CN101603423A - A kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing - Google Patents
A kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention be a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing.Advanced detection technology commonly used has seismic reflectuon seismic noise, auspicious Leibo method etc., but along with the extensive employing of fully-mechanized digging machine, said method more and more is difficult to adapt to current production task requirement.Method of the present invention is: use mine direct current method seven electrode system sniffers, arrange 4 electrodes of A near the coal mine roadway heading end
1, A
2, A
3, A
4Structure is arranged in a straight line, another root current electrode B with infinite distant place layout constitutes the loop respectively, to the underground direct current that infeeds, set up DC electric field, use electrode M, the N of 2 relative fixed distances to measure its electric field distribution law simultaneously at the rear, tunnel, after handling by special-purpose assorted interpretation technique, obtain the meet head on electrical distributed intelligence of the geologic body in the 0m～140m of the place ahead of digging laneway or tunnel.Workload of the present invention is little, speed is not subjected to soon, that human factor influences, objectivity height, accuracy height, belong to the non-destructive detection method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal mine roadway driving geology advanced prediction forecasting technique field, be specifically a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing.
Background technology
Tunnel, tunnel piercing the place ahead disaster geology body, the prediction of leading water content are important process that is closely related with safety in production.It is the method for the illustrated a kind of forecasting tunnel construction tunnel face front water burst position of 200810044794.6 patent that advanced detection technology at present commonly used has seismic reflectuon seismic noise, auspicious Leibo method, geological radar method, transient electromagnetic method, infrared measurement of temperature method and application number.Use the wider tunnel seismic profile method (TSP) that has in the seismic reflectuon seismic noise
[1]With the vertical seismic profile method in tunnel (TUSP).The working method of two kinds of methods is variant slightly, but all be to utilize the seismic reflection principle, at roadway arrangement epicenter excitation point and three-component geophone, receive the back wave at total space situation inferoanterior interface behind the explosive source, utilize time distance curve of reflection wave to calculate the position and the occurrence of Front Frame face, the unfavorable geology interface that may exist more than the prediction about farthest 300m in the place ahead, tunnel
[1]Seismic reflectuon seismic noise is determined preferably to rock stratum speed interface energy, but in real work, the signal that this method receives is complicated, the negative apparent velocity back wave at tomography interface is difficult to accurate extraction, cause explanation results to have more serious multi-solution, especially earthquake reflected wave is insensitive to phreatic reaction, can not accurately forecast the strong moisture geological structure in the place ahead, and is especially powerless especially to the point-like conduit pipe
[2]Auspicious Leibo method is to utilize the propagation characteristic of rayleigh surface wave in the elastic wave, survey a kind of geophysical prospecting method of Front Frame face, its core is the Dispersion that has utilized layered medium China and Sweden Leibos, and promptly the different frequency composition has different phase velocities, carries out geologic interpretation by dispersion curve.Auspicious Leibo method is divided into stable state and two kinds of methods of transient state, during the steady state method real work, need utilize the control that excites 2～9900Hz of a frequency of a frequency of vibrator to carry out the frequency division test in auspicious Leibo frequently, the auspicious Leibo of transient state has then replaced vibrator with the hammering mode, once inspire various frequency contents, wave detector also receives the signal that is rich in various frequency contents simultaneously.The auspicious Leibo of stable state method is difficult to be fit to tunnel forward probe condition because equipment is too heavy, and efficiency of construction is low.A plurality of wave detectors are adopted in the auspicious Leibo of transient state, receive the ground roll information of same epicenter excitation, according to half-wavelength theoretical explanation interface depth, auspicious Leibo method is all with practical value at aspects such as the layering of detection geologic body (coal seam), fault zone, karst collapse col umn, geologic anomaly bodies, but this method is insensitive to water content equally, can not accurately predict the water content in driving the place ahead, and crossover distance generally has only 50m
[1] [3], crossover distance is shorter in weak seam especially
[3]The geologic radar detection method is electrical, the magnetic based on medium, energy attenuation, frequency dispersion effect and the time isoparametric Changing Pattern of electromagnetic wave after dieletric reflection, transmission, absorption of research different frequency, utilize the reflection characteristic of wideband high-frequency time domain electromagnetic pulse to come detection of a target body, be used to infer the form and the locus of work plane front geological structure.This method has the better detection effect to water contents such as tomography, karst collapse col umn, old kilns, but detection range is shorter at present, and in 20m～30m, radar record is subject to hole inner machine interference simultaneously, will pay special attention to phase of wave identification in the detection analysis, gets rid of and disturbs greatly
[2] [4] [5]The transient electromagnetic forward probe obtains the resistivity of driving front geological body based on the principle of ground transient electromagnetic, judges geological structure, leads water content etc. by resistivity contrasts.The advantage of this method is a quick construction, but there are four shortcomings in down-hole transient electromagnetic method, the one, and the blind area is bigger, can not survey the geologic body near the about 30m scope of heading end; The 2nd, a large amount of metallic objects that exist can be excited by primary field equally and produce strong vortex field in the tunnel, after being superimposed with secondary field, make transient signal be difficult to separate; The 3rd, the signal of accepting comprises the information of rear, the place ahead, tunnel geologic body, and still there is uncertainty in the orientation of anomalous body
[6]The 4th, it is available still not have the transient electromagnetic instrument that meets the requirement of China's coal-mine safety anti-explosive at present.Infrared temperature-test technology
[7]Be based on rock fever conduction, thermorodiative property, in the variations in temperature of measuring under certain distance and the accuracy of observation on the face.The regularity of distribution of the temperature anomaly field that causes according to the temperature difference of water content and country rock is carried out advanced prediction to it.This method has higher accuracy to the advanced prediction of water contents such as solution cavity, fault belt, karst cranny development band, but investigative range is shorter, is generally less than 30m
[7], can only qualitative interpretation, can not quantitative interpretation.Application number is the method that 200810044794.6 patent of invention has illustrated a kind of forecasting tunnel construction tunnel face front water burst position.Its principle is to circulate the variations in temperature that causes the water body periphery and the position country rock of flowing through according to underground water in rock mass, infers the water content that front of tunnel heading may exist by this temperature contrast.This method has certain accuracy, but can not the quantitative forecast body of groundwater with respect to the distance of face.Its working method is the tunnel perimeter in construction face back, with the reach of tunnel construction tunnel face, and the temperature of pointwise tracking and testing tunnel perimeter rock mass at a certain distance.Its temperature test carries out in the dark petrosal foramen of 5～12m, therefore need equidistantly implement the boring of some at the rear, tunnel, has relatively large workload.
Cheng Jiulong
[8]Resistivity method advanced detection technology in the tunnelling that illustrates, these Detection Techniques are to use independently, and one or two pole-dipole array device carries out data acquisition, interpretation process is: at first survey district's rock electricity parameter testing, understand the electrical property feature of surveying normal rock electricity feature in district and known plastid singularly; After given corresponding model and parameter thereof, calculate normal field and anomalous field theoretical curve respectively; Compare by measured curve and theoretical curve then, determine abnormity point position and anomalous body type; Utilize artificial graphing method to determine unusual particular location at last.Its shortcoming is: A) utilizing the primitive curve comparison method to determine abnormity point, when utilizing artificial graphing method to determine the particular location of geologic anomaly again, owing to there is the influence factor of aspects such as the local ponding tunnel in, inhomogeneous, the laminar formation in part, formation anisotropy, above-mentioned means of interpretation can not note abnormalities sometimes, even explains wrong result; B) there are not further treatment measures; C) interpretation of anomaly does not have standard, can not determine unusual threshold; E) detection range little (the about 42m of its maximum detectable range).
Liu Qingwen
[9], Liu Jinfeng
[10]Direct current three point-threes' utmost point forward probe methods (or direct current three point source advanced detection technology) of using, the method is come for development on last method basis, the survey data there has been the preliminary treatment measure, its Detection Techniques are to unite to use three pole-dipole array device image data, interpretation process is: at first do the prerequisite test to surveying the interior known geologic anomaly body in district, tentatively understand the electrical property feature and the anomalous property of this district's geologic anomaly body; Analog computation should be distinguished the theoretical curve of normal field; The meet head on influence in tunnel, rear of elimination is proofreaied and correct theoretical, actual measurement apparent resistivity curve; Eliminate the influence in stratiform space, stratum; With three abnormal curves and theoretical curve comparison of actual measurement, find out relative out-of-the way position; Determine abnormity point position and anomalous body character according to off-note.Advantage is: data have been carried out preliminary treatment.Shortcoming is: A) just drilling the normal field and the anomalous field theoretical curve that calculate the different location and be difficult to accurately realize, and the influence on stratum when not considering formation anisotropy, judging therefore that unusual basic unstable ， Give further explains to bring than mistake; B) intermediate process steps of survey data is complicated and unnecessary, easily brings error of calculation, as the correction of lane space influence; C) explain do not have standard, artificial cognition to miss easily unusually, the degree of accuracy is lower; D) detection range short (its detection range is short, maximum 80m).
Extensive employing along with fully-mechanized digging machine, tunnelling speed also improves thereupon, daily footage can reach 30m～50m, said method more and more is difficult to adapt to current production task requirement, press for a kind of can survey long distance (＞100m), criterion is arranged, explain automatically, the degree of accuracy is higher, particularly can the disastrous water guide of quantitative interpretation, the advanced detection technology of water-bearing structure and position thereof, and to ensure coal mine production safety.
Citing document:
[1] Wang Qiren. disaster geologic body advanced detection technology present Research and thinking [J], coal field geology and exploration, 2005, (10).
[2] Wang Qiren. tunnel geology disaster forward probe method research [D], the thesis for the doctorate .2008. of Central South University (11)
[3] Wang Weimin. mine is surveyed geophysical prospecting method [J] moisture, permeable structure, coal field geology and exploration, 1996, (6) down.
[4] Zhao Yonggui, Liu Hao, Sun Yu etc. tunnel geology advanced prediction progress [J], Advances in Geophysics, 2003, (9).
[5] field Jie, Han Guang, Wu Yujing etc. mine dead face driving advanced detection technology present situation [J], coal science and technology, 2006, (8).
[6] Guo Chun, Liu Baizhou, Bai Denghai. underground total space transient electromagnetic technology is in the Continuous Tracking forward probe [J] of coal mine roadway heading end, Seismology and Geology, 2006, (9).
[7] Wang Hongyong, Zhang Jikui, Li Zhihui. grow up tunnel infrared radiation temperature advanced prediction water content method research and application example analysis [J], physical prospecting geochemical exploration computing technique, 2003, (2).
[8] Cheng Jiulong, Wang Yuhe, Yu Shijian etc. resistivity method forward probe principle and application [J] coalfield face geology and exploration in the tunnelling, 2000 (4), 60～62.
[9] Liu Qingwen. down-hole electrical method forward probe method and application [J] thereof, coal field geology and exploration, 2001 (5), 60～62.
[10] Liu Jinfeng, Huo Zhenqi. the innovation of direct current three point source advanced detection technology and application [J], Hebei coal, 2006 (6), 7～9.
Summary of the invention
To tunnel leading spy method single detection range too short in order to solve present existing coal mine roadway, can't effectively discern " disastrous " water guide gushing water geological structure, do not have criteria for interpretation, and the degree of accuracy is not high, and wrong report is failed to report and waited deficiency.The invention provides a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing; This method does not need just drilling theoretical curve, can eliminate stratiform space, stratum and isotropic influence thereof, the long distance of energy single forward probe (0m～140m), and moisture permeable structure, old kilns such as energy standardization, quantification explanation water guide zone of fracture, water guide tomography are adopted architectonic positions such as sky pools zone, especially can effectively discern heading end the place ahead " disastrous " water guide gushing water geological structure, the degree of accuracy is higher.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing, its special character is: equidistantly L arranges 4 electrodes of A near the tunnelling head
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, set up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds respectively, according to current field distribution principle, electrodes of A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4All be point source when powering respectively, its electric current line is with A
iThe utmost point (i=1,2,3,4) is the past external radiation of the centre of sphere, and its equipotential plane is with A
iThe sphere of the centre of sphere very; The more any current potential of this sphere on same sphere is identical; With the potential difference U between two spherical shells of measurement electrode M, N measurement of certain intervals
MNDetection range equals point source A
iAnd put between the O apart from A among measurement electrode M, the N
iO; When heading end the place ahead does not have geological structure, the potential difference that obtains is the normal value on normal stratum, and heading end the place ahead is when existing geological structure, the distribution of equipotential surface will be changed, it is the most obvious to show as the potential difference variation that comprises between architectonic two equipotential surfaces, and this value can obtain by M, N two electrodes of measuring the heading end rear; Obtain the geological information that potential difference between M, N two electrodes has comprised heading end the place ahead, rear, top, below, left, total space stratum such as right-hand.
Above-mentioned down-hole job practices is: near the equidistant L tunnelling head, L=1～8m arranges 4 electrodes of A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, a current electrode B who arranges with infinite distant place constitutes the loop, connects A respectively
1B, A
2B, A
3B and A
4B sets up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds;
Apart from the current electrode certain distance, arrange two measurement electrode M, N at the rear, tunnel, measure the potential difference between M, N in this electric field, current electrode linearly distributes near two measurement electrode M, N and the heading end, between M, the N apart from being 1～8m.
Measuring method: the position of every relative fixed one-shot measurement electrode M, N, to A
iThe underground electric field of being set up when (i=1,2,3,4) all current electrodes are powered is separately respectively measured, and measurement parameter is:
MN/m，A
1O/m，U
1/mV，I
1/mA，ρ
S1/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
2O/m，U
2/mV，I
2/mA，ρ
S2/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
3O/m，U
3/mV，I
3/mA，ρ
S3/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
4O/m，U
4/mV，I
4/mA，ρ
S4/Ω·m；
MN is the air line distance between M and the N electrode; A
iO is A
iAnd the air line distance between the O, (O is a point among the MN), i.e. detection range; U
iBe A
iAnd the potential difference during the B power supply between MN, I
iBe A
iElectric current when powering with B, ρ
SiBe A
iWhen powering with B, the apparent resistivity of measurement;
Behind a mobile M or the N, repeat above-mentioned measuring method once more, obtain four apparent resistivity curves.
The data processing method of said method and means of interpretation:
In the geological information that obtains, include the influence of the various geologic bodies of the underground total space; The apparent resistivity residual anomaly of eliminating after the above-mentioned influence is the pure unusual of driving front geological structure, realizes that through the actual effect checking, this method can reach 0m～140m along the Layer Detection distance along the meet head on geological structure in the place ahead of Layer Detection digging laneway;
Criteria for interpretation of the present invention is: calculates total on average all square relative error, is called for short " mean square error ",
The apparent resistivity exceptional value is that one-level is unusual less than 1 times of mean square error ABS (M), represents that corresponding the place ahead does not generally have big moisture, permeable structure; Between 1～2 times of mean square error ABS (M), be that secondary is unusual, be generally rock electricity and change greatly, as the reaction of the stronger plastid singularly of the properties of water-bearing such as rock phase transformation, pucking, water-bearing fault, trickle crack and old kiln; Extremely unusual greater than 2 times of mean square error ABS (M) Shi Weisan, be generally big rock electricity and change, as big water guide tomography, or the reaction of cranny development band and strong water contents such as potential water guide or gushing water structure---be " disastrous " geological structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, can be quantitative along Layer Detection digging laneway the place ahead water guide geological structure interior than long distance (maximum detectable range reaches 140m); Detection method and means of interpretation closely cooperate, and explanation results normalization, unitized provides criteria for interpretation; Energy quick detection, standard are explained (determining anomalous property according to exceptional value); Accuracy rate is up to (according to the actual verification result) more than 85%.Can judge that particularly unusually whether what surveyed is disastrous water guide water-bearing structure, and determine its particular location; Empirical tests, this method efficiency of construction is higher, finishes in general 1～2 hour once and surveys.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Construction Arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is detection principle and focusing schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the forward probe result schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
(1), the present invention solves down-hole job practices and the detection principle thereof that its technical problem adopts
Referring to Fig. 1, adopt combination seven electrode system DC electrical method along layer forward probe device, in tunnel, heading end rear, measure the regularity of distribution of artificial electric field, with the geological structure in advanced prediction heading end the place ahead.Because resistivity value sharply descended when general rock stratum was moisture, to infeeding underground current field strong influence is arranged, so this method more can be discerned the water guide water content in heading end the place ahead.
A. down-hole job practices
Set up new measuring system (7 electrode system measuring system).Near the tunnelling head equidistantly L (L=1～8m) arranges 4 electrodes of A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, a current electrode B who arranges with infinite distant place constitutes the loop, connects A respectively
1B, A
2B, A
3B and A
4B sets up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds.Be combination 7 electrode system construction plans as Fig. 1.
At the rear, tunnel apart from the current electrode certain distance, arrange two measurement electrode M, N (linearly distribute with near the current electrode heading end, between M, the N apart from being 1～8m) to measure the potential difference between M, N in this electric field.
Measuring method: the position of a MN electrode of every relative fixed, the underground electric field of being set up when all current electrodes of Ai (i=1,2,3,4) are powered is separately respectively measured, and measurement parameter is:
(MN/m，A
1O/m，U
1/mV，I
1/mA，ρ
S1/Ω·m)
(MN/m，A
2O/m，U
2/mV，I
2/mA，ρ
S2/Ω·m)
(MN/m，A
3O/m，U
3/mV，I
3/mA，ρ
S3/Ω·m)
(MN/m，A
4O/m，U
4/mV，I
4/mA，ρ
S4/Ω·m)
{ annotate: MN is the air line distance between M and the N electrode; A
iO is A
iAnd the air line distance between the O (O is a point among the MN), i.e. detection range; U
iBe A
iAnd the potential difference during the B power supply between MN, I
iBe A
iElectric current when powering with B, ρ
SiBe A
iWhen powering with B, the apparent resistivity that this device is surveyed.}
Behind a mobile M or the N, repeat above-mentioned steps once more, till reaching the measurement purpose.The result obtains four apparent resistivity curves.
B. detection principle:
Referring to Fig. 2, equidistantly L arranges 4 electrodes of A near the tunnelling head
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, set up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds respectively, according to current field distribution principle, current electrode (A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4) all point source when powering respectively, its electric current line is with A
iThe utmost point (i=1,2,3,4. time with) be the past external radiation of the centre of sphere, its equipotential plane is with A
iThe sphere of the centre of sphere very, the characteristics of this sphere are that the more any current potential on same sphere is identical.That have that the MN electrode of certain intervals surveyed is two potential difference U between the spherical shell
MN
Detection range equals point source A
iAnd put between the O apart from A among the MN
iO.
When heading end the place ahead does not have geological structure, the potential difference that obtains is the normal value on normal stratum, and heading end the place ahead is when existing geological structure, the distribution of equipotential surface will be changed, it is the most obvious to show as the potential difference variation that comprises between architectonic two equipotential surfaces, and this value can obtain by MN two electrodes of measuring the heading end rear.In fact the potential difference between the MN has comprised the geological information on heading end the place ahead, rear, top, below, left, total space stratum such as right-hand.The present invention can give prominence to the geologic anomaly in the place ahead by following interpretation technique, reaches the purpose of forward probe.
(2), the present invention solves data processing method and the means of interpretation that its technical problem adopts:
In the geological information that obtains, include the influence of the various geologic bodies of the underground total space.Can classify as: the influence the place ahead of meeting head on, stratiform space, stratum, that measurement mechanism itself brings, that meet head near (rear lane space, roadway floor are inhomogeneous, the electrical plastid etc. unevenly in part in the heterogeneity of MN electrode grounding condition, the tunnel) the MN of rear, non-dead ahead (influences such as top, below, left, right-hand, rear).Take following technical measures:
A. eliminate near the meet head on method of the influence MN of rear of tunnel
According to the apparent resistivity formula:
For the measured 4 groups of data (ρ of same MN
S1, ρ
S2, ρ
S3, ρ
S4) corresponding same ρ
MN, i.e. ρ
MN1=ρ
MN2=ρ
MN3=ρ
MN4=ρ
MN, therefore,
With ρ
MNThe item cancellation, (ρ
MNBe the apparent resistivity between the MN), just with near the influence of the geology the MN of rear, tunnel cancellation fully.
B. eliminate the method for laminar formation space and formation anisotropy influence
Because coal measure strata is layered distribution, the coal measure strata sedimentary sequence of different regions changes to some extent, and stratum epoch difference, the resistivity of similar rock stratum also is not quite similar, therefore laminar formation also is not quite similar to the influence of measurement result, makes the curvilinear motion impermanence of surveying, and is difficult for explaining.
On the other hand, only isotropic perfect condition is treated as on all stratum in theory, do not considered the anisotropy that the stratum is electrical.Sometimes the electrical anisotropy in stratum is brought very big influence to measurement result, sometimes the cloth utmost point changes its survey data of direction and will change more than 50%, sometimes be far longer than the influence of geologic anomaly, this can cover architectonic true anomaly even bring false anomaly, can not correctly explain even produce wrong result.Therefore, must the anisotropic influence that influence, the stratum of laminar formation is electrical eliminate during forward probe.Method is as follows:
Through evidence, by the curve error analysis, remove data greater than one times of root-mean-square error, four sounding curves to be surveyed in same place fitted to a template theory curve, the relative error of itself and theoretical curve is not more than 5%.Therefore it is feasible to use four forward probe curve fits of actual measurement to generate a template theory curve.Advantage: the template theory curve that uses the measured curve match to generate, comprised the influence of the formation anisotropy that the electrical reflection in the stratiform space, stratum of institute's geodetic point and this electrical survey (-ing) device bring, than generally just drilling theoretical curve when only considering the stratum isotropism stratum comprehensive electrically accurately, rationally.Again measured curve and theoretical template are carried out normalization, can obtain normalization explain curve Exp (x, i).This curve is eliminated the influence and the anisotropic influence in stratiform space, stratum, and effect is fine.That is:
Exp (x, i)=(ρ
The S actual measurement(x, i)-ρ
The S theory(x, i))/ρ
The S theory(x, i) * 100%.Means of interpretation: when no abnormal, this curve theory value Exp (x, i)=0.When unusual, and Exp (x, i) ≠ 0.Wherein, i=1,2,3,4 curves, x=1,2,3 ..., n measuring point/curve.
C. method-focusing of getting rid of the influence in the non-dead ahead of meeting head on
Referring to Fig. 2, with four point source A
i(i=1,2,3,4) are used with a pair of measurement electrode MN and are measured potential difference when infeeding electric current respectively, eliminate the architectonic influence in non-dead ahead by the geometric focusing method of equipotential surface, only keep the influence in the place ahead.With the tunnelling head is the rectangular co-ordinate initial point, is X-axis toward the place ahead, up is Y-axis, and the scope in its forward probe the place ahead is: be " the accurate paraboloid " that summit, horn mouth are aimed at the place ahead with x=b/2n.
[annotate: X position forwardly, the minimum outline line coordinates of this accurate paraboloid (x y) is:
The cross section perpendicular to X-axis of this accurate paraboloid is a circle, and establishing this radius of circle is R, the minimum radius of investigation of its limit
Work as L=100m, during b=4m, R ≈ 28.5m, the angle of this place's outline line and X-axis is about 15.9 °, and when L=140m, the angle that R ≈ 40.2m should locate outline line and X-axis is about 13.1 °.]
Like this, the apparent resistivity residual anomaly of eliminating after the above-mentioned influence is the pure unusual of driving front geological structure, has reached the meet head on purpose of geological structure in the place ahead of suitable Layer Detection digging laneway.Through the actual effect checking, this method can reach 0m～140m along the Layer Detection distance.
(3), criteria for interpretation of the present invention
Calculate total on average all square relative error (being called for short " mean square error ")
The apparent resistivity exceptional value is that one-level is unusual less than 1 times of mean square error ABS (M), represents that corresponding the place ahead does not generally have big moisture, permeable structure; Between 1～2 times of mean square error ABS (M), be that secondary is unusual, be generally rock electricity and change greatly, as the reaction of the stronger plastid singularly of the properties of water-bearing such as rock phase transformation, pucking, water-bearing fault, trickle crack and old kiln; Extremely unusual greater than 2 times of mean square error ABS (M) Shi Weisan, be generally big rock electricity and change, as the reaction of strong water contents such as big water guide tomography (or cranny development band) and potential water guide or gushing water structure---be generally " disastrous " geological structure.
(4), become the figure mode
Referring to Fig. 3, use the form an of composite curve chart or (comprehensively) pseudosection map to represent explanation results.
Specific embodiment:
Present embodiment is positioned at Shanxi Province's Shuozhou City, and No. 9 coal south wing masters of No. three well industrial and minerals of Pingshou branch company of coal Energy Co., Ltd. transport big lane in the China.With on March 18th, 2009 this mine electrical method technology forward probe be that example specifies this method.The position of meeting head on, tunnel is positioned at 24m before main No. 6 survey marks, first electrode A that electrical method is nearest
1Apart from meeting head on 10m.A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, the equidistant 4m of M, N from inside outwards arranges by straight line successively, infinite electrode B is positioned at apart from the tunnel and meets head on electrode air line distance greater than more than 5 times of maximum detectable range (this is 700m).
Measuring method: the position of a MN electrode of every relative fixed, to A
iThe underground electric field of being set up when (i=1,2,3,4) all current electrodes are powered is separately respectively measured, and measurement parameter is:
(MN/m，A
1O/m，U
1/mV，I
1/mA，ρ
S1/Ω·m)——(4，6，495.16，31.45，791.28)
(MN/m，A
2O/m，U
2/mV，I
2/mA，ρ
S2/Ω·m)——(4，10，226.97，48.18，710.36)
(MN/m，A
3O/m，U
3/mV，I
3/mA，ρ
S3/Ω·m)——(4，14，80.79，56.36，432.33)
(MN/m，A
4O/m，U
4/mV，I
4/mA，ρ
S4/Ω·m)——(4，18，85.66，56.18，766.38)
Be first group of data.Whenever behind a mobile M or the N, repeat above-mentioned steps.When MN arrives the purpose pole span or measuring-signal is comparatively faint, signal to noise ratio is little finishes to can't guarantee the quality of data time.N organizes data altogether.These 28 groups of data, surveying maximum pole span is 126m.
A. eliminating the tunnel meets head on to influence near the MN of rear
Because the measured 4 groups of data (ρ of same MN
S1, ρ
S2, ρ
S3, ρ
S4), corresponding same ρ
MN, i.e. ρ
MN1=ρ
MN2=ρ
MN3=ρ
MN4, therefore, ρ
S1/ ρ
S2/ ρ
S3/ ρ
S4=j
MN1/ j
MN2/ j
MN3/ j
MN4, with ρ
MNThe item cancellation just influences cancellation with near the geology the MN of rear, tunnel.
B. get rid of the influence of laminar formation space and stratum electrical anisotropy
Generate a template theory curve ρ according to 4 curve fits of actual measurement
S is real(x, i)=ax
3+ bx
2+ cx+d (x represents detection range/m, and i represents i supply terminals).Again with measured curve and template normalized, obtain normalization explain curve Exp (x, i).When no abnormal, and this curve Exp (x, i)=0.When unusual, and Exp (x, i) ≠ 0.(wherein, i=1,2 ..., 4; X=1,2 ..., n.)
C. focusing is eliminated the influence in non-dead ahead
Only need (AO
i, Ratio (x, i)) forwards crosses according to distance interval 4m successively and gets final product.As being benchmark with A1, the detection pole span is AO
1, the detection pole span of A2 correspondence is (AO
2-4m), A
3Corresponding detection pole span is (AO
3-8m), A
4Corresponding detection pole span is (AO
4-12m).Then correspondence is surveyed the (AO of pole span
i, (x i) asks desired value to Ratio
Obtain (AO
i, R (x, i)) (i=1,2,3,4) Here it is final comprehensive survey curve becomes composite curve chart or pseudosection map with this curve plotting.This is for the tunnel being met head on to be decided to be starting point, with AO
iDeduct 10m (because of A
1Apart from meeting head on 10m).
D. calculate criteria for interpretation
(x, i) (i=1,2,3,4) ask total on average all square relative error M to Exp.This M=± 20.Less than one times of ABS (M) is that one-level is unusual; More than or equal to one times and be that secondary is unusual less than two times of ABS (M), greater than two times of ABS (M) be three grades unusual.
This nothing is unusual less than two times of ABS's (M).Find that 2 three utmost point low-resistances less than-40 are disastrous moisture geologic anomaly unusually.(annotate: it is unusual that moisture permeable structure presents low-resistance, and the low-resistance exceptional value is a negative value, high resistant be unusually on the occasion of).
E. explanation results
No. 9 coal south wing masters transport big lane electrical method forward probe on the 18th achievement March in 2009 as can be known by No. three well industrial and minerals in Fig. 3 Pingshou: in the place ahead 112m scope is met head in the tunnel, find that altogether two three grades of low-resistances are unusual, lay respectively at 40～44m (No. unusual), 100～108m (No. two unusual) explains to be inferred as disastrous ponding old kiln goaf or water guide tomography.Wherein permeable when tunneling to the unusual 43.3m place old kiln of generation, the about 9000m of peak value gushing water amount
3/ h, mine is flooded in the short time, and it is unusual in drill No. two, checking on April 13rd, 2009 to drain water subsequently, still adopts the sky pools zone for old kiln.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing, it is characterized in that: equidistantly L arranges 4 electrodes of A near the tunnelling head
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, set up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds respectively, according to current field distribution principle, electrodes of A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4All be point source when powering respectively, its electric current line is with A
iThe utmost point (i=1,2,3,4) is the past external radiation of the centre of sphere, and its equipotential plane is with A
iThe sphere of the centre of sphere very; The more any current potential of this sphere on same sphere is identical; With the potential difference U between two spherical shells of measurement electrode M, N measurement of certain intervals
MNDetection range equals point source A
iAnd put between the O apart from A among measurement electrode M, the N
iO; When heading end the place ahead does not have geological structure, the potential difference that obtains is the normal value on normal stratum, and heading end the place ahead is when existing geological structure, the distribution of equipotential surface will be changed, it is the most obvious to show as the potential difference variation that comprises between architectonic two equipotential surfaces, and this value can obtain by M, N two electrodes of measuring the heading end rear; Obtain the geological information that potential difference between M, N two electrodes has comprised heading end the place ahead, rear, top, below, left, total space stratum such as right-hand.
2, according to claim 1 a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing, it is characterized in that: described down-hole job practices is: near the equidistant L tunnelling head, L=1～8m arranges 4 electrodes of A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, a current electrode B who arranges with infinite distant place constitutes the loop, connects A respectively
1B, A
2B, A
3B and A
4B sets up artificial electric field toward the underground direct current that infeeds;
Apart from the current electrode certain distance, arrange two measurement electrode M, N at the rear, tunnel, measure the potential difference between M, N in this electric field, current electrode linearly distributes near two measurement electrode M, N and the heading end, between M, the N apart from being 1～8m;
Measuring method: the position of every relative fixed one-shot measurement electrode M, N, to A
iThe underground electric field of being set up when (i=1,2,3,4) all current electrodes are powered is separately respectively measured, and measurement parameter is:
MN/m，A
1O/m，U
1/mV，I
1/mA，ρ
S1/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
2O/m，U
2/mV，I
2/mA，ρ
S2/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
3O/m，U
3/mV，I
3/mA，ρ
S3/Ω·m；
MN/m，A
4O/m，U
4/mV，I
4/mA，ρ
S4/Ω·m；
MN is the air line distance between M and the N electrode; A
iO is A
iAnd the air line distance between the O (O is a point among the MN), i.e. detection range; U
iBe A
iAnd the potential difference during the B power supply between MN, I
iBe A
iElectric current when powering with B, ρ
SiBe A
iWhen powering with B, the apparent resistivity of measurement;
Behind a mobile M or the N, repeat above-mentioned measuring method once more, obtain four apparent resistivity curves.
3, according to claim 1 and 2 a kind of in coal mine roadway the DC electrical method method of bed-parallel advanced detection of water bearing, it is characterized in that: data processing method and means of interpretation:
In the geological information that obtains, include the influence of the various geologic bodies of the underground total space; This method has been eliminated the tunnel and has been met head on to influence near the MN of rear, the influence of the formation anisotropy that elimination laminar formation space and measurement mechanism cause, got rid of the influence in the non-dead ahead of meeting head on, calculate the apparent resistivity residual anomaly of eliminating after the above-mentioned influence and be the pure unusual of driving front geological structure, realize along the meet head on geological structure in the place ahead of Layer Detection digging laneway, through the actual effect checking, this method can reach 0m～140m along the Layer Detection distance;
Criteria for interpretation of the present invention is: calculates total on average all square relative error, is called for short " mean square error ",
The apparent resistivity exceptional value is that one-level is unusual less than 1 times of mean square error ABS (M), represents that corresponding the place ahead does not generally have big moisture, permeable structure; Between 1～2 times of mean square error ABS (M), be that secondary is unusual, be generally rock electricity and change greatly, as the reaction of the stronger plastid singularly of the properties of water-bearing such as rock phase transformation, pucking, water-bearing fault, trickle crack and old kiln; Extremely unusual greater than 2 times of mean square error ABS (M) Shi Weisan, be generally big rock electricity and change, as big water guide tomography, or the reaction of cranny development band and strong water contents such as potential water guide or gushing water structure---be " disastrous " geological structure.
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Owner name: XI'AN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINA COAL TECHNOLOGY Free format text: FORMER NAME: SIAN BRANCH OF CHINA COAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE |
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Address after: 710054 No. 52, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Patentee after: Xi'an Research Institute, CCTEG Address before: 710054 No. 52, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Patentee before: Sian Branch Of China Coal Research Institute |
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