CN101714655A - Lithium-ion secondary battery - Google Patents
Lithium-ion secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101714655A CN101714655A CN200910194025A CN200910194025A CN101714655A CN 101714655 A CN101714655 A CN 101714655A CN 200910194025 A CN200910194025 A CN 200910194025A CN 200910194025 A CN200910194025 A CN 200910194025A CN 101714655 A CN101714655 A CN 101714655A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium-ion secondary battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, an isolation membrane arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate, and electrolyte; the positive plate comprises a positive pole current collector and a positive pole active material distributed on the positive pole current collector; the negative plate comprises a negative pole current collector and a negative pole active material which is distributed on the negative pole current collector; and an insulating oxide layer is distributed on the surface of the positive plate. In the invention, the insulating oxide layer in the lithium-ion secondary battery can prevent the positive pole current collector from contacting the isolation membrane directly, absorb the HF in the electrolyte and inhibit the HF from damaging the positive pole and the negative pole, thereby effectively improving the safety property of the lithium-ion secondary battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium rechargeable battery, especially a kind of lithium rechargeable battery with good safety energy.
Background technology
Along with modern society and science and technology development, the application of mobile devices such as video camera, notebook computer, mobile DVD and digital camera more and more widely, and is also increasing to the demand of high-energy battery.Lithium rechargeable battery is as a kind of green high-capacity battery, has electric high pressure, energy density is high and advantage such as in light weight, therefore is widely used in the various mobile devices.
Lithium rechargeable battery generally comprises: positive plate, negative plate, be interval in the barrier film between the positive/negative plate, and electrolyte, positive plate comprises plus plate current-collecting body and the positive active material that is distributed on the plus plate current-collecting body, and negative plate comprises negative current collector and the negative electrode active material that is distributed on the negative current collector.Wherein, barrier film is the critical material in the lithium rechargeable battery, plays the insulation positive and negative plate, prevents the effect of battery short circuit.
At present, lithium rechargeable battery just develops to 4.3V and even 5.0V gradually from 4.2V, correspondingly, the oxidative resistance of barrier film is had higher requirement.The oxidation resistance of traditional polypropylene, polyethylene (PP/PE) barrier film is bad, when current potential is higher than 4.3V, can cause disconnection of barrier film C=C key and barrier film puncture intensity to diminish because of the oxidation of positive electrode, cause barrier film intensity variation and inside battery both positive and negative polarity contact short circuit.In charging process, barrier film also can be because of the oxidation weakened, and short circuit is generated heat or caught fire easily, has had a strong impact on the security performance of lithium rechargeable battery.
In order to improve the security performance of lithium rechargeable battery, the multiple technologies scheme has been proposed in the prior art, provide a kind of method as U.S. Patent application US 2006/0046138 A1 that announces on March 2nd, 2006 with the oxide process barrier film.But said method is handled the complex procedures of barrier film, and oxide skin(coating) thickness only is 0.1-100nm, and the adhesive property of oxide and barrier film macromolecular material is bad, the easy brittle failure of barrier film, the poor safety performance of lithium rechargeable battery.
And for example, U.S. Patent application US 2005/0266292 A1 that announces on December 1st, 2005 has also disclosed a kind of have macromolecule layer and the double-deck barrier film of ceramic oxide layer, wherein, ceramic oxide layer need be through high-temperature heat treatment with the dry oxide skin(coating) that forms of colloidal sol, complex process, security performance also are difficult to reach actual instructions for use.
In view of this, necessary provide a kind of have good safety can lithium rechargeable battery.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of lithium rechargeable battery with good safety energy is provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of lithium rechargeable battery, it comprises: positive plate, negative plate, be interval in the barrier film between the positive/negative plate, and electrolyte, positive plate comprises plus plate current-collecting body and the positive active material that is distributed on the plus plate current-collecting body, negative plate comprises negative current collector and the negative electrode active material that is distributed on the negative current collector, and the positive plate surface distributed has the insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
With respect to prior art, lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention has following useful technique effect at least: the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) in the lithium rechargeable battery has been isolated plus plate current-collecting body and the direct of barrier film contacts, the hydrogen fluoride (HF) of the existence of insulating properties oxide in can Electolyte-absorptive, suppress the injury of HF, effectively improved the security performance of lithium rechargeable battery both positive and negative polarity.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the oxide in the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is MgO, Al
2O
3, Sb
2O
3, Sb
2O
5, ZnO, NiO, ZrO
2, SiO
2, B
2O
3, TiO
2In one or more.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is the porous structure layer that contains insulating properties oxide and binding agent.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the binding agent in the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is one or more in high molecular polymer polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, butadiene-styrene rubber, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, poly(ethylene oxide), the polyvinyl alcohol.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the weight percentage of binding agent is 0.1%-20% in the described insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the particle diameter of insulating properties oxide is 20nm-20 μ m in the described insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is one or more layers, and gross thickness is 0.1 μ m-25 μ m.
A kind of improvement as lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, described barrier film is polypropylene barrier film, polyethylene barrier film, or polypropylene and polyethylene composite high-molecular barrier film, or the polymer gel attitude barrier film that forms of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol, or the composite isolated film of described composite high-molecular barrier film and described polymer gel attitude barrier film.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, described positive active material is the transition metal oxide Li of lithium
zCoO
2, Li
zNiO
2, Li
zMnO
2, Li
zCo
1-(x+y)Ni
xMn
yO
2, Li
zNi
xMn
1-xO
2, Li
zCo
xNi
1-xO
2, LiVPO
4, Li
2MnO
3, Li
zMn
xM
1-xO
4In one or more, wherein, x, y, x+y<1, z=1.
As a kind of improvement of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention, described negative electrode active material is graphite, hard carbon, Li
4Ti
5O
12, among metal nitride, Sn or the Si one or more.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention and useful technique effect thereof are elaborated, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the partial schematic sectional view of the electric core of prior art lithium rechargeable battery.
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic sectional view of the electric core of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sem photograph (x3000) in the embodiment of the invention 1 positive plate cross section.
Fig. 4 is that comparative example and each embodiment of the present invention are under 60 ℃, with the cyclic curve figure of 0.7C charging, 1C discharge.
Embodiment
In order to improve the security performance of existing lithium rechargeable battery, the invention provides a kind of lithium rechargeable battery, it comprises: positive plate, negative plate, be interval in the barrier film between the positive/negative plate, and electrolyte, positive plate comprises plus plate current-collecting body and the positive active material that is distributed on the plus plate current-collecting body, negative plate comprises negative current collector and the negative electrode active material that is distributed on the negative current collector, and the positive plate surface distributed has the insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
Preferably, the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of positive plate surface distributed is the porous structure layer that contains insulating properties oxide and binding agent, is one or more layers structure, and gross thickness is 0.1 μ m-25 μ m.Wherein, oxide is MgO, Al
2O
3, Sb
2O
3, Sb
2O
5, ZnO, NiO, ZrO
2, SiO
2, B
2O
3, TiO
2In one or more, the particle diameter of oxide is 20nm-20 μ m; Binding agent is one or more in high molecular polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP), butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the weight percentage of binding agent is 0.1%-20%.
Preferably, the barrier film of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention is polypropylene barrier film (PP), polyethylene barrier film (PE), or PP and PE composite high-molecular barrier film, or the polymer gel attitude barrier film that forms of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), or the composite isolated film of aforementioned composite high-molecular barrier film and aforementioned polymer gel state barrier film.
Preferably, the positive active material of lithium rechargeable battery of the present invention is the transition metal oxide Li of lithium
zCoO
2, Li
zNiO
2, Li
zMnO
2, Li
zCo
1-(x+y)Ni
xMn
yO
2, Li
zNi
xMn
1-xO
2, Li
zCo
xNi
1-xO
2, LiVPO
4, Li
2MnO
3, Li
zMn
xM
1-xO
4In one or more, wherein, x, y, x+y<1, z=1; Negative electrode active material is graphite, hard carbon, Li
4Ti
5O
12, among metal nitride, Sn or the Si one or more.
Comparative example
The preparation of positive plate: with cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO
2), conductive carbon black (Super-P), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) be by weight 93: 3: 4 and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) mixes, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of positive plate, can regulate viscosity by NMP in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating positive plate is uniformly coated on the two sides of the thick plus plate current-collecting body (aluminium foil) of 12 μ m by certain width, makes the positive plate of only coating one side simultaneously; At last, make positive plate through cold pressing, cut into slices (size of promptly pole piece being reduced, cutting into required size).
The preparation of negative plate: with mesophase pitch based carbon microsphere (anode graphite a kind of, MCMB), conductive carbon black (Super-P), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (water based adhesive, CMC), butadiene-styrene rubber (Styrene ButadieneRubber, SBR) by weight 94: 1: 2: 3 mix with deionized water, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of negative pole, can regulate viscosity by deionized water in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating negative plate is coated on the two sides of the thick negative current collector (Copper Foil) of 9 μ m according to certain width, through colding pressing, cutting into slices makes negative plate.
The preparation of lithium rechargeable battery: will be wound into electric core according to positive plate, negative plate and this area of above-mentioned prepared barrier film commonly used, the partial sectional view of electricity core as shown in Figure 1, wherein, 1 is plus plate current-collecting body, 2 is positive electrode active material layer, 3 is barrier film, and 4 is negative current collector, and 5 is negative electrode active material layer; At last, through terminal welding, packaging foil encapsulation, injection 1mol/l LiPF
6/ (EC+DEC+PC) electrolyte (wherein, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propene carbonate (PC) is 1: 1: 1), encapsulation changes into and the moulding of bleeding makes lithium rechargeable battery.Inject
With the electric core in the comparative example 60 ℃ of following 4.3V constant voltages 15 days, the recovered capacity of test battery, test result is as shown in table 1.Simultaneously, battery is taken apart, barrier film is taken out observe.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of positive plate: with cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO
2), conductive carbon black (Super-P), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) be by weight 93: 3: 4 and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) mixes, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of positive plate, can regulate viscosity by NMP in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating positive plate is uniformly coated on the two sides of the thick plus plate current-collecting body (aluminium foil) of 12 μ m according to certain width, makes the positive plate of only coating one side simultaneously; At last, make positive plate through cold pressing, cut into slices (size of promptly pole piece being reduced, cutting into required size).
The preparation of oxide skin(coating): with particle diameter is the SiO of 20nm
2Be dispersed in the acetone, add vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) as binding agent, be coated on the positive plate surface by agitator tank after scattered, form thickness and be the oxide skin(coating) about 5 μ m, scribble oxide skin(coating) positive plate the cross section sem photograph as shown in Figure 3.
The preparation of negative plate: with mesophase pitch based carbon microsphere (anode graphite a kind of, MCMB), conductive carbon black (Super-P), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (water based adhesive, CMC), butadiene-styrene rubber (Styrene ButadieneRubber, SBR) by weight 94: 1: 2: 3 mix with deionized water, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of negative pole, can regulate viscosity by deionized water in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating negative pole is coated on the two sides of the thick negative current collector (Copper Foil) of 9 μ m according to certain width, through colding pressing, cutting into slices makes negative plate.
The preparation of lithium rechargeable battery: will be wound into electric core according to positive plate, negative plate and the barrier film that embodiment 1 technology makes, the partial sectional view of electricity core as shown in Figure 2, wherein, 10 is plus plate current-collecting body, 20 is positive electrode active material layer, and 30 is barrier film, and 40 is negative current collector, 50 is negative electrode active material layer, and 60 is oxide skin(coating); At last, through terminal welding, packaging foil encapsulation, injection 1mol/l LiPF
6/ (EC+DEC+PC) electrolyte (wherein, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propene carbonate (PC) is 1: 1: 1), encapsulation changes into and the moulding of bleeding makes the coiling lithium rechargeable battery.In embodiment 1, barrier film is a PE composite high-molecular barrier film.
With the electric core among the embodiment 1 60 ℃ of following 4.3V constant voltages 15 days, the recovered capacity of test battery, test result is as shown in table 1.Simultaneously, battery is taken apart, taken out barrier film and observe.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation of positive plate: with cobalt nickel LiMn2O4 (LiNiCoMnO
2), conductive carbon black (Super-P), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) be by weight 95: 2: 3 and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) mixes, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of positive plate, can regulate viscosity by NMP in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating positive plate is uniformly coated on the two sides of the thick plus plate current-collecting body (aluminium foil) of 12 μ m according to certain width, makes the positive plate of only coating one side simultaneously; At last, make positive plate through cold pressing, cut into slices (size of promptly pole piece being reduced, cutting into required size).
The preparation of oxide skin(coating): with the Al of the about 1 μ m of particle diameter
2O
3Be dispersed in the acetone, add SBR, be coated on the positive plate surface after being uniformly dispersed by agitator tank, form the oxide skin(coating) of the about 5 μ m of about thickness as binding agent.
The preparation of negative plate: with mesophase pitch based carbon microsphere (anode graphite a kind of, MCMB), conductive black (Super-P), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (water based adhesive, CMC), butadiene-styrene rubber (Styrene ButadieneRubber, SBR) by weight 94: 1: 2: 3 mix with deionized water, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of negative plate, can regulate viscosity by deionized water in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating negative plate is coated on the two sides of the thick negative current collector (Copper Foil) of 9 μ m according to certain width, through colding pressing, cutting into slices makes negative plate.
The preparation of lithium rechargeable battery: will be wound into electric core according to positive plate, negative plate and the barrier film that embodiment 2 technologies make, the partial sectional view of electricity core as shown in Figure 2, wherein, 10 is plus plate current-collecting body, 20 is positive electrode active material layer, and 30 is barrier film, and 40 is negative current collector, 50 is negative electrode active material layer, and 60 is oxide skin(coating); At last, through terminal welding, packaging foil encapsulation, inject 1mol/l LiPF6/ (EC+DEC+PC) electrolyte (wherein, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propene carbonate (PC) is 1: 1: 1), encapsulation changes into and the moulding of bleeding makes the coiling lithium rechargeable battery.In embodiment 2, barrier film is PP and PE composite high-molecular barrier film.
With the electric core of embodiment 2 60 ℃ of following 4.3V constant voltages 15 days, the recovered capacity of test battery, test result is as shown in table 1.Simultaneously, battery is taken apart, taken out barrier film and observe.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation of positive plate: with cobalt nickel LiMn2O4 (LiNiCoMnO
2), conductive carbon black (Super-P), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) be by weight 95: 2: 3 and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) mixes, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of positive plate, can regulate viscosity by NMP in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating positive plate is uniformly coated on the two sides of the thick plus plate current-collecting body (aluminium foil) of 12 μ m according to certain width, makes the positive plate of only coating one side simultaneously; At last, make positive plate through cold pressing, cut into slices (size of promptly pole piece being reduced, cutting into required size).
The preparation of oxide skin(coating): with particle diameter is the Sb of 200nm
2O
5Be dispersed in the water, add acrylic acid (PAA), be coated on the positive plate surface after being uniformly dispersed by agitator tank, form the oxide skin(coating) of the about 4 μ m of about thickness as binding agent.
The preparation of negative plate: with mesophase pitch based carbon microsphere (anode graphite a kind of, MCMB), conductive black (Super-P), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (water based adhesive, CMC), butadiene-styrene rubber (Styrene ButadieneRubber, SBR) by weight 94: 1: 2: 3 mix with deionized water, stirring obtains being coated with the slurry of negative plate, can regulate viscosity by deionized water in the whipping process; Then, the slurry of coating negative plate is coated on the two sides of the thick negative current collector (Copper Foil) of 9 μ m according to certain width, through colding pressing, cutting into slices makes negative plate.
The preparation of lithium rechargeable battery: will be wound into electric core according to positive plate, negative plate and the barrier film that embodiment 3 technologies make, the partial sectional view of electricity core as shown in Figure 2, wherein, 10 is plus plate current-collecting body, 20 is positive electrode active material layer, and 30 is barrier film, and 40 is negative current collector, 50 is negative electrode active material layer, and 60 is oxide skin(coating); At last, through terminal welding, packaging foil encapsulation, inject 1mol/l LiPF6/ (EC+DEC+PC) electrolyte (wherein, the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propene carbonate (PC) is 1: 1: 1), encapsulation changes into and the moulding of bleeding makes the coiling lithium rechargeable battery.In embodiment 3, barrier film is PP and PE composite high-molecular barrier film.
With the electric core of embodiment 3 60 ℃ of following 4.3V constant voltages 15 days, the recovered capacity of test battery, test result is as shown in table 1.Simultaneously, battery is taken apart, taken out barrier film and observe.
Each embodiment of table 1 is in 15 days the capacity comparison recovered of 60 ℃ of following 4.3V constant voltages
As can be seen from Figure 3, the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of surface coated has covered most of area of positive plate, has effectively prevented the oxidation of positive electrode active materials to barrier film.Keep data as can be seen from the capacity shown in the table 1, the positive plate surface is through the processing of insulating properties oxide skin(coating), can having improved more than 20% by the recovery capacity of electric core.Through the barrier film paired observation of comparative example 1 and embodiment 1,2,3 as can be seen, be not coated with in the electric core of comparative example 1 of insulating properties oxide skin(coating), the barrier film jaundice, oxidation characteristic is obvious, and the barrier film among the embodiment 1,2 and 3 does not then change substantially.
As can be seen from Figure 4, the cycle performance of electric core under 60 ℃ of handling through the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) is far superior to the normal electrical core.
Need to prove that the embodiment 1,2,3 in this specification is respectively with Al
2O
3, SiO
2And Sb
2O
5The insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of positive plate surface distributed has been described for example.But according to other embodiments of the invention, the insulating properties oxide in the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of positive plate surface distributed also can be MgO, Sb
2O
3, ZnO, NiO, ZrO
2, B
2O
3, TiO
2, or the combination in the aforementioned dielectric oxide, be not described in detail at this.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change and revise above-mentioned execution mode.Therefore, the embodiment that discloses and describe above the present invention is not limited to also should fall in the protection range of claim of the present invention modifications and changes more of the present invention.In addition, although used some specific terms in this specification, these terms do not constitute any restriction to the present invention just for convenience of description.
Claims (10)
1. lithium rechargeable battery, it comprises: positive plate, negative plate, be interval in the barrier film between the positive/negative plate, and electrolyte, positive plate comprises plus plate current-collecting body and the positive active material that is distributed on the plus plate current-collecting body, negative plate comprises negative current collector and the negative electrode active material that is distributed on the negative current collector, and it is characterized in that: described positive plate surface distributed has the insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
2. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the oxide in the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is MgO, Al
2O
3, Sb
2O
3, Sb
2O
5, ZnO, NiO, ZrO
2, SiO
2, B
2O
3, TiO
2In one or more.
3. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is the porous structure layer that contains insulating properties oxide and binding agent.
4. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the binding agent in the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is one or more in high molecular polymer polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, butadiene-styrene rubber, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, poly(ethylene oxide), the polyvinyl alcohol.
5. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the weight percentage of binding agent is 0.1%-20% in the described insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
6. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the particle diameter of insulating properties oxide is 20nm-20 μ m in the described insulating properties oxide skin(coating).
7. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the insulating properties oxide skin(coating) of described positive plate surface distributed is one or more layers, and gross thickness is 0.1 μ m-25 μ m.
8. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described barrier film is polyethylene barrier film, polypropylene barrier film, or polyethylene and polypropylene composite high-molecular barrier film, or the polymer gel attitude barrier film that forms of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene difluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol, or the composite isolated film of described composite high-molecular barrier film and described polymer gel attitude barrier film.
9. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described positive active material is the transition metal oxide Li of lithium
zCoO
2, Li
zNiO
2, Li
zMnO
2, Li
zCo
1-(x+y)Ni
xMn
yO
2, Li
zNi
xMn
1-xO
2, Li
zCo
xNi
1-xO
2, LiVPO
4, Li
2MnO
3, Li
zMn
xM
1-xO
4In one or more, wherein, x, y, x+y<1, z=1.
10. lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described negative electrode active material is graphite, hard carbon, Li
4Ti
5O
12, among metal nitride, Sn or the Si one or more.
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