level height difference to flow downstream. The runoff from (I) can flow into (II), and through subsequent precipitation, adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, etc., the sewage is purified and the pollution load is reduced. Turn on the regular submersible circulating pump to make the water system of the landscape wetland circulate naturally. In summer, the temperature is high (about 20-25°C), and the evaporation of water is large. ), the water evaporation is large, and the evaporated water must be replenished in 3 days; in winter (about 5-18°C), the temperature is low, and the evaporated water can be replenished in 6 days. This system has been in operation for two years, and the nine koi in (V) pond have been living very actively.

Example 2:

The landscape wetland in the Chengjiang River Basin on the Yunnan Plateau, the demonstration area length x width x height: 200m x 30m x (0.4-1.5)m, in order to meet the flood discharge, there are 3 outlets connected to the Chengjiang River, the landscape wetland is along the original The river bank extends to the lake, and the wall is made of sandstone and cement. Using the sandstone and slope terrain on the bank, local soil is used 20 meters away from the bank, and the depth of sandstone is about 0.4-1.2 meters. Lotus root, reed, etc. are planted; The depth of 10 meters is about 1.2-1.5 meters, and the structure of backfilling soil woven bags is used in the middle of double rows of wooden piles. Set up non-woven fabrics and anti-seepage films on the inside of the wooden pile frame, and plant calamus, reed flute, windmill grass, wild rice grass, iris, etc. on it, and arrange them in a diagonally symmetrical manner, so that the entire landscape is orderly. , the landscape effect is beautiful. Nutrients are removed from the system through regular harvesting of the plants each year and have been operating normally for 3 years.

Using the above garden-style landscape ecological protection wall, the removal efficiency of each pollutant is: COD _Cr removal rate 16%, TN removal rate 11%, TP removal rate 24%, SS rainy season removal rate 70%, SS dry season removal rate 54%.

Courtyard landscape wetlands in parks, hotels, coffee bars, tea bars, and homes are built with natural stones and fillers (gravel, crushed stone, pebbles, soil, etc.) and have the functions of water permeability, purification, and landscape appreciation. The principle is through Sedimentation, adsorption, nitrification, denitrification and other functions can purify the sewage, reduce the pollution load and improve the water quality.

Claims (4)

1. courtyard-style landscape wetland; It is characterized in that: the water in view waters is carried out intensified ecological handle with the interior wetland in district and recover naturally to combine; Utilize nature the hillside fields, be distributed in the natural stream networks of garden, primary trees and vegetation; Build a kind of primary natural life clan, be applicable to/be applied to design, control view waters eutrophication and loke shore, riverbank, park, hotel, coffee bar, the teahouse in urban look waters, the ecological purification recycle system of family's landscape water body;

Courtyard-style landscape wetland is by the nitrobacteria pond, the plant filtering basin, and the waterplant settling tank, hydrocoles is cultured the pond and forms; Be to utilize the ight soil of hydrocoles to carry out the device that nitrobacteria realizes that hydrocoles breed pond self internal recycle utilizes; The filter type of full ecological type; The size of looking each pond confirms that 2 layers of width 5-20cm of each pond interbody spacer filter sponge, with rolling wood or view gravel gap makes water flows between the pond; Put into ornamental waterplant in the pond and make the pond realize whole internal recycle, gac is put into the bottom, and clean carbon is put portion, puts in 1: 1 ratio; Submersible pump is regulated water outlet and circulation, is positioned at fishpond Pian Chi; Need not the ecological circulation system of efflux wastewater, only need to replenish vaporize water.

2. courtyard-style landscape wetland as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the circulation that is made up of various ornamental waterplant, hydrocoles, view mountain stone, purification function are in the garden type view system ensemble of one; Be used for the aquatic courtyard-style landscape wetland purification of viewing and admiring system of courtyard-style before the river is gone on park, pool along the lake or riverbank; Utilize the water automated cycle in lake or river, need not the ecological circulation system of efflux wastewater.

3. courtyard-style landscape wetland as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: for design, control view waters eutrophication and loke shore, riverbank, the park in urban look waters; Intensified ecological is handled, and landscape water is introduced the zone of delimiting, and adopts landscape wetland that it is carried out intensified process; Artificial gravel bed system wetland and half artificial modified wetland are set; Plant reed, Canna generalis Bailey, cattail, Spiked Loosestrife, Scirpus tabernaemontani, calamus, iris, smartweed, rhizoma alismatis, Herba Caricis Phacotae, wild rice, purple nutgrass flatsedge, the plant of power flower, floral leaf reed, FENGCHECAO, the strong soil removability of dry land willow tool again in the wetland, plants configuration is handled with the diagonally opposing corner symmetrical manner on the whole; Pay attention to plane and facade bonded effect, the plane is divided with the irregular geometries of big area; It is to become wetland through existing fish pond, the lotus root pool, reed field and planting site zone in landscape plant or the district that the interior wetland in district recovers naturally; Make total system become dried, wet combination, in picturesque disorder, well-bedded semi-natural wetland; Micropollutant water is purified; Use through the discrepancy in elevation of physical features or with the pump pump circulation after removing pollutent, do not efflux, wetland reproduces the complete ecotope of various landform, vegetation, birds coexistence.

4. courtyard-style landscape wetland as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: for hotel, coffee bar, teahouse, family, through filtration+nitrobacteria pond and gac+breeze plant filtering basin, constitute the intensified ecological treatment zone; Connect the waterplant settling tank afterwards, hydrocoles is cultured the pond, constitutes nature and recovers and the view district, forms fancy fishes water body animal, cultivate hyclrophyte ecological circulation, courtyard-style landscape wetland system.

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