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CN100556721C - 车辆的车轮悬架导杆的轴承和车辆的跳动检测系统 - Google Patents

车辆的车轮悬架导杆的轴承和车辆的跳动检测系统 Download PDF

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CN100556721C
CN100556721C CNB03801050XA CN03801050A CN100556721C CN 100556721 C CN100556721 C CN 100556721C CN B03801050X A CNB03801050X A CN B03801050XA CN 03801050 A CN03801050 A CN 03801050A CN 100556721 C CN100556721 C CN 100556721C
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J·斯普拉特
B·格兰尼曼
M·埃尔索伊
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/06Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle
    • B60Q1/08Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle automatically
    • B60Q1/10Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle automatically due to vehicle inclination, e.g. due to load distribution
    • B60Q1/115Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights adjustable, e.g. remotely-controlled from inside vehicle automatically due to vehicle inclination, e.g. due to load distribution by electric means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/019Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/008Attaching arms to unsprung part of vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00Springs
    • F16F1/36Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11Mounting of sensors thereon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B60G2204/116Sensors coupled to the suspension arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/41Elastic mounts, e.g. bushings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/05Attitude
    • B60G2400/051Angle
    • B60G2400/0516Angular position of a suspension element
    • B60G2400/05162Angular position of a suspension element the element being a suspension arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/25Stroke; Height; Displacement
    • B60G2400/252Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/60Load
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/17Magnetic/Electromagnetic
    • B60G2401/172Hall effect
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2420/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60W2420/50Magnetic or electromagnetic sensors
    • B60W2420/503Hall effect or magnetoresistive, i.e. active wheel speed sensors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/08Sensor arrangement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆车轮悬架导杆的轴承,其中至少一个设置在轴承(11,21,31,41)里面或上面的传感器(18,28,38,48,58)测得通过轴承(11,21,31,41)相互连接的车辆部件的相对运动。

Description

车辆的车轮悬架导杆的轴承和车辆的跳动检测系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆车轮悬架导杆的轴承。
背景技术
在现代车辆、例如具有氙前照灯的车辆中需要一个照明宽度调节器,调节器通过传感器测得车辆在跳动角度上的摇曳并通过激励器匹配前照灯位置。这个传感器作为独立的结构组件装进齿轮箱并通过连杆与车架的导杆连接。在此缺陷是,为此所使用的结构部件相对较大并因此需要太大的空间。由于该装置布置在齿轮箱里面所以这个装置易于被碎石损坏。除了高的装配费用以外还存在这个系统必需在多个独立步骤中费事地进行调整。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是,提供一种简单的方案,以简单的措施测得汽车的跳动。
按照本发明这个目的通过根据本发明的轴承得以实现。该轴承的其它有利设计方案由下文给出。同时提供了要求一种采用按照本发明的轴承的用于测得车辆跳动的系统。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种用于车辆的车轮悬架导杆的轴承,其特征在于,至少一个设置在轴承里面或上面的传感器测得通过轴承相互连接的车辆部件的相对运动。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了用于对使用了如上所述轴承的车辆检测跳动的系统,其特征在于,一个传感器数据的数据处理单元计算车辆的至少一个车轮或车轴的压缩或拉伸跳动。
本发明的基本思想在于,在车轮或车轴跳动时至少一个将车轮架与车身连接的车辆部件、如支柱或导杆被转动或移动。该导杆通常通过旋转轴承支承在车身上,该轴承尤其可以由橡胶轴承构成。按照本发明的思想,导杆在弹簧压缩和拉伸时的转动运动可以直接通过传感器测得,该传感器设置在一个轴承、尤其是一个橡胶轴承里面或上面。为此最好选择与车身固定连接的轴承。在导杆轴承上测得的弹簧压缩和拉伸可以作为例如用于照明宽度调节器的信息供车辆使用。无接触地测得跳动参数是有利的,由此不会产生由于摩擦而导致的磨损。通过将传感器组合进轴承无需单独的外壳。但是当然要将传感器设置在一个独立的壳体里面并与轴承连接。用于测得跳动的装置也可由一个模块构成,该模块可以设置在紧挨着轴承附近。因此通过磁铁产生的磁场例如可以通过霍耳-传感器检测。但是为了测得跳动同样可以利用电场或其它场。
车轴或车轮的总体运动被操作车辆的人员作为车轮的跳动所察觉。除了纯跳动以外橡胶轴承还能够以微小的尺寸实现围绕两个较宽空间轴的角度运动。因此在测得纯跳动时重视所产生的干扰值。例如可以使用一个传感器测得跳动角度而使用一个或多个附加的传感器测得干扰值。但是对于传感器和其结构的合适布置和选择能够通过只一个传感器精确地确定跳动角度。轴承和/或车轮悬架以及车轴的结构形式也可以有助于使干扰值最小。有利的是使用一个传感器,该传感器利用一个具有双极取向的敏感参数。如果例如想以非常高的精度测得零位,则提供一个霍耳-传感器和一个加偏压的磁场供使用。由此干扰值可以通过一个相应大小的零场进行补偿。在有利的应用霍耳-IC时例如磁铁在其尺寸上明显大于霍耳-IC本身。磁阻式传感器与霍耳-IC相反不检测场强,而是只检测场向。这一点对于跳动的检测是有利的。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细描述本发明构思的几个实施例。附图中
图1以截面图和俯视图示出按照现有技术的橡胶轴承,说明轴承可能的典型运动,
图2示出一个橡胶轴承,其中除了跳动运动以外只产生确定的干扰值,
图3示出一个同心地设置在磁极环里的霍耳-传感器,用于测得跳动,
图4示出按照本发明的轴承的第一实施例,
图5示出按照本发明的轴承的第二实施例,
图6示出按照本发明的轴承的第三实施例,
图7示出按照本发明的轴承的第四实施例,
图8以示意图示出用于通过磁阻式传感器检测一个磁极环的磁场。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个按照现有技术的橡胶轴承1的截面图和俯视图。橡胶轴承1具有一个外环2以及一个内环4,它们通过一个橡胶环3相互连接。在此环的概念不能狭隘地理解为已知的意义,因此也可以是非圆形的横截面。所述外环2例如刚性地固定在车辆导杆上,而内环4通过其空心空间5例如包围车辆车身的一部分并固定地与这个部分连接。由于橡胶环3的橡胶碾压运动未示出的导杆和同样未示出的车身可以在一定的范围里相互活动。通常橡胶轴承这样固定在车身上,车辆的跳动起到使内环4相对于外环2旋转并由此起到类似橡胶碾压运动的作用。由于跳动产生的角度变化在图1中以箭头E表示。
如同由图2可以看出的那样,零位的上下跳动(箭头E)通常有约+/-20度的典型角度变化。此外除了跳动运动以外可能产生沿着空间轴的位移运动。这一点通过箭头H,R和K表示并显示出干扰运动,它可能导致跳动角度的测量误差。在此干扰运动H表示在垂直方向上的位移运动而箭头K表示万向运动,它不仅可以围绕垂直方向实现,而且可以围绕水平方向实现。在此垂直方向可以理解为一个垂直于轴承纵轴的方向,其中水平方向表示一个垂直于纵轴并垂直于垂直方向的方向。在此纵轴可以定义为外环以及内环的中心轴。所有干扰值可以通过适当的传感器直接测得。但是这一点受到需要大量传感器这一缺陷的限制,由此使用于测得实际跳动以及弹力的费用非常地大。为了尽可能地排除干扰值,提供一个传感器,该传感器可以测得一个具有双极方向的场。为此例如一个如图3至8示出的磁系统是适合的。但是同样可以实现光学地、感应地或电容地测得跳动或弹力角度的测量。但是磁系统由于简单的结构、微少的维修费用、以及相对于污染的耐用性而显得特别有利。如果想以特别高的精度测得零位,则例如通过霍耳-IC在一个加偏压的磁场提供一个零场感测。磁极环的相应磁场在图8中示出。但是按照本发明的轴承的几个可能的实施例附加地通过图3至7描述。
图3示出一个外部的磁结构7,在其中心同心地设置一个具有其接头8a的霍耳-传感器8。一个气隙9位于磁结构的磁铁7与霍耳-传感器8之间。磁回路通过一个金属钵形式的磁耦联6封闭。这个金属钵例如可以固定在橡胶轴承外环上,而霍耳-传感器8固定在橡胶轴承内环上。如果外环与内环相互运动,尤其是旋转,霍耳-传感器处的磁场变化,这作为磁场变化由霍耳-传感器8自动地检测,接着可以测得跳动角度E。在磁铁之间构成一个磁场,它例如从0向着磁极增加。如果将霍耳-IC这样固定在磁铁之间,使其精确地位于零场里面,则对于霍耳-IC的小运动可以在霍耳-传感器上观察到相对于磁铁的已经是大的霍耳应力的应力变化。这个方法特别适合于检测小的运动。这种传感器的组合可以毫无问题地商业上通用的橡胶轴承里实现。为了补偿由于可能的干扰运动造成的测量误差,可以附加地配有传感器。例如可以相互间以90度设置磁阻式传感器或霍耳-传感器,以检测这种干扰值。
图4示出橡胶轴承的第一可能实施例11,其中在表面上铣出一个开孔,因此从这一侧观察内环14是裸露的。在内环14和外环12之间设有橡胶环13。内环14具有一个削平面14a,在这个平面上刚性地设置固定部件10,该固定部件通过其自由端10a分别支承一个磁铁17。在橡胶轴承外环12上通过一个固定结构18b设置一个霍耳-传感器18,它位于磁铁17之间。如果内环14相对于外环12旋转,外环对应于一个压缩或拉伸跳动,则霍耳-传感器18或者相对于左磁铁17或者相对于右磁铁运动,由此改变霍耳-传感器18处的磁场。磁场的变化通过一个未示出的后接电子仪器检测,由此从传感器信号测得跳动角度E并可以供车辆的后设系统使用。通过霍耳-传感器18的固定装置18b,18c密封地封闭橡胶轴承11的缺口12a处,因此不会使污染物进入到传感器18和磁铁17处。
图5示出橡胶轴承21的第二可能实施例,它与图4的橡胶装置11类似地构成。但是传感器28以及磁铁27设置在橡胶轴承21的端面上。因此从圆形内环24的轮廓里在其端面上引出来一个六面体形部件24a,它突出于内环24的端面24b。内环引出处的形状当然可以任选。这个六面体形凸起24a被一个固定装置20围卡,在其自由端20a上设置磁铁27。所述固定装置20的自由端20a超出立方体形凸起24a,因此可以在磁铁27之间设置传感器28,传感器通过固定装置28b固定在橡胶轴承21的外环22上。用于磁铁27以及传感器28的空间可以通过铣削刚性中间环26以及内环24和橡胶环23实现。可以设想,无需在其上固定传感器28的附加固定装置28b。而是使用外环22直接或通过附加中间部件固定传感器28。
图6示出橡胶轴承的第三可能实施例,用于通过磁阻式传感器测得车辆的跳动深度。在此在这个橡胶轴承31的内环34上固定一个磁极环37,它由一个交变排序的径向和向心取向的(北极化和南极化)磁铁组成,其中每个磁铁的取向从其北极开始在同一磁铁的南极方向上取向。传感器38通过一个固定装置38a固定在橡胶轴承31的外环32上。如果内环34相对于外环32旋转并碾压橡胶环33,在传感器38处的磁场变化,由此可以测得跳动高度E或跳动角度E。如果磁极环37设置在橡胶轴承31的轴线中心,则为了安装传感器使橡胶环33以及外环32至少局部地离开。而与此相反,如果将磁极环37设置在橡胶轴承31的端面上,则同样可以将传感器38设置在外环32的端面上。
当然对于所有在这个申请中提出的可能实施例都可以将磁铁和传感器设置在轴承端面上,配有一个端盖或一个外壳,它用于防止传感单元受到污染和机械损伤。
图7示出橡胶轴承41的另一可能实施例,其中磁阻式传感器48设置在橡胶轴承的内环44上,而将磁极环47设置在外环42上。然后以上述的方式和方法通过磁阻式传感器48处的变化的磁场测得外环相对于内环的旋转。
图8示出一个磁极环57的可能的磁场线M,磁极环固定在橡胶轴承的一个内环54上。一个磁阻式传感器(MRS)58设置在磁场M处并与未示出的轴承外环刚性连接。在汽车跳动时磁极环57相对于MRS运动,其中在MRS处的磁场由于相对运动的变化而变得明显。MRS 58本身通过接头58a与后接的电子仪器电连接。在适当选择MRS 58时可以可靠地检测到明显小于1度的角度运动,由此能够精确地确定跳动角度。
当然,不仅传感器而且磁铁或磁极环都可以以模块方式设置在现有的橡胶轴承上,其中配有相应的固定装置或措施,使磁铁以及传感器可以固定在橡胶轴承的外环或内环上。当然在存在中间环16,26时同样也可以使磁铁或MRS固定或设置在这个中间环上。但是选择那些相互间进行最大相对运动的轴承部件是有意义的。
本发明的构思原则上包括所有的轴承形式。但是由于橡胶轴承的大量应用这里只示例性地对橡胶轴承示出并描述本发明的构思。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆的车轮悬架导杆的轴承,其中至少一个设置在轴承(11,21,31,41)里面或上面的传感器(18,28,38,48,58)测得通过轴承(11,21,31,41)相互连接的车辆部件的相对运动,
其特征在于,所述轴承(11,21,31,41)是一个橡胶轴承,所述橡胶轴承(11,21,31,41)具有一个外环(12,22,32,42)和一个内环(14,24,34,44,54),在所述外环和内环之间设置一个橡胶环(13,23,33,43),
所述传感器布置在所述外环或内环上,用来检测所述外环相对于所述内环的旋转,并且集成到所述橡胶轴承中。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴承,其特征在于,至少一个传感器(18,28,38,48,58)测得通过轴承(11,21,31,41)相互连接的车辆部件的旋转、摆动和/或移动。
3.如权利要求1所述的轴承,其特征在于,至少一个传感器(18,28,38,48,58)测得通过轴承(11,21,31,41)相互连接的车辆部件的旋转,而至少一个传感器测得通过轴承(11,21,31,41)相互连接的车辆部件的相对移动。
4.如权利要求1所述的轴承,其特征在于,至少一个磁铁(17,27,37,47,57)设置在轴承(11,21,31,41)里面或上面。
5.如权利要求4所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述轴承(31,41)具有一个磁极环(37,47,57),其磁场被一个传感器(38,48,58)所检测。
6.如权利要求5所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述磁极环(37,57)固定在橡胶轴承(31)的内环(34,54)上。
7.如权利要求5所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述磁极环(37,57)构成了所述橡胶轴承的内环。
8.如权利要求5所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述磁极环(47)直接或通过中间部件固定在橡胶轴承(41)的外环(42)上,或者构成了外环本身。
9.如权利要求4所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述传感器中心地设置在两个磁铁之间。
10.如权利要求9所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述两个磁铁的同名极相互面对。
11.如权利要求3所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述传感器是一个磁阻式传感器或霍耳传感器。
12.如权利要求11所述的轴承,其特征在于,以电容或电感的方式来测得所述轴承的运动。
13.如权利要求12所述的轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个传感器设置在一个外壳里面,而所述外壳固定在轴承上。
14.一种用于对使用了如权利要求1到13中任一项所述轴承的车辆检测跳动的系统,其特征在于,一个传感器数据的数据处理单元计算车辆的至少一个车轮或车轴的压缩或拉伸跳动。
15.如权利要求14所述的系统,其特征在于,所述跳动参数用于汽车前照灯和/或车辆水平调节器的高度调节。
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