CN101663637A - Touch screen system with hover and click input methods - Google Patents
Touch screen system with hover and click input methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN101663637A CN101663637A CN200880011795A CN200880011795A CN101663637A CN 101663637 A CN101663637 A CN 101663637A CN 200880011795 A CN200880011795 A CN 200880011795A CN 200880011795 A CN200880011795 A CN 200880011795A CN 101663637 A CN101663637 A CN 101663637A
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Abstract
A touch screen system that can approximate tracking and dragging states regardless of the user's orientation and without reliance on direct sensing of touch pressure or area. A first detector generates a signal representing a first image of an object interacting with the touch screen. A second detector generates a signal representing a second image of the object. A signal processor processes the first signal to determine approximated coordinates of a first pair of outer edges of the object and processes the second signal to determine approximated coordinates of a second pair of outer edges ofthe object. The signal processor then calculates an approximated touch area based on the approximated coordinates of the first pair of outer edges and the approximated coordinates of the second pair of outer edges of the object. If the approximated touch area is less than or equal to a threshold touch area, the signal processor determines that the object interacting with the touch screen indicatesa tracking state. If the approximated touch area is greater than the threshold touch area, the signal processor determines that the object interacting with the touch screen indicates a selection state. The threshold touch area may be established by calibrating the touch screen system when the object interacting with the touch screen is known to indicate the tracking state.
Description
Related application
The application requires the right of priority to the 554th, No. 416 New Zealand's temporary patent application that is entitled as " utilizing the touch-screen that suspends and click input method " of new zealand patent office submission on April 11st, 2007.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to touch sensitive display, be also referred to as touch-screen.More specifically, the present invention relates to utilize the system and method that alternately carry out optical detection of signal Processing, wherein said mutual representative tracking, selection and drag operation to user and touch-screen.
Background technology
The touch-screen system of prior art can be classified in the following technology groups: ohmic, surface capacitance, protrusion electric capacity, surface acoustic wave (SAW), infrared (IR), frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR), optics and dispersion signal (flexural wave).Each touch screen technology all has feature, merits and demerits separately.In whole these technology, the shortage of human finger's size and sensing precision can make and be difficult to the accurate touch screen interaction of sensing.Most of traditional touch-screen systems all do not solve the needs that the active user interface requires to have at least four kinds of different interaction modes, i.e. (1) state out-of-bounds; (2) tracking mode (being also referred to as " suspension " or " approaching " state); (3) selection mode (being also referred to as " click " state) and (4) drag state.
As a comparison, traditional computer entry device, for example mouse, pen and touch pad allow the user to carry out tracking, drag and selection operation.Mouse for example allows the user to be independent of button click and selects following calculation display screen cursor on every side, perhaps allows the user to carry out drag operation by button is remained on down state when handling mouse.Pen and touch pad can directly be measured contact pressure, thereby utilize the pressure that detects to distinguish tracking over time, drag and selection mode.It is very important in many software application that cursor is positioned and carry out subsequently the ability that optics pushes or trigger, and allows accurate more input pattern.Therefore in the touch screen technology field, generally need this function.
For detecting and tracking with drag state, any touch-screen system all must continuous probe and the position of report user finger or stylus.Yet, most of traditional touch-screen systems only contacting between user's finger or stylus and touch screen surface produce or when disappearing record select (" clicks "), thereby can't provide independently tracking to operate and drag operation.As an exception, people such as Benko are entitled as " Precise Selection Techniques forMulti-Touch Screens (the accurate selection technology that is used for many touch-screens) " (Proc.ACMCHI 2006:Human Factors in Computing Systems at it, pp.1263-1272) proved the FTIR touch-screen system in the paper, this FTIR touch-screen system direct sensing touches area, applicable to the detecting touch area over time roughly to estimate to follow the tracks of and drag state.The described technology of people such as Benko is known as SimPress, allegedly can reduce the displacement error in the click process and allow the suspended state of simulation on can't the equipment of sense proximity.
The SimPress technology type is similar to pressure-sensing touch pad and the employed technology of a surface of contact that is used for computing machine.All these technology all require to have the pressure that direct sensing touches or the ability of area (i.e. the surface area of finger or the touch-screen that stylus contacted), thereby be not useable for lacking in the touch-screen system of this ability, comprise Infrared touch screen systems and optical touch screen systems.In addition, owing to calculate to touch the mode of the variation of area, the SimPress technology only always just works during near tabletop touch from same direction the user.Therefore, needs are a kind of does not consider the directed of user and does not rely on the touch-screen system that just can roughly estimate to follow the tracks of and drag state to the direct sensing of touch pressure or area.
The infrared touch panel technology depends on the interruption of the infrared light grid that is positioned at display screen the place ahead." touch framework " or " optical matrix framework " comprises usually and is installed in a row infrared LED and the row optical transistor of two opposite sides with the grid that produces sightless infrared light.Described frame assembly comprises printed wiring board, photoelectric device is installed on this printed wiring board and these photoelectric devices are hidden in after the shadow shield of infrared transparent.Described shadow shield makes photoelectric device not be subjected to the influence of operating environment and allows infrared beam to pass.
Infrared controller applies pulse to produce the grid of infrared beam continuously to LED.When stylus or finger entered grid, it blocked some light beams.Lacking and sending of one or more phototransistors detection light can be used for discerning the x of touch and the signal of y coordinate.Infrared touch screen systems is in being usually used in manufacturing and medical application, because it can utilize the hard or soft object of any amount to seal fully and operate.The subject matter of Infrared touch screen systems is to touch " location " of framework a little more than screen.Therefore, before finger or stylus actual touch screen, touch-screen is vulnerable to the influence of " starting ahead of time ".The cost of making infrared shadow shield also is very high.
Optical touch screen systems depends on the combination of the algorithm of line sweep or face image camera, digital signal processing, front or back lighting and definite touch point.Many optical touch screen systems utilizations are carried out imaging along the line scan cameras of touch screen surface orientation to shadow shield.Like this, system can follow the tracks of moving near any object of touch screen surface by the variation of surveying the illumination light that light source (for example infrared light supply) sent.For example, infrarede emitting diode (IR-LED) or special reflecting surface can pass the surface emitting infrared light of touch-screen.Optical touch screen technology has some merits and demerits of infrared touch panel technology.One of them shortcoming is to touch usually and just in time is recorded before the actual touch touch screen surface at finger or object.The most important advantage of Optical touch screen technology is along with the increase cost raising of size is less, and to have higher in fact resolution and data transfer rate, and this changes better drag and drop performance into.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of touch-screen system that is used to distinguish the user interactions state.Touch-screen system of the present invention can roughly be estimated tracking mode and drag state and do not consider the directed of user and do not rely on touch pressure or touch the direct sensing of area.Described touch-screen system comprises touch-screen, at least two detector and signal processors near described touch-screen.Described detector can be line scan cameras, face smear camera or phototransistor.Described touch-screen system will typically comprise the light source that is used to illuminate object.Described detector will be surveyed the illuminance that is caused by the object with described touch screen interaction and change.
First detector produces first signal, first image of the object of described first signal representative and touch screen interaction.Second detector produces secondary signal, second image of the object of described secondary signal representative and touch screen interaction.Described signal processor object computer executable instruction, described instruction is used for described first signal is handled determining the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object, and described secondary signal is handled to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of described object.For example, described approximate coordinates can utilize the parallax computing method to determine.
Described signal processor calculates approximated touch area based on the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object and described second pair of outer peripheral approximate coordinates then.If described approximated touch area is less than or equal to threshold touch area, then described signal processor is determined the object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction.If described approximated touch area is greater than described threshold touch area, then described signal processor is determined the object indication selection mode with described touch screen interaction.When the object indicators track state of known and described touch screen interaction, can set up described threshold touch area by calibrating described touch-screen system.
If with the object indication selection mode of described touch screen interaction, then described signal processor monitoring is from the follow-up signal of described detector, to determine whether described object moves with respect to described touch-screen.If described object moves with respect to described touch-screen, then described signal processor recomputate described approximated touch area and the touch area determining to recomputate whether still more than or equal to described threshold touch area.If the described touch area that recomputates more than or equal to described threshold touch area, is then determined to drag state with the object indication of described touch screen interaction.If the described touch area that recomputates is less than described threshold touch area, then described signal processor is determined the object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction.If indicate selection mode, drag state or tracking mode with the object of described touch screen interaction, determine then whether described object becomes and can't be detected by described first detector and second detector.Can't be detected by described first detector and second detector if described object becomes, then determine to indicate out-of-bounds state with the object of described touch screen interaction.
Can touch the object that area and relatively large second touches area for finger, stylus or other can produce first with the object of described touch screen interaction.For example, described object can comprise stylus, and described stylus has from the outstanding spring-loaded plunger in the tip of described stylus, and described plunger produces relative less touch area with described touch screen interaction the time.When described spring applies enough pressure, described plunger retraction makes the tip of described stylus contact and produce relatively large touch area with described touch-screen in the tip of described stylus.These and other feature of the present invention will be described with claim in the detail specifications below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings further.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the touch-screen system according to certain exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram according to the assembly that comprises computing equipment of the touch-screen system of certain exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 3 comprises Fig. 3 A and 3B, show according to certain exemplary of the present invention, under tracing mode with the finger of touch screen interaction;
Fig. 4 comprises Fig. 4 A and 4B, show according to certain exemplary of the present invention, under preference pattern with the finger of touch screen interaction;
Fig. 5 is according to certain exemplary of the present invention, is used to understand the reference diagram of exemplary triangulation calculation, and described triangulation calculation can be used for roughly estimating to touch area;
Fig. 6 comprises Fig. 6 A and 6B, shows the special stylus that can be used for according in certain exemplary of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram that is used to distinguish the illustrative methods of tracking mode and selection mode in the touch-screen system that is illustrated in according to certain exemplary of the present invention; And
Fig. 8 shows the constitutional diagram of the sequence of operation of certain exemplary.
Embodiment
The invention provides the touch-screen system and the method that are used for approximate at least four interaction modes, these these interaction modes comprise: (1) is state out-of-bounds; (2) tracking mode; (3) selection mode and (4) drag state.System and method of the present invention is provided at the function of discerning between a plurality of interaction modes, and no matter the direction that user's finger, stylus or other touch object how, and need not to rely on the direct sensing in touch pressure or zone.Describe illustrative embodiments of the present invention hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, identical in the accompanying drawings label is represented components identical.
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic sketch of exemplary touch screen system 100.As employed in this article, term " touch-screen system " means touch-screen 110 and hardware and/or the software element that touches measuring ability is provided.Exemplary touch-screen system 100 is shown as contiguous display device (that is video monitor) 190.Display device 190 can be connected to carry out and be used to detect on touch-screen 110 or near the personal computer of the software of the touch it or other calculation element (referring to Fig. 2).The diagrammatic sketch of touch-screen system 100 contiguous display device 190 is represented the exemplary application of touch-screen system 100 in Fig. 1.For example, touch-screen system 100 can be arranged on and/or be fixed on the place ahead of display device 190, and is mutual with it so that the user can watch the vision output of display device 190 and pass through touch-screen 110.
Therefore, touch-screen system 100 can have the covering that is used for existing display device 190 or upgrade and use.Other application that it should be understood, however, that exemplary touch screen system 100 is also expected by the present invention.For example, touch-screen system 100 can be used as the integrated component of display device 190, and in this case can also be as the display screen that is used for display device 190.Exemplary touch-screen system 100 can be used in combination with the display device 190 of all sizes and size, includes but not limited to the display screen of less hand-held device, such as mobile phone, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), pager or the like.
It is transparent and/or translucent that at least a portion of touch-screen 110 is generally, so that image or other target can be watched by touch-screen 110, and the energy of light and/or other form can be within touch-screen 110 or by touch-screen 110 (for example, by reflection or refraction) transmission.For example, touch-screen 110 can be by plastics or thermoplastic (for example, acrylic acid, plexiglas, polycarbonate or the like) and/or glass-like materials formation.In some embodiments, touch-screen can be polycarbonate or the glass material that is bonded to acryhic material.As is known to the person skilled in the art, touch-screen 110 can also be made of other material.The coating that touch-screen 110 can also dispose durable (for example, anti-scratch and/or pulverizing).Touch-screen 110 can comprise or can not comprise framework or protecgulum,, centers on the outer box or the shell of touch-screen 110 peripheries that is.
Touch-screen system 100 comprises energy source 120, and it for example is configured to launch that form is the energy (, being commonly referred to " energy beam " in this article for easy) of pulse, ripple, bundle or the like.Energy source 120 is arranged within one or more edges of touch-screen 110 or neighbouring (for example, approaching with the edge) usually.Energy source 120 can be launched the energy of one or more types.For example, energy source 120 can be launched infrared (IR) energy.Perhaps, energy source 120 can visible emitting energy (for example, with one or more frequencies or spectrum).
The energy beam 150 of the front surface 111 that passes touch-screen 110 of being reflected is detected by detector 130,131.Detector 130,131 can be configured to monitor and/or detected energy bundle 150 in variation (change, or the like).The direction that depends on energy source 120 and detector 130,131, energy beam 150 can have " backlight (back-lighting) " or " preceding light (fore-lighting) " effect on finger, stylus or other object of contact touch-screen 110.Under the backlight situation, on touch-screen 110 front surfaces or near touch can cause the interruption of the energy beam 150 of reflection appear as shade or profile (, energy disappearance) when device 130,131 is surveyed so that touch location is detected.Under preceding smooth situation, will in detector 130,131, appear as the zone of energy density increase by the energy of finger, contact pilotage or the reflection of other object.
In some embodiments, detector 130,131 and/or software can be used filtering to strengthen the detection of energy beam Strength Changes.Yet the strength difference between energy beam 150 and the ambient noise may be enough to eliminate the needs to filtering.See below such that Fig. 2 discusses, can handle by video processing unit (for example, digital signal processor) and/or calculation element by the information signal that detector 130,131 generates.
Detector 130,131 can be arranged within the touch-screen 110 or neighbouring (for example, approaching with it), so that detector 130,131 can monitor and/or detect the energy beam 150 near touch screen surface the energized plane.If necessary, depend on the position of detector 130,131, can use reverberator and/or prism to allow detector 130,131 detected energy bundles 150.In the example shown in Fig. 1, detector 130,131 is arranged within the bottom margin of touch-screen 110 or along this edge setting, has a detecting device in the every nook and cranny.In preferred embodiment, comprise two separate detector at least, so that it is the position that touches can be determined by triangulation technique, as mentioned below.
Detector 130,131 can be to detect any device of variation that (for example, imaging, monitor or the like) passes the energy beam 150 of touch-screen 110 front surface reflections.For example, suitable detector 130,131 can be a kind of in the multiple camera, such as sector scanning or line scanning (for example, numeral) camera.This sector scanning or line scan camera can be based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (CMOS) or charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and it is known in the field.In addition, because detector 130,131 need not to obtain detailed color image, therefore monochromatic (for example, gray scale) camera can be enough.
Although the common specific energy of camera enough in touch-screen system 100 (the detector means costliness of) other type for example, photodiode or phototransistor, camera provides bigger touch accuracy of detection such as photodetector.As known in the art, sector scanning or line scan camera (camera that especially has monochromatic performance) are usually cheap than being configured to obtain detail image and/or having a camera of color detection performance.Therefore, cost-effective relatively sector scanning or line scan camera can be touch-screen system 100 accurate touch screen performance are provided.Yet, should be appreciated that according to other embodiment of the present invention, other device also can be used to provide the function of detector 130,131.
Therefore, touch-screen system 100 of the present invention is configured to come senses touch (for example, by finger, stylus or other object) based on the variation near the detected energy beam 150 that forms energized plane touch screen surface.Energy beam 150 is monitored by detector 130,131.Detector 130,131 can be configured to the variation (for example, reduce or increase) of the intensity of detected energy bundle 150.As skilled in the art to understand, permission is carried out the output performance that enough detects required energy source 120 by detecting device can be based on multiple factor, such as the expected loss of the size of touch-screen 110, touch-screen system 100 inside (for example, 2 losses of 1/ distance) and the speed of the expected loss that causes by surrounding medium (for example, air), detector 110 or time shutter characteristic, surround lighting characteristic or the like.As discussing with reference to the following drawings, detector 130,131 will be relevant with energy beam 150 (or variation wherein) data transmission to the calculation element (not shown), this calculation element is carried out and is used for processing said data and calculates software with respect to the touch location of touch-screen 110.
Fig. 2 is the calcspar that shows the exemplary touch screen system that is connected to example calculation device 201 100 of some embodiment according to the present invention.Calculation element 201 can functionally be connected to touch-screen system 100 by circuit or wireless connections.Exemplary calculation element 201 can be any type by the processor device driven, such as personal computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), numeral and/or cell phone, beeper, video game apparatus or the like.These or other type be conspicuous for those skilled in the art by the processor device driven.As employed in this article, term " processor " can mean the programmable logic device (PLD) of any type, comprises the microprocessor or the similar device of other type arbitrarily.
Calculation element 201 can comprise for example processor 202, Installed System Memory 204 and various system interface components 206.Processor 202, Installed System Memory 204, digital signal processing (DSP) unit 205 and system interface components 206 can be passed through system bus 208 functional connections.System interface components 206 can make processor 202 communicate by letter with peripheral unit.For example, memory device interface 210 can provide processor 202 and memory storage 211 (for example, dismountable and/or non-removable), such as disc driver, between interface.Network interface 212 also can be provided as the interface between processor 202 and the network communication device (not shown), so that calculation element 201 can be connected to network.
Display screen interface 214 can provide the interface between processor 202 and the display device 190 (shown in Fig. 1).The touch-screen 110 of touch-screen system 100 can be arranged on the place ahead of the display device 190 with himself display screen 192, perhaps otherwise connects or is mounted to display device 190.Perhaps, touch-screen 110 can be used as the display screen 192 of display device 190.One or more I/O (" I/O ") port interface 216 can be provided as the interface between processor 202 and a plurality of input and/or the output unit.For example, the detector 130,131 of touch-screen system 100 or other suitable element can be connected to calculation element 201 or provide input signal by input port interface 216 to processor 202 by input port.Similarly, the energy source 120 of touch-screen system 100 can be connected to calculation element 201 and can receive output signal from processor 202 by output port interface 216 by output port.
A plurality of program modules can be stored in Installed System Memory 204 and/or any other computer-readable medium of being associated with memory storage 211 (for example, hard disk drive) in.Program module can comprise operating system 217.This program module also can comprise information display program module 219, and it comprises the computer executable instructions that is used on display screen 192 display image or out of Memory.The others of this illustrative embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in touch-screen control program module 221, and this module is used for the detector 130,131 of control energy source 120 and/or touch-screen system 100 and/or is used for calculating with respect to the touch location of touch-screen 110 and discerning interaction mode based on the signal that receives from detector 130,131.
Some embodiment of the present invention can comprise the DSP unit, is used to carry out the some or all functions that belong to touch-screen control program module 221.As known in the art, DSP unit 205 can be configured to the calculating (comprising filtering, data sampling, triangulation and other calculating) of the many types of execution and the modulation in control energy source 120.DSP unit 205 can comprise a series of scanning imagers, digital filter and the comparer of realizing with software.Therefore DSP unit 205 can be programmed touch location and the identification interaction mode that is used to calculate with respect to touch-screen 110, as described herein.
Can be configured to the computer-readable instruction of carrying out each program module by the processor 202 of operating system 217 controls.Method of the present invention may be implemented in these computer-readable instructions.In addition, the image or the out of Memory that are shown by information display program module 219 can be stored in one or more information data files 223, on any computer-readable medium that information data file 223 can be stored in calculation element 201 is associated.
As mentioned above, as user on touch-screen 110 or when touching in its vicinity, pass in the intensity of energy beam 150 on touch-screen 110 surfaces and will occur changing.Detector 130,131 be configured to detect the energy beam 150 that passes touch-screen 110 surface reflections intensity and should be enough sensitivity to detect the variation in this intensity.The information signal that is produced by the detector 130,131 of touch-screen system 100 and/or other element can be used for determining with respect to the touch location of touch-screen 110 (and therefore with respect to display screen 192) by calculation element 201 and discern this touch and whether represent selection mode, tracking mode or drag state.Calculation element 201 also can be determined on touch-screen 110 or near the suitable response of the touch it.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, can periodically be handled by calculation element 201 from the data of detector 130,131, be directed to the typical intensity level of the energy beam 150 that passes touch-screen 110 surfaces with monitoring energy beam 150 when not having touch.This permission system solves and reduces thus the influence of the variation of ambient light levels or other environmental baseline.When needs, calculation element 201 can increase or reduce the intensity by the energy beam 150 of energy source 120 emissions alternatively.Subsequently, if detector 130,131 detects the variation of the intensity of energy beam 150, then calculation element 201 can be handled this information to determine having occurred touch on touch-screen 110 or near it.
For example, can be by handling the information that receives from each detector 130,131 and carrying out one or more known trigonometric calculations and determine touch location with respect to touch-screen 110.As example, calculation element 201 can be from each detector 130,131 reception information, and detector 130,131 can be used to discern with respect to regional location each detector 130,131, that energy beam intensity increases or reduces.Can determine about the one or more pixels of touch-screen 110 or the coordinate of virtual pixel with respect to regional location each detector 130,131, that energy beam intensity reduces.Then, can be based on the geometric condition between the detector 130,131, to respect to each detector, energy beam intensity increases or the regional location that reduces carries out triangulation, so that determine the actual touch position with respect to touch-screen 110.Determine to illustrate with reference to the following drawings by the calculating that touches represented interaction mode.Be used for determining that any this calculating of touch location and/or interaction mode can comprise the algorithm that can use, be used for compensate (damage of for example, lens distortion, environmental baseline, touch-screen 110 or the barrier on it or the like).
Fig. 3 comprises Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, shows the mutual of user and exemplary touch-screen 110.User interactions among the embodiment that illustrates is intended to represent tracking mode.The user points a part (or other object) of 302 and enters near the touch screen surface energized plane (being formed by energy beam 150), perhaps " suspensions " near touch screen surface and do not contact with it, perhaps the less relatively pressure of usefulness contacts with touch-screen.Two detectors 130,131 (are referred to as Camera for convenience
0(camera
0) and Camera
1(camera
1)) generate the indication energized plane Strength Changes, and thereby indication have the information signal that touches.
The view data that detector 130,131 is caught can be handled and explain, with the indicated interaction mode of approximate touch.For example, can be in a known manner to Camera
0Output handle, to determine that extending to the user from first reference point (for example, the angle 303 of touch-screen 110) points 302 the slope (m of line of first pair of outward flange 304,306 of part in the visual field of detector 130
0aAnd m
0b).Equally, can be to Camera
1Output handle, to determine that extending to the user from second reference point (for example, the angle 305 of touch-screen 110) points 302 the slope (m of line of second pair of outward flange 308,310 of part in the visual field of detector 131
1aAnd m
1b).The selection of reference point (for example, angle 303 and 305) depends on detector 130,131 geometries with respect to touch-screen 110 certainly.Article four, the oblique line (m that calculates
0a, m
0b, m
1aAnd m
1b) the point of crossing then can be used for approximate user and point 302 the surface areas (S) of part in the visual field of detector 130,131.The user is pointed 302 the surface areas (S) of part in the visual field of detector 130,131 herein and be called " touch area ", not necessarily need contacting of reality although should be appreciated that as mentioned above between finger 302 (or other objects) and the touch-screen 110.
Opposite with tracking mode embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, the user interactions shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B is intended to expression and selects or " click " state.The user points a part (or other object) of 302 and enters near (or remaining on) touch screen surface energized plane, and uses the pressure contact touch screen surface bigger than the pressure among the embodiment of Fig. 3.Two detectors 130,131 generate once more the indication energized plane Strength Changes, and thereby indication have the information signal that touches.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, the user points 302 can enter energized plane from position out-of-bounds.Alternatively, the user finger position in energized plane can change, so that it becomes from previous suspension (noncontact) position and contacts with touch screen surface or increase pressure on touch screen surface.
Equally, can be in a known manner to Camera
0Output handle, with determine from first reference point (for example, the angle 303 of touch-screen 110) extend to the user point 302 in the visual field of detector 130 part first pair of outward flange 304 ', 306 ' line slope (m '
0aAnd m '
0b).Similarly, can be to Camera
1Output handle, with determine from second reference point (for example, the angle 305 of touch-screen 110) extend to the user point 302 in the visual field of detector 131 part second pair of outward flange 308 ', 310 ' line slope (m '
1aAnd m '
1b).Article four, the oblique line that calculates (m '
Oa, m '
0b, m '
1aAnd m '
1b) the point of crossing then can be used for approximate touch area (S ').
As a comparison, Fig. 4 A with solid line show the oblique line of representing selection mode (m '
Oa, m '
0b, m '
1aAnd m '
1b) and touch area (S '), and be shown in broken lines the oblique line (m of expression tracking mode (Fig. 3)
Oa, m
0b, m
1aAnd m
1b) and touch area (S).As shown in the figure, the touch area (S ') of expression selection mode is greater than the touch area (S) of expression selection mode.This points 302 because of the user is soft, and when the user contacts touch-screen (or increase on touch-screen pressure) when selecting, the user point 302 in contact point distortion (or after contact pressure increases, having bigger distortion) to cover bigger area on the touch screen surface.
Calculation element 201 can be used for touch-screen system 100 is calibrated, to specify the threshold touch area of expression tracking mode.After calibration, calculation element 201 can be programmed to the touch area that exceeds threshold touch area that will calculate, " selection " is appointed as in any touch that detects.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that exemplary calibration steps comprises that the prompting user carries out tracking operation with respect to touch-screen 110, carries out the user and calculate the touch area that touches area, will calculate then when following the tracks of operation and add that optional error or " hysteresis " value are stored as threshold touch area.
In some embodiments, calibration steps can the user point 302 or stylus automatically perform when static.This calibration steps hypothesis a period of time before applying extra pressure representative " selection " operation, user's finger or stylus remain on stable " tracking " pattern.To those skilled in the art, other method that is used to calibrate exemplary touch-screen system 100 will be conspicuous, therefore also should be considered within the scope of the invention.
In some embodiments, can use following exemplary triangulation calculation to come approximate touch area.Can understand these formula best with reference to Fig. 5.Yet, should be noted that Fig. 5 only is provided as exemplary reference.
At first, order:
Camera is positioned at y=0, and at a distance of the distance of 1 unit,
m
0a=Camera
0The slope at observed first edge,
m
0b=Camera
0The slope at observed second edge,
m
0c=m
0aAnd m
0bAverage,
m
1a=Camera
1The slope at observed first edge,
m
1b=Camera
1The slope at observed second edge,
m
1c=m
1aAnd m
1bAverage,
(x
0a, y
0a)=m
0aAnd m
1cIntersection point,
(x
0b, y
0b)=m
0bAnd m
1cIntersection point,
(x
0c, y
0c)=m
0cAnd m
1cIntersection point, the touch center,
(x
1a, y
1a)=m
1aAnd m
0cIntersection point,
(x
1b, y
1b)=m
1bAnd m
0cIntersection point,
With (x
0c, y
0c) identical, and r
0=from Camera
0To the distance at touch center,
r
1=from Camera
1To the distance at touch center,
w
0=point (x
0a, y
0a) to (x
0b, y
0b) width or distance,
w
1=point (x
1a, y
1a) to (x
1b, y
1b) width or distance,
Then, use following formula to calculate by Camera
0Width (the w of observed touch area
0):
x
0a＝m
1c/(m
0a-m
1c)
y
0a＝m
0a*x
0a
x
0b＝m
1c/(m
0b-m
1c)
y
0b＝m
0b*x
0b
x
0c＝m
1c/(m
0b-m
1c)
y
0c＝m
0b*x
0c
r
0＝sqrt(x
0c 2+y
0c 2)
Similarly formula can be used to calculate by Camera
1Width (the w of observed touch area
1).After width is found the solution, can use following formula to calculate and touch area (S):
S＝w
0*w
1
Wherein, w
0Be by Camera
0The width of the touch area that detects, w
1Be by Camera
1The width of the touch area that detects.
Fig. 6 comprises Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, shows simple stylus 602, and it is modified to and can allows a plurality of touch areas based on applied pressure.Stylus 602 comprises spring-loaded plunger 604, and it is designed in the tip 606 of retraction stylus 602 when enough pressure puts on spring 608.Like this, when stylus 602 is suspended near the of touch-screen 110 or contact touch-screen 110 and its insufficient pressure with compression spring 608, plunger 604 will keep giving prominence to from most advanced and sophisticated 606.Detector 130,131 will be surveyed the existence of plunger 604, and calculation element 201 will calculate based on the plunger size that detects and touch area (S).On the contrary, when stylus 602 contacts with touch-screen 100 with enough pressure and during compression spring 608, plunger 604 is in the retraction tip 606, most advanced and sophisticated 606 contact touch-screens 110.The touch area that calculation element 201 will enlarge based on the size calculating of the stylus tip 606 that detects (S ').
The stylus 602 of Fig. 6 is designed to be similar to finger 302 operations, and it produces the touch area that enlarges when exerting pressure.Other stylus designs also can be finished similar function.For example, can provide similar function by the stylus with rubber tip, this rubber tip (on area) when being applied in pressure enlarges.Therefore, not only can be used for indicating but also can be used for indicating any stylus of larger area or other object all to can be used for according to the embodiment of the present invention than small size.
Fig. 7 shows and is used to distinguish tracking mode, selection mode and the process flow diagram of the illustrative methods 700 of state out-of-bounds.Method 700 determines whether that in step 702 near the energized plane touch-screen detects finger or stylus then from starting block 701.If do not detect finger or stylus, this method then enters step 704, and the indication interaction mode is " out-of-bounds ".After step 704, this method is got back to step 702 and is more handled.When detect finger or stylus in step 702 after, this method enters step 706, the image that first detector is caught is handled, to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of finger or stylus.For example, can utilize slope line calculations to determine these coordinates.Next,, the image that second detector is caught is handled, to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of finger or stylus in step 708.In step 710, use the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of two couples of finger or stylus to calculate approximated touch area.
After step 710 had been calculated approximated touch area, this method entered step 712 and determines that whether this approximated touch area is greater than threshold touch area.Threshold touch area can be determined by the calibration to touch-screen system 100, or can be specified by system operator or supvr.If approximated touch area is greater than threshold touch area, then at step 712 indication selection mode.If approximated touch area is not more than threshold touch area, then at step 714 indicators track state.From step 712 or 714, this method turns back to step 702 and more handles.
It will be apparent for a person skilled in the art that touch location calculation can or carry out concurrently with the computation sequence of approximate interaction mode ground.Thereby by the continuous selection mode of iteration indication of illustrative methods 700, so, this continuous selection mode will be considered to the state of dragging if detect moving of finger or stylus.Indicate continuous tracking mode to combine with the mobile phase of finger or stylus then can be considered to for example is to need cursor to follow finger or stylus.
Fig. 8 shows the view of the sequence of operation of certain illustrative embodiments of the present invention.When the touch area that detects user's finger or stylus near the energized plane touch-screen 110 and calculate is confirmed as being less than or equal to threshold touch area, indicators track state 802.If finger or stylus do not move (that is, the speed that detects is about zero), then indicate steady state (SS) 804.During steady state (SS) 804, alternatively, can calibrate threshold touch area, for example, with it as background process.Steady state (SS) 804 times, if finger or stylus begin to move (that is, the speed that detects is greater than zero) and the touch area that calculates keeps being less than or equal to threshold touch area, indicators track state 802 once more then.
Steady state (SS) 804 times,, then indicate selection mode 806 if the touch area that calculates is confirmed as greater than threshold touch area.If finger or stylus begin to move when indication selection mode 806, then indication drags state 808.When indication selection mode 806 or the state 808 of dragging, if the touch area that calculates be confirmed as being less than or equal to threshold touch area (that is, and finger or stylus be promoted to small part away from touch-screen 110), then indication stops selection mode 810.Stopping selection mode 810 times,, then indicating steady state (SS) 804 once more if finger or stylus remain in the energized plane.In tracking mode 802, steady state (SS) 804 or stop selection mode 810 times,, then indicate out-of-bounds state 112 if finger or stylus are promoted to fully away from touch-screen 110.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the state machine diagram of Fig. 8 only is exemplary, state and state exchange additional and/or that replace all are possible.For example, other embodiment of the present invention can be configured to from tracking mode 802 and directly is converted to selection mode 806 or drags state 808.Similarly, in some embodiments, the present invention can be configured to from selection mode 806 or drags state 808 and directly is converted to tracking mode 802 or state 812 out-of-bounds.Therefore, scope of the present invention does not trend towards being limited to the exemplary state machine synoptic diagram of Fig. 8, is not limited to the exemplary process diagram of Fig. 6 yet.
Those of skill in the art also will appreciate that, some function of illustrative embodiments of the present invention can provide by the program module of any kind and quantity, and these program modules can be created and can be stored in the calculation element 201 (also can not) this locality with any programming language.For example, calculation element 201 can comprise and can be configured to carry out the webserver, client computer or the equipment that is stored in the program module on other network equipment and/or is used to control the touch-screen system of long-range setting.
Based on foregoing, as seen the invention provides improved touch-screen system, it can be similar to follows the tracks of and drags state, and no matter touch direction, and need not to depend on direct sensing touch pressure and area.Many other modifications of the present invention, feature and embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art.For example, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention all are useful and suitable to various touch-screens, these touch-screens include but not limited to: optical touch screen, IR touch-screen and capacitive touch screen.Therefore, should be realized that above-described many aspects of the present invention all only are exemplary, and do not trend towards necessary or important element, unless expressly stated otherwise, into the present invention.
Therefore, should be appreciated that mentioned abovely only relate to some embodiment of the present invention, it can have a large amount of changes and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the claims.Be also to be understood that to the invention is not restricted to described embodiment, can make various modifications within the scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. method that is used to distinguish the user interactions state in touch-screen system comprises:
Reception is from first signal of first detector of described touch-screen system, first image of described first signal representative and the object of touch screen interaction;
Reception is from the secondary signal of second detector of described touch-screen system, second image of described secondary signal representative and the described object of described touch screen interaction;
Described first signal is handled to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object;
Described secondary signal is handled to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of described object;
Calculate approximated touch area based on the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object and described object;
If described approximated touch area is less than or equal to threshold touch area, then determine object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction;
If described approximated touch area, is then determined the object indication selection mode with described touch screen interaction greater than described threshold touch area.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein utilize parallax to calculate to determine described first pair of outer peripheral approximate coordinates and described second pair of outer peripheral approximate coordinates.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein when the object indicators track state of known and described touch screen interaction, set up described threshold touch area by calibrating described touch-screen system.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein the operator by described touch-screen system sets up described threshold touch area.
5. the method for claim 1 further comprises:
If, determine then whether described object becomes and can't be detected by described first detector and second detector with the object indication selection mode or the tracking mode of described touch screen interaction;
Can't be detected by described first detector and second detector if described object becomes, then determine to indicate out-of-bounds state with the object of described touch screen interaction.
6. the method for claim 1 further comprises:
If, determine then whether described object moves with respect to described touch-screen with the object indication selection mode of described touch screen interaction;
If described object moves with respect to described touch-screen, then recomputate described approximated touch area and the touch area determining to recomputate whether still more than or equal to described threshold touch area; And
If the described touch area that recomputates still more than or equal to described threshold touch area, is then determined to drag state with the object indication of described touch screen interaction.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 further comprises:
If the described touch area that recomputates not is more than or equal to described threshold touch area, then determine object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction.
8. method as claimed in claim 6 further comprises:
If indicate selection mode, drag state or tracking mode with the object of described touch screen interaction, determine then whether described object becomes and can't be detected by described first detector and second detector;
Can't be detected by described first detector and second detector if described object becomes, then determine to indicate out-of-bounds state with the object of described touch screen interaction.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein said first detector and second detector all are selected from line scan cameras, face smear camera and phototransistor.
10. touch-screen system that is used to distinguish the user interactions state comprises:
Touch-screen;
First detector, close described touch-screen also is used to produce first signal, first image of the object of described first signal representative and described touch screen interaction;
Second detector, close described touch-screen also is used to produce secondary signal, second image of the described object of described secondary signal representative and described touch screen interaction;
Signal processor is used for the object computer executable instruction, and described instruction is used for:
Described first signal is handled to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object;
Described secondary signal is handled to determine the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of described object;
Calculate approximated touch area based on the outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the second couple of outer peripheral approximate coordinates of the first couple of described object and described object;
If described approximated touch area is less than or equal to threshold touch area, then determine object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction;
If described approximated touch area, is then determined the object indication selection mode with described touch screen interaction greater than described threshold touch area.
11. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11 wherein, utilizes parallax to calculate to determine described first pair of outer peripheral approximate coordinates and described second pair of outer peripheral approximate coordinates.
12. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11 wherein, when the object indicators track state of known and described touch screen interaction, is set up described threshold touch area by calibrating described touch-screen system.
13. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said signal processor is also carried out the computer executable instructions that is used for following operation:
If, determine then whether described object becomes and can't be detected by described first detector and second detector with the object indication selection mode or the tracking mode of described touch screen interaction;
Can't be detected by described first detector and second detector if described object becomes, then determine to indicate out-of-bounds state with the object of described touch screen interaction.
14. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said signal processor is also carried out the computer executable instructions that is used for following operation:
If, determine then whether described object moves with respect to described touch-screen with the object indication selection mode of described touch screen interaction;
If described object moves with respect to described touch-screen, then recomputate described approximated touch area and the touch area determining to recomputate whether still more than or equal to described threshold touch area; And
If the described touch area that recomputates still more than or equal to described threshold touch area, is then determined to drag state with the object indication of described touch screen interaction.
15. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 14, wherein said signal processor is also carried out the computer executable instructions that is used for following operation:
If the described touch area that recomputates less than described threshold touch area, is then determined the object indicators track state with described touch screen interaction.
16. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said signal processor is also carried out the computer executable instructions that is used for following operation:
If indicate selection mode, drag state or tracking mode with the object of described touch screen interaction, determine then whether described object becomes and can't be detected by described first detector and second detector;
Can't be detected by described first detector and second detector if described object becomes, then determine to indicate out-of-bounds state with the object of described touch screen interaction.
17. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said first detector and second detector all are selected from line scan cameras, face smear camera and phototransistor.
18. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11 further comprises being used to illuminate described object to light source; And
Wherein said first detector and second detector are surveyed the illuminance that is caused by the object with described touch screen interaction and are changed.
19. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said object comprises user's finger.
20. touch-screen system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said object comprises stylus, and described stylus has from the outstanding spring-loaded plunger in the tip of described stylus, and described plunger produces relative less touch area with described touch screen interaction the time; And
Wherein, when when described spring applies enough pressure, described plunger retraction makes the tip of described stylus contact and produce relatively large touch area with described touch-screen in the tip of described stylus.
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| NZ554,416 | 2007-04-11 | ||
| NZ5544107 | 2007-04-11 | ||
| PCT/US2008/060102 WO2008128096A2 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2008-04-11 | Touch screen system with hover and click input methods |
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| CN101663637A true CN101663637A (en) | 2010-03-03 |
| CN101663637B CN101663637B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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