CN101381786B

CN101381786B - Top burning hot blast stove using annular airflow spray upward with premixing combustion and reflux heating

Info

Publication number: CN101381786B
Application number: CN200810230587XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘世聚; 陈维汉; 刘力铭; 范剑超
Original assignee: ZHENGZHOU YUXING REFRACTORY MATERIAL CO Ltd
Current assignee: Henan Yuxing Hot Blast Stove Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2008-10-27
Filing date: 2008-10-27
Publication date: 2011-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2028-10-27
Also published as: WO2010048795A1; CN101381786A

Abstract

The invention relates to a top-firing hot blast furnace which adopts upper spraying, premixing, firing, reflux and heating by annular airflow and effectively solves the problems of the rationality and stability of the fluid flow in the hot blast furnace and the sufficiency and uniformity of the mixing of different fluids. The top-firing hot blast furnace has the following structure: a vault is positioned on a burner of the upper part of a furnace body; the lower part of a furnace grate under the furnace body is provided with a cold wind chamber; a flue gas outlet pipe and a cold wind inlet pipe are arranged on the sidewall of the cold wind chamber; a combustion chamber is formed between a straight cylinder part on the upper part of the burner and the vault; a hot blast outlet pipe is arranged on the straight cylinder part; the lower part of the burner is provided with a heat storage chamber; the outer wall of the burner is positioned on an outer supporting annular plate of the upper part of the furnace body; the inside of the burner is separated into a coal gas distribution circuit and an air distribution circuit by a partition wall of an oblique circuit; the outer ends of the coal gas distribution circuit and the air distribution circuit are provided with a coal gas inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe respectively; a conduit is formed between the upper parts of the outer wall and the inner wall of the burner; the coal gas distribution circuit and the air distribution circuit are connected with an annular airflow premixing conduit through the respective nozzle tube distributed on the peripheral wall of the burner; and a flow equalizing and obstructing baffle plate is formed between the upper part of the conduit and the combustion chamber. The top-firing hot blast furnace has good economical and social benefits.

Description

Adopt the top combustion stove of spray premixed combustion reflux on the annular steam

One, technical field

The present invention relates to the fuel combustion of Thermal Power Engineering Field and a kind of top combustion stove that adopts spray premixed combustion reflux on the annular steam of flowing heat transfer.

Two, background technology

Hotblast stove is an indispensable important auxiliary facility in the blast furnace ironmaking, it is the combination of combustion unit (constituting) and heat transfer-regenerative apparatus (constituting) by regenerator and interior checker brick thereof by burner and combustion chamber, can be divided into internal combustion type (the parallel placement of stream oriented device and in a cylinder unit), external combustion type (the parallel placement of stream oriented device and divide separately be placed in the cylinder unit) and three kinds of big structure formations of top ignition (stream oriented device is placed up and down, and combustion unit in the above) according to the difference of the relative position of two devices.Only with regard to top combustion stove, its combustion unit normally is made of the vault combustion chamber of ceramic burner and cooperation with it, and different structure formation can be told a variety of models and title again with different collocation.Make a general survey of existing Combustion of Hot Air Furnace device; problem of various degrees all in structure and combination; usually can occur in the hotblast stove coal gas and air mixed not good (burner problem) and (or) air-flow skewness (combinatorial problem between burner and vault), thereby cause incomplete combustion or problems such as combustion instability, load adjustment ability difference.If also there is problem on the structure in combustion unit with cooperating of heat transfer-regenerative apparatus body, will cause hotblast stove heat-transfer effect difference and the low phenomenon of heat storage utilization ratio.Such hotblast stove obviously can not satisfy blast furnace to the air quantity of hot blast and the requirement of wind-warm syndrome, let alone efficient, the energy-conservation and environmental protection of hotblast stove, does not also accomplish the operation with security and stability under the high hot blast temperature.Therefore, improve the combustion unit structure and and heat transfer-regenerative apparatus between layout just become the effective way of raising hotblast stove performance.

Three, summary of the invention

Based on above-mentioned situation, for overcoming the deficiency of prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of top combustion stove that adopts spray premixed combustion reflux on the annular steam, effectively solve the reasonableness and stability of hotblast stove fluid flow, different fluid blended adequacy and homogeneity, thereby improve intensity of combustion and flame stabilization, and the air-flow after the burning can be accomplished speed and uniform distribution of temperature, problem with enhance heat transfer effect and raising heat storage utilization ratio, the technical scheme of its solution is, include vault, the combustion chamber, body of heater and burner, vault places burner top, burner places upper of furnace body, fire grate is arranged at the body of heater bottom, the fire grate bottom is a cold air chamber, smoke outlet tube and cold wind inlet pipe are arranged on cold air chamber's sidewall, constitute the combustion chamber between said burner top straight drum part and vault, the hot-blast outlet pipe that communicates with the combustion chamber is arranged on the straight drum part, burner is made up of exterior wall and interior wall, regenerator is arranged at the bottom, constitute in the coaxial insertion burner of upper of furnace body of regenerator, dock with the burner interior wall, the burner exterior wall places upper of furnace body to support on the ring flat-plate outward, by the labyrinth seal connection regenerator in the body of heater and burner are constituted stable molectron, the rectangle circuit that ramped shaped is arranged in the burner, the rectangle circuit distributes circuit and air to distribute circuit by inclination circuit partition wall symmetry every being set to the coal gas that progressively shrinks to inner outlet, coal gas distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that the gas entry pipe is arranged, air distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that the air inlet tube is arranged, looping air-flow premix conduit between burner interior wall and exterior wall top, air distributes circuit to be connected with annular steam premix conduit through the air nozzle pipe, coal gas distributes circuit to be connected with annular steam premix conduit through the gasburner pipe, the gasburner mouth of pipe and the air nozzle mouth of pipe are evenly distributed on the burner perisporium to the staggered annular in combustion chamber, the recoil burning structure is formed with being equipped with current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate between the combustion chamber in annular steam premix conduit top, and the body of heater that constitutes regenerator is formed three sections uniform cross sections by the heat transfer accumulation of heat checker brick of outer body of wall and interior three kinds of specifications thereof and is coaxial docking and forms.Structure uniqueness of the present invention, result of use is good, coal gas and air enter separately distribution of air flow circuit from its inlet respectively, afterwards via separately blast tube enter annular pre-mixing groove, enter the combustion chamber through current-sharing-choked flow link stopper and fire burns after this does preliminary mixing, burning back flue gas is turned back through stopping of combustion chamber vault and is entered regenerator downwards; Can form a backflow vortex between the mixed airflow that in this process, rises and the flue gas flow of decline, downdraft under its effect can to around separately form and be similar to that the mobile velocity distribution enters heat accumulating type in the pipe, also can make the rising mixed airflow obtain heating and catching fire in advance; In addition, distribute passages shrink can make the blast tube exit velocity be tending towards even, add the effect of current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate, make and enter the even more and good mixing of combustion chamber air-flow, making hotblast stove form high-intensity combustion and the two effects uniformly of even velocity temperature, also is the recoil core and the unique distinction of premix preheated burning technology of the present invention.

The two high temperature gas flows uniformly of speed temperature enter regenerator, must be consistent with the direction of the checkerwork cell of checker brick combination, and the checker brick uniform cross section is coaxial docking, and to keep the velocity distribution state constant, reaches the purpose that improves heat transfer efficiency and heat storage utilization ratio; Three kinds of configurations of heat transfer-accumulation of heat checker brick are for the heat storage capacity that improves the high-temperature zone and the heat-transfer capability of cold zone, make the bulk temperature level of checker brick obtain raising to a certain degree; The checker brick of two sections are provided with the horizontal channel and its objective is the degree of uniformity that strengthens the air-flow distribution, accomplish not only burning the heating phase, still can both bring into play the effect of uniform air flow at the air-supply cooling stages.

In a word, the present invention is with simple and rational structure, solve jet-stream wind effectively and mix key issues not good, hotblast stoves such as burning is insufficient, combustion gas flowing speed temperature distributing disproportionation, heat transfer-accumulation of heat weak effect, structural instability, guaranteed effectively that hotblast stove is efficient, high temperature, operation safely and steadly, and then produce fuel saving, save investment, reduce the good economic and social benefit of spent air temperture and quantity discharged, minimizing environmental pollution.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the whole sectional view of hotblast stove of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a hot-blast stove gas burner fragmentary cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is epimere 11a of the present invention, stage casing 11b, three sections used three kinds of specification checker brick a, b, c structural front view of hypomere 11c.

Five, embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail.

By Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, the present invention includes vault, the combustion chamber, body of heater and burner, vault places burner top, burner places upper of furnace body, fire grate 20 is arranged at the body of heater bottom, the fire grate bottom is a cold air chamber 19, smoke outlet tube 21 and cold wind inlet pipe 18 are arranged on cold air chamber's sidewall, 2 on said burner 4 top straight drum part 3 and vault constitute combustion chamber 1, the hot-blast outlet pipe 16 that communicates with the combustion chamber is arranged on the straight drum part, burner is made up of exterior wall and interior wall, regenerator 9 is arranged at the bottom, constitute in the coaxial insertion burner 4 of upper of furnace body of regenerator, dock with the burner interior wall, the upper of furnace body that places the burner exterior wall supports on the ring flat-plate 13 outward, by labyrinth seal connection 12 regenerator in the body of heater 9 and burner 4 are constituted stable molectron, the rectangle circuit that ramped shaped is arranged in the burner, the rectangle circuit distributes circuit 5a and air to distribute circuit 5b by inclination circuit partition wall 5c symmetry every being set to the coal gas that progressively shrinks to inner outlet, coal gas distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that gas entry pipe 14 is arranged, air distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that air inlet tube 15 is arranged, looping air-flow premix conduit 7 between burner interior wall and exterior wall top, air distributes circuit 5b to be connected with annular steam premix conduit 7 through air nozzle pipe 6b, coal gas distributes circuit 5a to be connected with annular steam premix conduit 7 through gasburner pipe 6a, the gasburner mouth of pipe and the air nozzle mouth of pipe are evenly distributed on the burner perisporium to the staggered annular in combustion chamber, the recoil burning structures are formed with being equipped with current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate 8 between the combustion chamber in annular steam premix conduit 7 tops, and the body of heater that constitutes regenerator 9 is formed 11a by the heat transfer accumulation of heat checker brick of outer body of wall 17 and interior three kinds of specifications thereof, 11b, three sections uniform cross sections of 11c are coaxial docking and form.

Combustion chamber 1 is built refractory brick by the inversion catenary by laying bricks or stones and is constituted vault 2 in the housing that the rotation of hotblast stove axis forms, the straight drum part 3 with lower burner 4 constitutes again.

Burner 4 is columnar structured, bottom in vault combustion chamber 1, build the distribution circuit of square-section in it by laying bricks or stones, distribute circuit to be separated into the circuit upper chamber and the circuit lower chambers of progressively shrinking by inclination circuit partition wall 5c symmetry, circuit upper chamber is that coal gas distributes circuit 5a, draw along circumferential equally distributed gasburner pipe 6a on its top, upwards arrives at the ejiction opening of annular steam premix conduit 7 bottoms after this pipe is drawn; The circuit lower chambers is that air distributes circuit 5b, and draw along circumferential equally distributed air nozzle pipe 6b its underpart, upwards arrives at the ejiction opening of annular steam premix conduit 7 bottoms after this pipe is drawn; The ejiction opening of coal gas and air is the staggered ring-type that is arranged in; Annular steam premix conduit 7 is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials and is formed, and its bottom and blast tube communicate, and the current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate 8 of trilobal(cross)section is then laid on top directly over nozzle exit; Annular steam premix conduit outside diameter is less than the interior diameter of combustion chamber straight drum part 3, and gaseous blast enters in the vault combustion chamber 1 on the annular of the coal gas of burner, the ejection of air nozzle pipe; Coal gas and air distribution circuit 5a and 5b separately, the place inserts gas entry pipe 14 and gas inlet pipe 15 respectively in maximum cross-section separately.

By vault 2, combustion chamber 1 with place burner 4 below the vault to form the combustion unit of hotblast stove together, be supported on the external support ring flat-plate 13 of hotblast stove steel construction shell, and with following regenerator 9 between have labyrinth seal to be connected 12, set up stable furnace binding.

Regenerator 9 is formed three sections of 11a, 11b, 11c by the checker brick of three kinds of specifications of outer body of wall 17 of the round shape of body of heater and the intravital heat transfer-accumulation of heat of placement exterior wall, outer body of wall bottom has supports fire grate 20 and the cold air chamber 19 that its pillar constitutes, and smoke outlet tube 21 and cold wind inlet pipe 18 are installed on its body of wall; Regenerator 9 coaxial insertion burners 4 dock mutually, between connect 12 by labyrinth seal and connect, this also is that the unique place of whole hotblast stove is tightly connected.Instrument patchhole 10 is arranged at vault 2 tops, is convenient to observe understand the burning room temp, and manhole 11 is arranged on the outer wall of combustion chamber, is beneficial to maintenance.

The heat transfer of said three kinds of specifications-accumulation of heat checker brick are formed three sections different regenerator body of heater interior walls, the structure of three kinds of checker brick interior walls has nothing in common with each other, stage casing 11b is made up of through hole about the seven apertures in the human head checker brick in 30mm aperture, epimere 11a is constant by pitch of holes, the upper and lower through hole of the little checker brick of bore dia gradual change is formed, the laterally even runner on every brick between porose; Hypomere 11c forms (or lattice brick aperture is identical with the stage casing but have teeth groove to make the equivalent bore dia increase with the expansion heating surface in the hole) by the constant wide aperture checker brick of pitch of holes, and evenly runner (perhaps not being with) is arranged on the every brick laterally.Its purpose of such combination is to improve the heat transfer efficiency and the whole utilization ratio of heat storage, and the reasonableness of heat storage capacity distribution, and concrete parameter is needed to determine by design.Fig. 3 a, b, c have provided the three kinds of checker brick structures in upper, middle and lower, by three kinds of regular hexagon prisms that checker brick all are porous (X holes) shown in Fig. 3 a, b, the c, three kinds of checker brick above and below are identical, the through hole positioned coaxially of fragment of brick is staggered between levels and the layer, effectively accomplish the stable of interlayer and be easy to adjust the smooth of brick layer, and guaranteed the through-hole rate that checker brick are stacked.

Analyze from theory of structures, the static strength of agent structure of the present invention and dynamic stress are all very good, it is strong and guarantee that masonry only bears pressure and do not bear shear-stress that the combustion chamber is hung line vault supporting capacity by the feet, and vault can make the reinforcement of vault stability of foundation with whole connection of burner exterior wall; Be placed on the outside of regenerator interior wall again because of burner, the bulk temperature level is lower and make that the thermal stresses situation of burner is better, and combustion chamber and burner combination that this also makes are more stable; Based on the regenerator strained condition different with the combustion chamber, adopt the labyrinth type mode of connection of slippage mutually between them, so not only having guaranteed does not have stress each other but also can accomplish integrally-built enough sealings.

In a word, the present invention has adopted advanced combustion technology and heat transfer technology to whole hotblast stove, on the basis of guaranteed performance structure has been done rational simplification, and structural stability is improved; Especially the homogeneity that air-flow mixes and improved air-flow has been accelerated in the installation of current-sharing on the premix circuit-choked flow baffle plate; The checker brick that segmentation is provided with different structure have rationally improved heat transfer-accumulation of heat effect especially.Therefore, the present invention has the unique distinction that obviously is different from existing ceramic burner hotblast stove, is the outstanding innovation on hotblast stove structure and the performance, can not be underestimated at its economic and social benefit aspect efficient, high temperature, the energy-saving and environmental protection.

Claims

1. one kind is adopted the top combustion stove that sprays the premixed combustion reflux on the annular steam, include vault, the combustion chamber, body of heater and burner, vault places burner top, burner places upper of furnace body, fire grate (20) is arranged at the body of heater bottom, the fire grate bottom is cold air chamber (19), smoke outlet tube (21) and cold wind inlet pipe (18) are arranged on cold air chamber's sidewall, constitute combustion chamber (1) between said burner (4) top straight drum part (3) and vault (2), the hot-blast outlet pipe (16) that communicates with the combustion chamber is arranged on the straight drum part, burner is made up of exterior wall and interior wall, regenerator (9) is arranged at the bottom, constitute in the coaxial insertion burner of upper of furnace body (4) of regenerator, dock with the burner interior wall, the upper of furnace body that places the burner exterior wall supports outward on the ring flat-plate (13), connect (12) by labyrinth seal regenerator in the body of heater (9) and burner (4) are constituted stable molectron, the rectangle circuit that ramped shaped is arranged in the burner, it is characterized in that, the rectangle circuit distributes circuit (5a) and air to distribute circuit (5b) by inclination circuit partition wall (5c) symmetry every being set to the coal gas that progressively shrinks to inner outlet, coal gas distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that gas entry pipe (14) is arranged, air distributes outer end, circuit maximum cross-section that air inlet tube (15) is arranged, looping air-flow premix conduit (7) between burner interior wall and exterior wall top, air distributes circuit (5b) to be connected with annular steam premix conduit (7) through air nozzle pipe (6b), coal gas distributes circuit (5a) to be connected with annular steam premix conduit (7) through gasburner pipe (6a), the gasburner mouth of pipe and the air nozzle mouth of pipe are evenly distributed on the burner perisporium to the staggered annular in combustion chamber, the recoil burning structure is formed with being equipped with current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate (8) between the combustion chamber in annular steam premix conduit (7) top, the body of heater that constitutes regenerator (9) is formed (11a by the heat transfer accumulation of heat checker brick of outer body of wall (17) and interior three kinds of specifications thereof, 11b, 11c) three sections uniform cross sections are coaxial docking and form, said burner (4) is columnar structured, bottom in vault combustion chamber (1), build the distribution circuit of square-section in it by laying bricks or stones, distribute circuit to be separated into the circuit upper chamber and the circuit lower chambers of progressively shrinking by inclination circuit partition wall (5c) symmetry, circuit upper chamber is that coal gas distributes circuit (5a), draw along circumferential equally distributed gasburner pipe (6a) on its top, upwards arrives at the ejiction opening of annular steam premix conduit (7) bottom after this pipe is drawn; The circuit lower chambers is that air distributes circuit (5b), and draw along circumferential equally distributed air nozzle pipe (6b) its underpart, upwards arrives at the ejiction opening of annular steam premix conduit (7) bottom after this pipe is drawn; The ejiction opening of coal gas and air is the staggered ring-type that is arranged in, said annular steam premix conduit (7) is built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials and is formed, its bottom and blast tube communicate, and the current-sharing-choked flow baffle plate (8) of trilobal(cross)section is then laid on top directly over nozzle exit; Annular steam premix conduit outside diameter is less than the interior diameter of combustion chamber straight drum part (3), and gaseous blast enters in the vault combustion chamber (1) on the annular of the coal gas of burner, the ejection of air nozzle pipe.

2. the top combustion stove of spray premixed combustion reflux on the employing annular steam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said combustion chamber (1) is built refractory brick by the inversion catenary by laying bricks or stones and is constituted vault (2) in the housing that the rotation of hotblast stove axis forms, the straight drum part (3) with the one section burner in bottom (4) constitutes again.

3. the top combustion stove of spray premixed combustion reflux on the employing annular steam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said by vault (2), combustion chamber (1) with place burner (4) below the vault to form the combustion unit of hotblast stove together, be supported on the external support ring flat-plate (13) of hotblast stove steel construction shell, and with regenerator (9) between have labyrinth seal to be connected (12).

4. the top combustion stove of spray premixed combustion reflux on the employing annular steam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said regenerator (9) is formed (11a, 11b, 11c) three sections by the checker brick of three kinds of specifications of outer body of wall (17) of the round shape of body of heater and the intravital heat transfer-accumulation of heat of placement exterior wall, support fire grate (20) and the cold air chamber (19) that its pillar constitutes are arranged at outer body of wall bottom, and smoke outlet tube (21) and cold wind inlet pipe (18) are installed on its body of wall; The coaxial insertion burner of regenerator (9) (4) is butt joint mutually, between connect (12) by labyrinth seal and connect.

5. the top combustion stove of spray premixed combustion reflux on the employing annular steam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the heat transfer of said three kinds of specifications-accumulation of heat checker brick are formed three sections different regenerator body of heater interior walls, the structure of three kinds of checker brick interior walls has nothing in common with each other, stage casing (11b) is made up of through hole about the seven apertures in the human head checker brick in 30mm aperture, (11a) is constant by pitch of holes for epimere, the upper and lower through hole of the little checker brick of bore dia gradual change is formed, the laterally even runner on every brick between porose; Hypomere (11c) is made up of the constant wide aperture checker brick of pitch of holes, laterally even runner is arranged on the every brick, three kinds of checker brick all are porous regular hexagon prisms, and three kinds of checker brick above and below are identical, and the through hole positioned coaxially of fragment of brick is staggered between levels and the layer.