CN101561816A - Method for releasing geospatial data incremental information - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for releasing geospatial data incremental information, which comprises the following steps: determining the semantic definition, classification, measurement and storage of the incremental information by organizing and modeling geographic incremental information; establishing an XML-based geographic incremental information storage medium which facilitates the release of the geographic incremental information and the update of a client; and storing the acquired incremental information in an XML format and releasing the XML incremental information. The method provides a database operation-oriented data description of the incremental information according to the change type and operation type of factors as well as the classic definition and classification of the incremental information, provides incremental information data expression in XML on the basis of geographic information data file expression and SGML expression, provides XML-based geographic incremental information storage, and has the advantages of self-description, flexibility, independence, expandability, high structural property and good cross-platform property.

Description

The dissemination method of geospatial data increment information

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of dissemination method of geodata increment information, belong to the geographical information technology field.

Background technology

Along with the expansion of spatial data service field and deepening continuously of application, the user has higher requirement to accuracy, integrality and the trend of the times of spatial data.Therefore, geospatial database is carried out continual renewal, improve the trend of the times of geographical spatial data, and distribute lastest imformation, become spatial data manufacturer's the task of top priority to the data user.

According to the data content that provides to its user, can be divided into batch type renewal and incrementally updating dual mode with having update service now.Batch type upgrades the full content that the new edition data are provided to the user, there are problems such as transfer efficiency is low, user side renewal difficulty in this kind update mode, and incrementally updating only provides the information that changes to the client, this update mode is science more, is a kind of more effective lastest imformation publishing policy.More recent studies on to increment information at present still is in the starting stage, all has the problem of many needs further investigations on theoretical and method.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of increment information issue, and the geodata increment information is preserved with the form of XML, and it is issued.Thereby realize ratio batch type renewal in the past data-updating method more efficiently.

Technical scheme of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

Step 1 formulates the increment information criteria for classification and definite increment information classification is measured.Dissimilar spatial datas is a classification foundation with different space attributes, and dissimilar variations is a standard with different intensity of variations again.

Step 2 is carried out modeling according to the increment information criteria for classification to increment information, and the geographical increment information of gained is stored among the XML document, obtains the XML increment information.

Step 3 pair XML increment information is issued.

Above-mentioned geospatial data increment information criteria for classification and tolerance are to carry out prerequisite and the basis that increment information extracts.Geographical increment information and snapshot, incident and snapshot difference correlation, snapshot is meant the data representation of key element in objective world sometime, incident is the reason that the snapshot difference produces, and the difference degree of the geography information that snapshot difference embodiment incident causes, increment information are the compound bodies of snapshot difference and incident.

Basic geography information comprises geographical semanteme, geometric shape and feature and three aspects of thematic attribute, and geographic element is classified key element according to the point, line, surface geometric properties simultaneously.Describe the variation of the geographic element of real world kind with incident, according to the variation of semanteme, geometry and the attribute of geography information, the change events that can describe target is as follows: displacement, semanteme and the thematic attribute change of some key element; The prolongation of line feature, shortening, distortion, displacement, semanteme and thematic attribute change; The expansion of face key element, contraction, distortion, displacement, semanteme and thematic attribute change.Can carry out concrete parametric description and tolerance to above-mentioned criteria for classification according to geocoding, geometric description and the thematic feature of concrete geography information (as basic geography information), think that the increment information of back provides the basis.

The present invention describes the increment information of geodata by XML document, be stored in server end, request and customization according to the user, the Web server complexity is resolved and is inquired about XML document, return and give user side for information about, browse and use for the user, realize the issue of geospatial data increment information.Web server is accepted the services request of client, request according to client, parsing and query statement to data server incremental data XML, finish and from database, extract increment information, the increment information description document that generation is used to transmit based on XML, design style sheet file XSL for the increment information file then, at last XML file and corresponding XSL style sheet file are sent to client together.

Data server is finished warehouse-in, the renewal of edition data, for user's inquiry and demonstration provides data source.

The present invention is according to factor change type and action type, and the typical semantic of increment information and classification, proposes the data description of the increment information of data base-oriented operation; On the basis of geographic information data text representation and SGML expression, propose use XML and expressed the increment information data; Service framework based on the increment information issue of XML has also been proposed.Geographical increment information storage based on XML has the advantage of self-description, dirigibility, independence, extensibility, structural strong, good professional platform independence.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the operation contrast figure in event type and the database.

Fig. 2 is an increment information issue process flow diagram.

Embodiment

For making things convenient for the renewal of client database, the present invention is based on incident and snapshot difference type, a kind of increment information definition of data base-oriented operation is proposed, wherein implying each incident in the objective world.Increment information based on operation and snapshot difference is designated as Δ Object, Δ Object=[Diff, Operate], snapshot is poor $\mathrm{Diff}=\{\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old},\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new},\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\∪}}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo}\}.$ ID_old, ID_new,

And Δ Geo is snapshot difference item, and ID_old wherein, ID_new are respectively the sign of geography target in old, redaction,

The set of expression geography target special topic attribute change, Δ Geo represents how much variations of geography target, Operate then is the database update operation of implicit real world incident.

According to the operation corresponding relation in event type and the database, as shown in Figure 1.

When " appearance ", " extinction ", " how much or attribute change " incident took place single target, three kinds of basic operations that correspond in the database are: increase, deletion was revised.When the incident of " merging ", " division ", " multi-to-multi " took place a plurality of geography targets, its complex operations all can be decomposed into above-mentioned three kinds of basic operations, i.e. the increase of deletion of former geographical target and new geography target.Wherein, incident " how much or attribute change " is for different geographic element classes, and meaning is also different.The geometry or the attribute change situation of different factor type correspondences, as shown in the table:

Factor type	The situation of geometry or attribute change
		The point key element	Displacement, attribute change
Line feature	Prolongation, shortening, distortion, displacement, attribute change
		The face key element	Expansion, contraction, distortion, displacement, attribute change

The increment information that variety of event causes can be expressed as:

When single geography target occurs, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new},\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\∪}}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},\mathrm{Insert}].$

When single geography target extinction time, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old},\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\∪}}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},\mathrm{Delete}].$

When how much of single geography targets or attribute change, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Modify}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old},\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new},\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\∪}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},\mathrm{Modify}].$

When a plurality of geography targets merge, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Merge}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{ol}{d}_1,\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{ol}{d}_2,\·\·\·,\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{ol}{d}_M,$ $\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new},\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\∪}}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},\mathrm{Merge}]=$ $\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_1+\mathrm{\Δbject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_2+\·\·\·+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_M+\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right).$

When geographical target divides, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Split}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old},\mathrm{ID}\_{\mathrm{new}}_1,\mathrm{ID}\_{\mathrm{new}}_2,\·\·\·,$ ${\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new}}_N,\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\∪}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},\mathrm{Split}]=$ $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_1+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_2+\·\·\·\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_N.$

When the variation of geographical target generation multi-to-multi, $\mathrm{\ΔObject}\left(\mathrm{MvsN}\right)=[\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{ol}{d}_1,$ ${\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old}}_2,\·\·\·,{\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{old}}_M,\mathrm{ID}\_{\mathrm{new}}_1,\mathrm{ID}\_{\mathrm{new}}_2,\·\·\·,{\mathrm{ID}\_\mathrm{new}}_N,\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\∪}}}\mathrm{\ΔAttribute},\mathrm{\ΔGeo},$ $\mathrm{MvsN}]=$ $\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_1+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_2+\·\·\·+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Delete}\right)}_M+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_1$ $+\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_2+\·\·\·\mathrm{\ΔObject}{\left(\mathrm{Insert}\right)}_N.$

The present invention adopts visual and standardized XML related tool to design the XML Schema that graphic structure intuitively generates physics then.

The XML Schema documentation root node of increment information is increment map (ChangeOnlyMap), mainly describes from the renewal set (UpdateCollection) of metadata (MetaData) and master data body.

The metadata part:

Metadata (MetaData) can continue to be divided into following five aspects: the relevant information of legacy version map (BeforeUpdateMap), the relevant information of redaction map (AfterUpdateMap), the information of relevant this data processing (AboutProcessing), the field information collection (FieldsInfo) and the ChangeStatic of factor kind.

In BeforeUpdateMap and AfterUpdateMap, its child node has all write down the map sheet title (MapSheetName) of new and old map, factor kind title (MapSheetName), key element geometric type (Geometry), Map Production merchant (MapProducer), map supplier (MapProvider), map publisher (Release), map date issued (ReleaseDate), level of confidentiality (securitylevel), geographic coordinate system (GeoSystem), height datum (elevationbase), optical projection system (ProjectSystem), sheet line system standard (MapSheetStandard), map sheet sequence number (MapSheetNumber), total map sheet number (MapSheetTotal Number).

In AboutProcessing, its child node has write down the version (Version) of native system, developer (Supplier), publisher (Release).In FieldsInfo, the field information of its child node factor kind (Field) has write down field name (Name), field type (Type).

The master data body portion:

UpdateCollection is according to the difference of its attribute map sheet number (PartitionID), be divided into a plurality of update data set (UpdateDataSet), and UpdateDataset has write down Back ground Information (BaseInformation) again respectively according to its attribute key element class name (FeatureClassName), simple upgrade (SimpleUpdate), complicated (CompositeUpdate) three child nodes of upgrading.

In BaseInformation, write down spatial data geometric type (ShapeType), major key (PrimaryKey).

In SimpleUpdate, write down the total number (SimpleTotalNum) and simple renewal of simple renewal and operated (SimpleOperation).Wherein, SimpleOperation is divided into increase (AddFeature) again, and deletion (DeleteFeature) is revised (ModifyFeature).

In AddFeature, total number (AddFeatureNum) that increases and the operation (AddOperation) that increases have been write down, wherein AddOperation has comprised the source (Source) that increases, [geometry and the attribute information of D (FeatureAfterID) and newly-increased target FeatureAfter of newly-increased target.The value of Source only comprises following four kinds: (SplitAdd) that increases in cutting apart, and (PureAdd) of pure increase, (CombinationAdd) that increases in the merging, (MvsNAdd) that increases in the multi-to-multi situation,

In DeleteFeature, the total number (DeleteFeatureNum) of deletion and the operation (DeleteOperation) of deletion have been write down, the source (Source) that has wherein comprised deletion in the DeleteOperation, the ID FeatureBeforeID of deleted target and geometry and the attribute information of deleted target FeatureBefore.Here the value of Source only comprises following four kinds: in cutting apart (SplitDelete) of deletion, and (PureDelete) of pure deletion, (CombinationDelete) that deletes in the merging, (MvsNDelete) that deletes in the multi-to-multi situation.

In ModifyFeature, the total number (ModifyFeatureNum) revised and the operation of revising (ModifyOperation) have been write down, wherein ModifyOperation has comprised the source (Source) of revising, geometry and the attribute information of ID number (FeatureAfterID) of the geometry of the ID of former target number (FeatureBeforeID), preceding target FeatureBefore and attribute information and fresh target, back target FeatureAfter.The value of the Source here comprises following five kinds: expansion (Expansion), shrink (Reduction) distortion (Reshape), translation (Move), attribute change (AttributeChange).

In CompositeUpdate, write down the complicated total number (CompositeTotalNum) upgraded and complicated renewal operation (CompositeOperation) have taken place, its operation comprises three child nodes: cut apart (SplitFeature), merge (CombinationFeature) multi-to-multi (MvsN).

Total number (SplitFeatureNum) and cutting operation (SplitOperation) that target is cut apart in SplitFeature, have been write down.Write down the number (FeatureOldNum) of former target in its operation, the ID of former target number (FeatureOldID), the number of fresh target (FeatureNewNum), the ID of fresh target number (FeatureNewID).For each division incident, the FeatureOldID here only occurs once, and FeatureNewID can occur infinite time.

In CombinationFeature, total number (CombinationFeatureNum) and union operation (CombinationOperation) that target merges have been write down, wherein union operation has write down the number (FeatureOldNum) of former target, the ID of former target number (FeatureOldID), the number of fresh target (FeatureNewNum), the ID of fresh target number (FeatureNewID).For each merging incident, the FeatureOldID here occurs infinite time, and FeatureNewID only occurs once.

In MvsN, write down the total number (MvsNFeatureNum) and the multi-to-multi operation (MvsNOperation) of geography target multi-to-multi situation.Wherein, the multi-to-multi operation note number of former target (FeatureOldNum), the ID of former target number (FeatureOldID), the number of fresh target (FeatureNewNum) is newly sold ID number (FeatureNewID) of portion.For each multi-to-multi incident, FeatureOldID here and FeatureNewID all can occur infinite time.

Below example showed that the XML of geography target multi-to-multi expresses, wherein ID is respectively two Geju City target complex transformations of 1650 and 1652 and is respectively three fresh targets of 1020,1021 and 1022 for ID.

<ChangeOnlyMap>

<UpdateCollection?PartitionID＝”h50111101”>

＜UpdateDataSet FeatureName=" settlement place "

<CompositeUpdate>

<CompositeTotalNum>1</CompositeTotalNum>

<CompositeOperation>

<MvsN>

<MvsNFeatureNum>1</MvsNFeatureNum>

<MvsNOperation>

<FeatureOldNum>2</FeatureOldNum>

<FeatureOldID>1650</FeatureOldID>

<FeatureOldID>1652</FeatureOldID>

<FeatureNewNum>3</FeatureNewNum>

<FeatureNewID>1020</FeatureNewID>

<FeatureNewID>1021</FeatureNewID>

<FeatureNewID>1022</FeatureNewID>

</MvsNOperation>

</MvsN>

</CompositeOperation>

</CompositeUpdate>

</UpdateDataSet>

</UpdateCollection>

</ChangeOnlyMap>

The present invention is by to the definition of increment information, describes the increment information of geodata by XML document, is stored in server end.According to user's request and customization, the WEB server complex is resolved and is inquired about XML document, returns for information about and to give the user, browses and uses for the user.The issue process flow diagram as shown in Figure 2.Wherein the function separately of client and server is as follows:

Client: client mainly proposes the spatial data services request to the WEB service end, and analyzes and show according to the result that service end is returned.The user can customize increment information according to self needs, and when realizing incremental update, client only need be downloaded xml file and the client refresh routine of describing increment information, can realize the renewal of user side data.

Web server: Web server is responsible for accepting the services request of client, passes to data server, and the result is sent back to the client.According to the request of client, to parsing and the query statement of data server incremental data XML, finish and from database, extract increment information, generate the increment information description document that is used to transmit based on XML.Design style sheet file XSL for the increment information file, then XML file and corresponding XSL style sheet file are sent to client together, the resolver that is carried by client browser shows.Realize on this basis being used for visualization interface and the various query function that the user browses, and provide the server end download address for user's download increment information file.

Data server: data server is finished warehouse-in, the renewal of edition data, for user's inquiry and demonstration provides data source.

Claims (5)

1. the dissemination method of a geospatial data increment information is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

Step 1: formulation increment information criteria for classification and definite increment information classification are measured;

Step 2: according to the increment information criteria for classification increment information is carried out modeling, the geographical increment information of gained is stored among the XML document, the XML that obtains increment information expresses;

Step 3: the XML increment information is issued.

2. according to the dissemination method of the described geospatial data increment information of claim 1, it is characterized in that: geographical increment information and snapshot, incident and snapshot difference correlation, snapshot is meant the data representation of key element in objective world sometime, incident is the reason that the snapshot difference produces, the difference degree of the geography information that snapshot difference embodiment incident causes, increment information are the compound bodies of snapshot difference and incident; Basic geography information comprises geographical semanteme, geometric shape and feature and thematic attribute, geographic element is classified key element according to the point, line, surface geometric properties simultaneously, the variation of the geographic element of real world kind is described with incident, according to the variation of semanteme, geometry and the attribute of geography information, the change events that can describe target is as follows: displacement, semanteme and the thematic attribute change of some key element; The prolongation of line feature, shortening, distortion, displacement, semanteme and thematic attribute change; The expansion of face key element, contraction, distortion, displacement, semanteme and thematic attribute change according to geocoding, geometric description and the thematic feature of concrete geography information, are carried out concrete parametric description and tolerance to above-mentioned criteria for classification.

3. according to the dissemination method of the described geospatial data increment information of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the increment information of describing geodata by XML document, be stored in server end, request and customization according to the user, Web server is resolved and is inquired about XML document, return for information about and to give user side, browse and use the issue of realization geospatial data increment information for the user.

4. according to the dissemination method of the described geospatial data increment information of claim 3, it is characterized in that: Web server is accepted the services request of client, request according to client, parsing and query statement to data server incremental data XML, finish and from database, extract increment information, the increment information description document that generation is used to transmit based on XML, design style sheet file XSL for the increment information file then, at last XML file and corresponding XSL style sheet file are sent to client together.

5. according to the dissemination method of the described geospatial data increment information of claim 4, it is characterized in that: data server is finished warehouse-in, the renewal of edition data, for user's inquiry and demonstration provides data source.

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