CN101043239B - System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna - Google Patents
System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN101043239B CN101043239B CN2007100972395A CN200710097239A CN101043239B CN 101043239 B CN101043239 B CN 101043239B CN 2007100972395 A CN2007100972395 A CN 2007100972395A CN 200710097239 A CN200710097239 A CN 200710097239A CN 101043239 B CN101043239 B CN 101043239B
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- direct current
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- demodulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a offset T type head that comprises the first port, the second port, the third port, blocking condenser, the first inductance, the second inductance, modem, thereinto, the second inductance is used to connect the first port, the second port transmits said direct current; the invention also provides a system which controls antenna that comprises electricity controlled antenna drive motor unit, electricity controlled antenna, tower top amplifier, offset T type head and base station; according to the offset T type head of the invention, when the non- electricity controlled antenna is updated to the electricity controlled antenna, there is no need to be instead of STMA, so the cost is decreased, the electricity controlled antenna controller is not added, and the technique problem of poor applicability using electricity controlled antenna controller can be avoided, and the base station do not need to provide connection port, without longer cable, the amount of work is decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, relate in particular to the system of a kind of biasing T-shaped head and control antenna.
Background technology
SBT (Smart Bias Tee, intelligent bias T shape head) is a kind of device that can cooperate realization electrical tilt antenna function with electrical tilt antenna and RCU (Remote Control Unit, electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit).See also Fig. 1, introduce the structure of standard SBT below in detail, referring to Fig. 1, standard SBT comprises:
Port1101, this port is connected with Port2102 by capacitance 106, carries out radio signal transmission;
Port2102 is connected with capacitance 106, inductance 104, this port transmission control signal and direct current;
RS475/OOK modulator-demodulator 105 is transferred to Port3103 after the control signal processing with Port1101, Port2102;
Port3103 carries control signal and direct current to the drive motor unit of electrical tilt antenna.
During energising, direct current enters SBT from Port (port) 2102, and the Port3 power pin from AISG (AntennaInterface Standards Group) interface flows out then, for RCU provides direct current.Port1101 does not have direct current and flows into, because it connects antenna opening, need cut off direct current fully.
The system that utilizes SBT to realize that electricity is transferred connects sees Fig. 2.Comprise in the whole system: antenna 201, SBT202, RCU203 and base station 204.Wherein, the Port1101 of SBT202 connects antenna 201, and Port2102 is connected with base station 204 by feeder line, and direct current flows into Port3103 by Port2102; Port3103 is connected to RCU203, and RCU203 can be by the working condition of control signal control antenna 201, and base station 204 also is connected with antenna 201 by feeder line.
In the antenna reponse system of base station if use electrical tilt antenna and tower to put simultaneously, common TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier, tower amplifier, be called for short " tower is put ") can not use, can only use STMA (Smart Tower Mounted Amplifier, AISG TMA, intelligent tower amplifier).Reason is the interface that general T MA is not connected with electrical tilt antenna, and STMA has this interface, therefore can be with the electrical tilt antenna cooperating.
Original base station is used common antenna and is used the base station antenna system of electrical tilt antenna to contrast as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the base station antenna system that Fig. 3 uses with common antenna for TMA, and this system comprises antenna 301, TMA302 and base station 303; TMA302 is connected transmission signals with antenna 301 with base station 303 by two feeder lines respectively.Fig. 4 upgrades to the base station antenna system of using together by STMA behind the electrical tilt antenna, and this system comprises: electrical tilt antenna 401, RCU402, STMA403 and base station 404; STMA403 is connected with RCU402, transmission of control signals and direct current; Be connected with base station 404 with electrical tilt antenna 401 by two feeder lines respectively again, communicate
But under many situations, the base station antenna feeder system that builds up has in early days used non-electrical tilt antenna and common TMA, when it needs upgrading to become electrical tilt antenna, because original general T MA can't support electrical tilt antenna, so need it be replaced with STMA, cause very big waste.Because TMA and STMA are the devices of comparison costliness, so the cost of replacing is very high, uneconomical.
For some base station systems, owing to there not be the STMA that is fit to, can only use general T MA, need under the situation that general T MA and electrical tilt antenna use together the mode that prior art adopts electrical tilt antenna to control separately.As shown in Figure 5, this system comprises: electrical tilt antenna 501, RCU502, TMA503, electrical tilt antenna controller 504 and base station 505.This scheme is used on the basis of TMA at Fig. 3, used an electrical tilt antenna controller 504, this controller is connected with base station 505 with the RCU502 of electrical tilt antenna respectively by control cable, the DC power supply of the control signal that base station 505 sends and RCU502 needs offers RCU502 by electrical tilt antenna controller 504 by control cable, can realize the control to electrical tilt antenna 501 like this.
Usually the base station provides an interface that is connected with the electrical tilt antenna controller, is connected with controller by a root interface cable, can realize the control of base station to electrical tilt antenna like this.But there is following defective in this scheme:
1, owing to need to use the electrical tilt antenna controller, this controller all has certain requirement to installation environment and condition of work, so the applicability of this scheme is poor;
2, the electrical tilt antenna controller need be connected with the base station, therefore requires the base station that connecting interface is provided, and the base station that has possibly can't provide this interface, so this scheme is subjected to the constraint of base station condition, versatility is limited;
3, because the length of control cable is long usually, the workload of installation is relatively big.
Summary of the invention
Cost height when embodiments of the invention reach the upgrading electrical tilt antenna for solving, perhaps after escalating into electrical tilt antenna at the bottom of the applicability, the relatively big technical problem of workload of limited, the installation of versatility, provide following technical scheme to realize:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of biasing T-shaped head, comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, capacitance, first inductance, second inductance, modulator-demodulator;
Described first port is used for by the described capacitance and the second port transmission radiofrequency signal; By described second inductance and the second port transmission direct current;
Described capacitance is used to connect first port, second port, transmits described radiofrequency signal;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described first inductance, an end is connected with the described capacitance and second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Described modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
Described second inductance is used to connect first port, and second port transmits described direct current;
Described the 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to export control signal and direct current.
Also a kind of biasing T-shaped head of the embodiment of the invention comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, inductance, capacitance, modulator-demodulator;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described capacitance is used to connect first port, second port, transmits described radiofrequency signal;
Described inductance, an end is connected with the described capacitance and second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Described modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
Described the 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to export control signal and direct current;
Described first port is used for by the described capacitance and the second port transmission radiofrequency signal; Be connected with the 3rd port, receive the direct current of the 3rd port transmission.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of biasing T-shaped head, comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, inductance, modulator-demodulator;
Described first port is used to receive the direct current from second port, and with the second port transmission radiofrequency signal;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described inductance, an end is connected with first port, second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
The 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to export control signal and direct current.
On the basis of using above-mentioned biasing T-shaped head, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of system of control antenna, and this system comprises: electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit, electrical tilt antenna, tower amplifier, biasing T-shaped head and base station;
Described electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit is used to receive biasing T-shaped head control signals transmitted and direct current; Be connected with electrical tilt antenna, the angle of declination of electrical tilt antenna controlled according to the content of the control signal that receives;
Described electrical tilt antenna is used to receive electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit control signals transmitted, adjusts according to described control signal;
Described tower amplifier is used for carrying out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission with biasing T-shaped head;
Described biasing T-shaped head is used for being connected transmission of control signals and direct current with the electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit; With base station transmits control signal, radiofrequency signal and direct current;
Described base station is used for being connected with biasing T-shaped head, and transmission of control signals and direct current are connected transmitting radio frequency signal, direct current, control signal with tower amplifier.
Biasing T-shaped head according to the embodiment of the invention provides when upgrading to electrical tilt antenna by non-electrical tilt antenna, does not need to be replaced by STMA, has reduced cost; Avoided increase electrical tilt antenna controller, technical problem poor for applicability when also just having avoided using the electrical tilt antenna controller, and do not need the base station that connecting interface is provided, and do not need long cable to connect yet, reduced installation workload.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of SBT in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is that prior art realizes the electrical tilt antenna functional system figure with SBT;
In Fig. 3 prior art the base station antenna system figure that uses common antenna;
In Fig. 4 prior art the base station antenna system figure that upgrades to electrical tilt antenna;
Fig. 5 is the system diagram that uses the electrical tilt antenna controller in the system of general T MA in the prior art;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention 1DSBT;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention 2DSBT;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention 3DSBT;
Fig. 9 is the application drawing of embodiment of the invention DSBT in base station antenna system.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1, the biasing T-shaped head structure can also be as shown in Figure 6 in embodiments of the present invention, the implementation of DSBT (DCPASS-SBT) is the perfectly straight stream of antenna port of standard SBT, the principle of standard SBT and DSBT is to such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 6, can see, by inductance the input of the direct current of port 2 is incorporated into port one among the DSBT, port one just can receive direct current so, for tower amplifier provides direct current.
Comprise referring to Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention 1 structure chart:
Port1601 is used for by described capacitance 604 and Port2602 transmitting radio frequency signal; Transmit described direct current by described second inductance 607 with Port2602; This port also is connected with tower amplifier, to tower amplifier transmission direct current;
Port2602 is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Modulator-demodulator 606 is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after Port3603 output is handled; Described modulator-demodulator can be the RS475/OOK model;
Second inductance 607: be used to connect Port1601 and Port2602, transmit described direct current.
Port3603 is connected with modulator-demodulator 606, is used to export control signal and direct current; Both be used for carrying control signal and direct current to RCU.
Embodiment 2, in embodiments of the present invention the biasing T-shaped head structure can also as shown in Figure 8, the implementation of DSBT (DC PASS-SBT) is the perfectly straight stream of antenna port of standard SBT, the principle of standard SBT and DSBT is to such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 7, can see, link to each other with port one by the direct current output (both drawing direct current from the power lead of AISG interface) of lead with port 3 among the DSBT, port one just can receive direct current so, and the direct current that needs is provided for tower amplifier.
Comprise referring to Fig. 7 embodiment of the invention 2 structure charts:
Port1701 is used for by described capacitance 704 and Port2702 transmitting radio frequency signal; Be connected with Port3703, receive the direct current of Port3703 transmission;
Port2702 is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Modulator-demodulator 706 is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after Port3703 output is handled;
Port3703 is connected with modulator-demodulator 706, is used to export control signal and direct current; Both be used for carrying control signal and direct current to RCU.
Embodiment 3, the biasing T-shaped head structure as shown in Figure 8 in embodiments of the present invention, the implementation of DSBT (DC PASS-SBT) is the perfectly straight stream of antenna port of standard SBT, the principle of standard SBT and DSBT is to such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 8, can see, removed the capacitance in the standard SBT circuit among the embodiment 3, allow direct current to deliver to antenna port, so, a direct current part of coming from feeder line flows to the AISG interface, antenna usefulness is transferred in power supply, and a part penetrates antenna port to TMA, to providing direct current for it.
Comprise referring to Fig. 8 embodiment of the invention 3 structure charts:
Port1801 is used to receive the direct current from second port, and with the Port2802 transmitting radio frequency signal; This port is connected with tower amplifier, to tower amplifier transmission direct current;
Port2802 is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Modulator-demodulator 805 is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after Port3803 output is handled; Described modulator-demodulator can be the RS475/OOK model;
Port3803 is connected with modulator-demodulator 805, is used to export control signal and direct current, just carries the control signal of direct current and process modem processes to RCU.
The application of DSBT (DC PASS-SBT) is as follows, sees Fig. 9:
Electrical tilt antenna 901 is used to receive the angle of declination control signal that RCU902 transmits, adjusts according to described control signal, and mainly be the adjustment of angle of declination;
RCU902 is used to receive DSBT904 control signals transmitted and direct current; This unit also is connected with electrical tilt antenna 901, according to the content of the control signal that receives electrical tilt antenna 901 angle of declinations is controlled;
TMA903 is used for carrying out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission with DSBT904;
DSBT904 is used for being connected with RCU902 transmission of control signals and direct current; With base station 905 transmission of control signals, radiofrequency signal and direct current;
Base station 905 is used for being connected with DSBT904 transmission of control signals and direct current; Be connected transmitting radio frequency signal, direct current, control signal with TMA.
Biasing T-shaped head according to the embodiment of the invention provides when upgrading to electrical tilt antenna by non-electrical tilt antenna, does not need to be replaced by STMA, has reduced cost; Avoided increase electrical tilt antenna controller, technical problem poor for applicability when also just having avoided using the electrical tilt antenna controller, and do not need the base station that connecting interface is provided, and do not need long cable to connect yet, reduced installation workload.
The explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and thought thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part in specific embodiments and applications all can change.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a biasing T-shaped head is characterized in that, comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, capacitance, first inductance, second inductance, modulator-demodulator;
Described first port is used for being connected with tower amplifier and carries out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission, by the described capacitance and the second port transmission radiofrequency signal; By described second inductance and the second port transmission direct current;
Described capacitance is used to connect first port, second port, transmits described radiofrequency signal;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described first inductance, an end is connected with the described capacitance and second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Described modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
Described second inductance is used to connect first port, and second port transmits described direct current;
Described the 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used for to electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit output control signal and direct current.
2. a biasing T-shaped head is characterized in that, comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, inductance, capacitance, modulator-demodulator;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described capacitance is used to connect first port, second port, transmits described radiofrequency signal;
Described inductance, an end is connected with the described capacitance and second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Described modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
Described the 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used for to electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit output control signal and direct current;
Described first port is used for being connected with tower amplifier and carries out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission, by the described capacitance and the second port transmission radiofrequency signal; Be connected with the 3rd port, receive the direct current of the 3rd port transmission.
3. a biasing T-shaped head is characterized in that, comprises first port, second port, the 3rd port, inductance, modulator-demodulator;
Described first port is used for being connected with tower amplifier and carries out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission, receives the direct current from second port, and with the second port transmission radiofrequency signal;
Described second port is used to receive the direct current from the base station, and transmission of control signals and radiofrequency signal;
Described inductance, an end is connected with first port, second port, and the other end is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used to transmit described control signal and direct current;
Modulator-demodulator is used to receive described control signal and direct current, handles described control signal, control signal and direct current after the output of the 3rd port is handled;
The 3rd port is connected with modulator-demodulator, is used for to electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit output control signal and direct current.
4. the system of a control antenna is characterized in that, this system comprises: electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit, electrical tilt antenna, tower amplifier, claim 1,2 or 3 described biasing T-shaped head and base stations;
Described electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit is used to receive biasing T-shaped head control signals transmitted and direct current; Be connected with electrical tilt antenna, the angle of declination of electrical tilt antenna controlled according to the content of the control signal that receives;
Described electrical tilt antenna is used to receive electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit control signals transmitted, adjusts according to described control signal;
Described tower amplifier is used for carrying out radiofrequency signal and direct current transmission with biasing T-shaped head;
Described biasing T-shaped head is used for being connected transmission of control signals and direct current with the electrical tilt antenna drive motor unit; With base station transmits control signal, radiofrequency signal and direct current;
Described base station is used for being connected with biasing T-shaped head, and transmission of control signals and direct current are connected transmitting radio frequency signal, direct current, control signal with tower amplifier.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100972395A CN101043239B (en) | 2007-04-28 | 2007-04-28 | System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna |
| PCT/CN2008/070829 WO2008131697A1 (en) | 2007-04-28 | 2008-04-28 | Bias tee and system for controlling antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100972395A CN101043239B (en) | 2007-04-28 | 2007-04-28 | System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101043239A CN101043239A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| CN101043239B true CN101043239B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100972395A Active CN101043239B (en) | 2007-04-28 | 2007-04-28 | System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN101043239B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008131697A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101043239B (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2010-09-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna |
| CN101197468B (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2011-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and base station system |
| CN101237242B (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-11-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | An antenna feedback adaptation device and method |
| CN101740864B (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2013-10-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Electric-adjusting antenna communication system and method |
| DE102008059333A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | GPS mast module and mobile radio system |
| CN102365829B (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2015-04-22 | 西门子公司 | Radio communication system and method for communication between base station and antenna |
| CN102013929B (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2014-01-29 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Novel intelligent antenna coupling calibration network containing RCU control circuit |
| CN102104888B (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2014-06-11 | 罗森伯格（上海）通信技术有限公司 | Control system for electric tuning antenna of base station |
| KR101945405B1 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2019-02-08 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Antenna system of mobile communication base transceiver station |
| US9448576B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2016-09-20 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Programmable power supplies for cellular base stations and related methods of reducing power loss in cellular systems |
| US10281939B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2019-05-07 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Methods and equipment for reducing power loss in cellular systems |
| US11333695B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2022-05-17 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Methods and equipment for reducing power loss in cellular systems |
| WO2015126675A1 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Andrew Llc | Input selective smart bias tee |
| US9553559B2 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2017-01-24 | Keithley Instruments, Inc. | Configurable bias tee |
| WO2015172307A1 (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-11-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for establishing correspondence between sector of base station and antenna, base station, and antenna |
| CN107210521B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2020-04-24 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Capacitively loaded jumper cable, shunt capacitance unit, and related methods for enhanced power transfer to remote radio heads |
| WO2021077292A1 (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | 罗森伯格科技澳洲有限责任公司 | Base station antenna |
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| CN1672346A (en) * | 2002-08-03 | 2005-09-21 | Kmw株式会社 | Bias-T apparatus and center conductor of the same |
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| US6266545B1 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2001-07-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Transferring data in a fixed-site radio transceiver station by modulating power supply current |
| US6657522B2 (en) * | 2002-02-01 | 2003-12-02 | M/A-Com | Wide bandwidth bias tee |
| US7529215B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2009-05-05 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Encapsulation of independent transmissions over internal interface of distributed radio base station |
| US7012486B2 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-03-14 | Scientific Components Corporation | Miniature wideband bias tee |
| CN101043239B (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2010-09-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | System for biasing T-shaped head and controlling antenna |
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- 2007-04-28 CN CN2007100972395A patent/CN101043239B/en active Active
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- 2008-04-28 WO PCT/CN2008/070829 patent/WO2008131697A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1326615C (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2007-07-18 | 菲利浦石油公司 | Polymerization catalyst system, methods of making and uses therefor |
| CN1672346A (en) * | 2002-08-03 | 2005-09-21 | Kmw株式会社 | Bias-T apparatus and center conductor of the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101043239A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| WO2008131697A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
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