Background
Power control is one of the core technologies of modern mobile communication systems, and aims to overcome the near-far effect, so that the system can maintain high-quality communication and does not generate undesirable interference to other users occupying the same channel.
The power control is divided into downlink power control and uplink power control, wherein the downlink power control is used for adjusting the power transmitted by a base station to a User Equipment (UE); uplink power control is to control the transmission power of each ue, and can be divided into open-loop power control and closed-loop power control.
The precondition of the uplink open loop power control is that assuming that the uplink and downlink transmission losses are the same, the mobile terminal receives and measures the signal strength sent by the base station, estimates the downlink transmission loss, and then according to the estimation, the terminal self-adjusts its transmitting power, that is, the received signal is enhanced, and then reduces its own power; the received signal decreases and its transmit power increases. Uplink closed loop Power Control, that is, the base station detects the signal strength or signal-to-noise ratio from the terminal, compares the detected result with an expected value to form a Power Control command (TPC), and informs the terminal to adjust its transmission Power.
Generally speaking, a Power control system of a terminal radio frequency circuit is composed of 4 parts, namely, a Power amplifier, a transmitter, a baseband unit and a memory, wherein the baseband unit reads a corresponding APC (auto Power control) control word from the memory according to a Power value output as required, then the APC control word is used to control the transmitter to transmit a signal of Power corresponding to the APC control word, the signal is transmitted after passing through the Power amplifier, and a storage format of the APC control word in the memory is usually an APC table.
Generally, the APC control word has a good linear relationship with the transmitted power, but in practice, the physical characteristics of the device used by the terminal cannot present perfect characteristics, which mainly represents two aspects:
1. the gains of devices or circuits such as a transmitter and a power amplifier have large discreteness, namely: the gain is different for different devices;
2. the gain of a device or circuit varies with environmental conditions, particularly temperature and voltage, and the variation is not ideally linear.
For these two characteristics of the device, the prior art solutions propose corresponding solutions: aiming at the discreteness, the method solves the problem by means of production calibration of each terminal, and the calibration result is usually stored in the form of an APC (automatic Power control) calibration table; the problem that the gain is affected by environmental conditions is solved by adopting a compensation circuit for increasing environmental factors such as temperature, voltage, humidity and the like besides improving the characteristic requirements of the used devices or circuits.
Fig. 1A shows an operation schematic diagram of compensating for temperature and voltage in a prior art scheme, in which a temperature detection circuit and a voltage detection circuit are added in a terminal, so that the terminal can detect ambient temperature and operating voltage in real time, and accuracy of power control of the terminal is improved by compensating for temperature and voltage. The main steps of the power control of the terminal are shown in fig. 1B:
step 101: calibrating APC control words corresponding to all power levels for each terminal during production calibration to form an APC calibration table, and recording the production calibration temperature and the production calibration voltage during calibration in the APC calibration table during calibration of the APC control words; and measuring the compensation coefficient C of temperature and voltage through experiments1、C2And also recorded in the APC calibration table, and the contents recorded in the last APC calibration table are shown in table 1.
Step 102: when the terminal normally works, the environmental temperature T is detected at regular time1And voltage V1。
Step 103: reading the corresponding APC control word APC in the APC calibration table according to the power required to be outputTABLEAnd corresponding production calibration temperature T0And producing a calibration voltage V0。
Step 104: calculating the difference value delta T between the environment temperature and voltage and the production calibration temperature and voltage when the terminal works1-T0And Δ V ═ V1-V0。
Step 105: calculating the value of the APC control word after temperature and voltage compensation according to the following formula;
step 106: and controlling the transmitter to transmit a signal of a corresponding power level by using the calculated compensated APC control word.
TABLE 1 APC calibration Table of the prior art
Temperature compensation coefficient C1 |
xxx |
Voltage compensation coefficient C2 |
xxx |
Power class (dBm) |
APC control word |
Production calibration temperature |
Producing a calibration voltage |
24 |
xxx |
xxx |
xxx |
23 |
xxx |
xxx |
xxx |
22 |
xxx |
xxx |
xxx |
21 |
xxx |
xxx |
xxx |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
-50 |
xxx |
xxx |
xxx |
The method is an open-loop compensation method, each factor influencing the gain needs to be considered independently, a temperature detection circuit and a voltage detection circuit are added, if the influencing factors are more, the compensation is more complicated, the added detection circuits are more, and the memory space occupied by the APC calibration table is larger; in addition, the time for production calibration is longer due to environmental factors such as temperature and voltage at which each power level calibration needs to be tested, and the longer the production calibration is if more factors are considered.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, a Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) system terminal is taken as an example for explanation.
Mobile communication partnership project group according to the third generation (3GPP, 3)rd Generation Partnership Project) specification, the specific requirements of the TD-SCDMA terminal for uplink power control are as follows:
1) maximum output power of UE
Table 2 lists the maximum nominal output power and margin for different power class definitions.
TABLE 2 UE maximum output Power and margin
Power class |
Maximum output power | Tolerance margin | |
1 |
+30dBm |
+1dB/-3dB |
2 |
+24dBm |
+1dB/-3dB |
3 |
+21dBm |
+2dB/-2dB |
4 |
+10dBm |
+4dB/-4dB |
2) Open loop power control
Open loop power control is the ability of the UE transmitter to set its output power to a specified value. Table 3 lists the minimum margin requirements for open loop power control.
TABLE 3 minimum margin for open loop power control
Normal condition |
±9dB |
Extreme conditions |
±12dB |
3) Closed loop power control
In the next time slot after the UE receives the Power Control Command (TPC _ cmd, Transmit Power Control Command), the transmitter has the capability to change its output Power by 1, 2 or 3dB according to the value of TPC or RP-TPC, with the minimum requirement as follows:
TABLE 4 output Power step Range of transmitter when applying closed Loop Power control
Transmitting power control commands |
Transmission power control range |
1dB step size |
2dB step size |
3dB step size |
(TPC_cmd) |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Lift (Up) |
+0.5dB |
+1.5db |
-1dB |
+3dB |
+1.5dB |
+4.5dB |
Descending (Down) |
-0.5dB |
-1.5dB |
-1dB |
-3dB |
-1.5dB |
-4.5dB |
TABLE 5 mean output power step size range for a transmitter when applying closed loop power control
Transmission power control command (TPC _ cmdgroup) |
Transmitter power control range after 10 identical transmit power control commands |
1dB step size |
2dB step size |
3dB step size |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Minimum value |
Maximum value |
Lift (Up) |
+8dB |
+12dB |
+16dB |
+24dB |
+24dB |
+36dB |
Descending (Down) |
-8dB |
-12dB |
-16dB |
-24dB |
-24dB |
-36dB |
A power control command set (TPC _ cmd group) is a combination of a set of power control commands that can be derived from a series of consecutive power control commands within the same time.
4) Transmit power measurement accuracy
TABLE 6 transmit power measurement accuracy
Parameter |
Unit |
PUEMAX |
24dBm |
21dBm |
UE transmitted power=PUEMAX |
dB |
+1/-3 |
±2 |
UE transmitted power=PUEMAX-1 |
dB |
+1.5/-3.5 |
±2.5 |
UE transmitted power=PUEMAX-2 |
dB |
+2/-4 |
±3 |
UE transmitted power=PUEMAX-3 |
dB |
+2.5/-4.5 |
±3.5 |
PUEMAX-10≤UE transmittedpower<PUEMAX-3 |
dB |
+3/-5 |
±4 |
It can be seen from the above requirements that in TD-SCDMA terminals, the requirement for uplink open loop power control is relatively low, and the characteristics of the device itself can be satisfied, while the requirement for closed loop power control is relatively high, and a certain range of tolerance is allowed for the maximum transmit power and the transmit power measurement accuracy. If the terminal fails to meet these requirements, the radio frequency conformance test may fail and further the protocol conformance test may be affected. In order to enable the terminal to meet the requirements, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for controlling the power of the terminal.
The following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a power amplifier, a transmitter, a memory and a signal processor. Wherein,
and the memory is used for storing the corresponding relation between the power level and the power control signal and also storing the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power.
The data stored in the memory are obtained in the production calibration of the terminal.
In the specific implementation process, the Power control signal is an APC (auto Power control) control word, during production calibration, the Power amplifier of the terminal sends Power of different levels respectively, obtains a corresponding APC control word when each Power control level is transmitted, and stores each Power level and the corresponding APC control word in the memory.
In order to make the relation between the power level and the APC control word satisfy the linear relation, the stored power level and the APC control word may be linearly fitted, and the fitted data may be stored in the memory.
The correspondence relationship between the power detection value and the output power is also obtained at the time of production calibration, and the correspondence relationship between the power detection value and the output power stored in the memory may be a relationship between each output power and its corresponding power detection value, or may be a characteristic for determining the relationship between the power detection value and the output power, because in general, a linear relationship should be satisfied between the power detection value and the output power. In the former case, the terminal may be enabled to transmit different levels of power respectively during production calibration, and corresponding power detection values may be measured and stored. For the latter case, a reference output power and a reference output power may be selected, the terminal may transmit the two powers, respectively, and the power detection values under the two cases may be measured, so that a coefficient determining a relationship between the power detection value and the output power may be obtained.
And the signal processor is used for receiving a power adjustment instruction from a base station, detecting the transmission power transmitted by the power amplifier to obtain a power detection value, obtaining the output power corresponding to the power detection value according to the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power, determining the power level of the next secondary transmission according to the output power and the power adjustment instruction, and transmitting a power control signal corresponding to the power level to the transmitter.
Further, the signal processor includes: a feedback circuit and a baseband unit. Wherein,
the feedback circuit is connected with the power amplifier and is used for detecting the transmitting power transmitted by the power amplifier and feeding back a detected power value to the baseband unit;
and the baseband unit is connected with the feedback circuit and used for receiving the power detection value sent by the feedback circuit, acquiring output power corresponding to the power detection value according to the stored corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power, determining the power grade of the next transmission according to the output power and the received power adjustment instruction from the base station, and sending a power control signal corresponding to the power grade to the transmitter.
And the feedback circuit further comprises: a sampling circuit and a power detection circuit. Wherein,
the sampling circuit is connected with the power amplifier and is used for sampling the transmitting power transmitted by the power amplifier and transmitting the sampled power to the power detection circuit;
and the power detection circuit is connected with the sampling circuit and used for measuring the power sampled by the sampling circuit and transmitting the measured power detection value to the baseband unit.
As can be seen from table 6, the range of the transmission power to be detected is about 10dB, the power range of the power detection circuit can be designed to be about 20dB, and the range of the power detection value can be matched with the detected transmission power level.
In the implementation process, the sampling circuit and the power detection circuit can be implemented in various ways, for example, a directional coupler can be used as the sampling circuit, and a diode can be used as the power detection circuit.
The specific flow of the method for controlling the terminal power provided by the implementation of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, and mainly includes the following steps:
step 301: and when receiving a power adjustment instruction from the base station, the signal processor determines the power level of the next transmission according to the instruction of the power adjustment instruction and the current power detection value.
Specifically, step 301 may include:
step 301 a: acquiring a current power detection value from a feedback circuit, and acquiring output power corresponding to the power detection value according to a corresponding relation between the stored power detection value and the output power;
the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power is obtained during production calibration, and the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power can have two storage forms, wherein one storage form is to store the power detection value corresponding to each fixed output power; in general, the power detection value is linearly related to the output power, so a coefficient for determining the relationship between the output power and the power detection value may be stored.
For the first storage form, the method for acquiring the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power during production calibration comprises the following steps:
the power amplifiers of the terminal respectively send different output powers, power detection values corresponding to the output powers are measured from the detection circuit, and the obtained output powers and the corresponding power detection values are stored in the memory. With this storage, the output power to be detected is as much as possible in order to obtain the most accurate value possible, which increases the storage space occupied and increases the calibration time.
For the second storage form, the method for acquiring the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power during production calibration comprises the following steps:
given a reference output power D0And a reference output power P1The power amplifiers of the terminals respectively transmit the reference output power D0And a reference output power D for measuring a power detection value V corresponding to the transmission reference output power from the detection circuit0Power detection value V corresponding to the time when reference output power D is transmitted1Since the output power is linearly related to the power detection value, the following equation holds:
P1=D0+C(V1-V0)
according to the equation, the value of C can be calculated, and the corresponding output power P can be obtained for any power detection value Vout:
Pout=D0+C(V-V0)
Saving the parameter D in the memory0、V0And C. By adopting the storage form, for any power detection value, the corresponding output power can be calculated, the accuracy is high, the occupied storage space is small, and the calibration time is reduced.
Step 301 b: and correspondingly adjusting the power level of the last transmission according to the received power adjustment instruction and the relation between the output power and the preset maximum rated output power, and then taking the power level of the last transmission as the power level of the next transmission.
If the power adjustment command is DOWN, step 301b comprises:
and after the power level of the last transmission is adjusted downwards by one STEP STEP, the power level of the next transmission is taken as the power level of the next transmission. The STEP size STEP is issued to the terminal by the network side through signaling, and may be 3dB, 2dB or 1 dB.
If the power adjustment command is UP, step 301b comprises:
judging the output power PoutWhether the maximum rated output power P of the terminal is larger than or equal tomaxOffset by δ from its downward directionminThe difference is determined (P)out≥Pmax-δmin) If yes, the power level of the last transmission is taken as the power level of the next transmission, otherwise, the step A is carried out;
step A, judgment (P)outWhether + STEP) is greater than (P)max+δmax) Wherein δmaxB, the upward offset of the maximum rated output power is obtained, if so, the step B is continued, otherwise, the step C is carried out;
STEP B, judging whether the STEP is equal to 1dB, if so, taking the power level of the last emission as the power level of the next intersection emission, otherwise, subtracting 1dB from the current STEP size as the current effective power STEP size, namely, the STEP is equal to STEP-1 and returns to the STEP A;
and STEP C, after the power level of the last emission is adjusted up by a current STEP length STEP, the power level of the next emission is taken as the power level of the next emission.
Step 302: and acquiring a power control signal corresponding to the power grade according to the stored corresponding relation between the power grade and the power control signal, and sending the power control signal to the sender.
The corresponding relation between the power grade and the power control signal is determined during production calibration, and in the specific implementation process, the power control signal is an APC control word.
In the production calibration, the method for obtaining the corresponding relationship between the power level and the APC control word is shown in fig. 4A, and includes:
S401A: respectively transmitting power of all levels at a power amplifier, and measuring and storing an APC control word corresponding to each power level;
S402A: and judging the proportional relation between each group of power levels and the APC control word, performing linear fitting on the APC control word deviating from the linear relation, as shown in FIG. 4B, and recording the fitted data into the APC calibration table.
The calibration method solves the problem of non-linear characteristics between the power level and the APC control word, can obtain the corresponding APC control word according to linear fitting for larger input power, and can eliminate the influence of external factors such as temperature, voltage and the like on the corresponding relation between the power level and the APC control word.
Of course, if the requirements are not high, the corresponding relationship between the power level and the APC control word may not be linearly fitted.
In conjunction with the above description, it can be seen that the data stored in the memory at the time of production calibration is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 APC calibration chart for the examples of the present invention
Reference output power D0 |
xxxx |
Reference detection power V0 |
xxxx |
Detection of power coefficient C |
xxxx |
Power class (dBm) |
APC control word |
26 |
xxxx |
25 |
xxxx |
24 |
xxxx |
23 |
xxxx |
22 |
xxxx |
21 |
xxxx |
... |
... |
xxxx |
xxxx |
... |
... |
-50 |
xxxx |
After determining the next transmission power level, the baseband unit reads the corresponding APC control word from the memory and sends the APC control word to the transmitter.
Step 303: and the transmitter transmits a signal with corresponding power according to the APC control word.
Fig. 5 shows a flow of a method for measuring a transmission power of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to a terminal including a power amplifier, a transmitter, a memory, and a signal processor. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 501: and when the terminal normally works, acquiring the current power detection value measured by the signal processor.
Step 502: and determining the output power corresponding to the power detection value, namely the transmitting power of the current terminal according to the corresponding relation between the power detection value and the output power stored in the memory.
If the coefficient for determining the relationship between the power detection value and the output power is stored in the memory, the current transmission power value can be calculated based on the current power detection value.
If the power detection value corresponding to the specific output power is stored in the memory, the output power corresponding to the power detection value closest to the current power detection value, namely the transmission power value of the terminal can be obtained.
Although the TD-SCDMA terminal is taken as an example for illustration, it is not limited thereto, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other similar systems can be processed in the same way as the TD-SCDMA system terminal according to the above description.
The embodiment of the invention is a terminal power control method based on closed loop, which adopts a sampling circuit insensitive to environmental factors and a power detection circuit to sample and detect the power transmitted by a terminal, and then controls the transmitting power of the terminal according to the detected power value, thereby reducing the complexity of the circuit; during production calibration, when the power level is large enough to enable the power level and the APC control word not to meet the linear relation, a linear fitting method is adopted for fitting, and the nonlinear characteristic of the power amplifier is solved; the embodiment of the invention accurately controls the maximum transmitting power of the terminal, improves the accuracy of the maximum transmitting power and enables the index of the maximum transmitting power to be rich, thereby reducing the precision requirements of production calibration and test and improving the production efficiency; in addition, the power control algorithm provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple, easy to understand and easy to operate in practice.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.