CN101370480A - 含有由聚合物和在水中溶解较差的活性成分组成的混合物的药物组合物 - Google Patents
含有由聚合物和在水中溶解较差的活性成分组成的混合物的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101370480A CN101370480A CNA2007800030537A CN200780003053A CN101370480A CN 101370480 A CN101370480 A CN 101370480A CN A2007800030537 A CNA2007800030537 A CN A2007800030537A CN 200780003053 A CN200780003053 A CN 200780003053A CN 101370480 A CN101370480 A CN 101370480A
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有由至少一种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、至少一种不溶于水的聚合物和至少一种在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的活性成分所形成的混合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物和所述活性成分以至多3.5∶1重量份的比例存在,并且该药物组合物具有以下性质,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH 1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH 1.2下2小时后相应于活性成分单独在pH 1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍。
Description
本发明涉及含有由聚合物和在水中溶解较差的活性成分组成的混合物的多种药物组合物。
现有技术
EP 0 058 765 B1描述了胃液溶解的、可溶胀的包衣物料和其在包衣药物剂型的方法中的应用。尤其涉及到部分或完全地由烷基上带有叔氨基的丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯组成的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。
US 6,391,338描述了基本上不溶于水的活性成分,例如布洛芬、伊曲康唑(Itraconazol)和硝苯地平通过闪流(Flash Flow)或挤出活性成分和E类型的聚合物而改善溶解度或提高生物利用性。在加工过程中,所述活性成分可以转为能量较高的状态(固体分散),接下来以纳米颗粒形式以溶解状态释放出来。
US 6,319,520描述了用于控制活性成分释放的药物组合物,由至少一种活性成分和一种或多种选自聚甲基丙烯酸酯类的不依赖pH的聚合物的可热成型混合物组成。所述药物组合物的制备可以通过注塑、共注塑、挤出或共挤出进行。优选的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物是 RL和RS,它们任选还可以与E或L100、L100-55和/或S100一起使用。在实施例中,特别地,活性成分苯氟雷司-盐酸化物、Rilmetidin-二氢、芬司匹利-盐酸化物与 RL、RS及其混合物通过挤出或注塑来加工。
WO 01/39751 A1描述了一种通过注塑制备成型体的方法。该方法步骤包括
a)熔化(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,该共聚物由30至80重量%自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和70至20重量%在烷基上带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体所组成,其中所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物存在于含有1至70重量%比例为1∶1至1∶20的软化剂和干燥调节剂的混合物中,其中含有至少1重量%软化剂,以及含有0.05至5重量%分离剂,在该混合物中额外还可以含有其它常见的添加剂或助剂,和任选含有药物活性成分,并且该混合物在熔化前,在120℃下的蒸气压为至少1.9巴的低沸点组分含量超过0.5重量%,
b)该混合物在热塑性状态在温度为至少120℃下进行脱气,从而使在120℃下的蒸气压为至少1.9巴的低沸点组分含量下降到至多0.5重量%,和
c)将所述熔化并脱气的混合物喷射到注塑工具的模空腔中,其中,该模空腔具有低于(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的玻璃化转变温度至少10℃的温度,冷却该熔体混合物,并将所得到的成型体从该模中取出。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,其优选可以是 E,可以与其它聚合物一起存在,以调控混合物中的活性成分释放量。其它聚合物的份额应该不大于20重量%,优选至多10重量%,尤其是0-5重量%。作为用于混合物的其它聚合物,还提到 NE 30 D、 RS和 RL。该方法可以用到任何活性成分上,尤其还提到雷尼替丁。
WO 01/43935 A2描述了一种通过注塑制备成型体的方法,具有以下方法步骤
A)熔化混合物,该混合物由以下组成
a)(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,该共聚物由40至100重量%自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和0至60重量%在烷基上带有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体所组成,其含有
b)0.1至3重量%分离剂,和在该混合物中任选可以含有
c)0至50重量%干燥调节剂
d)0至30重量%软化剂
e)0至100重量%添加剂或助剂
f)0至100重量%药物活性成分
g)0至20重量%另一种聚合物或共聚物,其中成分b)至g)的加入量基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物a)计,并且该混合物在熔化前,在120℃下的蒸气压为至少1.9巴的低沸点组分含量超过0.5重量%,
B)该混合物在热塑性状态在温度为至少120℃下进行脱气,从而使在120℃下的蒸气压为至少1.9巴的低沸点组分含量下降到至多0.5重量%,
C)将所述熔化并脱气的混合物喷射到注塑工具的模空腔中,其中,该模空腔具有低于(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的玻璃化转变温度至少10℃的温度,冷却该熔体混合物,并将所得到的成型体从该模中取出。
该混合物可以含有0至20重量%另一种聚合物或共聚物g)。为了调控活性成分释放量,个别情况下混入其它聚合物会是有利的。不过,其它聚合物占混合物的份额不大于20重量%,优选至多10重量%,尤其是0-5重量%,基于(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物计。
这样的其它聚合物的实例是:聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基醇、由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和/或丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基乙酯 E100)形成的阳离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、羧甲基纤维素盐、羟基丙基纤维素(HPMC)、由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸乙酯 NE 30 D的干燥物质)形成的中性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯 B)形成的共聚物或者带有季铵基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物且其含有甲基丙烯酸乙酯氯化三甲基铵作为单体 RL或 RS)。
WO 2004/019918描述了一种制备颗粒或粉末的方法,所述颗粒或粉末适合作为包衣剂和粘合剂用于口服或皮肤用药物剂型,用于化妆品或食物补充剂,主要由以下组成:(a)由自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-酯和具有叔氨基官能团的其它(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体形成的共聚物,(b)基于(a)计,3至25重量%的HLB值至少为14的乳化剂,(c)基于(a)计,5至50重量%的C12-至C18-一元羧酸或C12-至C18-羟基化合物,其中,成分(a)、(b)和(c)任选在加入药物活性成分和/或其它常见的添加物情况下同时或相互依次地掺杂或混合,在可加热的混合器中熔化,混合,冷却熔体,并粉碎成颗粒或粉末。根据该方法得到的颗粒和粉末尤其适合于配制水分敏感的药物活性成分,例如乙酰基水杨酸、生胃酮、先锋霉素钠、肾上腺素、丙咪嗪、碘化钾、酮洛芬、左旋多巴、硝基安定、硝普盐、Oxitetracyclin-HCl、异丙嗪、奥美拉唑或其它苯并咪唑衍生物、雷尼替丁或链霉素。
发明目的和解决方案
US 6,391,338描述了基本上不溶于水的活性成分,例如布洛芬、伊曲康唑(Itraconazol)和硝苯地平通过闪流或挤出活性成分和 E类型的聚合物而改善溶解度或提高生物利用性。在加工过程中,所述活性成分可以转为能量较高的状态(固体分散),接下来以纳米颗粒形式以溶解状态释放出来。在加工过程中,所述活性成分可以转为能量较高的状态(固体分散),接下来以纳米颗粒形式以溶解状态释放出来。这涉及经济上值得关注的物料(Ansatz),它们在很多情况下导致良好的结果。
根据US 6,391,338配制的药物组合物通常具有以下性质,在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的所含有的活性成分在E基体溶解后,在酸性pH下以溶解形式以相应于活性成分在去离子水中起初时至少两倍溶解度值的浓度释放。
不过,本发明人已经证实,该效果仅保持较短时间。在可测量的溶解的活性成分的浓度初期升高后,该浓度又下降到活性成分在去离子水中两倍溶解度值的界限以下。溶解的活性成分的测量可以根据活性成分类型或活性成分种类的不同,例如通过色谱法或光谱法,例如UV测量或HPLC,或者用其它方法进行。本发明人推测,活性成分暂时较高的能量状态在 E基体溶解后快速又回复原状,并且所述活性成分转化为溶解较差或不溶解的形式,而这种形式也不再是可生物利用的或者最好情况下可有限地生物利用,甚至可能结晶、团聚和/或沉淀。因此当转移到十二指肠时,只能有限制地利用该份额的活性成分。危险在于,达不到最初追求的血液水平值。
对于在水中溶解较差的活性成分,该活性成分在胃中或者在经过胃之后应直接释放并被吸收,此时必须达到治疗作用所需的一定血液水平,从而带来的问题是,经常不能达到该水平,因为活性成分太快地又重结晶或沉淀下来,从而又丧失了其最初较高的生物利用性。
WO 01/39751 A1描述了一种通过注塑制备成型体的方法。尤其是应这样实现该目的,即在可于注塑中加工的模具中提供带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,从而得到药物品质的相应模制品。还提到,除了单独的带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物外,还可以加工与 NE、 RS或RL的混合物。不包含这些混合物单独的或者与活性成分组合的实施例。技术人员从WO 01/39751 A1中得不到解决上述问题的启示,以使在水中溶解较差的活性成分较长时间保持溶解度改善。
WO 01/43935 A2描述了一种通过注塑制备成型体的方法。尤其是应这样实现该目的,即在可于注塑中加工的模具中提供带有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,从而得到药物品质的相应模制品。还提到,除了单独的带有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物外,还可以加工与 NE、 RS或RL的混合物。不包含这些混合物单独的或者与活性成分组合的实施例。技术人员从WO 01/43935A2中得不到解决上述问题的启示,以使在水中溶解较差的活性成分较长时间保持溶解度改善。
因此,从现有技术出发,应提供用于水中溶解较差的活性成分的药物制剂,从而在类似胃液的环境,pH1.2中,实现活性成分的溶解度以及与之相关的生物利用性的升高,并且完全或至少部分地保持稳定达至少120分钟时间。在此情况下,类似胃液的测试环境是较高要求,因此可以认为,当在体外在pH1.2下在120分钟后可以达到稳定时的较高溶解度状态,即使在体内在经过主要存在更高pH值的肠段后,也基本上不再会发生不利的改变。
该目的是通过一种药物组合物实现的,该药物组合物含有由至少一种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、至少一种不溶于水的聚合物和至少一种在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的活性成分所形成的混合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物和所述活性成分以至多3.5∶1重量份的比例存在,并且该药物组合物具有以下性质,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH1.2下2小时后相应于活性成分单独在pH1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍。
本发明还涉及两种可选的用于制备根据本发明的药物组合物的方法。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备含有根据本发明的药物组合物的药物剂型的方法,以及由此得到的药物剂型。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的药物组合物用于制备药物剂型的用途。
发明的实施方式
本发明涉及一种优选粉末形式的药物组合物,该药物组合物含有由至少一种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、至少一种不溶于水的聚合物和至少一种在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的活性成分所形成的混合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物和所述活性成分以至多3.5∶1重量份的比例存在,并且该药物组合物具有以下性质,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH1.2的介质(SGFsp,无胰酶的模拟胃液(Simulated Gastric Fluid sine pancreatin))中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH1.2下2小时后相应于活性成分单独在pH1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍。
阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物
阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物是指那些至少在一定pH范围内是水溶性的带有阳离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。通常在该药物组合物中只含有阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。不过,任选还可以两种或更多种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物并存或以混合物存在。
所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物可能具有以下功能,在类似于US 6,391,338的熔体挤出情况下,将在水中溶解较差的活性成分以较高溶解度的状态转送到聚合物混合物中。
优选的阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的实例尤其是带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物:
所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物可以部分或完全由烷基上带有叔氨基的丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯组成。合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如由EP 0 058 765 B1公开。
所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如可以由30至80重量%自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和70至20重量%烷基上带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯-单体组成。
带有叔氨基官能团的合适的单体在US 4 705 695,第3栏,第64行至第4栏,第13行中提及。尤其要提到的是丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、丙烯酸二甲基氨基苄酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基苄酯、丙烯酸(3-二甲基氨基-2,2-二甲基)丙酯、甲基丙烯酸(二甲基氨基-2,2-二甲基)丙酯、丙烯酸(3-二乙基氨基-2,2-二甲基)丙酯和甲基丙烯酸(二乙基氨基-2,2-二甲基)丙酯。特别优选甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯。
带有叔氨基的单体在共聚物中的含量优选可以介于20和70重量%之间,优选介于40和60重量%之间。丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯的份额为70-30重量%。可提到甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸丁酯。
带有叔氨基的合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如可以由20-30重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20-30重量%甲基丙烯酸丁酯和60-40重量%甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯形成。
具体合适的商业常用的带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如由25重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、25重量%甲基丙烯酸丁酯和50重量%甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯形成( E100或 E PO(粉末状))。 E100或 E PO在约pH5.0以下是水溶性的,因此也是胃液溶解性的。
不溶于水的聚合物
不溶于水的聚合物是指那些在1至14整个pH范围内不溶于水的或者只是可在水中溶胀的聚合物。通常在药物组合物中仅含有不溶于水的聚合物。不过任选还可以有两种或更多种不溶于水的聚合物并存或者以混合物存在。
不溶于水的聚合物可能具有以下功能,即使在水中溶解较差的活性成分在从药物剂型中释放出来后,在较长时期内以较高溶解度的状态达到稳定化,因此延缓或防止减小溶解度的团聚、重结晶或沉淀。
优选的不溶于水的聚合物的实例尤其是中性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物以及带有季铵基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物:
中性的或基本上中性的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物至少95,尤其是至少98,优选至少99,尤其是至少99,特别优选100重量%由带有中性基团,尤其是C1-至C4-烷基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯-单体形成。
合适的带有中性基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯-单体例如是甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯。优选甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸甲酯。
可以含有较小份额,小于5,优选至多2,特别优选至多1或0.05至1重量%的带有阴离子基团的甲基丙烯酸酯单体,例如丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。
优选那些根据WO 01/68767在使用1-10重量%的HLB值为15.2至17.3的非离子乳化剂条件下,以分散体制得的中性或基本上中性的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物。非离子乳化剂带来的优点是,由于该乳化剂,不发生形成晶体结构的相分离 NM)。
根据EP 1 571 164 A2,可以制备相应的几乎中性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,其含有较小份额,0.05至1重量%的单烯烃不饱和C3-C8-羧酸,不过也可以通过乳液聚合,在比较少量,例如0.001至1重量%的阴离子乳化剂存在下制备。
其它合适的,不溶于水的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如由EP-A 181515或者由DE-PS 1 617 751公开。涉及不依赖pH值的不溶于水或只是在水中溶胀的适合于药物包衣的聚合化物。作为可行的制备方法,可提及在溶于单体混合物中的形成自由基的引发剂存在下的本体聚合。所述聚合化物同样还可以通过溶液聚合或沉降聚合而制得。所述聚合化物可以以此方式以细粉末状获得,这在本体聚合时可通过研磨实现,在溶液聚合和沉降聚合时例如可通过喷雾干燥实现。
一种合适的不溶于水的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物由85至98重量%自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和15至2重量%烷基上带有季氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯-单体组成。
优选的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯是丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
作为带有季铵基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体,特别优选甲基丙烯酸2-三甲基氯化铵乙酯。
相应的共聚物例如可以由50-70重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯,20-40重量%丙烯酸乙酯和7-2重量%甲基丙烯酸2-三甲基氯化铵乙酯构成。
另一种合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物例如可以由85至小于93重量%丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和大于7至15重量%烷基上带有季铵基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体构成。这种(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体是商业常用的,并且长久以来就用于延缓性包衣。
聚乙酸乙烯酯/聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙基纤维素和甲基纤维素
用量份额
一种或任选多种水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和一种或任选多种不溶于水的聚合物在所述药物组合物中可以以相互比例为40∶60至99∶1,优选以相互比例为50∶50至95∶5,尤其是以相互比例为70∶30至92∶8重量份存在。令人惊讶地,不溶于水的聚合物与水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物即使很小的混合量也已足以达到根据本发明的效果。
基于在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的活性成分计,不溶于水的聚合物的份额不应过高,因为否则所追求的在pH1.2下120分钟后的溶解度改善达不到至少16倍。
不溶于水的聚合物和活性成分应该以至多3.5重量份不溶于水的聚合物比1重量份活性成分,优选至多3.5∶1至0.25∶1重量份,尤其是至多2.5∶1至0.25∶1重量份的比例存在。如果并列存在多种不溶于水的聚合物和/或多种活性成分,则所述用量份额分别基于它们的总和计。
活性成分
所述药物组合物含有至少一种,通常仅一种,不过还任选含有两种或更多种活性成分的组合。因此,所含有的活性成分可以由一种唯一的活性成分组成或者还任选由多种单种活性成分组成。
一种或多种活性成分在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小,优选2.2g/l或更小,尤其是1.1g/l或更小。
一种或多种活性成分例如可以属于BCS-II和IV类的组群(根据Amidon教授的生物药物分类体系;Amidon等人,Pharm.Res.12,413-420(1995))和/或以下组群:抗雄激素物质、抗抑郁剂、抗糖尿病药、抗风湿药、糖皮质激素、细胞抑制剂、偏头痛药、神经安定药、抗生素、雌激素、维生素、精神治疗药、ACE-抑制剂、β-阻断剂、钙通道阻断剂、利尿剂、强心苷、抗癫痫药、利尿剂/抗青光眼药、尿酸控制剂(Urikostatika)、H2-受体阻断剂和病毒抑制药。
BCS-II和IV类的活性成分在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小。BCS-II类活性成分是良好渗透性的,而BCS-IV类活性成分的渗透性较差。因此,尤其是在BCS-II类活性成分情况下更能发挥出本发明的优点,因为在此情况下,活性成分在溶液中的利用率是其生物利用性的唯一限制。不过,即使在BCS-IV类活性成分情况下,提高活性成分在溶液中的利用率也会有助于至少逐渐实现生物利用性获得一定改善,尽管这些活性成分在细胞中有吸收(渗透性)较差的限制。
一种或任选多种活性成分例如可以含有比卡鲁胺、阿那曲唑、阿苯达唑、阿米替林、蒿甲醚、氯丙嗪、环丙沙星、氯法齐明、氨苯砜、二氯尼特、依法韦仑、叶酸、呋噻米、格列本脲、灰黄霉素、氟哌啶醇、伊维菌素、布洛芬、Idinavir、洛匹那韦、本芴醇、甲苯达唑、甲氟喹、氯硝柳胺、那非那韦、硝苯地平、呋喃妥英、苯妥英、噻嘧啶、Pyremethamin、维生素A、利托那韦、螺内酯、磺胺嘧啶、柳氮磺吡啶、磺胺甲噁唑、三氯苯达唑、氧甲苄啶、丙戊酸、维拉帕米、华法林、萘啶酸、奈韦拉平、吡喹酮、利福平、格列美脲(Glimiprid)、尼鲁米特、溴隐亭、酮替芬、来曲唑、那拉曲坦、更昔洛韦、奥利司他、迷索前列醇,格拉司琼、吡格列酮、拉米夫定、罗西格列酮、齐多夫定、依那普利、阿替洛尔、纳多洛尔、非洛地平、苄普地尔、地高辛、洋地黄毒苷、卡马西平、乙酰唑胺、别嘌醇、西咪替丁、雷尼替丁或奥卡西平。
水中的溶解度
本发明涉及在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小,优选3.3g/l或更小,尤其是1.1g/l或更小的活性成分。
所述活性成分在水中的溶解度可以根据DAB 10(DeutschesArzneibuch,10.Ausgabe mit 3.Nachtrag 1994,DeutscherApothekerverlag,Stuttgart und Govi Verlag,Frankfurt a.M.,2.Nachtrag(1993),IV Allgemeine Vorschriften,第5-6页,"und ";s.a.Ph.Eur.4.07,2004)进行定义。
在pH1.2的溶解度
在pH1.2的溶解度,或者以溶解形式存在的活性成分的量可以在根据USP(Paddle方法,100Upm)缓冲到pH1.2的介质(SGFsp,无胰酶的模拟胃液)中,例如通过色谱法和/或光谱法进行确定。比较120分钟后根据本发明配制的活性成分的值和没有配制的活性成分的值。这模拟通过胃平均时间的条件。在该比较中,根据本发明配制的活性成分的溶解度应该提高至少16倍,优选至少18倍,尤其是至少20倍。
技术人员早已熟知USP方法,Paddle方法(例如参见USP 28-NF23,General Chapter<711>,Dissolution,Apparatus 2(Paddle),Method<724>"Delayed Release(Enteric Coated)Articles-General General Drug Release Standard",Method B(100Upm,37℃))。
药物组合物的制备方法
"溶剂方法"
本发明还涉及一种制备具有以下性质的固体形式的药物组合物的方法,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH1.2下2小时后相应于所述活性成分单独在pH1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍,其特征在于,首先在有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中由阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、活性成分和不溶于水的聚合物形成溶液,接下来所述溶剂例如通过蒸发或施加低压,例如通过冻干或者喷雾干燥而除去,从而得到具有上述性质的固体。
所述有机溶剂任选还可以是与其它有机溶剂和/或水的溶剂混合物。倘若含有水,则该份额仅允许这么高,尽管如此,仍使所有组分,两种聚合物类型和活性成分,变成溶液。合适的溶剂例如是丙酮、异丙醇或乙醇或者它们的混合物。合适的例如是异丙醇/丙酮为6∶4重量份的混合物。例如乙醇/水混合物也是合适的,优选含有不大于50重量%水。
所述方法利用,活性成分在水中溶解较差,因此在有机溶剂中可以比较好溶解。所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物同时还可以溶于有机溶剂中。在商业常用的合适形式中, E类型的聚合物例如还是具有12.5%固体含量的有机溶液形式。不溶于水的聚合物又易溶于有机溶剂中。因此可以制备所有三种成分的溶液,其中所述活性成分即使在除去溶剂后也以溶解状态保持在固体中。由于尚未知道的原因,在混合物中包含不溶于水的聚合物造成,活性成分原始存在的溶解度在该活性成分释放到类似肠液的pH7.2的介质中后,不再下降到阈值以下,该阈值在4小时后相应于至少为该活性成分在去离子水中的溶解度值的两倍。
所述溶剂方法具有易于实施的优点。
"熔体挤出方法"
与所述溶剂方法相比,优选熔体挤出方法,主要是因为从工作,健康防护和从环境保护因素出发,取消与溶剂有问题的关联。
根据本发明,本发明涉及一种制备具有以下性质的挤出物形式的药物组合物的方法,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH1.2下2小时后相应于所述活性成分单独在pH1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍,其特征在于,所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、活性成分和不溶于水的聚合物进行混合,并在60至220℃,优选80至180℃的温度范围内熔融挤出。
所述熔体挤出方法可以借助挤出机,尤其是通过双螺杆挤出机实施。有利的是,所述挤出机或双螺杆挤出机配备有脱气区。所述阳离子水溶性聚合物和不溶于水的聚合物可以作为固体,作为聚合物溶液或作为聚合物分散体进行加工。所述活性成分的添加可以作为固体,作为溶液或作为混悬液进行。挤出物优选通过挤压造粒(Stranggranulation)和热切割而加工成圆柱状、拉长的挤压颗粒,或者通过在冷却下热切割而加工成圆形的丸粒。EP 1 563 987 A1描述了一种适合制备圆形丸粒的装置(丸化机)。颗粒优选可以被研磨成例如粒度小于/等于1mm,优选在50至500μm范围的粉末。
制备药物剂型的方法
本发明还涉及一种制备含有本发明药物组合物的本发明药物剂型的方法,其特征在于,根据以上描述的溶剂方法或熔体挤出方法制得药物组合物并进一步加工成颗粒、丸粒或粉末,任选通过药物常见的助剂进行配制,并以已知方式,例如通过混合、压制、粉末压条和/或胶囊化而加工成药物剂型,例如加工成片剂,或者优选加工成多粒的药物剂型,尤其是加工成含丸粒的片剂、小片剂、胶囊、小袋或重构的粉末
片剂和多粒药物剂型的制备
根据本发明的药物组合物尤其适合于制备片剂形式的药物剂型,并适合以多粒的药物剂型使用。优选本发明的药物组合物以粉末状存在,并可以代替活性成分直接用于实际上其中活性成分以粉末状并入的所有已知的药物制剂中。以此方式,例如可以象WO 01/68058或WO2005/046649中那样,在粉末压条方法中,用粉末状的药物组合物和粘合剂涂敷中性核(Non-Pareilles)。接下来,被涂敷的核与其它助剂和聚合物层被配制成最终的药物剂型,如WO 01/68058或WO2005/046649中预先规定的。
对于多粒药物剂型而言,粉末状的药物组合物在即使没有中性核情况下也可以用粘合剂通过倒圆、压制而加工成含活性成分的颗粒或丸粒,其本身可以具有相应的聚合物包衣层用以调控活性成分释放。通过压制药物常用的粘合剂与含活性成分的颗粒将多粒药物剂型制成片剂例如在Beckert等人(1996),“Compression of enteric-coatedpellets to disintegrating tablets”,International Journal ofPharmaceutics 143,第13-23页和WO 96/01624中有详细描述。
在含活性成分的丸粒上的膜包衣通常在流化床设备上进行涂布。成膜剂通常与软化剂和分离剂一起按照合适的方法进行混合。在此,所述成膜剂可以以溶液或悬浮液存在。同样可以溶解或悬浮用于成膜的助剂。可以使用有机或水性的溶剂或分散剂。为了使该分散体稳定化,还可以使用稳定剂(实例:Tween 80或其它合适的乳化剂或稳定剂)。
分离剂的实例是单硬脂酸甘油酯或其它合适的脂肪酸衍生物、硅酸衍生物或滑石。软化剂的实例是丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸酯、聚乙二醇、癸二酸酯或柠檬酸酯,以及其它在文献中提到的物质。
在含活性成分的和任选存在的肠液溶解的共聚物层之间可以涂布隔离层,该隔离层用于隔离活性成分和包衣材料,目的是防止相互作用。该层可以由惰性的成膜剂(例如HPMC或HPC)或者例如滑石或其它合适的药物物质形成。同样可以使用由成膜剂和滑石或类似物质形成的组合。
还可以涂布由部分或完全中和的共聚物分散体形成的隔离层,所述分散体例如可以含有阴离子的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。
用于制备由包衣颗粒形成的片剂的混合物是如下配制的,混合所述丸粒与用于成片的合适粘合剂,必要时添加促进分解的物质,以及必要时添加润滑剂。混合可以在合适的机器中进行。会导致包衣的颗粒被破坏的混合器是不适合的,例如犁式混合器。为了达到适当短的分解时间,在向包衣的颗粒中添加助剂时可能需要特殊的顺序。通过使包衣的颗粒与润滑剂或脱模剂硬脂酸镁进行预混,可以使其表面疏水化,从而避免粘连。
适合成片的混合物通常含有3至15重量%分解助剂,例如Kollidon CL,和例如0.1至1重量%润滑剂和脱模剂,如硬脂酸镁。粘合剂份额根据所需的包衣的颗粒份额来确定。
典型的分解助剂(崩解剂)是交联的淀粉或纤维素衍生物,以及交联的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。同样纤维素衍生物也是合适的。通过选择合适的粘合剂,可以省略分解助剂的使用。
典型的润滑剂和脱模剂是硬脂酸镁或脂肪酸其它合适的盐或者在文献中为此目的提及的物质(例如月桂酸、硬脂酸钙、滑石等)。当使用合适的机器(例如带有外部润滑的压片机)或合适的制剂时,可以省略在混合物中使用润滑剂和脱模剂。
为了改善流动性,任选可以向混合物中添加助剂(例如高分散的硅酸衍生物、滑石等)。
成片可以在常规的压片机,偏心式压片机或回转式压片机中,在5至40kN,优选10-20kN的压力下进行。所述压片机可以配备用于外部润滑的系统。
助剂
在制备颗粒,丸粒或粉末时,优选以已知方式向根据本发明的组合物中添加常见的助剂或添加物。原则上,所有使用的助剂在毒理学上自然必须是无争议的,尤其是对患者而言无风险地用于药物中。
常见添加物在药物包衣或涂层中的用量和使用情况是技术人员熟知的。常见的添加物例如可以是分离剂、颜料、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、成孔剂、渗透促进剂、光泽剂、芳香物或调味剂。它们用作加工助剂,并且应该确保可靠和可再现的制备方法以及良好的长时间贮存稳定性,或者在药物剂型中达到额外的有利性质。在加工前将它们加入聚合物制剂中,可以影响包衣的渗透性,这点任选可以用作额外的控制参数。
●分离剂:
分离剂通常具有亲脂性质,通常被加入喷射悬浮液中。它们防止核在成膜过程中发生团聚。优选使用滑石、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙、磨碎的硅酸、高岭土或HLB值介于3和8之间的非离子性乳化剂。分离剂常见的用量介于0.5至100重量%之间,基于活性成分、水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和不溶于水的聚合物的总和计。
●颜料:
要使用的颜料是非毒性的并且适合于药物目的。为此例如还参见:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Farbstoffe für Lebensmittel,Harald Boldt Verlag KG,Boppard (1978);DeutscheLebensmittelrundschau 74,Nr.4,S.156 (1978);Arzneimittelfarbstoffverordnung AmFarbV vom 25.08.1980。
合适的颜料例如是铝氧化物颜料或橙黄颜料、胭脂红色料、彩色颜料、基于铝氧化物或偶氮染料、磺酸染料、橙黄S(E110,C.I.15985,FD&C颜料黄6)、靛蓝胭脂红(E132,C.I.73015,FD&C颜料蓝2)、酒石黄(E 102,C.I.19140,FD&C颜料黄5)、丽春红4R(E 125,C.I.16255,FD&C胭脂红A)、喹啉黄(E 104,C.I.47005,FD&C颜料黄10)、赤藓红(E127,C.I.45430,FD&C颜料红3)、偶氮玉红(E122,C.I.14720,FD&C酸性红)、紫红色(E 123,C.I.16185,FD&C颜料红2)、明亮酸性绿(E 142,C.I.44090,FD&C颜料绿S)。
颜料所记录的E号基于EU-编号。为此还参见"DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft,Farbstoffe für Lebensmittel,HaraldBoldt Verlag KG,Boppard(1978);Deutsche Lebensmittelrundschau74,Nr.4,S.156(1978);ArzneimittelfarbstoffverordnungAmFarbV vom 25.08.1980。FD&C号基于美国食品和药物监督管理局(FDA)对食品、药物和化妆品的许可,描述在:美国食品和药物监督管理局,食品安全和应用营养中心,化妆品和颜色办公室:Code ofFederal Regulations-Title 21 Color Additive Regulations Part82,Listing of Certified Provisionally Listed Colors andSpecifications(CFR 21 Part 82)。
●软化剂
其它添加物还可以是软化剂。常规的量介于0和50,优选5至20重量%之间。
软化剂可以根据类型(亲脂性或亲水性)和添加量的不同而影响聚合物层的功能。通过与聚合物的物理性相互作用,软化剂实现了玻璃转变温度的降低,并且取决于添加量的不同而促进成膜。合适的物质通常的分子量介于100和20000之间,并且在分子中含有一个或多个亲水性基团,例如羟基、酯基或氨基。
合适的软化剂的实例是柠檬酸烷基酯、甘油酯、邻苯二甲酸烷基酯、癸二酸烷基酯、蔗糖酯、脱水山梨醇酯、癸二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯和聚乙二醇200至12000。优选的软化剂是柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC)、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯(ATEC)和癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)。此外可提及的是通常在室温下为液态的酯,如柠檬酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、癸二酸酯或蓖麻油。优选使用柠檬酸酯和癸二酸酯。
可以以已知方式,直接在水溶液中或者在热预处理混合物后,将软化剂添加到制剂中。也可以使用软化剂的混合物。
药物剂型
本发明还涉及含有根据本发明的药物组合物的药物剂型。
应用
本发明还涉及根据本发明的药物组合物制备药物剂型的用途。所述药物组合物在优选的方式下以粉末形式替代粉末状活性成分进行添加。在根据本发明的制剂中,粉末具有以下性质,所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH1.2下2小时后相应于活性成分单独在pH1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍。从而可以使溶解较差的活性成分以较高溶解度的状态加入所有类型的药物剂型中。
本发明的有利效果
根据本发明的药物组合物的一个有利效果尤其是在于,在水中溶解较差的活性成分转变成较高溶解度的状态,该状态区别于现有技术(参见实施例1),在pH1.2下经120分钟时间后保持稳定。在pH1.2下120分钟的时间模拟平均通过胃的时间。以此方式可以减少或者甚至防止活性成分在初期较高的溶解度后,在胃中停留时间过程中发生重结晶。这显著提高了就时间而言的生物利用性,尤其是在经过肠道那一刻。
类似胃液的环境是较高的测试要求,因而可以认为,在测试中在pH1.2下120分钟后达到稳定时的较高溶解度状态,即使在经过其中存在较高pH值的肠段后,也不再不利地明显改变。
因此,根据本发明的药物组合物不仅适合于要在胃中释放的活性成分,而且实际上也适合于所有其它药物剂型,例如适合于耐胃液的包衣型和/或延缓型配制的药物剂型,它们仅在肠中释放活性成分。因此比目前更好的是,即使是对于在水中溶解较差的活性成分,也能调节到治疗所需的比较高的血液水平值,并且还保持较长时间。
所述药物组合物优选以粉末状存在,并且实际上可以以其中活性成分被加工成粉末状的所有制剂而替代使用。由于溶解度较高,因此这样原则上开辟了新的治疗可能性。
本发明的有利效果例如可以借助实施例加以阐述。
实施例
A)聚合物
E是一种由25重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、25重量%甲基丙烯酸丁酯和50重量%甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯组成的水溶性共聚物
PEG 6000:聚乙二醇6000(水溶性的聚合物)
B)用于实施例1至14的挤出物的制备
在双螺杆挤出机(Leistritz MICRO 18 GL 40 D Pharma)上通过熔体挤出制备样品。这样选择温度,使得至少一个区超过活性成分的熔点。在70-170℃范围内进行挤出。
非洛地平,水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物 E和任选"第二"聚合物经过固体或液体计量器计量加入,在挤出机中混合,熔化和挤出。在根据本发明的实施例中,"第二"聚合物不溶于水,并且以与活性成分的比例至多为3.5∶1存在。转数为200-250rpm。得到的熔体经空气冷却的出料传送带取出,接下来在挤压造粒机(Stranggranulator)中粉碎。接下来颗粒在带有250μm筛分插件的Retsch Ultra离心式磨机中以6000 1/min进行研磨,然后筛分(<250μm)。
各挤出物的组成(重量%)
表1:
根据本发明:实施例2-4、7-10
不是根据本发明:实施例1、5、6、11-14
实施例1至14
从研磨的颗粒中释放活性成分非洛地平:
从研磨的颗粒中释放活性成分在桨式设备(DT700Dissolutiontester,Erweka)按USP 26方法2进行。称量样品,每次相应于10mg非洛地平。使用pH1.2(37℃±0.5)的500ml SGFsp(无胰酶的模拟胃液,USP)作为介质,搅拌速度为100rpm。以一定间隔取出5ml样品,通过膜过滤器 30/0.45μm PTFE,Schleicher&Schüll)过滤,并用甲醇1∶1稀释。放弃最初的2ml。用新鲜的温度控制的介质代替取出的体积。通过HPLC检测非洛地平的释放量。
(使用的柱:RP 18(Lichrospher 100.5μm,125×4,Merck,)流动剂∶乙腈∶甲醇∶磷酸盐缓冲液pH3,流速:1ml/min,波长:362nm)
确定pH1.2时非洛地平的溶解度:
非洛地平在水中的溶解度<1mg/l(0.0001g/l)。为了比较,确定非洛地平在缓冲到pH1.2的介质(SGFsp pH1.2)中的溶解度。为此,使10mg在20ml介质中在振动板("轨道式震荡器(orbitalshaker)")上在37℃下保持运动达24小时。通过HPLC确定浓度。
对于没有根据本发明配制的单独非洛地平而言,确定其溶解度为0.5mg/l。
关于实施例1至14的下表描述了非洛地平在pH1.2下随时间分布的溶解度值。进行了三个平行实验(容器1至3)。
实施例1(不是根据本发明):
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值 |
0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
5 | 0.0126 | 0.0142 | 0.0164 | 0.0144 |
10 | 0.0129 | 0.0139 | 0.0158 | 0.0142 |
15 | 0.0111 | 0.0123 | 0.0144 | 0.0126 |
30 | 0.0073 | 0.0086 | 0.0107 | 0.0089 |
45 | 0.0055 | 0.0077 | 0.0077 | 0.0068 |
60 | 0.0048 | 0.0051 | 0.0059 | 0.0052 |
90 | 0.0042 | 0.0046 | 0.0043 | 0.0044 |
120 | 0.0037 | 0.0037 | 0.0038 | 0.0037 |
这里,在5分钟后达到溶解度最大值,不过之后显著下降。
实施例2:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0120 | 0.0160 | 0.0159 | 0.0146 |
10 | 0.0141 | 0.0163 | 0.0168 | 0.0157 |
15 | 0.0154 | 0.0163 | 0.0164 | 0.0160 |
30 | 0.0160 | 0.0162 | 0.0155 | 0.0159 |
45 | 0.0158 | 0.0156 | 0.0152 | 0.0155 |
60 | 0.0154 | 0.0167 | 0.0153 | 0.0158 |
90 | 0.0150 | 0.0152 | 0.0153 | 0.0151 |
120 | 0.0150 | 0.0145 | 0.0141 | 0.0146 |
实施例3:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0099 | 0.0113 | 0.0121 | 0.0111 |
10 | 0.0127 | 0.0122 | 0.0123 | 0.0124 |
15 | 0.0128 | 0.0119 | 0.0120 | 0.0122 |
30 | 0.0121 | 0.0117 | 0.0119 | 0.0119 |
45 | 0.0120 | 0.0115 | 0.0123 | 0.0119 |
60 | 0.0124 | 0.0114 | 0.0120 | 0.0119 |
90 | 0.0133 | 0.0114 | 0.0114 | 0.0120 |
120 | 0.0116 | 0.0112 | 0.0111 | 0.0113 |
实施例4:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值 |
0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
5 | 0.0044 | 0.0087 | 0.0087 | 0.0072 |
10 | 0.0094 | 0.0097 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 |
15 | 0.0097 | 0.0096 | 0.0093 | 0.0095 |
30 | 0.0095 | 0.0093 | 0.0094 | 0.0094 |
45 | 0.0098 | 0.0092 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 |
60 | 0.0094 | 0.0094 | 0.0096 | 0.0095 |
90 | 0.0095 | 0.0094 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 |
120 | 0.0103 | 0.0097 | 0.0095 | 0.0098 |
实施例5(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0028 | 0.0046 | 0.0041 | 0.0039 |
10 | 0.0043 | 0.0044 | 0.0037 | 0.0041 |
15 | 0.0044 | 0.0041 | 0.0051 | 0.0045 |
30 | 0.0053 | 0.0053 | 0.0055 | 0.0054 |
45 | 0.0056 | 0.0051 | 0.0058 | 0.0055 |
60 | 0.0053 | 0.0056 | 0.0060 | 0.0056 |
120 | 0.0046 | 0.0055 | 0.0050 | 0.0051 |
实施例6(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0008 | 0.0024 | 0.0024 | 0.0019 |
10 | 0.0022 | 0.0028 | 0.0027 | 0.0026 |
15 | 0.0026 | 0.0032 | 0.0028 | 0.0029 |
30 | 0.0036 | 0.0033 | 0.0030 | 0.0033 |
45 | 0.0031 | 0.0034 | 0.0032 | 0.0033 |
60 | 0.0037 | 0.0038 | 0.0034 | 0.0036 |
120 | 0.0011 | 0.0023 | 0.0010 | 0.0015 |
实施例7:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
5 | 0.0090 | 0.0116 | 0.0116 | 0.0107 |
10 | 0.0109 | 0.0119 | 0.0126 | 0.0118 |
15 | 0.0113 | 0.0119 | 0.0122 | 0.0118 |
30 | 0.0114 | 0.0116 | 0.0112 | 0.0114 |
45 | 0.0113 | 0.0116 | 0.0118 | 0.0116 |
60 | 0.0116 | 0.0123 | 0.0117 | 0.0119 |
120 | 0.0110 | 0.0119 | 0.0117 | 0.0115 |
实施例8:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
5 | 0.0069 | 0.0102 | 0.0095 | 0.0088 |
10 | 0.0100 | 0.0100 | 0.0101 | 0.0100 |
15 | 0.0117 | 0.0094 | 0.0101 | 0.0104 |
30 | 0.0096 | 0.0095 | 0.0098 | 0.0096 |
45 | 0.0094 | 0.0096 | 0.0103 | 0.0098 |
60 | 0.0096 | 0.0097 | 0.0098 | 0.0097 |
120 | 0.0097 | 0.0092 | 0.0099 | 0.0096 |
实施例9:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0112 | 0.0130 | 0.0131 | 0.0124 |
10 | 0.0128 | 0.0135 | 0.0139 | 0.0134 |
15 | 0.0136 | 0.0144 | 0.0140 | 0.0140 |
30 | 0.0135 | 0.0142 | 0.0138 | 0.0138 |
45 | 0.0134 | 0.0132 | 0.0139 | 0.0135 |
60 | 0.0130 | 0.0123 | 0.0130 | 0.0128 |
120 | 0.0117 | 0.0113 | 0.0121 | 0.0117 |
实施例10:
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
5 | 0.0077 | 0.0087 | 0.0117 | 0.0093 |
10 | 0.0101 | 0.0092 | 0.0101 | 0.0098 |
15 | 0.0103 | 0.0103 | 0.0101 | 0.0102 |
30 | 0.0101 | 0.0105 | 0.0103 | 0.0103 |
45 | 0.0101 | 0.0098 | 0.0104 | 0.0101 |
60 | 0.0102 | 0.0100 | 0.0097 | 0.0100 |
120 | 0.0095 | 0.0097 | 0.0106 | 0.0099 |
实施例11(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0125 | 0.0161 | 0.0161 | 0.0149 |
10 | 0.0144 | 0.0158 | 0.0158 | 0.0153 |
15 | 0.0139 | 0.0147 | 0.0147 | 0.0144 |
30 | 0.0100 | 0.0106 | 0.0106 | 0.0104 |
45 | 0.0075 | 0.0076 | 0.0076 | 0.0075 |
60 | 0.0052 | 0.0058 | 0.0058 | 0.0056 |
120 | 0.0038 | 0.0043 | 0.0043 | 0.0041 |
实施例12(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0152 | 0.0168 | 0.0203 | 0.0174 |
10 | 0.0156 | 0.0157 | 0.0145 | 0.0153 |
15 | 0.0144 | 0.0146 | 0.0152 | 0.0147 |
30 | 0.0109 | 0.0105 | 0.0092 | 0.0102 |
45 | 0.0087 | 0.0082 | 0.0081 | 0.0083 |
60 | 0.0073 | 0.0074 | 0.0072 | 0.0073 |
120 | 0.0062 | 0.0063 | 0.0058 | 0.0061 |
实施例13(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0135 | 0.0224 | 0.0164 | 0.0174 |
10 | 0.0157 | 0.0180 | 0.0159 | 0.0165 |
15 | 0.0166 | 0.0168 | 0.0162 | 0.0165 |
30 | 0.0148 | 0.0151 | 0.0147 | 0.0149 |
45 | 0.0122 | 0.0122 | 0.0117 | 0.0120 |
60 | 0.0100 | 0.0105 | 0.0103 | 0.0103 |
120 | 0.0068 | 0.0067 | 0.0072 | 0.0069 |
实施例14(不是根据本发明)
时间 | 容器1(g/l) | 容器2(g/l) | 容器3(g/l) | 平均值(g/l) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.0104 | 0.0130 | 0.0140 | 0.0125 |
10 | 0.0130 | 0.0137 | 0.0139 | 0.0136 |
15 | 0.0137 | 0.0141 | 0.0138 | 0.0139 |
30 | 0.0134 | 0.0140 | 0.0138 | 0.0138 |
45 | 0.0111 | 0.0125 | 0.0134 | 0.0123 |
60 | 0.0095 | 0.0116 | 0.0115 | 0.0109 |
90 | 0.0072 | 0.0079 | 0.0096 | 0.0082 |
120 | 0.00674 | 0.0084 | 0.00768 | 0.0076 |
实施例1至14关于非洛地平在pH1.2下在120分钟后溶解度提高的汇总
结果汇总在下表2中
表2
实施例 | 在pH1.2下120min后溶解的活性成分[g/l] | 不溶于水的聚合物的重量份比1重量份活性成分 | 基于单独的活性成分的溶解度计的浓度提高(多倍) |
单独的非洛地平 | 0.0005 | - | - |
1 | 0.0037 | - | 7.4 |
2 | 0.0146 | 0.5 | 29.2 |
3 | 0.0113 | 1 | 22.6 |
4 | 0.0098 | 2 | 19.6 |
5 | 0.0050 | 4 | 10.0 |
6 | 0.0015 | 6 | 3.0 |
7 | 0.0115 | 1 | 23.0 |
8 | 0.0096 | 2 | 19.2 |
9 | 0.0117 | 1 | 23.4 |
10 | 0.0099 | 2 | 19.8 |
11 | 0.0041 | 1*) | 8.2 |
12 | 0.0061 | 2*) | 12.2 |
13 | 0.0069 | 1*) | 13.8 |
14 | 0.0076 | 2*) | 15.2 |
*)记录与"第二"聚合物的比例,不过所述聚合物在实施例11-14中是水溶性的。
根据本发明的实施例2-4、7-10:
在所有实施例中都发现,在pH1.2下120分钟后溶解度提高至少为非洛地平单独在pH1.2下的值的16倍。
不是根据本发明的实施例1、5、6、11-14:
实施例1:没有根据本发明加入不溶干水的聚合物时,初期良好的溶解度(5分钟后,参见实施例1的各个值)在120分钟后下降到7.4倍。
实施例5和6:如果使用不溶于水的聚合物,基于活性成分计,比例为大于3.5∶1重量份时,则溶解度改善低于单独活性成分的值的16倍
实施例11至14:如果不用不溶于水的聚合物而使用水溶性聚合物,则溶解度改善低于单独活性成分的值的16倍。
Claims (16)
1.药物组合物,该药物组合物含有由至少一种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、至少一种不溶于水的聚合物和至少一种在去离子水中的溶解度为3.3g/l或更小的活性成分所形成的混合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物和所述活性成分以至多3.5∶1重量份的比例存在,并且该药物组合物具有以下性质:所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH 1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH 1.2下2小时后相应于活性成分单独在pH 1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍。
2.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或任选多种阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和所述一种或任选多种不溶于水的聚合物以相互间比例为40∶60至99∶1重量份存在。
3.根据权利要求1或2的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物部分或完全由烷基上带有叔氨基的丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯组成。
4.根据权利要求3的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物是由30至80重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和70至20重量%烷基上带有叔氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯-单体形成的聚合产物。
5.根据权利要求3或4的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物是由20-30重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20-30重量%甲基丙烯酸丁酯和60-40重量%甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯形成的聚合产物。
6.根据权利要求1至5一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物是由98至88重量%丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-至C4-烷基酯和2至12重量%具有季氨基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体形成的聚合产物。
7.根据权利要求1至6一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物是由20至40重量%丙烯酸乙酯和60至80重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0至小于5重量%丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸形成的共聚物。
8.根据权利要求1至5一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述不溶于水的聚合物是聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素。
9.根据权利要求1至8一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述活性成分选自BCS-II和IV类的组群(根据Amidon教授的生物药物分类体系)和/或以下组群:抗雄激素类、抗抑郁剂、抗糖尿病药、抗风湿药、糖皮质激素、细胞抑制剂、偏头痛药、神经安定药、抗生素、雌激素、维生素、精神治疗药、ACE-抑制剂、β-阻断剂、钙通道阻断剂、利尿剂、强心苷、抗癫痫药、利尿剂/抗青光眼药、尿酸控制剂(Urikostatika)、H2-受体阻断剂和病毒抑制药。
10.根据权利要求1至9一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述活性成分是比卡鲁胺、阿那曲唑、阿苯达唑、阿米替林、蒿甲醚、氯丙嗪、环丙沙星、氯法齐明、氨苯砜、二氯尼特、依法韦仑、叶酸、呋噻米、格列木脲、灰黄霉素、氟哌啶醇、伊维菌素、布洛芬、Idinavir、洛匹那韦、本芴醇、甲苯达唑、甲氟喹、氯硝柳胺、那非那韦、硝苯地平、呋喃妥英、苯妥英、噻嘧啶、Pyremethamin、维生素A、利托那韦、螺内酯、磺胺嘧啶、柳氮磺吡啶、磺胺甲噁唑、三氯苯达唑、甲氧苄啶、丙戊酸、维拉帕米、华法林、萘啶酸、奈韦拉平、吡喹酮、利福平、格列美脲(Glimiprid)、尼鲁米特、溴隐亭、酮替芬、来曲唑、那拉曲坦、更昔洛韦、奥利司他、迷索前列醇、格拉司琼、吡格列酮、拉米夫定、罗西格列酮、齐多夫定、依那普利、阿替洛尔、纳多洛尔、非洛地平、苄普地尔、地高辛、洋地黄毒苷、卡马西平、乙酰唑胺、别嘌醇、西咪替丁、雷尼替丁或奥卡西平。
11.根据权利要求1至10一项或多项的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物以粉末形式存在。
12.制备根据权利要求1至11一项或多项的药物组合物的方法,所述药物组合物为具有以下性质的粒化或研磨的挤出物形式:所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH 1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH 1.2下2小时后相应于所述活性成分单独在pH 1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍,其特征在于,将所述阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、活性成分和不溶于水的聚合物进行混合,在60至220℃的温度范围内熔融挤出,并将挤出物粉碎或研磨成颗粒。
13.制备根据权利要求1至11一项或多项的药物组合物的方法,所述药物组合物为具有以下性质的固体形式:所含有的活性成分在缓冲到pH 1.2的介质中以溶解形式以一定浓度释放,该浓度在pH 1.2下2小时后相应于所述活性成分单独在pH 1.2下溶解度值的至少十六倍,其特征在于,首先在有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中由阳离子的水溶性(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、活性成分和不溶于水的聚合物形成溶液,接下来将所述有机溶剂例如通过蒸发或施加低压而除去,从而得到具有上述性质的固体。
14.制备含有根据权利要求1至11一项或多项的药物组合物的药物剂型的方法,其特征在于,根据权利要求11或13制备药物组合物,进一步加工成颗粒、丸粒或粉末,任选借助药物常见的助剂进行配制,并以自身已知的方式,例如通过混合、压制、粉末压条和/或胶囊化而加工成药物剂型,例如加工成片剂,或者优选加工成多粒的药物剂型,尤其是加工成含丸粒的片剂、小片剂、胶囊、小袋或重构的粉末。
15.含有根据权利要求1至11一项或多项的药物组合物的药物剂型。
16.根据权利要求1至11一项或多项的药物组合物用于制备药物剂型的用途。
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2007
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- 2007-01-17 EP EP07703962.6A patent/EP1978936B1/de active Active
- 2007-01-17 JP JP2008552772A patent/JP2009525300A/ja active Pending
- 2007-01-17 ES ES07703962T patent/ES2427724T3/es active Active
- 2007-01-17 WO PCT/EP2007/050465 patent/WO2007090721A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-01-17 SI SI200731314T patent/SI1978936T1/sl unknown
- 2007-01-17 PL PL07703962T patent/PL1978936T3/pl unknown
- 2007-01-17 BR BRPI0707465A patent/BRPI0707465B8/pt active IP Right Grant
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- 2007-01-17 US US12/159,538 patent/US20090011007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-01-17 KR KR1020087019038A patent/KR101387249B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN110755396A (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-07 | 北京悦康科创医药科技股份有限公司 | 一种布洛芬缓释小丸及其制备方法 |
CN110755396B (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-04-08 | 北京悦康科创医药科技股份有限公司 | 一种布洛芬缓释小丸及其制备方法 |
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IL191604A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
ES2427724T3 (es) | 2013-10-31 |
BRPI0707465A2 (pt) | 2011-05-03 |
CA2641351C (en) | 2014-05-06 |
EP1978936B1 (de) | 2013-07-10 |
KR20080090494A (ko) | 2008-10-08 |
PL1978936T3 (pl) | 2013-11-29 |
EP1978936A1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
US20090011007A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
BRPI0707465B1 (pt) | 2020-01-14 |
TW200808357A (en) | 2008-02-16 |
BRPI0707465B8 (pt) | 2022-07-05 |
TWI394584B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
IL191604A (en) | 2013-05-30 |
WO2007090721A1 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
KR101387249B1 (ko) | 2014-05-21 |
JP2009525300A (ja) | 2009-07-09 |
CA2641351A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
SI1978936T1 (sl) | 2013-10-30 |
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