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CN101065917A - 使用架空电力线的分布式天线系统发明背景 - Google Patents

使用架空电力线的分布式天线系统发明背景 Download PDF

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CN101065917A
CN101065917A CNA2005800408927A CN200580040892A CN101065917A CN 101065917 A CN101065917 A CN 101065917A CN A2005800408927 A CNA2005800408927 A CN A2005800408927A CN 200580040892 A CN200580040892 A CN 200580040892A CN 101065917 A CN101065917 A CN 101065917A
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antenna system
distributing antenna
distributing
information
power line
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格伦·E·埃尔莫尔
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Corridor Systems Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5441Wireless systems or telephone
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5483Systems for power line communications using coupling circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04HBROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/76Wired systems
    • H04H20/84Wired systems combined with power distribution network

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种分布式天线系统,其具有:传输部分,包括至少一个架空电力线,用于沿着其长度传送系统信息;和分布部分,包括至少一个沿着电力线的长度布置的局部接入点,用于对由传输部分传输的信息提供局部接入。

Description

使用架空电力线的分布式天线系统发明背景
技术领域
本发明通常涉及电信系统,尤其是,涉及利用架空传输线供传输和分布信息两者的新颖的方法。
背景技术
由于用于个人和移动通信的容量和覆盖范围需求已经逐步升高,由蜂窝移动服务提供商使用的原始的泛洪(flooding)方法(其尝试围绕集中式蜂窝基站站点的相对大面积的总的覆盖)已经越来越达不到要求。虽然安装的小区站点的数量已经不断地增长,在美国和在世界范围内,需求量已经更快地增长。由于在典型乡下、郊区或者城市环境中平均无线传播路径的长度和大量相关的衰减,增加服务区的信息容量或增加对未服务区域的覆盖的成本可以是价格过高的。另外,在许多位置中,由于局部区划限制和调整,适宜的站点的可用性被缩小,并且新的站点的取得正在变得更加昂贵乃至难以获得。
在美国,估计每年投入$50亿去解决这些问题。在世界范围内,大约每年投入$180亿。解决这些问题已经采用的一种方法是增加接入站点(基站)的密度,以便既降低平均路径长度,又对每一单位面积更多的用户提供服务。但是由于用于装备和额外的返回信程(back haul)两者的成本,这是不可以接受的昂贵的解决方案。
近年来,已经使用分布式天线系统(DAS)去解决这些问题。这是通过对于每个基站提供多个天线操作的。调制的信息是通过传输线、光纤或者同轴电缆,或者通过空中无线方法(有源转发器)分布的。DAS具有不招致额外的返回信程成本的优点,并且当对于终端用户提供多个接入点时,在设备成本方面增加有限。因为这些多天线站点,无线路径趋向于是较短的,并且使得衰减更少,其改善链路容限。这些特征比先前的方法具有直接的经济优势。与传统的集中式蜂窝基站架构相比,这些在链路容限方面的改善可用于增加容量和覆盖范围两者。但是,仍然必须解决DAS传输基础结构,无论有线(包括光纤)或者无线,以及多个DAS天线的选址(siting)问题两者。站点位置、优先通行权、分区和其他的问题有可能支配DAS系统的商业情况的经济状况。同时,必须进行追加支出以扩建用于每一分布的天线位置的传输基础结构和适宜的硬件两者。
除了已经提及的硬件和返回信程成本之外,不管类型如何,覆盖范围增加和扩展的成本的相当多的部分是由于覆盖范围设计和局部地域和环境的分析的费用。鉴于这些原因,现有的DAS解决方案成功有限。
需要对于这些覆盖范围和容量问题更加有效和价格比较低廉的解决方案。
发明内容
为了满足以上描述的需要,在此处公开了一种使用具有大容量的架空电力线的分布式天线系统,其能够以比现有的方法低得多的成本提供改善的覆盖范围、空洞填充(hole filling),并为固定或移动的电话和信息设备以及服务提供更好的通信。传输是通过在单个电力线导体上使用表面波传输模式实现的,并且通过使用电力线导体作为支撑结构的普遍存在性和经济性来增强分布,以在提升沿着电力线的一个或者许多不同的位置上的局部无线接入。
本发明的系统采用现有的中电压架空电力线的基础结构,来有效地和有选择地扩展无线范围覆盖。与先前的有线或者无线传输硬件相比,使用现有的电力线以用于DAS传输大大降低了费用。在对终端用户的无线传播的意义上,这些电力线位置较好,并且用作供局部分布天线的站点,降低或者除去与允许和获得额外的基站或者DAS硬件有关的成本。站点分区和允许的成本也可以被消除。
此外,本发明可以允许现有的用户驻地/提供装备(customerpremises/provided equipment,CPE)正常地工作而无需修改或者变化。由本发明提供的DAS实际上对于用户是透明的。因为该系统是线性的,其能够支持多种的蜂窝标准,时分多址(TDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、第二和第三代系统(2G/3G),以及尚未建立的一些标准(例如,4G)。多个标准可以由单个DAS系统支持。在相同的分布硬件上运行除蜂窝服务以外的服务也是可能的:WiFi、WiMax或者甚至UWB通信可以与蜂窝通信并行运行。用于公用事业公司或者第三方使用的同时点对点通信是可能的。用于其他DAS或者不同系统的分布(或许来自相同的基站的不同的扇区或者来自不同的基站)可以同时地传输。
到施主基站的接口可以是简单的,通过直接连接或者通过无线方法。
由本发明的DAS产生的覆盖区通常以雪茄形条带延伸,近似以电力线为中心,尽管稍微地比该线段的长度更长。局部天线可以依照要求设置以生成这个区域足够的覆盖范围,其通常地与高速公路走廊或者高用户业务区重合,这些是典型的非常合乎需要的目标区域。分段在长度方面可以达到几英里,和在宽度方向达到一或几英里。
用于本发明的覆盖范围设计被大大地简化,并且产生的覆盖区与用户地理分布更理想地匹配。同样通过这种布置提供更好的频谱利用和再利用。
本发明的DAS比早先的解决方案更快且价格更低廉。覆盖区的网络管理与传统的集中式基站或者先前的DAS解决方案是非常相同的。
较好的覆盖范围也允许低的辐射电平,并且允许便携式CPE更大的电池寿命。还可以改善链路容限和信息容量,以便提供更高速服务和应用,诸如图像和视频。
如本领域技术人员将理解的,除了架空电力线之外,在本发明中可以采用许多其他类型的架空传输线,包括电话线、同轴馈线、G串线、波导等等。但是,因为利用广泛分布的现有基础结构的优势,电力线是用于本发明的分布式天线系统的优选支撑结构。
以下的列表不是穷举性的,其陈述本发明的分布式天线系统的几个主要的目的和优势。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种使用大容量架空电力线的分布式天线系统。
另一个目的是提供一种具有改善覆盖范围和空洞填充的分布式天线系统。
再一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其改善了用于固定或移动电话和信息设备以及服务的通信。
另一个目的是提供一种以比现有的系统更低的成本提供通信的分布式天线系统。
又一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其中传输是通过在单个电力线导体上使用表面波传输模式实现的。
再一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其在沿着电力线的许多的位置上提供局部无线接入。
另一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其降低或者消除了与附加基站或者DAS硬件的许可和获得有关的成本。
另一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其允许现有的用户设备工作而无需改进。
又一个目的是提供一种支持多种蜂窝标准的分布式天线系统。
另一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其中通信服务可以与蜂窝通信并行运行。
另一个目的是提供一种分布式天线系统,其比现有技术的解决方案更快和价格更低廉地部署。
又一个目的是提供一种利用更低的辐射电平的分布式天线系统。
最后,值得注意的是,虽然不是本发明的最后的目的和优点,本发明提供一种促进便携式CPE更大的电池寿命的分布式天线系统。
因此,已经大致地略述了本发明的进一步重要的特点,以便下面可以更好地理解下面的详细说明,以及更好地理解本发明对现有技术的贡献。在如下的描述中,将在某种程度上阐述本发明的额外的目的、优点和新颖的特点,并且在参阅以下的内容时,这些在某种程度上对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。此外,可以通过本发明的实践来获悉,或者可以利用尤其在所附的权利要求中指出的手段和组合来实现和获得上述的目的、优点和特点。
从以下的详细说明中,本发明的其他目的和优点对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见,其只是通过说明现在构思的实现本发明的最佳方式,示出和描述了本发明的优选实施例。如将意识到的,无需脱离本发明,本发明能够在各种各样的显而易见的方面中修改。因此,该优选实施例的附图和著述的描述实际上将被认为是说明性的,而不是作为限制性的。
附图说明
当考虑到以下本发明的分布式天线系统的详细说明的时候,本发明将更好地理解,并且以上阐述的那些之外的目的也将变得显而易见。本说明书参考一张附图,并对其简要地描述如下:
图1是本发明的分布式天线系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是举例说明使用架空电力线的新的和改进的分布式天线系统的示意图。本发明的系统包括二个功能面:传输和分布。传输涉及沿着线路的长度提供传输和维护系统信息容量的那部分系统。而分布涉及在沿着线路的一个或多个点上以及在端点上提供局部接入的那部分系统。
传输  本发明的传输功能是通过将架空电力线100的长度分解为一个或多个分段120、130来操作的。每个分段包括电力线的一个或多个跨距(span)140、150、160,在其各自的末端上具有支撑结构170、180、190、200。这些支撑结构典型地包括绝缘体201、202、203、204、205,横臂(cross arm)210和立杆220、230、240、250,或者其他物理固定的结构,以支持电力线的重量和将该电力线置于某种程度的机械张力之下。尽管通常具有垂曲形状并且在支撑260之间的区域中有些下垂,但是该张力导致线路通常与下面的地面平行。
每个分段其可以包括或者可以不包括一个以上的电力线的跨距,并且可以包括或者可以不包括中间支撑绝缘体202和诸多结构,每一分段在每个端上具有分段适配器设备(优选是,表面波适配器)300、301、302、303,其以表面波模式将电磁能耦合到电力线或耦合来自该电力线的电磁能,或者将电磁能耦合到电力线和耦合来自该电力线的电磁能,如在本发明的几个未决专利申请中描述的,这些申请如下:2002年5月13日申请的国际专利申请PCT/US02/15430,和2003年7月2日申请的相应美国专利申请10/250,625,名称皆为“用于信息传送和分布的装置和方法”;2003年12月9日申请的国际专利申请PCT/US03/39220,和2003年12月9日申请的相应美国专利申请10/732,080,名称皆为“用于发射表面波到单个导体传输线上的装置和方法”;和2005年5月20日申请的美国专利申请11/134,016,名称为“用于在无制约的电力线上发射表面波的系统”。公开了由本发明人发明的技术的所有的先前的专利申请被作为参考资料整体结合在此。
表面波适配器301可以耦合到作为另一分段的一部分的另一个表面波适配器302。可以经由同轴线缆或者光缆340连接到天线,或者任何其他类型的传播介质适配器。放大可以与适配器有关,以允许维持足够的信息信号/噪声功率比,确保整个系统信息容量,但是,放大器并不是必须的。优选实施例是在一个分段或者多个分段内设置足够频繁的周期性放大400,以便补偿沿着表面波系统到其位置维持的传输衰减。用于在每个放大器上提供动态调整的自动增益控制被作为系统管理的一部分而提供。这个周期性放大的目标是贯穿整个传送系统获得所希望的信息容量,并且保持其在由环境和系统因素所引起的衰减变化的范围上。上述的因素包括,但是不局限于,在电力线上的鸟或者动物、雨、雪、冰、风筝,或者在线路上其他的物品等等。
前端连接(head end connection)对于被称为蜂窝电话的便携式和移动电话的使用,在本发明的传输部分和中央通信设备500之间进行通信连接,该中央通信设备并不是本发明的一部分。这个设备可以是蜂窝基站或者其他的前端设备,其通常提供用于在DAS到外部点(或许世界范围)之间信息的通道(conduit)。这个设备有时称作施主。该施主设备可以包括某种级别的系统管理,并且其可以包括信号路由功能。
到前端设备600的连接可以通过利用天线610无线地或者通过有线方法进行。如果是通过有线方法进行,光纤是优选的方法,因为其可以提供与电力线的任何线路电位绝缘。
分布。本发明的分布部分被设置在沿着分段的长度的一个或多个点上,包括分段末端。分布通常随同传输功能一起在分段的末端上聚集在共同外壳中,但是这不是必须的。这个部分起着将在局部点上通信设备(在此处称为“用户”800)之间的信息引导到本发明的传输部分100的作用。这个部分的优选实施例使用可能以相同的物理结构安装在电力线上的天线900,其中用于传输的适配器和放大器被收容在该物理结构中。根据电力线高度,这个天线典型地是在高出地面10-20米高度上,并且非常好地适用于与可以在地面上或地面附近的本地用户的通信。所得到的在用户和局部天线700之间的无线路径具有比到如先前已经使用的更远的集中式基站的更长路径更好的质量。与在使用一个集中式基站的蜂窝系统中使用的更长路径相比,这个较短的路径具有更低的衰减(由于路径损耗)。因此,CPE可以以更低功率运行,可以支持更高信息容量的服务,或者两者都可以。该局部天线起着在其自己的紧邻区域附近产生“覆盖区”(coverage footprint)910的作用。可以布置多个且略微地重叠的“覆盖区”以提供连续的覆盖区域,其可以延伸相当大的距离。
对于使用频分以在基站到用户(正向信道)和用户到基站(反向信道)通信之间实现全双工操作的通常蜂窝电话系统,信息处理不是必需的,并且众所周知,可以在电力线天线上使用相对简单和廉价的硬件。
但是,滤波、放大、频率转换和甚至解调和再调制到使用不同协议的通信系统上可以通过使用公知的设备(其提供适宜的信号或者信号载波处理)包括以该局部天线。这些更复杂的方法还可以允许在本发明的传输和分布部分之间的频率或者隔离具有更大的容量的和改善局部管理的潜在益处。
因此,可以看到,在其最基本的方面中,本发明的分布式天线系统包括包括:传输部分,其包括至少一个架空电力线路,用于沿着该电力线的长度传送系统信息;和分布部分,其包括至少一个沿着电力线的长度安排的局部接入点,用于对由所述传输部分传输的信息提供局部接入。
已经充分地描述了本发明的一些实施例,许多其他的等效和可供选择的实施例对于那些本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这些和其他的等效及备选方案皆被包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims (36)

1.一种分布式天线系统,包括:
一个或多个分布点;和
至少一个架空电力线,用于沿着所述架空电力线的长度传输信息给所述一个或多个分布点。
2.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,包括用于双向传输信息的双工装置。
3.根据权利要求2的分布式天线系统,其中所述双工装置是至少一个双工器。
4.根据权利要求3的分布式天线系统,其中所述双工装置是用于双向传输和接收的电信协议。
5.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中能量以表面波模式沿着所述线传送。
6.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中所述系统是无源的,并且不包括要供电的电子部件。
7.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,进一步包括有源电子部件。
8.根据权利要求7的分布式天线系统,其中所述有源电子部件包括放大器。
9.根据权利要求7的分布式天线系统,其中所述有源电子部件包括滤波元件。
10.根据权利要求7的分布式天线系统,其中所述有源电子部件包括频率转换元件。
11.根据权利要求7的分布式天线系统,其中所述有源电子部件包括放大器、滤波器和频率转换元件。
12.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中所述系统在所述一个或多个分布点上具有局部接入天线。
13.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中所述系统利用通常的线路不连续性作为局部接入分布点。
14.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,进一步包括用于通过直接与一个或多个所述分布点通信来获得接入的通信设备。
15.根据权利要求14的分布式天线系统,其中所述通信设备是便携式的或者可移动的。
16.根据权利要求14的分布式天线系统,其中所述通信设备是固定的。
17.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中所述信息被经由多个信息信道传送。
18.根据权利要求17的分布式天线系统,其中所有的所述信息信道分布在每个分布点上。
19.根据权利要求17的分布式天线系统,其中所述信息信道的至少一个不分布在每个分布点上。
20.根据权利要求17的分布式天线系统,其中所述信息信道的至少一个被跨所述架空电力线的整个长度传输。
21.根据权利要求17的分布式天线系统,其中所述信道的某些继续传送信息给任意类型的不同系统。
22.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中在分布之前不解调信息。
23.根据权利要求1的分布式天线系统,其中在分布之前信息被解调和重新调制。
24.一种分布式天线系统,包括:
传输部分,其包括至少一个架空电力线,用于沿着所述电力线的长度传送系统信息;和
分布部分,其包括至少一个沿着所述电力线的长度布置的局部接入点,用于对由所述传输部分传输的信息提供局部接入。
25.根据权利要求24的分布式天线系统,其中所述电力线被分成一个或多个分段,所述分段的每个包括一个或多个电力线的跨距,并且所述跨距的每个在其各自的端上具有支撑结构。
26.根据权利要求25的分布式天线系统,其中所述跨距的每个是由一个或多个传输线支撑结构支撑的,该传输线支撑结构包括纵向支撑、横臂和绝缘体,用于将该跨距置于机械张力之下。
27.根据权利要求25的分布式天线系统,其中所述分段的每个在每个端上包括表面波适配器,其以表面波模式将电磁能耦合到该电力线、耦合来自该电力线的电磁能,或者将电磁能耦合到该电力线和耦合来自该电力线的电磁能。
28.根据权利要求27的分布式天线系统,其中所述表面波适配器的至少一个包括传播介质适配器,用于耦合到设置在所述分段的另一个内的另一个表面波适配器。
29.根据权利要求27的分布式天线系统,其中所述表面波适配器的至少一个包括用于维持信息信号/噪声功率比的放大器。
30.根据权利要求29的分布式天线系统,其中多个放大器沿着所述电力线在一个分段或者多个分段内足够频繁地分布,以便补偿沿着表面波系统维持的到其目的地的传输衰减。
31.根据权利要求30的分布式天线系统,进一步包括在所述放大器的每个上提供动态调整的自动增益控制。
32.根据权利要求24的分布式天线系统,进一步包括用于连接所述传输部分到蜂窝电话中央通信前端设备的连接装置。
33.根据权利要求32的分布式天线系统,其中所述连接装置是物理导体。
34.根据权利要求32的分布式天线系统,其中所述连接装置是天线。
35.根据权利要求24的分布式天线系统,其中所述分布部分包括安装在所述电力线上的天线。
36.根据权利要求24的分布式天线系统,其中所述分布部分包括从包含滤波器、放大器、频率转换器、调制器和解调器的组中选择出来的至少一种设备。
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