CN101659922B - Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system - Google Patents
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a closed raceway pond microalgae culture system, which consists of a carbon supply area, a culture area and an oxygen removal area and is closed by adopting an anti-fog film and a water seal mode. The bottom part of the culture area is provided with a heat exchange pipeline; the head space of the culture area is provided with a circulating ventilation system; and an online monitoring device for physiological, biochemical and nutrient elements is arranged in the culture area to realize the online monitoring and control for microalgae culture. The carbon supply area is provided with an enhanced carbon dioxide carbon supply device and an algae fluid circulating stirring device. The oxygen removal area has the functions of oxygen removal and a nutrient element charging pond, and the bottom of the oxygen removal area is provided with an air-blowing oxygen removal system. The carbon supply area and the culture area are communicated with each other; the oxygen removal area is closed singly; and culture fluid is communicated with the carbon supply area and the culture area through a downtank. The culture system has the advantages of less investment, easily amplified scale, good carbon supply effect, small biological pollution and the like, and can be used for sewage treatment, carbon dioxide gathering and residual heat utilization, thereby having remarkable economic benefit and excellent environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microalgae culture system, specifically, relate to a kind of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system.
Background technology
Utilizing biomass energy is one of main path of alleviating current energy dilemma and problem of environmental pollution as the energy.Little algae can utilize sun power and water, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO
2), by photosynthesis, the multiple biomass such as Synthetic Oil, starch, glucide, Mierocrystalline cellulose, and also the micro algae growth cycle is short, and biomass accumulation is far longer than terrestrial plant.Therefore, become a focus of current biomass energy research about the research of little algae.But how to cultivate little algae, improve micro algae biomass throughput and become the difficult point that current little algae utilizes research.
Existing little algae is cultivated and mainly carries out in bioreactor, has succeeded in developing so far bioreactor of a great variety, configurations, and the broad varietys such as open pond formula, horizontal tubular, vertical tubular, flexible bag-like are arranged.Representational two classes that mainly contain, i.e. raceway pond formula and closed photo bioreactor.The raceway pond formula cultivate be suitable for can open culture little algae, facility investment is lower, and can keep certain output in big area is produced, and is a large amount of generally culture systems of employing of little algae institute of cultivating of present commercial size.But this training method is directly exposed in air algae liquid, and is large with the air contact area, polluted by other biological, and algae liquid temp fluctuation is large, be difficult to realize good benefit carbon effect, and the impact of the weather conditions such as rained is large.And closed photo bioreactor can be used for the cultivation of most of little algaes, is easy to control culture condition and growth parameter(s), mends carbon effective, CO
2Utilising efficiency is high, and micro algae growth speed is fast, and culture density is high.Level convolution cast and vertical cast are wherein more typically arranged, be applicable to unsuitable open culture or the higher algae of economic worth, can prevent from polluting, keep monoculture, operation process can strictly be controlled, and the higher efficiency of light energy utilization is arranged, thereby can obtain higher biological density and output.But its cultivation scale should not be amplified, and equipment cost is high, and investment is large.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system, to overcome the defective that exists in background technology.
For achieving the above object, closed raceway pond microalgae culture system provided by the invention comprises the raceway pond of the circulation shape that is comprised of for reducing the deoxygenation district of nutrient solution oxygen concentration at least two cultivation regions that are used for cultivating little algae, benefit carbon district that at least one is used for capturing carbon dioxide gas and at least one; Wherein:
One end of cultivation region with mend the carbon district and be connected, the other end is connected with the deoxygenation district, be connected with cultivation region with the deoxygenation district the other end separately and mend the carbon district, guaranteed that the algae liquid in cultivation region, deoxygenation district and benefit carbon district is interconnected in three parts of raceway pond culture systems.This external cultivation region and the interface portion of mending the carbon district have been installed the mixed stirring device with the web wheel, and this device can guarantee that on the one hand algae liquid is mobile at the cultivation pool internal recycle, and abundant mixed algae liquid, make CO on the other hand
2Dissolving in algae liquid is more abundant, and the 3rd, guarantee not aggregate and precipitate of little algae, little phycobiont evenly is suspended in algae liquid.
The present invention is in order to give the well-off CO of little algae of cultivation region
2, can increase the quantity of mending the carbon district according to practical situation, concrete quantity is according to the CO that measures
2Whether satisfy little algae optimum growh speed and determine, if CO
2The higher needs that can satisfy little algae Fast Growth of concentration do not need to increase the quantity of mending the carbon district, mend carbon district quantity otherwise need to increase.
Carry out along with little algae is photosynthetic, can accumulate O in algae liquid
2, under the effect of Feedback mechanism, little algae photosynthetic rate reduces, and then the growth of little algae is affected.The number needs in deoxygenation district is according to oxygen concentration in algae liquid, arranges as principle not suppress micro algae growth speed.
O in the micro algae culturing liquid
2Thereby concentration raise to suppress micro algae growth, and the present invention is provided with the air-blowing device in the bottom in deoxygenation district, carries uncontaminated air in the algae liquid in the deoxygenation district, reduces oxygen concentration in algae liquid by the aeration effect, eliminates the oxygen quenching phenomenon.
Another characteristics of the present invention are closed systems.Adopt the mode of sealed cistern, cultivation region, mend the carbon district and the deoxygenation district carries out totally-enclosed.Tightness system is groove shape structure, is positioned at the raceway pond edge, and the water sealed tank outside is lower than the inboard.Spatially, cultivation region and the sealed cistern of mending the carbon district be one coherent whole, and the sealed cistern in deoxygenation district is the tightness system that is independent of cultivation region and mends the carbon district.
The present invention partly is provided with at least one cyclical breathing pipeline in the gas phase on cultivation region top, one end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by sterilization filter device, with regular displacement cultivation region upper gas, the gas of avoiding producing in the micro algae growth process is (as H
2S, NH
3Deng) accumulation.
In order to guarantee the CO of sufficient supplies micro algae growth demand
2, the present invention is provided with CO in the bottom in benefit carbon district
2Quick-fried device of air constantly replenishes CO in algae liquid according to the actual growing state of little algae
2Simultaneously in order to guarantee CO
2Fully be dissolved in algae liquid, mending the carbon district and adopted the structure of iris type.The bottom of mending in the carbon district is provided with several lower clapboards, is provided with upper spacer between lower clapboard, and adjacent upper spacer and the lower clapboard opening that interlocks up and down makes algae liquid be serpentine flow and crosses benefit carbon district; The top of each upper spacer is integrated sealing, has strengthened CO
2Dissolved efficiency.
The algae liquid temp is one of important environmental factor that affects micro algae growth, in order to reduce little algae cultivation to the dependency of envrionment temperature, the present invention has set heat exchanging pipe in the bottom of cultivation region, so that when summer, the algae liquid temp was higher, use water coolant that algae liquid is lowered the temperature, and when winter, the algae liquid temp was low, use heating water that algae liquid is heated.
For the physiological status of the little algae of detection and the composition variation of algae liquid in real time, the present invention is provided with a sampling line at least at cultivation region, and an end of this sampling line is not among algae liquid, and the other end extends outside enclosed space.Detecting except taking a sample, also set a large amount of on-line monitoring sensors, comprise pH meter, temperature sensor, photon sensor, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) sensor, nitrogen and phosphorus sensor, these sensors are connected with the operating device of outside by the sensor passage that arranges, and the installation of the sensor has guaranteed the changing conditions of some important parameters of the little algae of Real-Time Monitoring and algae liquid.
The present invention combines the advantage separately of known closed and two kinds of training methods of open raceway pond, has the advantages that biological pollution is little, the cultivation scale is easily amplified, cost is low.Simultaneously increased CO in this system
2Air admission system and heat exchange system, this is the CO of the dischargings such as waste heat of plant utilization and power station, steelworks
2Provide a good energy to reduce discharging mode, this system can be used for waste water control simultaneously, has good society and environmental benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the expansion side-view of closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cultivation region schematic side view.
Fig. 3 is the cultivation region schematic top plan view.
Fig. 4 mends carbon district schematic side view.
Fig. 5 mends carbon district schematic top plan view.
Fig. 6 is deoxygenation district schematic side view.
Fig. 7 is deoxygenation district schematic top plan view.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of embodiment 1.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the closed raceway pond microalgae culture apparatus of embodiment 2.
Major portion conventional letter in accompanying drawing
1. cultivation region; 2. mend the carbon district; 3. deoxygenation district; 4. water sealed tank; 5. sealed cistern water vent; 6. circulation agitator; 7. transparent sealed cover; 8. seal closure support; 9. briquetting; 10. heat exchanging pipe; 11.CO
2The quick-fried device of air of gas micropore; 12. air-blowing device; 13. sampling passage; 14. sensor passage; 15. circulation gas channel; 16. algae liquid; 17. cleaning opening; 18a. lower clapboard; 18b: upper spacer; 18c. dividing plate opening.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1, the expansion side-view of closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention.The present invention includes little algae cultivation region 1, CO
2The benefit carbon district 2 of gas trapping, reduce oxygen (O in nutrient solution
2) deoxygenation district 3, tightness system, the heat exchange series of the concentration various on-line monitoring sensors of unifying form.
The structure of cultivation region 1 is referring to Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, and its degree of depth is generally 15cm~50cm, and the degree of depth of algae liquid 16 is generally 10cm~30cm, is the main region of micro algae growth breeding.
Be the main growth place of little algae due to cultivation region, so the present invention is provided with one group of photon sensor in the algae liquid of cultivation region bottom and algae liquid surface, with the Real-Time Monitoring intensity of illumination.The photon sensor can be the total radiation sensor, can be also the photosynthetically active radiation sensor.Arrange on algae liquid surface the photon sensor can Real-Time Monitoring algae liquid the light intensity on surface, if light intensity too by force can reduce light intensity by shading screen is set, avoids little algae suppressed by light, even photo damage.Bottom algae liquid, the photon sensor is set, has two kinds of functions, first, whether monitoring bottom light intensity is the optimum growh light intensity of little algae, if light intensity is too strong, needs the processing of shading of algae liquid, if too, and the light intensity of top photon sensor is stronger, illustrates that algae liquid is too thick; The second, can according to the measurement difference of top photon sensor and bottom photon sensor, roughly estimate algae liquid frustule concentration.
Temperature is one of important environmental factor that affects micro algae growth, in the bottom of cultivation region of the present invention, heat exchanging pipe 10 has been installed, and this pipeline can utilize waste heat of plant that algae liquid is heated, and perhaps lowers the temperature by external water circulation.For the temperature variation of Real-Time Monitoring algae liquid, line temperature sensor has been installed in cultivation region.By the measurement of temperature sensor and the adjusting of heat exchange system, the temperature of algae liquid can be controlled at the optimum growth temp of little algae.
Micro algae growth need to be within the certain pH value scope, and because the present invention has increased carbonic acid gas (CO
2) air admission system, therefore needing the strict pH value of controlling algae liquid, the control of pH value need to be determined according to the algae kind.By being installed in cultivation region, the pH value that online pH meter can the whole algae liquid of Real-Time Monitoring changes, therefore, and also can be by adjusting CO
2Intake or other means pH value of regulating algae liquid.
Another the important physiological factor that affects micro algae growth is nutritive element, and the present invention is provided with sample sampling line 13 at cultivation region, so that the nutritional status of sampling monitoring algae liquid at any time.Also be provided with at cultivation region simultaneously the sensor passage 14 of sensor separately is installed.Directly buy from the market as for photon sensor, temperature sensor, pH meter, BOD sensor, COD sensor, nitrogen and phosphorus sensor that the present invention adopts, the concrete installation operates (this belongs to known technology) according to manufacturer's operation instruction.In cultivation region top accumulation, be provided with circulation gas channel 15 at cultivation region for the toxic and harmful avoiding producing in little algae culturing process or excessive oxygen, be used for regularly displacement cultivation region upper gas.
The structure in benefit carbon district 2 sees also Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, is mainly for replenishing CO to algae liquid
2Gas.In order to make CO
2Gas fully is dissolved among algae liquid, and this general degree of depth in benefit carbon district is at least 1m, the most deeply is no more than 3m.Mend the carbon district and adopt diaphragm structure (seeing Fig. 3), the bottom in whole benefit carbon district is provided with several lower clapboards 18a, is provided with a upper spacer 18b between every two lower clapboard 18a, and the top of each upper spacer is integrated sealing.Adjacent upper spacer 18b and lower clapboard 18a be for staggered up and down, on top or the bottom all leave staggered opening 18c, make algae liquid be serpentine flow and cross whole benefit carbon district.The unit that separates of the front-end and back-end in benefit carbon district is communicated with cultivation region, in the unit bottom that each dividing plate separates, CO is installed
2The quick-fried device of air 11 of gas micropore, this device can with the CO of power station or steelworks
2Exhaust system is connected.In addition, for the convenience that cleans, a sealable cleaning opening 17 is set at the top, unit that each separates.
Little algae is carrying out the photosynthetic while, can a large amount of releasing oxygen (O
2), if O in algae liquid or algae liquid upper air
2Excessive concentration can suppress micro algae growth.For airborne O in Real-Time Monitoring algae liquid and closed system
2Concentration is provided with respectively liquid and gas oxygen electrode (employing be known equipment and known technology) in algae liquid and air.Be provided with simultaneously deoxygenation district 3 (its structure sees also Fig. 6 and Fig. 7) after cultivation region, this deoxygenation district's employing sealing separately, algae liquid is communicated with cultivation region by the bottom down tank, guarantee that whole algae liquid can circulate, the bottom arranges air-blowing device 12, be used for carrying uncontaminated air to algae liquid, by the dissolved oxygen concentration in aeration effect reduction algae liquid, eliminate the oxygen quenching phenomenon.Simultaneously except supporting the district, circulation gas channel 15 being set, as the outlet of input air.
Cultivation region, benefit carbon district and inside, deoxygenation district are " recessed " type groove structure, and in cultivation region and deoxygenation district " recessed " type groove, without diaphragm structure, mending in carbon district " recessed " type groove has diaphragm structure.The degree of depth of mending the carbon district is the darkest, be deoxygenation district and cultivation region successively subsequently.The upper spacer height of mending two ends, carbon district is high than the liquid level in cultivation region, guarantees little algae under the resistance of upper spacer, upwards is, upwards,, again serpentine flow downwards downwards through benefit carbon district.Benefit carbon district liquid outlet one side is provided with and mixes moving device (known equipment and known technology), drives algae liquid and flows.Mend both sides, carbon district and directly be communicated with cultivation region algae liquid, the deoxygenation district separates with the sealed groove of cultivation region connecting portion algae liquid and extension, its underpart, and assurance algae liquid floods the sealing groove bottom, and bottom algae liquid interconnects.All there is sealing groove in whole zone, deoxygenation district, and this part is sealed separately the deoxygenation district.
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention edge is the water sealed tank 4 of a ring type, the width of water sealed tank 4 is 40cm~60cm, outer ledge is about 10cm~20cm, but guarantees that always outer ledge than more than the low 10cm in inside edge, can effectively drain the rainwater of accumulation.When the edge of transparent sealed cover 7 being placed on this water sealed tank 4 when interior, push down the sealing membrane edge with briquetting 9 or other article (sandbag), and be full of water in water sealed tank 4, so just can guarantee that raceway pond inside is in sealed state.Several closed sealing water sealed tank water vents 5 are set water sealed tank 4 is interior, emptying the water in water sealed tank during with convenient the cleaning.
In order to guarantee that water vapour can not be gathered on transparent sealed cover, the present invention adopts transparent antifogging film, and the edge of antifogging film is embedded in water sealed tank 4, and raceway pond top arranges support 8, is used for supporting antifogging film 7.The material of this antifogging film can be polyester (PET) material or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, and thickness is 0.02mm~0.8mm.If in summer, can be changed to the antifogging film of transmission 400nm~700nm, be unlikely to the too high inhibition micro algae growth of algae liquid temp.
For the algae liquid that promotes in whole raceway pond flows, at cultivation region with mend carbon district interface portion a circulation agitator 6 is set.This recirculation unit 6 adopts motor drives webs wheel to stir, and the height of web wheel is identical with algae liquid thickness, about 30cm, and web is taken turns width and is about 3/4 of cultivation region width.The two ends of this device are fixed on the two side of cultivation region, web wheel central shaft bottom cultivation region at the same level line.Be used for driving algae liquid circulating in raceway pond, another function is fully to stir algae liquid, and little algae is evenly suspended in algae liquid.
The present invention can be used for sewage disposal, therefore need to detect the variation of water quality, BOD, COD, total nitrogen, ammonia-state nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and total phosphorus are as topmost index, by increase BOD sensor, nitrogen and phosphorus on-line sensor (known technology in algae liquid, be not described in detail), the disposition of Real Time Monitoring sewage.The present invention simultaneously both can be used for the CO that little algae catches power station or steelworks discharging
2, the little algae that can be used for again having good health care, medical applications is worth or the little algae of the energy are cultivated.
The present invention can be used for cultivating little algae, comprises little algaes such as spirulina, anabena, Dunaliella salina, chlamydomonas, haematococcus pulvialis, chlorella, grid algae, Chaetoceros, brown branch algae, Skeletonema Greville, rhombus algae, Porphyridium cruentum and Rhodella reticulata.
Cultivation region of the present invention, mend the carbon district and the deoxygenation district can carry out the variation combination of various ways according to specific circumstances, for example, when the length of cultivation region is longer, can increase separately one or several in cultivating section mends the carbon district (namely the two ends in this benefit carbon district all connects cultivation region, and be not connected with the deoxygenation district), be used for replenishing CO to algae liquid
2Gas.
It is the culture systems (seeing Fig. 8) of ring type raceway pond according to closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention.Cultivation region 1, benefit carbon district 2 and ring type runway of deoxygenation district's 3 compositions, the length of above-mentioned integral part and width can be set according to practical situation.Cultivation region 1 and benefit carbon district's 3 use seal water systems and antifogging film carry out totally-enclosed, deoxygenation district's 3 sealings separately.Recirculation unit 7 is positioned at the connection portion of mending carbon district and cultivation region, and cultivation region 1 is connected upper gas and all is connected with outside filtration sterilization cyclical breathing system by pipeline with the deoxygenation district.At cultivation region 1 with mend carbon district 2 a sampling passage respectively is set, at the interior installation on-line pH value of cultivation region 1 sensor, temperature sensor, photon sensor, N and the monitoring equipments such as P sensor, BOD sensor, gas phase and Oxygen in Liquid electrode.This system can be used for large-scale little algae cultivation, sewage disposal and CO
2Capture.
Closed raceway pond microalgae culture system of the present invention can be combined into more complicated culture systems (seeing Fig. 9) as the case may be.This device can be by a plurality of cultivation regions 1, mend carbon district 2 and deoxygenation district 3 forms, and concrete quantity can arrange according to the actual needs.Cultivation region 1 and mend the carbon district and use seal water system to seal, deoxygenation district 3 seals separately.Because runway lengthens, therefore, increased CO
2Utilising efficiency, but need simultaneously to increase algae liquid recirculation unit.Cultivation region and deoxygenation district upper gas all are connected with outside filtration sterilization cyclical breathing system by pipeline, have guaranteed that upper gas can carry out recycling replacing at any time.At cultivation region 1 with mend carbon district 2 the sampling passage is set, at the interior installation on-line pH value of cultivation region 1 sensor, temperature sensor, photon sensor, N and the monitoring equipments such as P sensor, BOD sensor, gas phase and Oxygen in Liquid electrode.Because cultivation region 1 runway lengthens, can increase according to actual needs the quantity of various number of sensors and sampling passage, change in order to monitor at any time the various Physiology and biochemistries of little algae.This system also can be used for disposing of sewage on a large scale, capturing CO
2With the little algae of cultivation.
Claims (10)
1. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system comprises the circulation shape raceway pond that is comprised of for reducing the deoxygenation district of nutrient solution oxygen concentration at least two cultivation regions that are used for cultivating little algae, benefit carbon district that at least one is used for capturing carbon dioxide gas and at least one; Wherein:
The raceway pond edge is the water sealed tank of groove shape structure, and the water sealed tank outside is lower than the inboard;
Cultivation region in raceway pond and top, benefit carbon district are provided with transparent sealed cover, form cultivation region and the coherent enclosed space of mending the carbon district;
One end of cultivation region with mend the carbon district and be connected, the other end is connected with the deoxygenation district, benefit carbon district is connected with cultivation region again with the deoxygenation district the other end separately;
Mend between carbon district and cultivation region and be provided with the circulation agitator, flow with the algae liquid that promotes in raceway pond;
The bottom of cultivation region is provided with heat exchanging pipe, cultivation region is heated or lower the temperature; Be provided with the cyclical breathing pipeline in enclosed space above cultivation region and between transparent sealed cover, an end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by sterilization filter device;
Be provided with at least one sampling line in cultivation region, an end of this sampling line extends outside enclosed space;
The bottom of mending the carbon district is provided with the carbonic acid gas aerating apparatus, to replenish carbonic acid gas to the algae liquid of mending in the carbon district;
The bottom of mending in the carbon district arranges several lower clapboards, and lower clapboard is provided with upper spacer between the interval, and adjacent upper spacer and the lower clapboard opening that interlocks up and down makes algae liquid be serpentine flow and crosses benefit carbon district;
The top in deoxygenation district is provided with transparent sealed cover, forms relative cultivation region and mends independently enclosed space of carbon district, is provided with the cyclical breathing pipeline in enclosed space, and an end of this cyclical breathing pipeline is communicated with outside air regenerating device by sterilization filter device; The bottom in deoxygenation district is provided with except the oxygen aerated conduit, to replenish uncontaminated air in the algae liquid in the deoxygenation district, reduces the oxygen concentration in algae liquid; Two ends, deoxygenation district are connected with cultivation region by down tank.
2. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1 wherein, is provided with individually in cultivation region and mends the carbon district.
3. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, the algae liquid of cultivation region surface and bottom are provided with the photon sensor, carry out the Real-Time Monitoring intensity of illumination.
4. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 3, wherein, the photon sensor is total radiation sensor or photosynthetically active radiation sensor.
5. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, sensor passage is set, with mounting temperature sensor, pH value sensor, biological oxygen consumption quantity sensor, oxygen electrode, nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence instrument sensor in cultivation region.
6. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, transparent sealed cover is by stent support.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described closed raceway pond microalgae culture systems, wherein, transparent sealed cover is the selection light transmission function film with anti-fog function.
8. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 7, wherein, the selection light transmission function film with anti-fog function is polyester transparent antifogging film or polyvinyl chloride transparent antifogging film.
9. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1 wherein, is mended the degree of depth in carbon district and deoxygenation district greater than the degree of depth of cultivation region.
10. closed raceway pond microalgae culture system according to claim 1, wherein, little algae of cultivation comprises: spirulina, anabena, Dunaliella salina, chlamydomonas, haematococcus pulvialis, chlorella, grid algae, Chaetoceros, brown branch algae, Skeletonema Greville, rhombus algae, Porphyridium cruentum and Rhodella reticulata.
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JP7102597B1 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-07-19 | 三菱化工機株式会社 | Microalgae culture equipment |
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