CN101056931A - 制备有机硅改性的聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备有机硅改性的聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101056931A CN101056931A CNA2005800382077A CN200580038207A CN101056931A CN 101056931 A CN101056931 A CN 101056931A CN A2005800382077 A CNA2005800382077 A CN A2005800382077A CN 200580038207 A CN200580038207 A CN 200580038207A CN 101056931 A CN101056931 A CN 101056931A
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- organosilicon
- vinyl
- polymerization
- organic
- monomer
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 alkyl carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methyl Nonanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC(O)=O OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxysilane Chemical compound COCCO[SiH3] WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012875 nonionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYGBQXDNOUHIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O=C.[O-]S[O-] VYGBQXDNOUHIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;dodecyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound [H+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ODNRTOSCFYDTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexan Natural products CC1CC(C)CC(C)C1 ODNRTOSCFYDTKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQWSBXWILISUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1[CH]C(C)CC(C)C1 LQWSBXWILISUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PITQFWWNUHMYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxycyclohexane Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)(C)C)CCC1OOC1CCC(C(C)(C)C)CC1 PITQFWWNUHMYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCN)=C(OC)C=C1Br YMHOBZXQZVXHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJRUAPNVLBABCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethenoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound C=COCC1CO1 JJRUAPNVLBABCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSWYGACWGAICNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound C=CCOCC1CO1 LSWYGACWGAICNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDGXZYRXRPWLOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoylamino)oxyacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CONC(=O)C=C NDGXZYRXRPWLOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxyperoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COOOCC(C)C GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTBPWOVBWKJVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethylhexylperoxymethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COOCC(CC)CCCC WTBPWOVBWKJVPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)CC1 FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polysiloxanes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备有机硅改性的、其聚合物水分散体或水再分散聚合物粉末形式的、烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的方法,其特征在于:A)通过一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体与具有烯键式不饱和基团的至少一种有机硅大单体的聚合来制备预聚物,并对其进行分离,B)将所得的预聚物溶解在一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体中,C)将该溶液在水中乳化,并按照自由基机理聚合,以及,如果适宜,D)将所得的有机硅改性的聚合物的水分散体干燥。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制备有机硅改性的、其聚合物水分散体或水再分散聚合物粉末形式的、烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的方法。
背景技术
用于制备有机硅改性的共聚物的聚合物分散体的各种方法在现有技术中是已知的。EP-A 771826公开了制备交联的有机硅共聚物胶乳的方法,其中,将水、单体、乳化剂和水溶性引发剂首先置于反应容器中,开始反应,然后将其它单体缓慢计量加入并使有机硅交联,该其它单体具有短链且是多不饱和的,并且是在最后与剩余单体一同加入的。
在EP-A 614924中,只有短链的有机硅大单体被用于乳液聚合中,因为相对长链的有机硅大单体不与有机单体产生明显聚合。包含可自由基聚合基团的有机硅与乙烯基单体各自在水相中乳化,然后聚合开始。US-A 6602949描述了有机硅-有机聚合物接枝聚合物的制备,其中具有树枝状结构、并具有烯键式不饱和基的支链短链的有机硅、烯键式不饱和单体和可自由基聚合的乳化剂在油溶性引发剂的存在下反应。短链有机硅大单体的树枝状结构改进了其与有机单体的共聚合。在比较例中,据显示长链有机硅大单体(不具有树枝状结构)与有机单体仅聚合至至多最大75%的程度,有大量未反应的有机硅大单体剩余下来。在EP-A 810243中,有机硅大单体与有机单体在乳液中聚合,仅专有地使用油溶性引发剂。采用油溶性引发剂引发的方法的缺点是所得分散体的不令人满意的稳定性,其表现出产生相分离的非常强烈的趋势。
US-A 5618879描述了有机硅大单体与在水中通过阴离子乳化剂乳化的单体的混合物的共聚合,聚合由水溶性引发剂的引发。在JP-A 05-140255中,将含有可自由基聚合基团的有机硅大单体溶于有机单体中,所形成的溶液在水中通过阴离子乳化剂乳化,而聚合由水溶性引发剂引发开始。这里,再次出现了可观部分的多于20%的有机硅大单体没有共聚合。
JP-A 09-052923描述了制备含有机硅的接枝聚合物的方法,其中使有机聚硅氧烷和烯键式不饱和硅烷的混合物聚合,随后将乙烯基单体两阶段地加入,以进行接枝。
在从现有技术已知的所有方法中,有机硅大单体与有机单体在乳液中的共聚合通常仅进行至不充分的程度。这导致游离的有机硅残存在分散体中,从而导致以下相关的缺点后果:有机硅从涂层或薄膜迁移、分散体可能会凝结、粒径分布不均匀。另外,产生相分离的趋势对储存稳定性也具有不利的影响。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供烯键式不饱和单体的有机硅改性的聚合物,其中有机硅组分的存在形式在很大程度上防止了游离有机硅的迁移。
本发明提供了一种制备有机硅改性的、其聚合物水分散体或水再分散聚合物粉末形式的、烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的方法,其特征在于:
A)通过一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体与具有烯键式不饱和基团的至少一种有机硅大单体的聚合来制备预聚物,并对其进行分离,
B)将所得的预聚物溶解在一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体中,
C)将该溶液在水中乳化,并按照自由基机理聚合,以及,如果适宜,
D)将所得的有机硅改性的聚合物的水分散体干燥。
就制备所述预聚物的烯键式不饱和单体而言,可以使用选自以下组中的一种或多种单体:具有1-15个碳原子的非支链或支链的烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有1-15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳族化合物、烯烃、二烯和乙烯基卤化物。通常,所述烯键式不饱和单体的用量在各种情况下为基于所述有机硅大单体和单体总重量的1-99重量%,优选40-95重量%。
适宜的乙烯基酯是具有1-15个碳原子的非支链或支链羧酸的乙烯基酯。优选的乙烯基酯是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、乙烯基-2-乙基己酸酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸1-甲基乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯,以及具有5-13个碳原子的α-支链单羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如VeoVa9R或VeoVa10R(决定性能产品的商品名)。特别优选的是乙酸乙烯酯。
适合的选自丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的单体是具有1-15个碳原子的非支链或支链的醇。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯和甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸降冰片酯。特别优选的是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯及丙烯酸降冰片酯。
适合的二烯是1,3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。可共聚合的烯烃的实例是乙烯和丙烯。就乙烯基芳族化合物而言,可以使苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯共聚合。作为代表性的乙烯基卤化物,通常可以使用氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯或氟乙烯,优选使用氯乙烯。
如果合适,另外可以用基于烯键式不饱和单体总重量0.05-30重量%的辅助单体共聚合。辅助单体的实例是烯键式不饱和的一元羧酸和二元羧酸或其盐,优选巴豆酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸和马来酸;烯键式不饱和羧酰胺和腈,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯,例如二乙酯和二异丙酯,以及马来酸酐;烯键式不饱和磺酸或其盐,优选乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺-3-甲基丙烷磺酸。其它合适的辅助单体是阳离子单体,例如二烯丙基甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)、3-三甲基氨丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺氯化物(MAPTAC)和2-三甲基氨乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯氯化物。也可以具有杂原子的乙烯基醚、乙烯基酮、其它乙烯基芳族化合物也适合于作为辅助单体。
另外适合的辅助性单体是可聚合的硅烷和巯基硅烷。优选的是γ-丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷或γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、α-甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基三、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基烷基二(烷氧基)硅烷和乙烯基三(烷氧基)硅烷,可以使用的烷氧基是例如甲氧基、乙氧基、甲氧基乙二醇醚基、乙氧基乙二醇醚基、甲氧基丙二醇醚基、或乙氧基丙二醇醚基。实例是乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(1-甲氧基)异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基-甲基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基甲基二氯硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙酰氧基乙烯基硅烷、3-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)丙基(琥珀酸酐)硅烷。优选的还有3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
其它的实例是官能化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯及官能化的烯丙基和乙烯基醚,尤其是环氧官能的化合物,例如丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、乙烯基缩水甘油醚,或羟烷基官能的化合物,例如(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯,或取代的或未取代的(甲基)丙烯酸氨基烷基酯,或环的单体,例如N-乙烯吡咯烷酮;或N-乙烯基甲酰胺。
合适的辅助单体的其它实例是预交联的共聚单体,例如多烯键式不饱和共聚单体,例如己二酸二乙烯酯、二乙烯基苯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、二丙烯酸丁二醇酯或氰脲酸三烯丙酯,或后交联的共聚单体,例如丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸(AGA)、甲基甲基丙烯酰氨基乙醇酸酯(MMAG)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、烷基醚,例如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺及N-羟甲基烯丙基氨基甲酸酯的异丁氧基醚或酯。
适于制备所述预聚物的有机硅大单体是具有至少10个硅氧烷重复单元和至少一个可自由基聚合的官能团的直链的、支链的、环的和三维交联的聚硅氧烷。所述链长优选为10-10 000个硅氧烷重复单元。烯键式不饱和基团如链烯基优选作为可聚合的官能团。
优选有机硅大单体是具有通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a的有机硅,其中基R是相同或不同的,并且各自是一价的、取代的或未取代的、在各种情况下具有1-18个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,R1是可聚合的基团,a是0或1,n=10~10 000。
在通式R1 aR3-aSiO(SiR2O)nSiR3-aR1 a中,基R的实例是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、1-正丁基、2-正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、己基如正己基、庚基如正庚基、辛基如正辛基和异辛基,例如2,2,4-三甲基戊基、壬基如正壬基、癸基如正癸基、十二基如正十二基、和十八基如正十八基;环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基、环庚基和甲基环己基。基R优选为具有1-6个碳原子的一价烃基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、戊基和己基,特别优选为甲基。
优选的烷氧基R是具有1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和正丁氧基,其可以另外由氧化烯基如氧化乙烯或氧化亚甲基取代。特别优选的是甲氧基和乙氧基。所提及的烷基和烷氧基也可以被取代,例如由卤素、巯基、环氧官能团、羧基、酮基、烯胺基、氨基、氨基乙基氨基、异氰酸根基、芳氧基、烷氧基甲硅烷基和羟基取代。
适宜的可聚合基团R1是具有2-8个碳原子的链烯基。这种可聚合基团的实例是乙烯基、烯丙基、丁烯基,以及丙烯酰氧基烷基和甲基丙烯酰氧基烷基,其中所述烷基含1-4个碳原子。优选的是乙烯基及3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基、丙烯酰氧基甲基和3-丙烯酰氧基丙基。
优选的是α,ω-二乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷、α,ω-二(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷。在仅由一个不饱和基团取代的有机硅中,优选的是α-单乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单(3-丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单(丙烯酰氧基甲基)聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷。在单官能的聚二甲基硅氧烷中,诸如甲基或丁基的烷基或烷氧基存在于链的另一末端。
优选的是,具有直链或支链的单乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷的直链或支链的二乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷和/或未官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷(后者没有可聚合的基团)的混合物。乙烯基基团位于链的末端。这种混合物的实例是得自Wacker-Chemie GmbH的、不含溶剂的Dehesive-6系列(支链的),或Dehesive-9系列(未支链的)有机硅。在二元或三元混合物中,在各种情况下以所述有机硅大单体的总重量计,未官能化的聚二烷基硅氧烷的比例至多为最大15重量%,优选至多5重量%;单官能的聚二烷基硅氧烷的比例至多为50重量%;双官能的聚二烷基硅氧烷的比例至少为50重量%,优选至少60重量%。
在EP-A 614924中描述的可聚合的有机硅大单体也是适宜的。
最优选的有机硅大单体是α,ω-二乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷、α-单(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷和α,ω-二(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)聚二甲基硅氧烷。
步骤A)中预聚物的制备通过自由基聚合方法进行,如本体聚合、在水性介质中的溶液聚合、悬浮聚合或乳液聚合。优选使用溶液聚合物方法和悬浮聚合方法。适宜的溶剂是酯,例如乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯;酮,例如丙酮和甲基乙基酮;醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇、异丁醇,或其混合物。
所述聚合优选在20℃-100℃、特别是40℃-80℃的温度下进行。具有烯键式不饱和基团的有机硅大单体的用量为在各种情况下基于有机硅大单体和烯键式不饱和单体总重量的1-99重量%,优选5-60重量%。通过自由基生成剂(引发剂)进行引发,其优选用量为基于所述有机硅大单体和单体总重量的0.01-5.0重量%。可以采用水溶性或油溶性引发剂,或它们的混合物。
适宜的水溶性引发剂是在正常条件下在水中的溶解度为≥10重量%的引发剂。实例是水溶性的无机过氧化物,例如铵、钠、钾的过氧二硫酸盐,或过氧化氢,无论是单独使用或与还原剂组合使用,还原剂如亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、甲醛合次硫酸氢钠或抗坏血酸。也可以使用水溶性有机过氧化物,例如叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)、氢过氧化枯烯,其通常与还原剂组合使用,或者还有水溶性偶氮化合物。
油溶性引发剂是在正常条件下在水中的溶解度为≤1重量%的引发剂。所使用的油溶性引发剂组的代表是叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己酸酯(TBPEH)、叔丁基过氧新戊酸酯(PPV)、叔丁基过氧新癸酸酯(TBPND)、过氧化二苯甲酰、叔戊基过氧新戊酸酯(TAPPI)、二(2-乙基己基)过氧二碳酸酯(EHPC)、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷和二(4-叔丁基环己基)过氧二碳酸酯。其它适宜的油溶性引发剂是偶氮引发剂,例如偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。
使用气体单体如乙烯和氯乙烯的共聚合在超级大气压下进行,通常在1-100巴绝对的范围内。
如果适宜,分子量可以用普通的调节剂进行调节,例如醇,如异丙醇;醛,例如乙醛;含氯化合物;硫醇,例如正十二基硫醇、叔十二基硫醇、巯基丙酸(酯)。为了设定pH,在分散体的制备中可以使用pH调节剂化合物,例如乙酸钠或甲酸。
如果聚合在水相中进行,则在步骤C)的描述中所涉及的乳化剂和保护胶也可用于稳定化的目的。
无论采用何种聚合方法,所述聚合可以在反应混合物的所有组分或单个组分在开始时进料的条件下进行,或反应混合物的部分组分在开始时进料,而其它量的组分或单个组分则计量加入,或通过进料流方法加入,无需进行初期进料。聚合结束后,分离预聚物。取决于聚合方法,分离可以采用已知的方法,通过过滤、沉淀或通过蒸馏除去溶剂来进行。
将由此得到的预聚物在接下来的步骤中溶解在一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体中。溶液中的预聚物的比例为基于所述有机硅大单体和烯键式不饱和单体总重量的5-60重量%。适宜的烯键式不饱和单体是选自以下组中的单体:具有1-15个碳原子的非支链或支链的烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有1-15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳族化合物、烯烃、二烯和乙烯基卤化物,其也已经在步骤A)中被提到,并且如果合适,也可以包括所述量的上述辅助单体。
优选的是乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯的混合物、乙酸乙烯酯和其它乙烯基酯的混合物,例如月桂酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、乙烯基2-乙基己酸酯、α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯、尤其Versatic酸的乙烯基酯(VeoVa9R、VeoVa10R),以及如果合适时的乙烯;乙烯基酯、乙烯和氯乙烯的混合物,优选的是乙酸乙烯酯和/或丙酸乙烯酯和/或一种或多种可共聚合的乙烯基酯,例如月桂酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、乙烯基2-乙基己酸酯、α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯,尤其是Versatic酸的乙烯基酯(VeoVa9R、VeoVa10R)存在作为乙烯基酯;
含有乙酸乙烯酯的乙烯基酯/丙烯酸酯混合物和/或月桂酸乙烯酯和/或Versatic酸的乙烯基酯与丙烯酸酯,尤其是丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,其可以另外地含有乙烯。
同样优选的是(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,以及它们的混合物,还有苯乙烯;苯乙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸酯的混合物,例如与丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的混合物;1,3-丁二烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯和/或苯乙烯的混合物。所提及的混合物可以另外包含以上所提及量的上述辅助单体。
所述预聚物和烯键式不饱和单体的溶液在水中乳化,并优选通过自由基机理使用乳液聚合的方法进行聚合。所述聚合通常在20℃-100℃的温度下进行。引发通过自由基形成基(引发剂)进行,其优选用量为基于所述有机硅有机共聚物和单体总重量的0.01-5.0重量%。可以采用水溶性或油溶性引发剂,或这种引发剂的混合物。适宜的水溶性和油溶性引发剂是以上所描述的那些引发剂。
为了是水分散体稳定,可以使用阴离子和非离子乳化剂,以及保护胶,这些能够包含可聚合的基团。优选的是使用非离子或阴离子乳化剂,特别优选是非离子和阴离子乳化剂的混合物。就非离子乳化剂而言,优选的是使用环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷与具有8-18个碳原子的直链或支链醇、烷基酚或者直链或支链的具有8-18个碳原子的羧酸的缩合产物,以及环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物。适宜的非离子乳化剂举例来说是烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基芳基硫酸盐以及环氧乙烷与直链或支链烷基醇缩合产物的硫酸盐或磷酸盐,这种缩合产物具有3-60个EO单元;烷基酚和磺基琥珀酸的单酯或二酯。乳化剂的量为基于所使用的单体和预聚物总重量的0.1-30重量%。
如果合适,保护胶也可以使用。合适的保护胶的实例是包含75-95摩尔%、优选84-92摩尔%的乙烯醇单元的聚乙烯醇;聚N-乙烯基酰胺,例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;多糖,例如淀粉和纤维素,以及它们的羧甲基、甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基的衍生物;合成聚合物,例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺。也可以使用聚乙二醇醚,例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、或含有环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷基团的混合的聚烯化氧。特别优选的是使用上述的聚乙烯醇。同样优选的是使用具有至少一个可聚合基团和不多于两个可聚合基团如乙烯基或烯丙基的聚烯化氧。所述保护胶的用量通常为基于所使用的单体和预聚物总重量0.1-30重量%。
如果适宜,分子量可以用普通的调节剂进行调节,例如醇,如异丙醇;醛,例如乙醛;含氯化合物;硫醇,例如正十二基硫醇、叔十二基硫醇、巯基丙酸(酯)。为了设定pH,在分散体的制备中可以使用pH调节剂化合物,例如乙酸钠或甲酸。
无论聚合方法如何,所述聚合可以在存在或不存在种子胶乳下进行,反应混合物的所有组分或单个组分在开始时进料,或反应混合物的部分组分在开始时进料,而其它量的组分或单个组分则计量加入,或通过进料流方法加入,无需进行初期进料。预聚物则总是以溶液加入单体中。
所述乳化剂和保护胶可以在开始时进料以制备分散体,或可以计量进料,或者其部分可以在开始时加入,而剩余的部分则进料加入。这里,表面活性物质可以单独加入,或与含有预聚物溶解于其中的共聚单体作为预制乳液加入。
在气体单体如乙烯的共聚合中,通过设定特定的压力将所需要的量加入。加入气体单体的压力可以在开始时设定于特定值,并且可以在聚合期间下降,或在整个聚合期间保持压力不变。后面的实施方案为优选。
在聚合结束后,后聚合可以通过已知方法进行,以除去残余单体,例如借助于通过氧化还原催化剂引发的后聚合。所述分散体的挥发性残余单体及其它的挥发份、非水成分也可以通过蒸馏去掉,优选在减压下,并且如果合适,使惰性共沸剂气体如空气、氮气或水蒸汽经过或越过分散体。
通过本发明的方法可以得到的水分散体的固含量为20-70重量%,优选25-65重量%。所述固含量也可通过在乳液聚合结束后加入水来设定。为了制备水可再分散的聚合物粉末,可以在加入保护胶作为雾化助剂后,如果合适,通过例如流化床干燥、冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥来干燥水分散体。分散体优选通过喷雾干燥。喷雾干燥可以在常规的喷雾干燥装置中借助于单流体、双流体或多流体喷嘴或借助于转盘进行雾化来进行。出口温度通常在45℃-120℃,优选为60℃-90℃,其取决于所述装置、树脂的Tg及所要求的干燥度。通常,雾化助剂的总用量为基于所述分散体的聚合物组分的3-30重量%。适宜的雾化助剂是以上所提及的保护胶。据发现含量为基于基础聚合物的至多1.5重量%的消泡剂通常是有利于雾化的。为了提高结块稳定性,可以向得到的粉末提供抗结块剂(防粘剂),其优选量为基于聚合物组分总重量的至多30重量%、抗结块剂的实例是碳酸钙或碳酸镁、滑石、石膏、硅石、高岭土、硅酸盐等。
本发明的过程使得可以得到含有共聚物的有机硅,其中所有的有机硅化合物都与有机组分相结合,而这可通过预聚物的分别制备得到保证。由此方法得到的分散体具有一系列的优点:有利的粒度分布、储存稳定、没有相分离、没有有机硅的渗出、没有斑点形成和优异的成膜性。得到了不会弄脏并具有高的粘合性及有利的机械性能的薄膜。
从与有机聚合物的基体,以预先形成的有机硅有机共聚物形式的有机硅可以展现出其作用,例如,其可以导致隔离行为和疏水性行为。有机硅有机共聚物的作用也可以通过热活化而形成。
以其水分散体和可水再分散粉末形式的共聚物适宜用于粘合剂、涂料组合物、以及作为用于例如金属、薄膜、木材的保护性涂层,或作为用于纸张处理的隔离涂层,例如用于薄纱纸,作为粘结剂用于纤维或其它微粒状材料的整固。它们也可以用于织物领域中,以用于织物处理、涂布、织物修整,以及用于纺织品护理的领域。它们也适于作为改性剂及作为疏水化试剂。它们还可以有利地用于磨光(polishe)领域。另外,所述分散体可以用作脱模剂。它们也适宜作为粘结剂而用于油漆、粘合剂和涂料组合物的建筑领域中,例如在瓷砖粘合剂和热封粘合剂,以及特别是用于低挥发性的塑性乳胶漆和塑性乳胶粉底(render),两者都用于内墙和外墙用途。它们也可以用作添加剂,例如用于表面涂料组合物中,以及在化妆品配制物如发胶、发乳、头发洗剂或洗发香波中。此外,以其水分散体和可水再分散粉末形式的共聚物适宜作为粘结剂用于制备有机硅改性的调色剂颗粒的调色剂中。
以下实施例的作用是举例说明本发明,而不是以任何方式限制它。
具体实施方式
预聚物的制备:
实施例a):通过溶液聚合制备预聚物:
组成:33重量%的聚二甲基硅氧烷和67重量%的乙酸乙烯酯
将51.05kg乙酸乙酯、8.01kg异丙醇、983.4gα,ω-二乙烯基官能化的具有133个SiOMe2重复单元的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Wacker的有机硅大单体VIPO 300)、51.3g过新戊酸叔丁酯(引发剂PPV)和2.00kg乙酸乙烯酯置于120L的搅拌容器中,该搅拌容器装配有锚式搅拌器、回流冷凝器和计量装置。然后在95rpm的搅拌速度下将搅拌容器加热至70℃。在内部温度达到70℃后,开始以819.0g/h的速度加入引发剂溶液(4.03kg的乙酸乙酯和199.3g PPV)。在计量加入引发剂开始后10分钟,以5.97kg/h的速度加入单体(7.88kg的Wacker的有机硅大单体VIPO 300和15.99kg乙酸乙烯酯)。计量加入引发剂持续310分钟,而计量加入单体早60分钟结束。在两种计量进料结束后,在70℃下继续进行聚合另外120分钟。随后得到的一个相的聚合物溶液在所述搅拌容器中在95℃下通过加入1000ml水来稀释,再随后在120℃下干燥1小时。冷却至室温后,得到了一种透明的树脂。
分析:有机硅有机共聚物的组成根据1H-NMR光谱进行分析:33重量%的有机硅和67重量%的乙酸乙烯酯;SC:99.90%,GC分析:残余VAc含量<5ppm;残余乙酸乙酯:45ppm;残余异丙醇10ppm,酸值:1.80mgKOH/g,粘度(Hppler,在乙酸乙酯中10%浓度的溶液)=1.16mPas;SEC Mw=21 700g/mol,Mn=4530g/mol,多分散指数=4.79;Tg=24.3℃。
1H-NMR光谱表明,有机硅有机共聚物中不再存在任何游离双键。因此,所有的有机硅大单体已经与有机单体共聚合,不再存在游离的有机硅。
实施例b):通过悬浮聚合制备预聚物
组成:30.0重量%的聚二甲基硅氧烷(有机硅)、70.0重量%的苯乙烯
将237.35kg去离子水、771.94g乙酸铜(1%浓度的水溶液)和10.29kg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(5%浓度的水溶液)置于500L的搅拌容器中,该搅拌容器装配有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、计量装置、加热装置(具有温控器),并连通氮气。将溶液在100rpm下搅拌。同时,制备15.42kgα-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基官能化的具有11个SiOMe2重复单元的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Chisso FM0711)和15.42kgα-甲基丙烯酰氧基官能化的具有63个SiOMe2重复单元的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Chisso FM 0721)及71.95 kg苯乙烯的混合物。将两种不同引发剂的混合物加入该单体混合物中。使用的引发剂是1.80kg过氧新癸酸叔丁酯(在脂族化合物中95重量%;64℃时的半衰期t1/2=1h)和1.75kg过新戊酸叔丁酯(在脂族化合物中75重量%;74℃时的半衰期t1/2=1h)。将含有引发剂的单体混合物在室温下简单搅拌,然后缓慢加入搅拌容器中的水性原料中。将容器中所含物质在100rpm下搅拌混合,使得单体悬浮在水中。随后将温度升高至55℃,并保持4小时。然后以0.1℃/min的升温幅度将温度升高至60℃,并保持4小时。然后再以0.1℃/min的升温幅度将反应混合物的温度升高至65℃。在该温度下保持4小时。然后再次以0.1℃/min的升温幅度将反应混合物加热至70℃。在该温度下保持4小时。然后以0.1℃/min的升温幅度将温度升高至75℃,并保持4小时。为了完成聚合,将温度升高至80℃,并保持2小时。对反应混合物用蒸汽进行处理,以驱赶出挥发性化合物,最后将其冷却至室温。通过过滤步骤将得到的珠粒与悬浮介质分开,即与水分开。多次用水洗涤所述珠粒,然后干燥。得到了高度透明的硬质珠粒。
分析:组成根据1H-NMR光谱进行分析:30.0重量%的有机硅,70.0重量%苯乙烯。分子量Mw(GPC测得的重均分子量;洗脱液:THF):312 000g/mol(基于聚苯乙烯标准物);多分散指数D:6.5;玻璃化转变温度Tg(DSC测得):68℃。
1H-NMR光谱表明,有机硅有机共聚物中不再存在任何游离双键。因此,所有的有机硅大单体已经与有机单体共聚合,不再存在游离的有机硅。
聚合物分散体的制备:
使用的原料:
Mersolat K30:烷基中具有12-14个碳原子的烷基磺酸钠。
Genapol X050:具有5个EO的C13羰基合成醇乙氧基化物。
Texapon K12:十二烷基硫酸钠。
Genapol PF80:具有80%EO的EO-PO嵌段共聚物。
Brüggolith:甲醛合次硫酸氢钠(还原剂)。
聚乙烯醇W25/140:粘度为25mPas(20℃,4%浓度的溶液,由Hppler方法测量),并且皂化值为140(mg KOH/g聚合物)(水解度=88摩尔%)。
实施例1:
将622.0g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、155.5g GenapolPF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、11.47g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器和计量装置。将预先制备的组成为33重量%的有机硅和67重量%的乙酸乙烯酯(在实施例a)中制备)的311.0g有机硅有机共聚物和2.62g Trigonox 23(过氧新癸酸叔丁酯(在脂族化合物中浓度:95重量%)在311.0g乙酸乙烯酯中的溶液加入其中。该初始进料在300rpm下搅拌。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。随后将容器加热至60℃。在300rpm的搅拌下保持该60℃温度2小时。聚合结束后,用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,随后加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。在包装前用185g水稀释分散体。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:44.2%;pH:4.1;布氏粘度20(轴7):28 200 mPas;MFT:10℃;玻璃化转变温度Tg:19.2℃;平均粒度:1653.5nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn(数均粒度)=0.479μm;Dv(体均粒度)=0.839μm;表面积=8.5m2/g。
实施例2:
将622.0g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、146.0g GenapolPF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、10.77g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器。将预先制备的组成为33重量%的有机硅和67重量%的乙酸乙烯酯(在实施例a)中制备)的292.0g有机硅有机共聚物在292.0g乙酸乙烯酯中的溶液加入其中。该初始进料在300rpm下搅拌。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。随后将容器加热至60℃,并在300rpm下搅拌。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以12.4g/h的速度将8.7%浓度的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)水溶液和32.8g/h的速度将4.92%浓度的Brüggolith溶液加入。该两种计量进料持续2小时。TBHP和Brüggolith计量进料结束后,将反应混合物保持在60℃下1小时。聚合结束后,用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,随后加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:45.8%;pH:3.9;布氏粘度20(轴7):83 000mPas;MFT:6℃;玻璃化转变温度Tg:20.2℃;平均粒度:557.7nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.268μm;Dv=0.810μm;表面积=10.8m2/g。
实施例3:
将116.74g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、29.18g GenapolPF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、2.22g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器。将预先制备的组成为70.0重量%的苯乙烯和30.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的23.35g有机硅有机共聚物在93.4g乙酸乙烯酯中的溶液加入其中。该初始进料在300rpm下搅拌。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。随后将容器加热至60℃。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以5.72g/h的速度将8.7%浓度的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)溶液和以15.15g/h的速度将4.94%浓度的Brüggolith溶液加入。20分钟后,开始以353.3g/h的速度加入(计量加入预制乳液)以下混合物(以预制乳液的形式):150.0g水、467.0g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、116.74g Genapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、8.87gMersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)和预先制备的组成为70.0重量%的苯乙烯和30.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的93.4g有机硅有机共聚物在373.6g乙酸乙烯酯中的溶液。在反应期间,以300rpm搅拌混合物。计量加入预制乳液的总加料时间是3小时。计量加入预制乳液结束后,继续加入TBHP和Brüggolith 1小时。随后用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,并加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:43.4%;pH:4.3;布氏粘度20(轴7):7900mPas;玻璃化转变温度Tg:Tg1=25.1℃,Tg2=66.3℃(非常低);平均粒度:438.8nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.339μm;Dv=0.521μm;表面积=16.3m2/g。
实施例4:
将97.95g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、4.49g GenapolPF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、1.86g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器。将预先制备的组成为70.0重量%的苯乙烯和30.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的19.59g有机硅有机共聚物在78.36g甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的溶液加入其中。该初始进料在200rpm下搅拌。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。随后将容器加热至60℃。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以4.8g/h的速度将8.7%浓度的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)溶液和以12.7g/h的速度将4.92%浓度的Brüggolith溶液加入。20分钟后,开始以370g/h的速度加入(计量加入预制乳液)以下混合物(以预制乳液的形式):225.29g水、391.81g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、97.95g Genapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、7.44gMersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)和预先制备的组成为70.0重量%苯乙烯和30.0重量%有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的78.36g有机硅有机共聚物在313.45g甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的溶液。在反应期间,以200rpm搅拌混合物。计量加入预制乳液的总加料时间是3小时。计量加入预制乳液结束后,继续加入TBHP和Brüggolith 1小时。随后用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,并加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。在包装前用200g水稀释分散体。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:33.0%;pH:5.1;布氏粘度20(轴5):12 240mPas;玻璃化转变温度Tg:Tg1=68.3℃(low),Tg2=104.1℃(高);平均粒度:637.2nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.115μm;Dv=26.25μm;表面积=9.06m2/g。
实施例5:
将91.55g水、91.55g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、22.89g Genapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、1.74g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器。将预先制备的组成为67.0重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和33.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例a)中制备)的18.31g有机硅有机共聚物在73.24g甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的溶液加入其中。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。该初始进料在200rpm下搅拌。随后将容器加热至60℃。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以4.5g/h的速度将8.7%浓度的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)溶液和以11.9g/h的速度将4.92%浓度的Brüggolith溶液加入。20分钟后,开始以346.7g/h的速度加入(计量加入预制乳液)以下混合物(以预制乳液的形式):210.56g水、366.19g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、91.55g Genapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、6.96g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)和预先制备的组成为67.0重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和33.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例a)中制备)的73.24g有机硅有机共聚物在292.95g甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的溶液。在反应期间,以200rpm搅拌混合物。计量加入预制乳液的总加料时间是3小时。计量加入预制乳液结束后,继续加入TBHP和Brüggolith 1小时。随后用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,并加入HydorolW作为防腐剂。在包装前用200g水稀释分散体。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:32.2%;pH:4.9;布氏粘度20(轴4):5650mPas;玻璃化转变温度Tg:81.3℃(broad);平均粒度:1295.1nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.104μm;Dv=32.41μm;表面积=5.39m2/g。
实施例6:
将91.55g水、91.55g W25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、22.89gGenapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、1.74g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)置于2L的搅拌装置中,该搅拌装置配有锚式搅拌器。将预先制备的组成为70.0重量%的苯乙烯和30.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的18.31g有机硅有机共聚物在36.62g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和36.62丙烯酸丁酯中的溶液加入其中。该初始进料在200rpm下搅拌。用10%浓度的甲酸将pH调节至5-5.5。随后将容器加热至60℃。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以4.5g/h的速度将8.7%浓度的TBHP(叔丁基过氧化氢)溶液和以11.88g/h的速度将4.92%浓度的Brüggolith溶液加入。20分钟后,开始以346.7g/h的速度加入(计量加入预制乳液)以下混合物(以预制乳液形式):210.56g水、366.19g W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、91.55g Genapol PF 80(20%浓度的水溶液)、6.96g Mersolat K30(30%浓度的水溶液)和预先制备的组成为70.0重量%的苯乙烯和30.0重量%的有机硅(在实施例b)中制备)的73.24g有机硅有机共聚物在146.48g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和146.48丙烯酸丁酯中的溶液。在反应期间,以200rpm搅拌混合物。计量加入预制乳液的总加料时间是3小时。计量加入预制乳液结束后,继续加入TBHP和Brüggolith 1小时。随后用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,并加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。得到了均匀稳定的分散体。
分散体分析:
固含量:37.54%;pH:4.9;布氏粘度20(轴4):12 300mPas;玻璃化转变温度Tg:10.4℃;平均粒度:841.4nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.257μm;Dv=1.643μm;表面积=11.8m2/g。
比较例7:
将1.29kg水、2.67kg W 25/140(聚乙烯醇,10%浓度的水溶液)、101.55g Genapol X 050(100%浓度)、115.66g Texapon K12(10%浓度的水溶液)、4.19g乙酸钠、641.34g乙酸乙烯酯和427.56g α,ω-二乙烯基官能化的具有133个SiOMe2重复单元的聚二甲基硅氧烷(Wacker的有机硅大单体VIPO 300)置于20L的高压釜中。用10%的甲酸将pH调节至5。另外加入10ml Trilon B(EDTA;2%浓度的水溶液)和31ml硫酸铁铵(1%浓度的溶液)。将容器加热至70℃,并以8巴的氮气加压。一旦反应器处于热平衡,就以84g/h的速度加入5.8%浓度的过硫酸铵溶液(APS溶液),和以176g/h的速度加入2.68%浓度的亚硫酸钠溶液。25分钟后,开始以2140g/h的速度加入(计量加入单体)以下混合物:2.57kg乙酸乙烯酯和1.71kg VIPO 300。同时,以625g/h的计量速度加入乳化剂混合物。该乳化剂混合物包括385.32g水、406.18g Genapol X 050和462.62g TexaponK12(10%浓度的水溶液)。计量加入单体和计量加入乳化剂的总加料时间是2小时。反应开始后20分钟,加入APS溶液的速度增至126g/h,加入亚硫酸钠的速度增至262g/h。计量加入单体和计量加入乳化剂结束后,继续加入APS和亚硫酸钠1小时。撤去压力后,用蒸汽处理分散体(汽提),以使残余单体含量最小化,随后加入Hydorol W作为防腐剂。
分散体分析:
固含量:50.5%;pH:5.3;布氏粘度20(轴4):1040mPas;MFT:0℃;玻璃化转变温度Tg:18.4℃;平均粒度:452.5nm(Nanosizer);Coulter:Dn=0.124μm;Dv=1.697μm;表面积=14.7m2/g。
Soxhlet萃取:完全蒸发洗脱液的残余物1.94g=38.8%(由5g干燥的分散体薄膜用环己烷萃取得到)。
比较例7表明,在此情况下为乙酸乙烯酯与有机硅大单体的常规乳液聚合导致有机硅大单体与有机单体不充分的结合,这也描述在文献中。这里,可以在萃取中从干燥的分散体薄膜洗涤出38.8%的组分。1H-NMR的光谱显示,这里可萃取的组分主要是游离的有机硅大单体。本发明的方法消除了该问题及所有由此而导致的缺点。本发明的方法保证有机单体完全与有机硅大单体结合,即,游离的有机硅不再存在。这是通过在聚合前分别制备有机硅有机共聚物而得以实现的。
Claims (11)
1.一种制备有机硅改性的、其聚合物水分散体或水再分散聚合物粉末形式的、烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的方法,其特征在于:
A)通过一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体与具有烯键式不饱和基团的至少一种有机硅大单体的聚合来制备预聚物,并对其进行分离,
B)将所得的预聚物溶解在一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体中,
C)将该溶液在水中乳化,并按照自由基机理聚合,以及,如果适宜,
D)将所得的有机硅改性的聚合物的水分散体干燥。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:在步骤A)和B)中使用的烯键式不饱和单体是选自以下组中的一种或多种单体:具有1-15个碳原子的非支链或支链的烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有1-15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳族化合物、烯烃、二烯和乙烯基卤化物。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于:在步骤A)中使用的有机硅大单体是选自以下组中的有机硅大单体:具有至少10个硅氧烷重复单元和至少一个可自由基聚合的官能团的直链的、支链的、环的和三维交联的聚硅氧烷。
4.权利要求1-3之一的方法,其特征在于:在步骤A)中预聚物的制备通过自由基溶液聚合进行。
5.权利要求1-3之一的方法,其特征在于:在步骤A)中预聚物的制备通过自由基悬浮聚合进行。
6.权利要求1-5之一的方法,其特征在于:使用乳液聚合方法的自由基聚合在步骤C)中进行。
7.通过权利要求1-6之一的方法得到的其聚合物水分散体或水再分散聚合物粉末形式的、有机硅改性的烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物。
8.权利要求7的有机硅改性的聚合物用于粘合剂中、用于涂料组合物中、作为用于纤维或其它微粒状材料整固的粘结剂、用于织物领域中、作为改性剂及作为疏水化试剂的用途。
9.权利要求7的有机硅改性的聚合物作为粘结剂在用于油漆、粘合剂和涂料组合物的建筑领域中的用途。
10.权利要求7的有机硅改性的聚合物作为添加剂在表面涂料组合物和在化妆品配制物中的用途。
11.权利要求7的有机硅改性的聚合物作为粘结剂在用于制备有机硅改性的调色剂颗粒的调色剂中的用途。
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DE102004053314A DE102004053314A1 (de) | 2004-11-04 | 2004-11-04 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Silikon modifizierten Polymerisaten |
DE102004053314.8 | 2004-11-04 |
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US (1) | US20090104238A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1807471A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008519114A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20070084629A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101056931A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0517779A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102004053314A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200635966A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006048133A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104869975A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-08-26 | 日本合成化学工业株式会社 | 整发剂用丙烯酸系树脂乳液和含有其的整发剂、以及整发方法 |
WO2017054268A1 (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | 南通瑞普埃尔生物工程有限公司 | 多元共聚锈转化底漆专用水性防腐乳液及其制备方法 |
CN110482912A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 基于有机硅化合物的可交联组合物及由其生产的模塑体 |
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EP2081971A2 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2009-07-29 | Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A. | Polymer compositions |
CN101616943A (zh) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-12-30 | 联合利华公司 | 涉及支化有机-无机聚合物的改进 |
DE102007058713A1 (de) | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-10 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Silicon(meth-)acrylat-Partikel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
DE102010001528A1 (de) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH, 45127 | Neue Partikel und Kompositpartikel, deren Verwendungen und ein neues Verfahren zu deren Herstellung aus Alkoxysilylgruppen tragenden Alkoxylierungsprodukten |
EP2601228B1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2018-09-12 | Basf Se | Multivinyl siloxane oligomer-based polymer dispersions and methods of preparing and using same |
TWI530509B (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2016-04-21 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Cationic (meth) acrylic acid polysiloxane graft copolymer and cosmetics containing the same |
DE102013226568A1 (de) | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Evonik Industries Ag | Silicon(meth-)acrylat-Partikel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
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US4759991A (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1988-07-26 | Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium having a lubricating coating layer |
JP2666030B2 (ja) * | 1992-09-21 | 1997-10-22 | 昭和高分子株式会社 | 水性シリコーン系グラフト共重合体エマルジョンの製造方法 |
FR2707991B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-09-15 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Dispersions aqueuses de polyorganosiloxanes fonctionnalisés greffés, leur procédé de préparation et leur utilisation pour la réalisation de compositions silicones durcissables. |
JP3410473B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-19 | 2003-05-26 | 東洋インキ製造株式会社 | 水性樹脂分散体およびその製造方法 |
US6367929B1 (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2002-04-09 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Hydrogel with internal wetting agent |
US6447969B1 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2002-09-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner and image forming method |
JP2002256035A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-09-11 | Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co Ltd | ビニル系共重合体エマルジョンおよび塗料添加剤 |
-
2004
- 2004-11-04 DE DE102004053314A patent/DE102004053314A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-10-20 CN CNA2005800382077A patent/CN101056931A/zh active Pending
- 2005-10-20 US US11/718,647 patent/US20090104238A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-20 BR BRPI0517779-0A patent/BRPI0517779A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-20 WO PCT/EP2005/011301 patent/WO2006048133A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-10-20 KR KR1020077012330A patent/KR20070084629A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-10-20 JP JP2007539490A patent/JP2008519114A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-20 EP EP05806523A patent/EP1807471A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-02 TW TW094138357A patent/TW200635966A/zh unknown
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104869975A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-08-26 | 日本合成化学工业株式会社 | 整发剂用丙烯酸系树脂乳液和含有其的整发剂、以及整发方法 |
CN104869975B (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2018-09-07 | 日本合成化学工业株式会社 | 整发剂用丙烯酸系树脂乳液和含有其的整发剂、以及整发方法 |
CN110482912A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 基于有机硅化合物的可交联组合物及由其生产的模塑体 |
WO2017054268A1 (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-06 | 南通瑞普埃尔生物工程有限公司 | 多元共聚锈转化底漆专用水性防腐乳液及其制备方法 |
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US20090104238A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
KR20070084629A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
BRPI0517779A (pt) | 2008-10-21 |
TW200635966A (en) | 2006-10-16 |
EP1807471A1 (de) | 2007-07-18 |
JP2008519114A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
DE102004053314A1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
WO2006048133A1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
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