CN101564016B - Method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water Download PDFInfo
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- CN101564016B CN101564016B CN2008100363404A CN200810036340A CN101564016B CN 101564016 B CN101564016 B CN 101564016B CN 2008100363404 A CN2008100363404 A CN 2008100363404A CN 200810036340 A CN200810036340 A CN 200810036340A CN 101564016 B CN101564016 B CN 101564016B
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- fish
- nets
- fishes
- net
- silk screen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water and belongs to a method for sampling the small fishes in the shallow water, which aims to provide a method for simultaneously sampling fishes at middle and upper layers and fishes at a lower layer. The method uses guide nets, barrier nets, bamboo poles, silk nets and ground cages and is characterized in that the guide nets, the barrier nets, the silk nets and the ground cages are fixed in water by the bamboo poles, and the guide nets on both sides of the nets are vertically arranged respectively; two guide nets and four barrier nets form four fish inlet doors with small interiors and large exteriors; the silk nets are triple-layer nets with more meshes; the inner side of each ground cage is provided with a fish inlet with reverse fibers, and cod ends at both ends of the ground cage are internally provided with reverse fibers; a plurality of boats travel toward the nets, and noise is made by utilizing engines on the boats and paddles so as to ensure that the fishes swim to the direction of the nets and enter the nets; after the fishes enter the nets, the fish inlet doors are sealed by net sheets; sampling personnel drive the boats to enter a fish collecting box to dissipate the fishes; the ground cages and the silk nets are taken out of the water, and the fishes are taken down one by one and put in a water box. The method is used for comprehensive sampling of small fishes in the shallow water.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to aquatic product fishery Sampling techniques field, relate to a kind of method of small fishes in shallow water comprehensively sampling.
Background technology
Fisherman's fishing method and tool kind are various, and the fisherman is divided into netting gear class, bamboo tool class, ironmongery and other kind by its Fishing tool kind with fishing method.
The fishing method of netting gear class mainly comprise silk screen, fishnet net, flounder net, whirlpool net, barrage square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports, trawlnet, cage etc.Silk screen nylon wire, formal wire are woven into mesh size difference, fishing net that netting gear length is different; The structure of net mainly contains three-layer network and individual layer net, and the fisherman clocklike is sprinkling upon the waters of fish activity with silk screen, and fish is aprowl snarled by silk screen, catches then.The fishnet net is a kind of large-scale fishing net that is woven into nylon wire, is mainly used in fishing for of stream and fish pond, and the fisherman is placed on the end in stream, fish pond with the fishnet net, and two sides have the people to draw in the net, and makes one to bring out water and catch.The flounder net is a kind of Fishing tool that nylon wire and mao bamboon are made, and its type shape is mainly used in fishing for of little stream as " bifurcation " font, and the end that the fishing inercant ships are put the stream with the flounder net advances to the other end, catches fish after end comes out.The whirlpool net is a kind of Fishing tool that is made into nylon wire, type shape such as bamboo hat, and rope is arranged at the top, the fixing tin pin of going up equivalent in bottom, the fisherman spreads out net with the gimmick of rotation, utilizes centrifugal force that net is opened and puts into water, and the tin pin of footing draws in automatically fish is caught during withdrawal.The barrage square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports is to do a kind of large-scale barrage Fishing tool that support and mesh grid etc. are made with mao bamboon or wooden stick, the length of net is equal substantially with the width in river, there are motion bar and movable rope in the two ends of net, utilize motion bar and movable rope that net is sunk to the river bed or receives out the water surface, fish goes downstream and falls into net, and receive out the water surface with net and catch fish opportune moment.Trawlnet is a kind of Fishing tool of bag type in making with the net sheet, and the fishing inercant ships are put into trawlnet the river bed and led on the bow to draw with rope and make fish fall into net and catch in the river shoal.A kind of Fishing tool that the ground cage is made with iron bar or bamboo chip and net sheet is rectangle, and some imports that palpus is arranged down are done on both sides.Be mainly used in and catch crab, swamp eel, soft-shelled turtle, grass shrimp etc.
The fishing method of bamboo tool class mainly comprises cover, bamboo or wicker fence envelope, barrage bamboo weir, card etc.Cover is a kind of Fishing tool made from bamboo chip, and its shape becomes uncovered cylinder of the no end, leaves removable cover mouth net above, in case run away general big cover, little cover and the tooth cover of dividing of cover from loam cake at dark water fish.The bamboo or wicker fence envelope is a kind of Fishing tool made from the bamboo bar, and the front has the ABC of, but fish is difficult for returning out after entering; After the boat people will have the waters of fish to surround usually, catch up with fish into bamboo or wicker fence envelope and catch.The barrage bamboo weir is horizontal blocking in the river with bamboo paper tinsel or net paper tinsel, and a kind of fishing means of putting into some " 9 " type, and it is fish " trap ".Card is to make the 1-3 centimeter length with mao bamboon, and the 1-3 millimeter is thick, and the articles made of bamboo that two ends are sharp-pointed are buckled in about 15 centimetres nylon wire one ends in the middle of it, and the other end of nylon wire is buckled on the nylon wire of some length, and this fisherman is called " card "; Operation is articles made of bamboo to be done " U " font, puts at the opening part of " U " shape and makes blue or green reed cover, is sprinkled in the water after putting bait into, and fish breaks blue or green reed cover (fisherman claims cutting ferrule) after eating bait, blocks fish and obtains, and card has the branch of kilocalorie, lesser calorie.
The fishing method of iron tool class mainly comprises fork, hook, fishing jig and hook etc.Fork is divided into plate fork and lantern fork again with the stable Fishing tool of doing dentation, fork.Plate is pitched a general 5-9 tooth, becomes the fan type, and it is fixed on the bamboo bar, sees that the whereabouts fork of fish is got.The lantern fork, general 5-9 tooth, the likeness in form lantern is speared fish with aimless sometimes.It is also as professional fisherman's a kind of auxiliary Fishing tool.Hook is that fish hook is suspended on a kind of fish instrument of getting on the long line of some length by short-term, and the fisherman fixedly swings hook on this grass on limit, regularly collects, and this kind gets that the fish method is approximate fixedly fishes on a large scale.Fishing jig is to be hooked on the rope, with manually spurring in the korneforos, to hook fish.Hook is to be hooked on the rope, and fixing blocks in the korneforos, is hooked during fish swimming.
Other fishing method mainly comprises to be put cormorant, beats nest etc.When putting the cormorant fishing, the fisherman holds 3 meters long and fusiform wooden boats of a treaty, pricks a rope in cormorant cystidium bottom, in case fish is by in the cormorant wedging abdomen.Cormorant is put into water, as catches big fish, has and ends sharp-tongued hooking, and in time obtains.Beating the nest is at the snakehead spawning season, makes the snakeheaded fish nest with pasture and water in the place of easily laying eggs, and when treating to protect ovum after it is laid eggs, with harpoon or cover it is caught.
The fisherman fishes main purpose and is to obtain maximized economic interests, and therefore above-mentioned fishing method mainly is applicable to and fishes for individual bigger fish, and is not suitable for small fishes, and in research work, small fishes research is very important.When present research sampling, often use following method to sample in the research of small fishes group: underwater observation, spring net (pop-net) and cover net (drop-net), gill net, electric fishing, trawlnet, purse seine, fixation and throw the net etc.The underwater observation method pulls the plug in person by the researcher or directly observes the activities of fish, the mechanics and the spatial distribution of main researching fish by certain device in water.This method more complicated, less employing.The spring net constitutes with the purse seine that is connected upper and lower frames by upper and lower frames with the cover net.The spring net is from surrounding the water body of certain area down, and the cover net is then just opposite, surrounds the water body of certain area from top to down.The floating-upward process that studies show that the online frame that jumps easily alarms the stronger fish of mobility on upper strata, makes them flee from the zone that the spring net will be sampled, the more weak small fishes of lower floor's mobility during the host that therefore jumps will be adapted to study.Normal and the mesh size of fish in the gill net has certain relation, usually uses the different gill net of mesh size to study together in fish group is studied.Though the gill net method of sampling is simple, bigger to the fish selectivity, the accuracy of influence research.Electric fishing is used more in fish group sampling, the electric fishing that studies show that weak current to the fish lethal effect a little less than, generally just it is hit unconsciously, and the fish of all size are all had obvious effects, but the scope of electric fishing effect is less.The trawlnet sampling area is bigger, is usually used in the research of fish community diversity, uses morely in ocean research, and sampling request water body substrate is smooth, and the water plants rareness helps advancing of ship and trawlnet.Fixation is thrown the net and is used morely in the fishing for of lacustrine fishes, and labour intensity is lower, but its structure has some fish and lure or the scaring effect, thereby influence the accuracy that fish are sampled.
Small fishes is the important component part of fish group, and kind is numerous, and stock number is quite abundant, and is very outstanding in the lake Mesichthyes resource miniaturization phenomenon of many long-term excessive selective fishings.The food resource that small fishes consumption is a large amount of, simultaneously with many economic fish competition foods, therefore should rationally utilize the small fishes resource, prevent that its population growth is excessive, can be by food chain with the food resource of small fishes as the ferociousness fish, being translated into the unblemished fish product, is individual one of solution preferably.Therefore need illustrate features such as its structure of community, biomass, growth characteristics to the research of sampling of small fishes group.
When small fishes is studied sampling, adopt above-mentioned method to sample, more or less can both catch the part fish, in order to fish for enough samples, need sometimes to sample respectively, just can reach sampling request with multiple fishing method.As fishing for the upper strata small fishes with silk screen, fish for upper strata small fishes a little less than the mobility with electric fishing, the more weak small fishes of lower floor's mobility in fishing for the spring net, but these method efficient are low, relatively waste time and energy.Therefore need to solve the problem of small fishes comprehensively sampling at present, can easily sample simultaneously, can save great amount of manpower and material resources, improve the efficient of sampling research pelagic fishes and lower floor fish.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to invent a kind of method of sampling, can easily sample simultaneously, save manpower and material resources, improve the efficient of sampling research, solve the comprehensively sampling problem of small fishes pelagic fishes and lower floor fish.
The netting gear that technical scheme of the present invention is used mainly by draw net, block, bamboo pole, silk screen, cage form, the headline that draws net and block is tied with float, infraclass is tied with weight; Silk screen is raised to the higher plane of principle and is tied with float, and infraclass is tied up on the ground cage; To draw earlier net, block, silk screen, cage be fixed in the water with bamboo pole, the net that draws of netting gear both sides becomes vertical setting respectively, makes fish moving and enter in the netting gear along drawing network game; 2 are drawn net and 4 blocks and form in the both sides of netting gear and inner small and outside bigly become 4 of " eight " font to advance Yu Men, make fish cross into along drawing Netcom that fish is difficult to flight behind the door; Silk screen is the less many meshes three-layer network in order footpath, is used to fish for the small fishes of Different Individual size at the middle and upper levels; The ground cage has the fish inlet of palpus of band in the inboard of netting gear, there is keed at cage two ends, ground, also establish down palpus in the keed, and the fish in the ground cage finally enters keed and is hunted down, and is used to fish for the lower floor fish; Advance to the netting gear direction with many canoes then, utilize engine on the ship and ship slurry etc. to make a noise, small fishes is run away toward the netting gear direction, enter in the netting gear, treat that enough fishes enter in the netting gear after, will advance the fish door and seal with the net sheet, the sample collector drives canoe and enters and do not stop to drive fish in the fish-collecting box, make fish be snarled or enter ground cage and being hunted down by silk screen, from water, take out ground cage and silk screen then, take off fish by tail and put into water tank.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. draw net with twice anyhow, and drive fish, the fish in the sample area is entered in the netting gear along drawing net smoothly with ship; 2. use 2 to draw net and 4 blocks and form 2 inner small and outside big Yu Men that advance that become " eight " font in the both sides of netting gear, make fish cross into along drawing Netcom that fish is difficult to flight behind the door; 3. netting gear is only with the fixing netting gear of bamboo pole, and is easy and simple to handle, and the cost of netting gear is low, is easy to promote; 4. the three-layer network with many meshes links to each other with the ground cage, can sample simultaneously to pelagic fishes and lower floor fish, can save great amount of manpower and material resources, improves the efficient of sampling research; 5. after treating that enough fishes enter in the netting gear, will advance the fish door and seal with the net sheet, canoe enters and drives fish in the fish-collecting box then, the efficient height of fishing for.
Description of drawings
What accompanying drawing was represented is the schematic diagram of small fishes in shallow water comprehensively sampling netting gear.
Embodiment
The netting gear (seeing accompanying drawing) that the present invention uses mainly by draw net 5, block 4, bamboo pole 1, silk screen 6, cage 7 form, the headline that draws net 5 and block 4 is tied with float, infraclass is tied with weight, headline is every 1 meter float of tying up 20 centimetres of 1 diameters, infraclass is every 20 centimetres of weights of tying up 1 100 gram, and is fixed in the water every 1 bamboo pole of 5 meters usefulness; Silk screen 6 is raised to the higher plane of principle and is tied with float, raises to the higher plane of principle every 1 meter float of tying up 20 centimetres of 1 diameters, and infraclass is tied up on ground cage 7 with nylon rope; Draw net 5, the block 4, silk screen 6, cage 7 all use bamboo pole 1 to be fixed in the water; Draw net 5 length 30-100 rice, 1 centimetre of mesh, 2 of netting gear both sides draw net 5 and become vertical respectively and be provided with, and make fish move about and enter in the netting gear along drawing net 5; 2 are drawn net 5 and 4 blocks 4 and form in the both sides of netting gear and inner small and outside bigly to become 4 of " eight " font to advance fish door 2, advance 5 meters of fish door 2 external width, and 0.5 meter of inner width makes small fishes cross into along drawing Netcom that fish is difficult to flight behind the door; Silk screen 6 is the less many meshes three-layer network in mesh order footpath, and its mesh is respectively 1 centimetre, 2 centimetres, 3 centimetres, is used to fish for the small fishes of Different Individual size at the middle and upper levels; Ground cage 7 only has the fish inlet of being with palpus in the inboard of netting gear, fish inlet is close water-bed, 4 centimetres of diameters, and there is keed 3 at cage 7 two ends in ground, also establish down palpus in the keed 3, and the fishes in the ground cage 7 finally enter keed 3 and are hunted down, and ground cage 7 is mainly used in fishes for the lower floor fish; When the small fishes of phytal zone is carried out comprehensively sampling, need earlier netting gear is established, ground cage 7 and silk screen 6 at first are set, connect the block 4 of ground cage 7 and silk screen 6 ends then, set into fish door 2,4 surround fish-collecting box 8, be provided with rectangular 4 at last and draw net 5 with blocking; Netting gear is set the back advances to the netting gear direction with many canoes, utilize engine on the ship and ship slurry etc. to make a noise, small fishes is run away toward the netting gear direction, enters in the netting gear, treat that enough fishes enter in the netting gear after, to advance fish door 2 usefulness net sheets seals, the mesh size of net sheet is 1 centimetre, and the sample collector drives canoe and enters and do not stop to drive fish in the fish-collecting box 8 then, makes fish be snarled or enter the ground cage by silk screen 6 and is hunted down, from water, take out ground cage 7 and silk screen 6 then, take off fish by tail and put into water tank.
Claims (2)
1. the method for the comprehensively sampling of small fishes in shallow water, the netting gear of use by draw net, block, bamboo pole, silk screen, cage form, the headline that draws net and block is tied with float, infraclass is tied with weight; Silk screen is raised to the higher plane of principle and is tied with float, and infraclass is tied up on the ground cage; It is characterized in that will drawing earlier net, block, silk screen, cage be fixed in the water with bamboo pole, the net that draws of netting gear both sides becomes vertical setting respectively, makes fish moving and enter in the netting gear along drawing network game; 2 are drawn net and 4 blocks and form in the both sides of netting gear and inner small and outside bigly become 4 of " eight " font to advance Yu Men, make fish cross into along drawing Netcom that fish is difficult to flight behind the door; Silk screen is the less many meshes three-layer network in order footpath, is used to fish for the small fishes of Different Individual size at the middle and upper levels; The ground cage has the fish inlet of palpus of band in the inboard of netting gear, there is keed at cage two ends, ground, also establish down palpus in the keed, and the fish in the ground cage finally enters keed and is hunted down, and is used to fish for the lower floor fish; When the small fishes of phytal zone is carried out comprehensively sampling, need earlier netting gear to be established, ground cage and silk screen at first are set, the block that connects ground cage and silk screen end then, set into Yu Men, surround fish-collecting box with block, be provided with rectangular 4 at last and draw net, advance to the netting gear direction with many canoes then, utilize engine and quant on the ship to make a noise, small fishes is run away toward the netting gear direction, enter in the netting gear, after treating that enough fishes enter in the netting gear, to advance the fish door and seal with the net sheet, the sample collector drives canoe and enters and do not stop to drive fish in the fish-collecting box, makes fish be snarled or enter the ground cage by silk screen and is hunted down, from water, take out ground cage and silk screen then, take off fish by tail and put into water tank.
2. the method for the comprehensively sampling of small fishes in shallow water according to claim 1 is characterized in that drawing net length 30-100 rice, 1 centimetre of mesh; Draw net and raise to the higher plane of principle every 1 meter float of tying up 20 centimetres of 1 diameters with block, infraclass is fixed in the water every 1 bamboo pole of 5 meters usefulness every 20 centimetres of weights of tying up 1 100 gram; Silk screen is raised to the higher plane of principle every 1 meter float of tying up 20 centimetres of 1 diameters; Advance fish 5 meters of portion's width outdoors, 0.5 meter of inner width; The three-layer network of silk screen, its mesh are respectively 1 centimetre, 2 centimetres, 3 centimetres; 4 centimetres of the fish inlet diameters of ground cage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100363404A CN101564016B (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2008-04-21 | Method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100363404A CN101564016B (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2008-04-21 | Method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101564016A CN101564016A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
| CN101564016B true CN101564016B (en) | 2011-09-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2008100363404A Expired - Fee Related CN101564016B (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2008-04-21 | Method for comprehensively sampling small fishes in shallow water |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102511453A (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2012-06-27 | 苏州大学 | Fishing tool for macrobrachium nipponensis seeds and using method for fishing tool |
| CN104686457A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 三峡大学 | River-blocking fish-collecting device |
| CN104855326A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽东方源农业开发有限公司 | Anti-escape intercepting recovery system for fish culture in lake |
| CN111418560B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2024-10-22 | 中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating fish collecting device for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1069167A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1993-02-24 | 方圣元 | Big water surface operation catching method |
| CN2267643Y (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1997-11-19 | 李水金 | Quick fishing net |
| CN2291788Y (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-09-23 | 吴孝顺 | Bottom fish catching device |
| CN2425509Y (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-04-04 | 吴孝顺 | Fishing device |
| CN2462663Y (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2001-12-05 | 吴孝顺 | Device for catching fish at middle and bottom layers |
-
2008
- 2008-04-21 CN CN2008100363404A patent/CN101564016B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1069167A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1993-02-24 | 方圣元 | Big water surface operation catching method |
| CN2267643Y (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1997-11-19 | 李水金 | Quick fishing net |
| CN2291788Y (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1998-09-23 | 吴孝顺 | Bottom fish catching device |
| CN2425509Y (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-04-04 | 吴孝顺 | Fishing device |
| CN2462663Y (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2001-12-05 | 吴孝顺 | Device for catching fish at middle and bottom layers |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开2008-48626A 2008.03.06 |
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| CN101564016A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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