CN101693279A - Upsetting and extruding precision die-forging forming method for large titanium alloy deep tube parts - Google Patents
Upsetting and extruding precision die-forging forming method for large titanium alloy deep tube parts Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an upsetting and extruding precision die-forging forming method for large titanium alloy deep tube parts. The method includes that: firstly, enabling draft of a tube body die to range from 1 degree to 3 degrees, enabling the outer diameter of a blank to be 50% to 98% of that of a die tube body, enabling the height of the blank to be 60% to 150% of that of the tube body; spraying a protective lubricating layer with thickness ranging from 0.2mm to 3mm on the blank; heating the blank in an electric furnace under 5 DEG C to 50 DEG C of the temperature phase-transition point (alpha +beta/beta), enabling the heating coefficient to be larger than or equal to 0.6 min/mm, simultaneously preheating the die for 6h to 24h at a temperature ranging from 200 DEG C to 450 DEG C; finally, installing the die on a pressure machine, a die forging hammer or a counter-blow hammer, and forging the diathermal blank inside a die cavity. The upsetting and extruding precision die-forging forming method for producing the large titanium alloy deep tube parts is simple in procedure operation, stable and reliable in performance, and is easy to control quantity and to realize large-batch industrialized production of products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal material heat processing forming field, relate to a kind of titanium alloy deep barrier part forming method, especially a kind of large titanium alloy deep barrier part upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method.
Background technology
So-called large titanium alloy deep barrier part be meant internal diameter (d) greater than 160mm, external diameter (D) greater than 200mm, highly (H) greater than the cartridge type revolving body member of 200mm and H/D 〉=1, h (h1+h2)/d 〉=1, the major product shape sees that Fig. 1-1 is to Fig. 1-4.
The large titanium alloy deep barrier part has a wide range of applications in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, navigation, chemical industry, but because titanium alloy belongs to rare difficult processing metal, so the moulding problem of large titanium alloy deep barrier part is the big technical barrier that at present a lot of manufacturers are faced.Mainly contain three kinds of methods at present and produce this series products:
First method is to adopt big specification bar direct mechanical to process, and this method is produced the large titanium alloy deep barrier part and had shortcomings such as stock utilization is low, production cost height, and causes properties of product low owing to the product streamline is cut off in mechanical processing process.
Second method is to adopt foundry engieering production, the large titanium alloy deep barrier part that this method is produced is crossed reasons such as low owing to self casting flaw reaches mechanical property more, the relatively low occasion of some instructions for uses can only be used for, the demand of high-end industrial departments such as Aeronautics and Astronautics can't be satisfied.
The third method is exactly that extruder anti-extrusion technology is produced, and the large titanium alloy deep barrier part that this method is produced has advantages such as mechanical property excellence, streamline distribution be more reasonable, can satisfy high-end demands such as Aeronautics and Astronautics.In recent years, the higher relatively titanium alloy deep barrier part of a large amount of performance requirements of China's Air Branch use mainly adopts this method to carry out moulding.Result of the test shows, though the product of this moulding technique production can satisfy China's aeronautical product instructions for use, extruder anti-extrusion process is produced the large titanium alloy deep barrier part, also has some insurmountable technological difficulties:
1., extruder anti-extrusion technology belongs to a fire, disposal molding mode, after crimp is finished, the product specification off-dimension often occurs, reason such as can't overhaul, and directly causes product rejection, product percent of pass is low.
2., extruder anti-extrusion technology is owing to be hydrostatic profile, lower mode cavity contacts with hot blank in whole forming process with upper punch always, cause the blank surface temperature sharply to reduce characteristics such as adding the glutinous mould of titanium alloy, thereby form crackle at deformation process middle shell surfaces externally and internally, if lubricating condition is bad, crackle is crossed dark this place's machine that surpasses and is added surplus and will cause product rejection.
3., extruder anti-extrusion technology in extrusion process since blank and mould be permanently connected to, so the easy locking upper punch of blank, demoulding difficulty, production efficiency is low, even so causes blank to scrap or drift is scrapped.
4., most of large titanium alloy deep barrier part is not simple staving shape, but the top has and turns edge or the bottom is concavity, sees shown in Fig. 1-2,1-3, the 1-4.For the product of these shapes, extruder backward extrusion method can't directly be pushed and be finished, and can only rely on surplus of increase to be squeezed into simple straight tubbiness (seeing that Fig. 2-1 is to shown in Fig. 2-4) earlier in hot extrusion process, more surplus part machining is removed at last.Just do like this and cause: the product streamline can not distribute, partly be added cut-out by machine by profile fully after the machining, causes final part serviceability, life-span to be reduced; Just cause shortcomings such as stock utilization is low, production cost height in addition.
5., extruder anti-extrusion technology requires very highly to blank and mold lubrication, stable technical process is poor, the process operation complexity is not suitable in enormous quantities, suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
Produce the technical barrier that this series products exists in order to overcome existing extruder anti-extrusion technology, improve product percent of pass and production efficiency, optimization properties of product, stabilized product quality, reduce production costs, satisfy the demand of department such as China's Aeronautics and Astronautics high-performance large-scale titanium alloy deep barrier part.The invention provides a kind of upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method, produce this type of large titanium alloy deep barrier part.
The objective of the invention is to solve by the following technical programs:
This large titanium alloy deep barrier part upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) mould of design upsetting squeeze die-forging forming: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, and the depanning gradient of mould is 1～3 °;
2) selection of billet size: the blank external diameter be described cylindrical shell external diameter 50%～98%, the blank height is 60%～150% of described cylindrical shell height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.2～3mm on blank;
4) by 5～50 ℃ of heating under the temperature liquidus point, heating coefficient 〉=0.6min/mm is simultaneously with mould preheating 6～24h under 200～450 ℃ of temperature in electric furnace for blank;
5) mould is installed on forcing press, die hammer or the counter-blow hammer, and the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge;
6) blank is polished to surperficial flawless or folding;
7) as if the forging underfill after forging, repeating step 3)～5), until the complete moulding of forging; Obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding.
The lubricating layer of protection described in the above step 3) is the mixture of glass dust, M60 resin and water.Wherein by percentage to the quality, described mixture contains 15～40% glass dust, 40% M60 resin, and all the other are water; Described glass dust is FRG5 glass dust, FRG15 glass dust, FRG25 glass dust or FRG35 glass dust.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
For the frictional force that reduces blank and mould in the forming process, reduce raw materials consumption, improve lumber recovery, the present invention elects pattern draft between 1～3 ° as in the forging part design.This little pattern draft can make the frictional force between frock and the forging increase, and has reduced the depanning difficulty.The key of this forming method is the selection of billet size in addition, and promptly the blank external diameter is the 50%-98% of cylindrical shell external diameter, the 60%-150% of blank height outer cylinder body height.This technological merit mainly contains some: the one, avoid or reduce time of contact of blank and following mold cavity, and reduce blank temperature loss; The 2nd, reduced the contact area of blank and lower mode cavity when just beginning to be out of shape, reduced frictional resistance, be beneficial to metal flow; The 3rd, in each hammering process, certain air is enclosed within the cavity of resorption, avoided forging to stick mould; Like this, just solved the problem that a large amount of crackles appear in cylindrical shell spare surfaces externally and internally in forming process.In addition, this method has increased the deflection in the forming process, helps improving the undesirable tissue in the blank, understands from other one side, can further reduce the supply standard of blank, promptly reduce the materials procurement price, has reduced production cost significantly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a large titanium alloy deep barrier part structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein: Fig. 1-1 is the dark barrier part of straight barrel type; Fig. 1-2 is for being with the dark barrier part of straight barrel type that turns edge; Fig. 1-3 is the dark barrier part of band kerve straight barrel type; Fig. 1-4 is band kerve and the dark barrier part of straight barrel type that turns edge;
Fig. 2 is that prior art extruder backward extrusion technology is produced special shape titanium alloy deep barrier part blahk structure schematic diagram;
Wherein: Fig. 2-1 is the dark barrier part of straight barrel type; Fig. 2-2 is for being with the dark barrier part of straight barrel type that turns edge; Fig. 2-3 is the dark barrier part of band kerve straight barrel type; Fig. 2-4 is band kerve and the dark barrier part of straight barrel type that turns edge;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
Embodiment 1
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, and the depanning gradient is 1 °;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is 230 * 320, and the blank external diameter is 80% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, 120% of blank height outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 3mm on blank; The protection lubricating layer is 15% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 45% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 50 ℃, heating coefficient is 1.0min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, preheat temperature is 200 ℃, preheating time 24h;
5) mould is installed on the 400KJ counter-blow hammer, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeat 3)～5) step once, the forging moulding obtains the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 1-1 room-temperature mechanical property
Table 1-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 2
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, 2 ° of depanning gradients;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is φ 280 * 260, and the blank external diameter is 98% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, and the blank height is 120% of an outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.2mm on blank; The protection lubricating layer is 25% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 35% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 40 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.8min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 300 ℃ of preheat temperatures, preheating time 12h;
5) mould is installed on the 25t mould hammer, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging,, obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 2-1 room-temperature mechanical property
Table 2-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 3
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, and the depanning gradient is 1 °;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is φ 230 * 320, and the blank external diameter is 80% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, 120% of blank height outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 1.5mm on the blank; The protection lubricating layer is 35% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 25% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 30 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.9min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 400 ℃ of preheat temperatures, preheating time 6h;
5) mould is installed on the 400KJ counter-blow hammer, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging,, obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 3-1 room temperature mechanics spare energy
Table 3-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 4
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, 2 ° of depanning gradients;
2) selection of billet size, billet size are φ 280 * 260, and the blank external diameter is 98% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, and the blank height is 120% of an outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.5mm on blank; The protection lubricating layer is 40% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 20% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 20 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.65min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 250 ℃ of mold preheating temperatures, preheating time 15h;
5) mould is installed on the 25t mould hammer, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging,, obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 4-1 room-temperature mechanical property
Table 4-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 5
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, 1.5 ° of depanning gradients;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is φ 250 * 400, and the blank external diameter is 60% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, and the blank height is 150% of an outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.5mm on blank; The protection lubricating layer is 15% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 45% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 5 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.6min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 250 ℃ of preheat temperatures, preheating time 15h;
5) mould is installed on the 10t mould hammer, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging,, obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 5-1 room temperature mechanics spare energy
Table 5-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 6
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, 3 ° of depanning gradients;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is φ 290 * 280, and the blank external diameter is 70% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, and the blank height is 110% of an outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.5mm on blank; The protection lubricating layer is 15% glass dust by mass percent, and the composite mixture spraying of 40% M60 resin and 45% water forms.
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 15 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.6min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 450 ℃ of preheat temperatures, preheating time 6h;
5) mould is installed on the 10000t forcing press, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging obtains the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 6-1 room-temperature mechanical property
Table 6-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
Embodiment 7
1) mould design: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, 3 ° of depanning gradients;
2) selection of billet size: billet size is φ 290 * 280, and the blank external diameter is 70% of a cylindrical shell external diameter, and the blank height is 110% of an outer cylinder body height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.5mm on blank;
4) blank heats in electric furnace, and the temperature liquidus point (transformation temperature alpha+beta/β) following 15 ℃, heating coefficient is 0.6min/mm; Preheated mold simultaneously, 450 ℃ of preheat temperatures, preheating time 6h;
5) mould is installed on the 10000t forcing press, the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge 1 fire;
6) polishing blank crackle, fold defect are until surperficial flawless or till folding;
7) repeating step 3)～5) twice, the complete moulding of forging obtains the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding;
8) heat treatment;
9) performance test.
Every batch of forging in the present embodiment is dissected one, sampling processing back test performance, and result such as following table:
Table 7-1 room-temperature mechanical property
Table 7-2 mechanical behavior under high temperature
In sum, upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method of the present invention is produced the large titanium alloy deep barrier part, has successfully solved a series of technical barriers of extruder anti-extrusion process:
(1) the large titanium alloy deep barrier part that adopts upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming technology of the present invention to produce, surface quality is good, specification is accurate, streamline distribution is reasonable, structure property is excellent, machine-finish allowance is little, stock utilization is high, and every technical indicator meets the technical standard requirement fully.
(2) adopt upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming technology of the present invention to produce the large titanium alloy deep barrier part, product qualification rate reaching 100%, overcome in the hydraulic press backward extrusion technology forming process because a fire time moulding causes the product specification off-dimension and can't reprocess, and caused the low shortcoming of product percent of pass.
(3) upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming technology of the present invention is produced in the large titanium alloy deep barrier part body process, by forming principle, technological process etc. are analyzed, improve, are optimized, solve hydraulic press backward extrusion process middle cylinder body surface and technical barriers such as crackle, locking drift often occurred, not only improved product percent of pass, but also improved production efficiency greatly, reduced the consumption of tool and mould simultaneously.
(4) this upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method is produced large titanium alloy deep barrier part, and process operation is simple, quality control is easy, stable and reliable for performance, is easy to realize in enormous quantities, the suitability for industrialized production of product.
(5) have for most of top and turn edge or the bottom is the complex-shaped large titanium alloy deep barrier part of concavity, extruder backward extrusion method can't directly be pushed production, can only rely on surplus of increase to be squeezed into simple straight tubbiness earlier, again surplus part machining is removed at last, the product streamline can not distribute, partly be added cut-out by machine by the part profile fully after the machining, cause final part serviceability, life-span to be reduced, stock utilization is low in addition, production cost is high.My upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method of the present invention then can forge by the part profile fully produce this series products, and the product streamline distributes according to the part profile fully, and structure property excellence, material consumption are few.
(6) upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method development of the present invention, the success of producing the large titanium alloy deep barrier part, for developing, produce this series products from now on, our country lays the foundation, the each side such as thermoforming process of the awkward dark barrier part of wrought titanium alloy have accumulated rich experience, have reached the purpose of technological reserve.
Up to now, adopt this upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method test to produce multiple model aircraft and use the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of plurality of specifications to be total to hundreds of spare, product qualification rate reaching 100%, and passed through the ground run examination smoothly, the use of can installing in batches.
Claims (3)
1. a large titanium alloy deep barrier part upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) mould of design upsetting squeeze die-forging forming: mould is designed to cylindrical shell, and the depanning gradient of mould is 1～3 °;
2) selection of billet size: the blank external diameter be described cylindrical shell external diameter 50%～98%, the blank height is 60%～150% of described cylindrical shell height;
3) coating thickness is the protection lubricating layer of 0.2～3mm on blank;
4) by 5～50 ℃ of heating under the temperature liquidus point, heating coefficient 〉=0.6min/mm is simultaneously with mould preheating 6～24h under 200～450 ℃ of temperature in electric furnace for blank;
5) mould is installed on forcing press, die hammer or the counter-blow hammer, and the blank of heat penetration is put into mold cavity forge;
6) blank is polished to surperficial flawless or folding;
7) as if the forging underfill after forging, repeating step 3)～5), until the complete moulding of forging; Obtain the large titanium alloy deep barrier part of moulding.
2. large titanium alloy deep barrier part upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the lubricating layer of protection described in the step 3) is the mixture of glass dust, M60 resin and water.
3. large titanium alloy deep barrier part upsetting squeeze precision die-forging forming method according to claim 2 is characterized in that by percentage to the quality, described mixture contains 15～40% glass dust, 40% M60 resin, and all the other are water; Described glass dust is FRG5 glass dust, FRG15 glass dust, FRG25 glass dust or FRG35 glass dust.
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