CN101630419B - Structuring method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network - Google Patents
Structuring method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structuring method for a three-dimensional visualizing system of an urban synthesis pipeline network. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a central database for the urban synthesis pipeline network; establishing a two-dimensional texture database; setting a spatial data engine; reading and modeling to the central database and the texture database through the spatial data engine to construct overground and underground two-dimensional views and a three-dimensional visualization scene; and establishing a corresponding relation between two and three dimensional data planes and visual planes, wherein the data planes correspond to and the geographic coordinates of the two-dimensional view and the three-dimensional scene of the system, the visual planes correspond to various spacial geographical object models in the three-dimensional scene and map symbols of the two-dimensional view, the purpose of two-dimensional and three-dimensional linkage is achieved, the function which is not easy to realize in the three-dimensional scene or the macroscopic function is realized through the two-dimensional view, the function which cannot be realized in the two-dimensional view or the function which is less real is realized through the three-dimensional scene, so that the purpose of complementing each other is achieved, and the effective management of the urban synthesis pipeline network is further realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Computerized three-dimensional visualization technique field, relate in particular to a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network.
Background technology
Computerized three-dimensional is visual to be that computer realm is very popular and develop rapidly direction, great majority research all target tightening in making up three-dimensional object in the computing machine and the rediscover world true to nature on computer screen, at video display, game, military, scientific research field has very many application examples, along with the development of computer technology has brought huge change to three-dimensional visualization technique, three-dimensional visualization technique makes two dimension, static spatial information represents to three-dimensional, dynamic scene development, caused the spatial information three-dimensional visualization to become one of key character of GIS development, adopted computing machine to carry out three-dimensional visualization and can solve well the problem that exists in the conventional information administrative skill.
All kinds of underground pipe networks in city are important component parts of urban infrastructure, and it is day and night undertaking the work of transmission of information and conveying capacity just as the nerve in the human body and blood vessel, is the material base of depending on for existence and development in the city, is called as the lifeline in city.
China's urban construction has had develop rapidly over nearly more than 20 years, the original underground pipe network in city does not satisfy the needs of modernization development far away, the planning of the design and construction of the renewal of old pipe network, new pipe network, new pipe network all needs accurately to grasp the present situation of underground pipe network, and mainly there is the problem of following two aspects in the management of underground pipe network: on the one hand, because that most of pipeline is in is underground, bury darker, widely distributed, of a great variety, complex structure underground, the data volume of various data is large, the data long shelf-life, this brings huge difficult problem for design and the management of pipe network; On the other hand, current, all in all the management of China's Urban Buried Pipeline Network and research work still quite fall behind, existing underground professional pipe network data all is to preserve with the forms such as drawing, chart record, most area is still carried out design and the management of pipe network with manual mode, inefficiency, and can not provide accurately comprehensive pipeline information, can't satisfy urban construction, planning and city management department to the requirement of pipe network information, having restricted to a certain extent the development of national economy, is huge owing to the underground pipe network management technical means falls behind the loss that causes.Therefore, study and set up the underground pipe network Geographic Information System, adopt the hi-tech means to come the centralized planning underground pipe network, make its planning, construction, management, maintenance progressively move towards quantification, scientific, robotization, the needs that satisfy decision-making section and unit in charge of construction have become the task of top priority.Realize that the digitizing of pipe network information, scientific and modern management are the important and pressing task of pendulum before China's city management workplace.
China was since 1996, General Survey for Urban Underground Pipeline work is carried out in various places in succession, adopt physical detecting, Modern Surveying ﹠ Mapping, computer and network technology and geographic information system technology, set up urban underground pipeline database and information management system, effectively promoted the development of underground pipeline information technology, formed the integrated production technology flow process of Electromagnetic Survey of Underground Pipelines and data sampling and processing and Jian Ku, developed the total solution of information management system synchronously.
At present Urban Underground Pipeline Network Management Information System is at the technical elements of pipeline planar graph comparative maturity, analysis and the aspects such as processing and data output at data acquisition and input, spatial data have showed powerful function, but two-dimension GIS exists the defective that is difficult to overcome.Two dimension view remains the important tool that people are familiar with spatial information so far with advantages such as its broad perspectives, globality, abstractnesss.Although three-dimensional scenic has visual effect true to nature, have the advantages such as dynamic, interactivity, authenticity, yet three-dimensional scenic also there is its weak point, when in the three-dimensional pipe network scene environment, roaming, the same with walking in real world space, easily get lost.
Summary of the invention
Thereby the present invention is exactly a kind of system architecture method of setting up the efficient management of city integrated pipe network two dimension, three-dimensional integratedization demonstration realization urban pipe network that proposes in order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.
In order to reach the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network, and the method comprises:
(a), by gathering and analyzing and processing obtains aboveground space data and underground comprehensive pipe network information to set up the city integrated pipe network central database, wherein, described underground comprehensive pipe network information comprises Pipeline Network Spatial Data and attribute data, and described spatial data comprises 2-D data and three-dimensional data;
(b), set up the three-D grain database according to buildings profile texture and pipeline surface texture information;
Above-mentioned (a), (b) be order in no particular order;
(c), Spatial Data Engine is set up in above-mentioned central database, data texturing storehouse;
(d), by Spatial Data Engine, modeling makes up on the ground, underground two dimension view and three-dimensional visualization scene thereby central database, data texturing library information read;
(e), set up two, the three-dimensional data aspect is corresponding with visual aspect, the two dimension view of the system that corresponds to of described data plane and the geographic coordinate of three-dimensional scenic are corresponding, described visual aspect to correspond in the three-dimensional scenic various spatially object models corresponding with the map symbol of two dimension view, realize two, three-dimensional linkage;
(f), set interactive interface, realize that the user is to the application of system.
Before step c, also comprise and set up pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model library, described pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model is by 3DSMax, and a kind of software among AutoCAD, the Maya carries out modeling.Described pipeline affiliated facility comprises threeway, valve, reducer union, gauging table.
Among the step c, the data recording that described Spatial Data Engine is returned to reduce inquiry by the usage space filtrator.
Among the step b, described pipeline surface texture information comprises the superficial makings information of feedwater, draining, combustion gas, heating power, industry, electric power, telecommunications and integrated pipe canal.
In the steps d, three-dimensional modeling comprises the dynamic modeling of three-dimension terrian on the ground, described three-dimension terrian comprises six large key elements: landforms, vegetation, water system, road, buildings, boundary, wherein, landforms adopt digital elevation model, and 3 d modeling of building is by the plane geometry data of buildings, three-dimensional altitude information and image texture data construct.
In the steps d, underground three-dimensional modeling comprises the pipeline modeling, described pipeline modeling comprises the calculating to each summit of pipeline section start, the differential processing of pipeline surface and the round and smooth processing of pipeline joining place, and the round and smooth processing of described pipeline joining place is based on the smoothing processing mode of GPU.
Among the step a, described Pipeline Network Spatial Data comprises the three-dimensional coordinate with (x, y, z) expression, and the pipe network attribute data comprises pipe point numbering, pipeline section coding, tubing, caliber, ownership unit, and the form of data file is Access or SQL Server.
The present invention has following advantage: the present invention by set up two, the three-dimensional data aspect is corresponding with visual aspect, realize the combination of two dimension view and three-dimensional scenic, and be applied in the system both are unified, make and in three-dimensional scenic, be difficult to realize or the function of broad perspectives realizes by two dimension view, and in two dimension, can not realize or not the function of authenticity realize by three-dimensional scenic, reach both mutual supplement with each other's advantages, thereby can realize the efficient management of city integrated pipe network.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is according to the formed three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network framework of the inventive method;
Accompanying drawing 2 is Spatial Data Engine realization flow figure of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is institute of the present invention implementation trade-off pipe network in three-dimensional visualization system interface;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, the implementation method of integrated pipe network in three-dimensional visualization of the present invention mainly comprises sets up city integrated pipe network central database, three-D grain database, pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model library, Spatial Data Engine, two three-dimensional linkages etc., and the below will describe the foundation of each database and model:
Described city integrated pipe network central database is by collection and analyzing and processing obtains the aboveground space data and underground comprehensive pipe network information obtains, wherein, underground comprehensive pipe network information comprises Pipeline Network Spatial Data and attribute data, and described spatial data comprises 2-D data and three-dimensional data; Described aboveground space data comprise the key elements such as landforms, vegetation, water system, road, settlement place, boundary, and above-mentioned key element is stored among Access or the SQL Server with the geometric object that is called Shape; Described underground comprehensive pipe network information comprises Pipeline Network Spatial Data and attribute data, the field that this Pipeline Network Spatial Data has comprises with (x, y, z) three-dimensional coordinate of expression, the field that this pipe network attribute data has comprises pipe point numbering, pipeline section coding, tubing, caliber, ownership unit, and the form of this data file is Access or SQL Server.
Described three-D grain database comprises buildings profile texture and pipeline surface texture information, and wherein, the pipeline surface texture is divided into feedwater, draining, combustion gas, heating power, industry, electric power, telecommunications and integrated pipe canal eight classes.
Pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model library is the special modeling that each affiliated facility to pipeline carries out, described affiliated facility comprises threeway, valve, reducer union, gauging table, for making affiliated facility three-dimensional visualization better effects if, in the present invention, adopt stand alone software such as 3DSMax, a kind of among AutoCAD, the Maya carries out modeling to each affiliated facility.
Described Spatial Data Engine (Spatial Data Engine) is the new technology of the management massive spatial data that gets up of development in recent years, it acts on general commercialization data base management system (DBMS), realize destructuring graph data and the integrated storage of structured attributes data and unified query language access in the spatial information, greatly improved management and the maneuvering capability of massive spatial data.Pipe network data search engine of the present invention is the database structure of independent a, physics, and in the present invention, for accelerate to retrieve, the speed of inquiry and analysis, tables of data is set up spatial index, the usage space filtrator reduces the data recording that inquiry is returned, and spatial index has been avoided when the client application spatial filter whole table being retrieved.Spatial index is a table in the database, and it is read in the internal memory when data are loaded in the database.The spatial index table comprises encapsulation border and the key element Shape ID of grid unit, key element.When processing space querying, spatial index can reduce the quantity of the Shape that the inquiry terminal stage is calculated, also reduces simultaneously the Shape quantity that returns to client.
The specific implementation flow process as shown in Figure 2, data engine is determined the encapsulation border of filtrator and the grid unit that stride on filtrator encapsulation border after the client spatial filter, these values pass to database in the WHERE clause of SQL.
The first step: database receives SQL statement (this statement comprises the coordinate on grid unit and encapsulation border) from data engine.WHERE clause has defined needs the map sheet unit selected in spatial index.In case determined the map sheet unit in the spatial index table, the search on encapsulation border is just from selected map sheet border.
Second step: utilize the Shape encapsulation border in filtrator encapsulation border and the spatial index table, database can reduce initial choice set.It is overlapping that database sees relatively whether filtrator encapsulation border and Shape encapsulation border have, if having, then this Shape is selected to do next step Shape comparison.
The 3rd step: in data engine, the Shape of spatial filter and the key element of second step encapsulation border compare.If the Shape of key element encapsulation border and filtrator is not overlapping, these data recording just can not used final step.
The 4th step: Shape and Shape relatively are a filtrator Shape and key element Shape scale-of-two comparison procedure.In case overlapping generation is arranged, outcome record relatively just returns to client.
Above-mentioned implementation method to Spatial Data Engine is illustrated, and by Spatial Data Engine, modeling makes up on the ground, underground two dimension view and three-dimensional visualization scene thereby the information in central database, data texturing storehouse and model file storehouse read.
Wherein, three-dimensional modeling comprises the dynamic modeling of three-dimension terrian and the modeling of pipe network key element, and the six large key elements on three-dimension GIS earth's surface are: landforms, vegetation, water system, road, settlement place, boundary, wherein importantly landforms and settlement place.In three-dimension GIS, landforms are expressed as relief block, i.e. digital elevation model (DEM), and settlement place is expressed as the three-dimensional building thing.Existing multiple efficient, ripe method is used for data acquisition and the structure of relief block at present, and for buildings, people not only are concerned about the description of its profile, and require to know its geometry and attribute information, in order to it is carried out spatial analysis and attribute query.Therefore, adopt suitable method to obtain the three-dimensional data of buildings, data texturing and suitable model, structure three-dimensional building thing is of great significance for the three-dimension GIS tool.
(1) buildings automatic modeling
The method of City Building three-dimensional modeling generally adopts the artificial modeling of 3DMax software at present, and the method needs the time long, and spent manpower is large.In the present invention, in the comprehensive pipe network database data message of buildings is included the plane geometry data of buildings, three-dimensional altitude information and image texture data, by above-mentioned three kinds of data buildings is carried out modeling, thus the three-dimensional information in the city that in the integrated pipe network in three-dimensional visualization system, can reflect reality really.
(2) texture of buildings
Texture image is mapped to the surface of buildings, can increase the buildings sense of reality, makes whole three-dimensional scenic more true to nature.Simultaneously, when the buildings appearance similar, different textures can embody the difference of buildings, and the identification of buildings is more prone to.Concrete texture can directly be used the function of OpenGL.OpenGL is as widely used open GL, and it provides a large amount of flexibly handling functions for the texture of 3-D display.
Underground three-dimensional modeling is mainly comprised the modeling of pipeline, in the present invention, the geometry master data of pipeline can be summarized as pipeline end points, binding site, reducing point and affiliated facility unique point, above-mentioned data are referred to as pipe point data; The pipeline shape mostly is dendroid, ring-type or radial, and each bar pipeline can resolve into some line sections according to point of crossing and reducing point, and line sections is the connection by respective tube point data, forms a continual pipeline.Therefore the concentrated reflection of the three-dimensional expression of pipe network data for the modeling of some key element and line feature with visual, to the modeling of a key element and visual we can adopt existing Com technology realization, the below will highlight the modeling of line feature and visual:
The general disposal route of the three-dimensional modeling of line sections is that pipeline is carried out polygonal approximation, this wherein relates to surperficial differential processing, the round and smooth processing of pipeline joining place of calculating, the pipeline on each summit of pipeline section start, several parts such as connection of line sections, wherein, for the round and smooth processing of pipeline joining place, in the present embodiment, employing realizes pipeline joining place rounding off based on the Vertex Blending technology of Graphics Processing Unit (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU).
The surperficial differential of the calculating of above-mentioned each fixed point of pipeline section start, pipeline is processed and can be adopted disposal route commonly used, does not repeat them here, and the below is connected round and smooth processing to the pipeline based on GPU and describes:
The GPU technology is a kind of Vertex Blending technology, and its realization approach is to come from the mode of motion of our people's health.Animated character's health (meat, skin) is a grid (Mesh) model, and the inside of grid is a skeleton structure.What be associated with each skeleton is one " covering " (Skin) model, and it provides the needed geometric model of animate and texture and material information.There are corresponding weights on each summit, and these weights have defined the motion of bone to the factor of influence on relevant summit.
The general mathematical expression of Vertex Blending is:
Wherein:
In following formula, P is original vertices, and u (t) is the summit after the conversion, and n is for affecting the joint number of P; M
i -1: the initial coordinate system in i joint is converted into world coordinate system; B
i(t): i joint time dependent world conversion, normally the company of a series of matrixes takes advantage of; ω
i: i joint acts on the weight factor of p, just can obtain the position on any summit by above formula.
In the present invention, the pipe network joining place can similarly be regarded the part that is comprised of two joints as, so model view of 2-section pipe net before and after using when considering smooth connection place summit, allow these two model views exert an influence in the place near joining place, we claim that this is the range of influence, and the summit outside the range of influence does not need to mix.The quantity that joining place mixes depends on the hybrid weight on summit, and the vertex weights that is positioned at the joining place center is made as 0.5, namely it to be subjected to the impact of two model views respectively be 50%; The weight of vertex at edge, range of influence heavily is 1.0, namely it to be subjected to the impact of model view own be 100%.Summit in inside, range of influence, weight from 1.0 to 0.5 changes, and their weight can be carried out linearity setting according to them to the joining place center, perhaps arrange according to some higher-order functions.By above-mentioned setting, can realize that two pipelines of pipe network joining place are seamless bonding, form level and smooth complete continuous surface, improved the visual effect of three-dimensional pipe network.
On the basis of realizing two dimension view and three-dimensional visualization scene, the inventive method also two, three-dimensional data aspect and visual aspect set up corresponding relation, to realize the interlock of two three-dimensionals, namely on visual aspect, shine upon by coordinate, make the geographic position in the X-Y scheme layer corresponding with the locus of three-dimensional scenic, and the event trigger mechanism when mutual when keeping it to change synchronously.On data plane, atural object in the three-dimensional scenic is all corresponding to a certain polar plot or model points in the X-Y scheme layer, when carrying out data query, Data Update operation, by this corresponding consistance that guarantees two three-dimensional datas, like this, by setting up interactive interface, can realize that the user is to the application of system, as shown in Figure 3.
Concrete operations can comprise two dimension view and three-dimensional scenic interoperability, the following form of main manifestations:
When (1) user roams, in two dimension view, demonstrate in real time corresponding position and the visual field in three-dimensional scenic;
(2) change in two dimension view in the observer position, correspondingly viewpoint jumps to corresponding position in three-dimensional scenic; In three-dimensional scenic, change the position of viewpoint, in two dimension view, also jump to corresponding position;
When (3) carrying out the target property information inquiry in the two dimension view, the highlighted demonstration of corresponding target of three-dimensional scenic;
When (4) carrying out the target property information inquiry in the three-dimensional scenic, the highlighted demonstration of corresponding target in the two dimension view;
(5) bidirectional inquiry of implementation space and attribute information, i.e. information inquiry both can have been realized the inquiry from the spatial information to the attribute information, can realize that also dependency information is to the inquiry of spatial information;
When (6) two dimension view carried out zoom operations, corresponding three-dimensional scenic also carried out zoom operations;
(7) if the user wants to watch the situation along in the three-dimensional scenic of a certain paths, can in two dimension view, select a paths, correspondingly in three-dimensional scenic, roam along this paths flight.
Certainly, the operation of the three-dimensional visualization of comprehensive pipe network of the present invention comprises mouse action and keyboard operation, by mouse and keyboard operation in three-dimensional scenic, roam, add up, inquire about, editor etc., the analysis of three-dimensional visualization is included in and in the three-dimensional scenic line sections, a pipe point adjunct model is clicked inquiry, shows its attribute information; In three-dimensional scenic, booster is carried out visual analyzing; The position relationship analysis on pipeline and ground etc.
Claims (8)
1. a framework method that is used for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network is characterized in that, the method comprises:
(a), by gathering and analyzing and processing obtains aboveground space data and underground comprehensive pipe network information to set up the city integrated pipe network central database, wherein, described underground comprehensive pipe network information comprises Pipeline Network Spatial Data and attribute data, and described spatial data comprises 2-D data and three-dimensional data;
(b), set up the three-D grain database according to buildings profile texture and pipeline surface texture information;
Above-mentioned (a), (b) be order in no particular order;
(c), the spatial index table is set up in above-mentioned central database, data texturing storehouse, described spatial index table comprises encapsulation border and the key element Shape ID of grid unit, key element, and set up as follows Spatial Data Engine: at first database receives SQL statement from data engine, the map sheet unit that selection needs in spatial index, the search on encapsulation border is just from selected map sheet border; Utilize the Shape encapsulation border in filtrator encapsulation border and the spatial index table, database can reduce initial choice set, it is overlapping whether database comparison filtrator encapsulation border and Shape encapsulation border have, if having, then this shape is selected to do next step comparison; In data engine, the shape of spatial filter and above-mentioned key element encapsulation border compare, if the shape of key element encapsulation border and filtrator is not overlapping, these data recording just can not used final step; Final step, shape and shape relatively are a filtrator shape and key element shape scale-of-two comparison procedure, in case overlapping generation is arranged, outcome record relatively just returns to client;
(d), pass through Spatial Data Engine, information to central database, data texturing storehouse reads, by the plane geometry data that read buildings, three-dimensional altitude information and image texture data, buildings is carried out automatic modeling, thereby make up on the ground, underground two dimension view and three-dimensional visualization scene;
(e), set up two, the three-dimensional data aspect is corresponding with visual aspect, on data plane, atural object in the three-dimensional scenic is all corresponding to a certain polar plot or model points in the X-Y scheme layer, on visual aspect, shine upon by coordinate, make the geographic position in the X-Y scheme layer corresponding with the locus of three-dimensional scenic, and the event trigger mechanism when mutual when keeping it to change synchronously, realize two, three-dimensional linkage;
(f), set interactive interface, realize that the user is to the application of system.
2. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before step c, also comprise and set up pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model library, described pipeline affiliated facility three-dimensional model is by 3DSMax, and a kind of software among AutoCAD, the Maya carries out modeling.
3. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described pipeline affiliated facility comprises threeway, valve, reducer union, gauging table.
4. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step c, and the data recording that described Spatial Data Engine is returned to reduce inquiry by the usage space filtrator.
5. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the step b, described pipeline surface texture information comprises the superficial makings information of feedwater, draining, combustion gas, heating power, industry, electric power, telecommunications and integrated pipe canal.
6. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the steps d, three-dimensional modeling comprises the dynamic modeling of three-dimension terrian on the ground, described three-dimension terrian comprises six large key elements: landforms, vegetation, water system, road, buildings, boundary, wherein, landforms adopt digital elevation model, and 3 d modeling of building is by the plane geometry data of buildings, three-dimensional altitude information and image texture data construct.
7. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the steps d, underground three-dimensional modeling comprises the pipeline modeling, described pipeline modeling comprises the calculating to each summit of pipeline section start, the differential processing of pipeline surface and the round and smooth processing of pipeline joining place, and the round and smooth processing of described pipeline joining place is based on the smoothing processing mode of GPU.
8. a kind of framework method for three-dimensional visualizing system of urban synthesis pipeline network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: among the step a, described Pipeline Network Spatial Data comprises with (x, y, z) three-dimensional coordinate of expression, the pipe network attribute data comprises pipe point numbering, pipeline section coding, tubing, caliber, ownership unit, and the form of data file is Access or SQL Server.
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