CN101609138B - Cargo tracking and monitoring system - Google Patents
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- CN101609138B CN101609138B CN2008101239832A CN200810123983A CN101609138B CN 101609138 B CN101609138 B CN 101609138B CN 2008101239832 A CN2008101239832 A CN 2008101239832A CN 200810123983 A CN200810123983 A CN 200810123983A CN 101609138 B CN101609138 B CN 101609138B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cargo tracking and monitoring system which comprises electronic tags, an electronic tag manager and a positioning server and is characterized in that each electronic tag is provided with a unique identification, comprises a GPS module and is installed on cargoes and cargo transportation tools, all the electronic tags perform mutual wireless communication in the close range and are connected with the electronic tag manager and the positioning server through a wireless local area network or mobile telephone network, the electronic tag manager performs function set-ups and management to the electronic tags and the positioning server receives the information reported through the electronic tags to track and monitor the cargoes. By combining various positioning and communication ways, the effective positioning can be realized in various environments; the network structure is also simplified, the complexity of the network installation and the running management is lowered, and the cargo transportation and storage environment can be effectively monitored; and furthermore, the service life of the electronic tags is effectively prolonged due to the optimization to the system communication and the positioning method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of real-time positioning (Real Time locating Service of goods assets, RTLS) system, especially the real-time follow-up location of the goods that is transported in logistics system or other transportation systems and the environmental monitoring in transportation and the storage process, particularly a kind of cargo tracking and monitoring system belongs to technical field of data recognition.
Background technology
Be in the environment that constantly moves and change logistics, forwarding business sundry assets and personnel, be difficult to the instant situation of understanding sundry assets and personnel, it is carried out real-time management, therefore cause the waste of resource easily, work efficiency low influences enterprise development.
For yard management, the space in stockyard is often very limited, and handling frequent trailer, container turnover and stacking work in so limited space is a major test.In the stockyard, the truck driver is assigned to a location number and parks trailer, and this position is to set in advance.When trailer is placed by mistake; trailer must manually be reapposed the tram before the shipment beginning; therefore the usually expensive time is corrected these mistakes; even need establishment one " stockyard reconnaissance " to manage trailer; cause the waste of a large amount of human and material resources; the increase of production cost, the decline of work efficiency.When the inefficient operation and the information of same of hysteresis, cause the damage of client's discontented and goods easily.Most container profiles is very similar, searches very difficult effort, and logistics, carrier often lay in a lot of containers for use, make most containers rationally not utilized.Be that container is too much on one side, cause the idle of resource; Another side is to can not find suitable container, causes shortage of resources, and cost increases.
For warehousing management, it is one of link that use real-time positioning technology can obviously be raised the efficiency in the present domestic logistics management.How effectively the mobile asset of each link of management storage such as fork truck, pallet, goods etc., is looked for goods or the instrument be badly in need of rapidly and accurately, and is most important to improving operational efficiency.
Consider that from the transportation monitoring management transportation is because various factors influence, cause the damage of goods easily or lose.For the transportation of special articles such as refrigerated item, medicine, danger thing, more should note guaranteeing the state of goods especially, as: specific temperature, pressure or the like.To the monitoring of freight transportation process, can grasp situation and the position of goods in transportation in real time, in case situation occurred can in time be taked counter-measure.
In the past few years, the logistics forwarding business drops into very big effort at above problem aspect the infotech exploitation, transports the mobilism and the transparence of each link to realize the management logistics, and has obtained certain effect.The mobile communication architecture that adds the internet becomes general common recognition gradually technically.The locating and tracking system that has occurred the terminal (or electronic tag) of multiple use mobile phone, GPS, RFID and other various Information Monitorings on this basis.As related data: Chinese patent application 03155721.X " hybrid location system that global positioning satellite combines with network positions and method ", Chinese patent application 200510090773.4 " two-way real-time logistics information trace and join the method and system of goods ", Chinese patent application 03135055.0 " logistics wireless monitoring management system ", all proposed to be used for the localization method of goods transport vehicle, Chinese patent application 200580027462.1 " is used for following the tracks of the system and method at the container of the sea terminal operation that is discharged to ground " and has proposed a kind of method of following the tracks of the container in the cargo handling process at sea terminal, and Chinese patent application 200480038710.8 " tracking of container " has proposed a kind of method of following the tracks of container in the shipping process.Yet these solutions and can commercial system all exist problem to some extent at present mainly contain:
1, the electronic tag consumed energy is big, mission life short.As present use GPS and terminal that digital mobile phone is communicated by letter, when the location, need consume the electric energy of 70-100 milliwatt, and the time need consume electric energy up to the 300-1500 milliwatt in communication, thereby only be adapted at using on the occasion of externally fed condition such as the vehicle, can continuous working several months even above goods and equipment position application of several years when being difficult to be applied to require to use small-sized chemical cell.
2, limited coverage area is difficult to accomplish the all-the-way tracking to goods.As the terminal that is installed on the goods transport vehicle promptly can't be followed the tracks of the position of goods in the stockyard after the goods unloading.The electronic tag of and for example single use GPS locator meams is difficult to obtain satellite-signal under indoor environment, can't position operation.
3, installation and maintenance complexity, the system operation cost height.Multiple different terminal need be installed as existing system, electronic tag and other soft hardware equipment, as electronic label read/write, car-mounted terminal, goods electronic tag or the like, integrate and safeguard these variety classeses and often need the great amount of manpower input, thereby make system operation cost be difficult to reduce from the equipment of different manufacturers.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and a kind of design proposal of the goods real time location tracking system that can effectively address the above problem is provided, and a kind of cargo tracking and monitoring system promptly is provided.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Cargo tracking and monitoring system, comprise electronic tag, the electronic tag manager, location-server, wherein: described electronic tag has unique identification and comprises the GPS module, electronic tag is installed on transporting on the vehicles of goods and goods, each electronic tag carries out radio communication mutually in closely, and by WLAN or mobile telephone network, be connected with location-server with the electronic tag manager, wherein the electronic tag manager carries out function setting and management to electronic tag, location-server receives the information of electronic tag report, realizes the tracking and monitoring to goods.
Above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: in the standage of goods, also be distributed with the electronic tag of several fixed positions, form the wireless positioning measurement point, these electronic tags are by the Internet connection location-server; Be installed on transporting between the electronic tag under electronic tag on the vehicles and the wireless positioning measurement point of goods and goods and directly carry out message exchange and signal measurement, carry out the local location.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: pass through wireless self-networking between the described electronic tag, or the infrastructure mode connects via access point.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: described electronic tag comprises, sensor assembly, power management module, timer module, peripheral interface module, CPU module, memory module, wireless local area network communications module, the GSM/GPRS communication module, the GSM antenna, the GPS module, power supply connects sensor assembly, sensor assembly is connected with power management module with timer module, CPU module and memory module, wireless local area network communications module, the GSM/GPRS communication module, the GSM antenna, the GPS module is connected, and the GPS module can be accelerated obtaining and tracing process of satellite positioning signal according to initial position and temporal information that the outside provides.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: described sensor assembly comprises temperature sensor, or pressure transducer, or acceleration transducer, or humidity sensor.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: the power supply that described electronic tag adopts is disposable or chargeable chemical cell, or solar cell, or external dc power, or external ac power source.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: described electronic tag adopts the positioning signal form of ISO-20730.2 international standard; Or, carry out telecommunication with note or packet data mode by GSM/GPRS or CDMA digital mobile communication network; Or adopt IEEE802.11 series WLAN standard communication protocol.
Further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: described electronic tag manager connects single electronic tag by point-to-point mode; Or adopt broadcast mode to connect a plurality of electronic tags.
Again further, above-mentioned cargo tracking and monitoring system, wherein: described location-server, adopt the triangulation calculation method, according to the electronic tag locating information that receives, the position of resolving electronic tag and goods.
The outstanding substantive distinguishing features and the obvious improvement of technical solution of the present invention is mainly reflected in: in conjunction with multiple location and communication mode, comprise indoor, outdoor, stockyard, harbour, transporting the vehicles etc., in various environment, all can effectively locate, the whole process location of goods be followed the tracks of thereby reach.Simultaneously, adopt single electronic tag to make up communication and fixer network, simplified network structure, reduced the complexity of network installation and operational management, thereby effectively reduced the installation and operation cost of system.And electronic tag possesses multiple function, can transport storage condition to goods and effectively monitor.Moreover, by optimization, effectively prolonged the serviceable life of electronic tag to system communication and localization method, using under the situation of low-cost lithium manganese battery the electronic tag mission life can reach 3 to 5 (space again? digital format will be unified! ) year.
Description of drawings
Purpose of the present invention, advantage and characteristics will illustrate by the non-limitative illustration of following preferred embodiment and explain.These embodiment only are the prominent examples of using technical solution of the present invention, and all technical schemes of taking to be equal to replacement or equivalent transformation and forming all drop within the scope of protection of present invention.In the middle of these accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is the invention process synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the organigram of electronic tag.
Embodiment
The goods real time location tracking system comprises the electronic tag with unique sign, electronic tag manager and location-server.Electronic tag is installed on the goods that needs tracking and transports on the vehicles.Electronic tag can carry out radio communication mutually in closely, communicate by letter with the electronic tag manager with location-server by the WLAN access point simultaneously.And, can not set up under the situation of getting in touch with above-mentioned access point, electronic tag can be undertaken and location-server and electronic tag manager telecommunication by mobile telephone network.Moreover electronic tag can send and receive the local locating information by above-mentioned WLAN, and under the situation that can't carry out the local location satnav information of receiving world locational system (GPS).The electronic tag manager provides the setting and the management function of electronic tag, and location-server links to each other with internet or other wide-area communication networks, receives the information such as position of electronic tag report, and provides further management function such as cargo location to show.
In order to play better tracer action, the electronic tag that is distributed with a plurality of fixed positions in the goods standage is as the wireless positioning measurement point.Be installed in and carry out message exchange and signal measurement between electronic tag on the goods and the measurement point electronic tag to carry out the local location.Can pass through internet communication between measurement point electronic tag and location-server.Simultaneously, the electronic tag that is fixed on the cargo vehicle can carry out message exchange with the electronic tag that is installed on the goods, and its content comprises locating information such as gps satellite data and other electronic tag management information.
Further, electronic tag has the measurement function that carries out radio-frequency (RF) signal strength and time of arrival, to support the local location.Electronic tag can use the positioning signal form of ISO-20730.2 international standard.Simultaneously, its employed wireless near field communication agreement is IEEE 802.11 serial WLAN standard.Can intercom mutually by MANET or Ad-Hoc network between the electronic tag, also can communicate by letter with WAP by the infrastructure mode.And in order to allow electronic tag carry out telecommunication with note or packet data mode, it also includes GSM/GPRS or cdma communication module.
Again further, also be provided with the GPS receiver module in the electronic tag,, carry out the rapid GPS positioning action, to lower the required energy consumption in location by the initial position message that the short-range wireless communication mode receives; Timer, and can be accurately synchronous with network time.Simultaneously, consider the stable of power supply and work long hours that the power supply of electronic tag can be selected disposable or chargeable chemical cell; Solar cell; External dc power such as vehicle power; Modes such as external ac power source are powered.Simultaneously, electronic tag may detect the power supply mode of current use, and regulates the frequency of communication and content in view of the above to lower power consumption.
In order to tackle changeable transportation environment, the state of real-time follow-up electronic tag and goods is provided with temperature sensor in the electronic tag, or pressure transducer, or acceleration transducer, or humidity sensor.Whether electronic tag can write down each measured context variable values, and report to location-server by the conditional decision of setting in advance.
And, consider the safety issue that goods transports, electronic tag has the anti-detaching theft-proof function, can report to the police by the attempt of electronics or the illegal dismounting of optical instrument monitoring electronic tag and by wireless network.
Further, above-mentioned electronic tag manager, the function that adopts point-to-point mode that single electronic tag is provided with or uses broadcast mode that a plurality of electronic tags are provided with simultaneously.And it can upgrade by the embedded software of online mode to electronic tag.Location-server uses the localization method that comprises triangulation calculation (Triangulation) method, according to the electronic tag locating information that receives, finally resolves the position that obtains electronic tag and goods.And,, can use electronic chart and database to show and write down the position and the environmental information of goods in the server in order to realize Search and Orientation more easily.
Specify in conjunction with Fig. 1, shown three goods that follow the tracks of the needs location among Fig. 1, promptly goods 1, goods 4 and goods 8 are in warehouse 3 respectively, transport in vehicle 6 and the stockyard 10.Goods 1 is in the warehouse 3, and electronic tag 2 is installed on the goods 1, and electronic tag 2 is powered by internal battery.Wireless local network connecting point 13 has been installed in warehouse 3, simultaneously, is provided with in warehouse 3 and is fixed in known location, uses localized electron label 11, the electronic tag 12 of external communication power supply.Electronic tag 2 is in the low-power consumption dormant state when flat, only is waken up when one of following condition is met: 1, electronic tag detects goods 1 by motion sensor and is moved; 2, electronic tag detects surrounding environment change by other sensors, as temperature, and humidity, illumination etc. need record or warning; 3, the electronic tag anti-theft feature has detected illegal dismounting attempt.
After electronic tag 2 is waken up, promptly wireless lan signal is scanned.After obtaining wireless lan signal, electronic tag 2 sends locating information.This locating information comprises unique identification information and other contents that need report of electronic tag 2, as the environmental information of measuring, battery status or warning message etc.Subsequently, fixedly electronic tag 11, fixing electronic tag 12 and after fixedly electronic tag 13 receives locating information, carry out the measurement of signal intensity and time of arrival, and the result that will measure is forwarded to internet 20 by wireless local network connecting point 15, finally is sent to location-server 21 by internet 20.Same, locating information itself is forwarded to location-server 21 through wireless local network connecting point 15 too.Thus, location-server 21 according to stored about fixing electronic tag 11, fixedly electronic tag 12, the fixedly positional information of electronic tag 13 and the positioning signal measurement result of being received, use triangulo operation to solve the current location of electronic tag 2, be stored in the database, and be presented on the electronic chart.
Then, goods 4 is loaded into and transports on the vehicle 6, and on the goods 4 electronic tag 5 is installed, and 7 on localized electron label is installed on the vehicle 6.In the process of transporting, electronic tag 5 is by the internal battery power supply, and electronic tag 7 is by transporting vehicle 6 vehicle-mounted DC power supply.Electronic tag 7 continues to receive positioning signal that gps satellites 17 send and to self poisoning.During this period, electronic tag 5 is waken up at regular intervals by the electronic tag timer, adopts MANET mode and electronic tag 7 to set up wireless LAN communication then.Electronic tag 7 sends to electronic tag 5 with self GPS locating information of its acquisition.Simultaneously, electronic tag 7 regularly sends self-position information by GSM/GPRS network 16 to location-server 21, and the report information of forwarding electronic label 5.
After goods arrives the destination, electronic tag 7 notice electronic tags 5 start the GPS locating module of himself, with electronic tag 7 positions of receiving at last is that initial position carries out the rapid GPS location, thereby reach under the condition of exceeding the consuming cells electric energy, the purpose of electronic tag 5 accurate location.
Further, goods 8 is in the stockyard 10 that WLAN devices is not installed.Electronic tag 9 is installed on the goods 8.Same as above, electronic tag 9 is in the low-power consumption dormant state when flat, only is waken up when satisfying condition.After electronic tag 9 is waken up, promptly wireless lan signal is scanned, owing to there is not WLAN devices on every side, after the scanning failure, electronic tag 9 promptly starts the GPS localization function module, obtains the positioning signal that gps satellite 19 sends.For saving electric energy, electronic tag 2 does not directly resolve self-position, but will be stored in the storer from the locating information that satellite is received.As the needs report, then start the GSM/GPRS communication module, report to location-server by internet 20 with note or packet data mode by mobile communications network 18.Because with this understanding location and the cost of communicating by letter and energy consumption are far above communicating and locate by WLAN (wireless local area network), electronic tag 9 will be adjusted the frequency of positioning action and report according to the battery consumption situation, with the assurance mission life.
Specifically, electronic tag manager 22 can keep and the writing to each other of electronic tag 2, electronic tag 5, electronic tag 7, electronic tag 9, electronic tag 11, electronic tag 12, electronic tag 13 by internet 20.Electronic tag manager 22 can be provided with the various parameters of control electronic tag work, as transmission mode, and emissive power, timer length, alert event is provided with or the like.Another function of electronic tag manager 22 is dynamically updating of the support software that electronic tag moved.When needs carried out software upgrading, electronic tag manager 22 was transmitted by internet 20 and wireless network, and the new edition software download to each electronic tag and be stored in the nonvolatile memory, and is resetted by electronic tag and to load new edition software.Simultaneously, be convenient management, electronic tag manager 22 comprises that the point-to-point mode of use is provided with single electronic tag, also the function that can use broadcast mode that a plurality of electronic tags are provided with simultaneously.
In order to make electronic tag realize better function, Electronic Tag Structure as shown in Figure 2: comprise sensor assembly 201, power management module 202, timer module 203, peripheral interface module 204, CPU module 205, memory module 206, wireless local area network communications module 207, wireless lan antenna 210, GSM/GPRS communication module 209, GSM antenna 211, GPS module 209, gps antenna 212.Wherein, sensor assembly 201 is connected with power management module 202 with timer module 203, and the system wake-up function is provided.Sensor assembly 201 comprises environment monitoring sensor such as temperature, motion etc.Power management module 202 controls are to the power supply of other modules.Under the situation that sensor or timer event take place, power supervisor makes it enter duty to CPU module 205 and memory module 206 power supplies thereby wake electronic tag up.CPU module 205 is connected with memory module 206, and reading software code and execution from memory module 206.CPU module 205 and communication module, GPS module 209 is connected.According to prior setting and the current kind that incident takes place, CPU module 205 can determine to start communication module and carry out wireless LAN communication, start communication module and carry out GSM/GPRS communication, or startup GPS module 209 is carried out the GPS location.Communication module and GPS module 209 all are furnished with corresponding separately antenna.CPU module 205 is connected with peripheral interface module 204, and peripheral interface module 204 provides the human interface function as showing button or keyboard input, hummer etc.Certainly, peripheral interface module 204 also provides other interconnected and expanded functions, as serial communication interface (UART), and USB (universal serial bus) (USB) etc.
In conjunction with above-mentioned literal also by accompanying drawing as can be seen, the present invention has following advantage:
1, in conjunction with multiple location and communication mode, comprising indoor, outdoor, stockyard, harbour, transporting the vehicles etc., in various environment, all can effectively locate, thereby reach the whole process location of goods is followed the tracks of.
2, adopt single electronic tag to make up communication and fixer network, simplified network structure, reduced the complexity of network installation and operational management, thereby effectively reduced the installation and operation cost of system.
3, electronic tag possesses multiple function, can transport storage condition to goods and effectively monitor.
4, by optimization to system communication and localization method, effectively prolonged the serviceable life of electronic tag, under the situation of using low-cost lithium manganese battery, the electronic tag mission life can reach more than 3 years.
Claims (2)
1. cargo tracking and monitoring system, comprise electronic tag, the electronic tag manager, location-server, it is characterized in that: described electronic tag has unique identification and comprises the GPS module, electronic tag is installed on transporting on the vehicles of goods and goods, each electronic tag carries out radio communication mutually in closely, and by WLAN or mobile telephone network, be connected with location-server with the electronic tag manager, wherein the electronic tag manager carries out function setting and management to electronic tag, location-server receives the information of electronic tag report, realizes the tracking and monitoring to goods; In the standage of goods, also be distributed with the electronic tag of several fixed positions, form the wireless positioning measurement point, these electronic tags are by the Internet connection location-server; Be installed on goods and goods and transport between the electronic tag under electronic tag on the vehicles and the wireless positioning measurement point and directly carry out message exchange and signal measurement, carry out the local location; Pass through wireless self-networking between the described electronic tag, or the infrastructure mode connects via access point; Described electronic tag comprises, sensor assembly, power management module, timer module, peripheral interface module, CPU module, memory module, wireless local area network communications module, GSM/GPRS communication module, GSM antenna, GPS module, power supply connects sensor assembly, sensor assembly is connected with power management module with timer module, and CPU module is connected with memory module, wireless local area network communications module, GSM/GPRS communication module, GSM antenna, GPS module; Described sensor assembly comprises temperature sensor, or pressure transducer, or acceleration transducer, or humidity sensor; The power supply that described electronic tag adopts is disposable or chargeable chemical cell, or solar cell, or external dc power, or external ac power source; Described electronic tag manager connects single electronic tag by point-to-point mode; Or adopt broadcast mode to connect a plurality of electronic tags.
2. cargo tracking and monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described location-server, adopt the triangulation calculation method, according to the electronic tag locating information that receives, the position of resolving electronic tag and goods.
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| CN2008101239832A CN101609138B (en) | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | Cargo tracking and monitoring system |
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| CN2008101239832A CN101609138B (en) | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | Cargo tracking and monitoring system |
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| CN101609138B true CN101609138B (en) | 2011-12-07 |
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| CN1898688A (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2007-01-17 | 斯利府·米什创造有限公司 | Tracking of containers |
| CN101079095A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-11-28 | 无锡晶尧科技有限公司 | Quick positioning method of concealed body |
| CN100375111C (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2008-03-12 | 复旦大学 | Method for anti false verification based on identification technique in radio frequency, and anti false system |
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2008
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1898688A (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2007-01-17 | 斯利府·米什创造有限公司 | Tracking of containers |
| CN100375111C (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2008-03-12 | 复旦大学 | Method for anti false verification based on identification technique in radio frequency, and anti false system |
| CN1731751A (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2006-02-08 | 李世钊 | Method and system for bidirectional real-time logistics information track and distribution |
| CN1877619A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2006-12-13 | 中山大学 | Tracking management system for decentralized storage goods and management method therefor |
| CN101079095A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-11-28 | 无锡晶尧科技有限公司 | Quick positioning method of concealed body |
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