CN101436774A - Protective system for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Protective system for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101436774A CN101436774A CNA2007101245222A CN200710124522A CN101436774A CN 101436774 A CN101436774 A CN 101436774A CN A2007101245222 A CNA2007101245222 A CN A2007101245222A CN 200710124522 A CN200710124522 A CN 200710124522A CN 101436774 A CN101436774 A CN 101436774A
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- lithium ion
- unit
- voltage
- ion battery
- value
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100100146 Candida albicans NTC1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036581 peripheral resistance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ternary Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a protective system for lithium ion cells. The system comprises a signal acquisition unit and a control unit, wherein the signal acquisition unit comprises a protective chip and a voltage detection unit, and the control unit comprises a singlechip and a switch unit. The voltage detection unit is connected with a lithium iron cell. The protective chip detects the voltage of the lithium ion cell through the voltage detection unit. The singlechip reads a voltage value detected by the protective chip through a communication interface of the protective chip and switches off and on a charging and discharging circuit through a control switch unit according to the set range of the voltage value. The system adopts a form of the protective chip and the singlechip to protect the lithium ion cell, enlarges a detection range through the protection chip, provides flexible protection parameter set through the singlechip, and is a protective system applicable to various lithium ion cells.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the battery technology field, relate in particular to protective system for lithium ion battery.
[background technology]
Lithium ion battery does not have memory effect, is desirable rechargeable battery therefore.The lithium ion battery group of high power capacity, high security has begun more and more various hand electric utensils that are applied to.Voltage that this application is had relatively high expectations and bigger electric current are so adopt the series connection of multisection lithium battery to use mostly.
But, when the series connection of multi-section lithium ion battery is used, because the performance index of every batteries can not be just the same, if there is the performance of a certain battery to be affected, the performance of whole Battery pack is just had a greatly reduced quality, even may cause the serious consequence of lithium battery burning, blast.For example,, just may cause lithium ion to take off embedding, thereby may make short circuit between electrodes and cause serious consequence from anodal transition in case there is certain batteries to be in the state of overcharging.
Therefore, to the application of the lithium ion battery of multi-section serial, should monitor each battery status, and it is effectively protected.In the prior art, a kind of structure of protective circuit of lithium ion battery generally comprises an additives for overcharge protection circuit and an over circuit; Described additives for overcharge protection circuit comprises a charging control switch that is connected in the described main circuit, with overcharge voltage test section that the voltage and the setting voltage of battery can be compared and export comparative result and the logic control portion of overcharging that controls described charging control switch on/off according to the output signal of described overcharge voltage test section; Described over circuit comprises a discharge control switch that is connected in the described main circuit; with overdischarge voltage detection department that the voltage and the setting voltage of battery can be compared and export comparative result and the overdischarge logic control portion that controls described discharge control switch on/off according to the output signal of described overdischarge voltage detection department.
Foregoing circuit generally realized by simple hardware circuit, and it can solve owing to have performance difference between each battery cell of battery pack, overcharges or overdischarge the problem that causes whole Battery pack to damage because of single battery easily.
Yet; current lithium battery development is maked rapid progress; the lithium battery of various materials occurs in succession; as lithium batteries such as cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, ternary, LiFePO4, polymer; the lithium battery chemical property of these materials also has bigger difference; so the protection parameter of claimed system also can be provided with flexibly, and along with the difference of application scenario, the protection parameter is also different.And the foregoing circuit detection range is less, and the scope that the is provided with underaction of its protection parameter, can not satisfy the requirement of the lithium ion battery group of multiple material.Thereby can not make security performance maximization, the chemical property maximization of lithium ion battery group.
[summary of the invention]
Goal of the invention of the present invention provides a kind of protective system for lithium ion battery, and this system is bigger to the detection range of lithium ion battery real-time status, and the protection parameter can be set flexibly.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
A kind of protective system for lithium ion battery, comprise signal gathering unit and control unit, described signal gathering unit comprises protection chip, voltage detection unit, control unit comprises single-chip microcomputer and switch element, described voltage detection unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the voltage of battery by voltage detection unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the magnitude of voltage of communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip, and the scope of setting according to magnitude of voltage is by controlling switch unit or connecting charging and discharging circuit.
Wherein, the detection magnitude of voltage that described single-chip microcomputer reads is greater than overcharging setting voltage value or being less than or equal to when putting setting voltage value, and charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit.
Wherein, described signal gathering unit also comprises current detecting unit, and described current detecting unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the electric current of major loop by current detecting unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the current value of communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip, and when this current value during more than or equal to current setting value, charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit; When duration that disconnects during greater than the delay adjustments value, control switch unit is connected charging and discharging circuit.
Wherein, described current setting value comprises overcurrent set point and short circuit current set point, and described delay adjustments value comprises overcurrent delay adjustments value and short circuit delay adjustments value.
Wherein, described signal gathering unit also comprises temperature detecting unit, described temperature detecting unit comprises at least one group of NTC and resistance, and described single-chip microcomputer reads the temperature value on the temperature detecting unit, and according to the temperature value of its detected battery pack by the charging and discharging circuit that controls switch unit.
Wherein, described electric weight display unit comprises 3 groups of temperature detecting point of being made up of NTC and resistance.
Wherein, system also comprises balanced control unit, be used for when the voltage difference of battery when setting pressure difference, battery is carried out equilibrium.
Wherein, this system also comprises the electric weight display unit, is used to show the dump energy of battery.
Wherein, described electric weight display unit comprises 5 LED.
Wherein, described switch element comprises 2 metal-oxide-semiconductors.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions; in system of the present invention; adopted the form of protection chip and single-chip microcomputer that lithium ion battery is protected; on the one hand; described protection chip internal is provided with a large amount of registers; a large amount of registers can store more detected value, has enlarged detection range, can satisfy the demand that multiple lithium ion battery is detected.On the other hand, the form realization control section with single-chip microcomputer can be provided with the protection parameter of various lithium ion batteries flexibly, and then control switch unit or conducting, provides complete protection to lithium ion battery.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of protective system for lithium ion battery of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the physical circuit figure of protective system for lithium ion battery of the present invention.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of protective system for lithium ion battery, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprise signal gathering unit and control unit, described signal gathering unit comprises protection chip, voltage detection unit, and control unit comprises single-chip microcomputer and switch element.
In signal gathering unit, described voltage detection unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the voltage of battery by voltage detection unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the magnitude of voltage of the communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip; and the scope of setting according to magnitude of voltage is by controlling switch unit or connecting charging and discharging circuit; promptly when this magnitude of voltage is outside the setting voltage value scope; charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit; when this magnitude of voltage was within the setting voltage value scope, control switch unit was connected charging and discharging circuit.
Wherein, above-mentioned setting voltage value comprises that overcharged voltage set point and overdischarge press set point, and the detection magnitude of voltage that described single-chip microcomputer reads is greater than overcharging setting voltage value or being less than or equal to when putting setting voltage value, and charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit.Be meant outside the setting voltage value scope when detecting magnitude of voltage, perhaps, be less than or equal to when putting setting voltage value, disconnect charging and discharging circuit when detecting magnitude of voltage greater than overcharging setting voltage value; And work as magnitude of voltage within the scope of safe voltage, promptly magnitude of voltage had both been put setting voltage value more than or equal to crossing, and when being less than or equal to the overcharged voltage value again, just connected charging and discharging circuit.
Can realize over-charge protective and cross the function of putting protection, its course of work and principle are:
Over-charge protective: the protection chip is by R11, C1 in the voltage detection unit; R12, C2.......R1n, Cn detect the voltage of each batteries respectively; single-chip microcomputer is implemented the voltage of fetch protection chip detection afterwards; when reaching the over-charge protective magnitude of voltage; single-chip microcomputer can make the charging control register of protection chip internal put 0; CHG pin output low level, charging control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 turn-offs, and stops charging.After this cell voltage can slowly descend, when its drop to overcharge the touch voltage value after, single-chip microcomputer can make the charging control register of protection chip internal put 1, CHG pin output high level, charging control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 conducting begins charging.
Cross and put protection: the protection chip is by voltage detecting network R11, C1; R12, C2.......R1n, Cn detect the voltage of each batteries respectively; single-chip microcomputer is implemented the voltage of fetch protection chip detection afterwards; put protection during magnitude of voltage when reaching; single-chip microcomputer can make the discharge control register of protection chip internal put 0; DCHG pin output low level, discharge control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12 turn-offs, and stops discharge.After this cell voltage can slowly rise, when its be raised to put the touch voltage value after, single-chip microcomputer can make the discharge control register of protection chip internal put 1, DCHG pin output high level, charging control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q11 conducting begins charging.
In system of the present invention; adopted the form of protection chip and single-chip microcomputer that lithium ion battery is protected; on the one hand; in the signals collecting part; described protection chip internal is provided with a large amount of registers; a large amount of registers can store more detected value, enlarges detection range, can satisfy the demand that multiple lithium ion battery is detected.On the other hand, at control section, the form realization control section with single-chip microcomputer can be provided with the protection parameter of various lithium ion batteries flexibly, and then control switch unit or conducting, and lithium ion battery is carried out very complete protection.In addition, the protection chip is provided with communication interface, so that the value of single-chip microcomputer reading and writing internal register.
For switch element, generally can comprise two metal-oxide-semiconductors, be connected in the major loop conducting and the disconnection of control major loop.
As a further improvement on the present invention, system of the present invention can also realize the function of overcurrent protection and short-circuit protection, in a preferred embodiment, described signal gathering unit also comprises current detecting unit, described current detecting unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the electric current of major loop by current detecting unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the current value of the communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip; when this current value during more than or equal to current setting value; the charging and discharging circuit that controls switch unit, when duration that disconnects during greater than the delay adjustments value, control switch unit is connected charging and discharging circuit.
Wherein, set current value and comprise overcurrent setting current value and short-circuit current value, the course of work and the principle of overcurrent protection and short-circuit protection are:
Overcurrent protection: the protection chip detects the electric current of major loop by current detecting unit; main circuit current is detecting pressure drop of generation on the resistance R sense; single-chip microcomputer is by reading the size that loop current is judged in this pressure drop; and single-chip microcomputer is judged the loop in charged state or in discharge condition by judging the positive and negative of this pressure drop, and positive is to charge for what discharge, bear.When loop current reached the overcurrent protection current value, single-chip microcomputer can make the control register of putting/charge of protection chip internal put 0, and DCHG/CHG pin output low level is put/charged control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12/Q11 and turn-offs, and stops to put/charge.The control metal-oxide-semiconductor is put/is charged in conducting once more after certain hour is delayed time in protection, recovers to discharge and recharge.This time-delay can realize by software.
Short-circuit protection: the principle of short-circuit protection and the principle of overcurrent protection are identical, just protect parameter (current setting value) that bigger, protection time-delay is set and are provided with shortly, specifically set according to the performance of load and various lithium ion batteries.
As a further improvement on the present invention; system of the present invention can also realize the function of temperature protection; in a preferred embodiment; described signal gathering unit also comprises temperature detecting unit; described temperature detecting unit comprises at least one group of NTC and resistance; described single-chip microcomputer reads the temperature value on the temperature detecting unit, and according to the temperature value of its detected battery pack by the charging and discharging circuit that controls switch unit.
The course of work and the principle of temperature protection are: the resistance in the temperature detecting unit, NTC constitute potential-divider network; the resistance of NTC can reduce when temperature raises; pressure drop on the NTC also can reduce so; single-chip microcomputer is by reading the temperature that battery pack is just known in pressure drop on the NTC so; when the temperature of battery pack reaches the temperature protection value; single-chip microcomputer can make the control register of putting/charge of protection chip internal put 0; DCHG/CHG pin output low level; put/charge control metal-oxide-semiconductor Q12/Q11 and turn-off, stop to put/charge.When the temperature of battery pack dropped to temperature protection releasing value, just the control metal-oxide-semiconductor was put/is charged in conducting once more, recovers to discharge and recharge.
In the multi-section serial battery group, a temperature spot can not be represented the voltage of whole battery group, and therefore in a preferred embodiment, the present invention adopts three temperature detecting point, as shown in Figure 2, Rn1, Rn2, Rn3, NTC1, NTC2, NTC3 constitute three tunnel temperature detecting point respectively.Certainly, also more temperature detecting point can be set, such as 5,7 temperature detecting point, temperature detecting point is many more, and the precision of temperature detection is high more, but the chip interface that needs is also just many more.
As a further improvement on the present invention, system of the present invention also has the function of balancing energy, and in a preferred embodiment, system also comprises balanced control unit, be used for when the voltage difference of battery when setting pressure difference, battery is carried out equilibrium.Wherein, balanced control unit generally can comprise a shunt resistance and a MOS control valve.
The course of work and the principle of balanced control are, when the pressure reduction between battery acquires a certain degree, single-chip microcomputer carries out equilibrium by balanced control register to the high battery of voltage, when will be to n battery balanced, single-chip microcomputer makes CBn output high level by balanced control register, the Qn conducting, BATn shunts to battery, flow into next battery from the positive pole of battery BATn through Rn, Qn as the figure current i, so just realized battery BATn is shunted, its voltage climbing speed is reduced, make to reach balance between the battery pack as much as possible.Because in charging process, loop current is less, carry out when therefore balanced control procedure generally is charging.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the function that all right electric weight of system of the present invention shows, in a preferred embodiment, system also comprises the electric weight display unit, is used to show the dump energy of battery.The electric weight display unit reflects the electric weight of battery pack according to the total voltage of protection chip detected battery pack, comes by poising different electrical voltage points that capacity is corresponding with it, again by Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving IO mouth, shows with the form of LED.The electric weight display unit generally can comprise 5 LED pipes.
The power subsystem of system of the present invention comprises two three terminal regulators and peripheral resistance thereof, electric capacity, if its function group provides suitable voltage for protection chip and single-chip microcomputer, makes it can operate as normal.
The above embodiment has only expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of protective system for lithium ion battery comprises signal gathering unit and control unit, it is characterized in that:
Described signal gathering unit comprises protection chip, voltage detection unit, and control unit comprises single-chip microcomputer and switch element, and described voltage detection unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the voltage of battery by voltage detection unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the magnitude of voltage of communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip, and the scope of setting according to magnitude of voltage is by controlling switch unit or connecting charging and discharging circuit.
2, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The detection magnitude of voltage that described single-chip microcomputer reads is greater than overcharging setting voltage value or being less than or equal to when putting setting voltage value, and charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit.
3, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal gathering unit also comprises current detecting unit, and described current detecting unit links to each other with lithium ion battery, and the protection chip detects the electric current of major loop by current detecting unit; Described single-chip microcomputer is by the current value of communication interface fetch protection chip detection of protection chip, and when this current value during more than or equal to current setting value, charging and discharging circuit controls switch unit; When duration that disconnects during greater than the delay adjustments value, control switch unit is connected charging and discharging circuit.
4, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described current setting value comprises overcurrent set point and short circuit current set point, and described delay adjustments value comprises overcurrent delay adjustments value and short circuit delay adjustments value.
5, according to claim 1 or 3 described protective system for lithium ion battery; it is characterized in that; described signal gathering unit also comprises temperature detecting unit; described temperature detecting unit comprises at least one group of NTC and resistance; described single-chip microcomputer reads the temperature value on the temperature detecting unit, and according to the temperature value of its detected battery pack by the charging and discharging circuit that controls switch unit.
6, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described electric weight display unit comprises 3 groups of temperature detecting point of being made up of NTC and resistance.
7, according to claim 1 or 3 described protective system for lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that system also comprises balanced control unit, be used for when the voltage difference of battery when setting pressure difference, battery is carried out equilibrium.
8, according to claim 1 or 3 described protective system for lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that this system also comprises the electric weight display unit, be used to show the dump energy of battery.
9, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described electric weight display unit comprises 5 LED.
10, protective system for lithium ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described switch element comprises 2 metal-oxide-semiconductors.
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CNA2007101245222A CN101436774A (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2007-11-12 | Protective system for lithium ion battery |
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CNA2007101245222A CN101436774A (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2007-11-12 | Protective system for lithium ion battery |
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CN102104245A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-22 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for protecting power battery |
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