CN100530167C - Solid body mineral deposit three-dimensional visual reserves calculation system and computation method - Google Patents
Solid body mineral deposit three-dimensional visual reserves calculation system and computation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统,其以输入计算机内的点源数据库为核心,集地理信息、三维可视化、地质统计和专业分析功能于一体,包含矿区点源数据库、矿区各类二维地质图件自动编绘、三维空间分析和矿产品可视化储量计算子系统。本系统可根据矿体形态参数和矿石质量参数的变化特征建立其空间模型,并利用数据库建立起矿山三维地层格架,用四面体网格来进一步剖分三维地层体,将矿石质量参数耦合到每个四面体上,再计算出每个四面体的品位值,进而计算矿产品储量并反馈到合理的生产开采计划制定中去;可用于传统的矿床二维资源储量计算,实现任意形态矿体的储量计算,并且精度高。
The present invention is a three-dimensional visualized reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids, which takes the point source database input into the computer as the core, integrates geographic information, three-dimensional visualization, geological statistics and professional analysis functions, and includes mining area points Source database, automatic compilation of various 2D geological maps in mining areas, 3D spatial analysis and visualization of mineral reserves calculation subsystems. This system can establish its spatial model according to the change characteristics of ore body shape parameters and ore quality parameters, and use the database to establish a three-dimensional stratum framework for mines, use tetrahedron grids to further subdivide the three-dimensional strata body, and couple ore quality parameters to On each tetrahedron, calculate the grade value of each tetrahedron, and then calculate the mineral product reserves and feed back to the formulation of a reasonable production and mining plan; it can be used for the calculation of traditional two-dimensional resource reserves of ore deposits, and realize any shape of ore body reserve calculation with high accuracy.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及矿山资源评价、矿山开采、矿山储量计算和数字矿山工程领域,特别是基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统及计算方法。The invention relates to the fields of mine resource evaluation, mine exploitation, mine reserve calculation and digital mine engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional visualization reserve calculation system and calculation method for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids.
背景技术 Background technique
近年来矿产品价格的上涨特别是金价的上涨以及生产工艺的改进,使得以往很多的低品位矿山逐渐被纳入开采对象。随之而来的就是对这些矿山进行储量计算、生产计划的制定。目前我国采用的储量计算评价方法,包括油气资源评价和矿产资源评价都是按照国家的有关标准和规范进行的,采用规范以外的新方法所做的储量评价在储量验收时很难通过,这是传统资源评价方法效率低下而得不到改进的主要原因。这是当今在固体矿产资源储量计算方面急需解决的问题。In recent years, the increase in the price of mineral products, especially the increase in the price of gold and the improvement of production technology have made many low-grade mines in the past gradually included in the mining targets. What follows is the calculation of reserves and the formulation of production plans for these mines. At present, the reserve calculation and evaluation methods adopted in my country, including oil and gas resource evaluation and mineral resource evaluation, are all carried out in accordance with the relevant national standards and norms. It is difficult to pass the reserve evaluation made by new methods other than the norms when the reserves are checked and accepted. This is the reason The main reason why traditional resource evaluation methods are inefficient and cannot be improved. This is an urgent problem to be solved in the calculation of solid mineral resources and reserves.
新的矿产勘查理论方法研究滞后,特别是基于三维数据结构的考虑矿床形态与质量耦合条件的储量计算方法研究滞后。三维体积计算只能用降维的方法以二维图件解决,或者用分块求积法和整体求积法,这些处理方法不仅导致误差较大,而且完全没有考虑矿床质量参数随空间变化的特点,无法将形态参数与质量参数耦合。已有的传统资源储量计算方法都是在二维或简化成规则的三维几何形态的基础上建立的。这种处理方法,对于产状比较稳定的二向延长矿体,用勘探线、勘探网格布置工程,其勘查成果的表达及储量计算的精度往往能得到较满意的结果。但对于如斑岩型矿床等没有稳定的产状,形态复杂的矿体,用勘探线剖面往往不能正确地表达矿体的实际情况。用平行断面法计算储量则计算结果的误差可能会很大,而用不平行断面法,则计算方法繁琐且精度也不高。The research on the new theory and method of mineral exploration lags behind, especially the research on the reserve calculation method based on the three-dimensional data structure that considers the coupling conditions of ore deposit shape and quality lags behind. The calculation of 3D volume can only be solved with 2D maps by dimensionality reduction method, or block quadrature method and overall quadrature method. These processing methods not only lead to large errors, but also do not consider the variation of ore deposit quality parameters with space. characteristics, it is impossible to couple the morphological parameters with the quality parameters. Existing traditional resource reserve calculation methods are all established on the basis of two-dimensional or simplified three-dimensional geometry. With this processing method, for the two-way extended ore body with relatively stable occurrence, using the exploration line and exploration grid to arrange the project, the expression of the exploration results and the accuracy of the reserve calculation can often get satisfactory results. But for orebodies with no stable occurrence and complex shapes, such as porphyry deposits, the actual situation of the orebodies cannot be accurately expressed by the exploration line profile. Calculation of reserves with the method of parallel sections may result in a large error, while using the method of non-parallel sections is cumbersome and the accuracy is not high.
因此有必要开发出一种新型实用的方法,特别是在三维地理信息系统以及三维数据结构的出现的情况下,需要对四面体格网生成算法的研究,以奠定不同于传统而是基于三维的储量计算方法的基础。Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new and practical method, especially in the case of the emergence of 3D geographic information systems and 3D data structures, the research on the generation algorithm of tetrahedral grid is required to establish the reserves that are different from the traditional ones but based on 3D. Basis of Computational Methods.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统,以便快速地响应开采品位的变化来准确地计算储量,反馈到合理的生产开采计划制定中去来实现指导生产计划的制定。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional visualized reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids in order to quickly respond to changes in mining grades to accurately calculate reserves and feed back to the existing problems in the prior art. A reasonable production and mining plan is formulated to guide the formulation of the production plan.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的以下技术方案:The present invention solves the following technical solutions that its technical problem adopts:
本发明提供了以输入计算机内的点源数据库为核心,将地理信息、三维可视化、地质统计以及专业分析功能集成一体的基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统,该系统包含矿区点源数据库子系统、矿区各类二维地质图件自动编绘子系统、矿体、矿床和复杂地质结构的三维空间分析子系统和矿床、矿体储量计算和三维可视化表达子系统。The invention provides a three-dimensional visualized reserves calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids, which integrates geographic information, three-dimensional visualization, geological statistics and professional analysis functions, with the point source database input into the computer as the core. The source database subsystem, the automatic compilation and drawing subsystem of various 2D geological maps in the mining area, the 3D spatial analysis subsystem of ore bodies, ore deposits and complex geological structures, and the calculation and 3D visualization expression subsystems of ore deposits and ore body reserves.
本发明还提供了利用上述的基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统进行矿产品储量的计算方法,即:根据矿体形态参数和矿石质量参数的变化特征,建立矿体和矿石质量空间模型,并利用钻孔和剖面数据库建立起矿山三维地层格架,用四面体网格来进一步剖分三维地层格架,将矿石质量参数耦合到每个四面体上,利用克吕格或距离幂次反比法来计算出每个四面体的品位值,进而计算矿产品储量。The present invention also provides a calculation method for mineral product reserves using the above-mentioned three-dimensional visualization reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids, that is: according to the change characteristics of ore body shape parameters and ore quality parameters, the ore body and ore quality parameters are established. Space model, and use the drilling and profile database to establish a three-dimensional stratigraphic framework of the mine, use tetrahedron grids to further subdivide the three-dimensional stratigraphic framework, couple ore quality parameters to each tetrahedron, use Krüger or distance The inverse power ratio method is used to calculate the grade value of each tetrahedron, and then calculate the mineral product reserves.
本发明提供的基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统,不是对传统的理论和方法的否定,而是在传统的克里金方法的基础上,用数据库来存储钻孔、剖面、样品品位等基础数据,用三维数据结构建立三维地层模型,进一步用四面体来剖分每个矿体形成三维空间上小四面体的连续铺盖,在充分研究矿体变化性的基础上,充分利用传统成熟的克里金方法来确定每个小四面体的品位等质量参数,形成真正的三维数字矿体(三维空间下的带有各自属性参数的四面体连续铺盖)。一旦三维数字矿体建立后就是一劳永逸的事情。今后系统会自动根据最低品位值快速自动地圈出矿体并给出储量值,并反馈到生产计划编制中去。这种三维储量计算方法,对于矿产勘查和储量计算有重要意义:第一,可以正确、全面地了解矿体形态特征,并非是二维切制的某一方向的矿体形态特征。如果对矿石品位数据建立空间数据模型,也可以了解品位的空间分布特征。第二,能够快速地响应市场的变化,做到一劳永逸。第三,可以方便正确地计算出任意形态的矿体体积及其储量。The three-dimensional visualized reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids provided by the present invention is not a negation of traditional theories and methods, but uses a database to store boreholes, profiles, For the basic data such as sample grade, use the three-dimensional data structure to establish a three-dimensional stratigraphic model, and further use tetrahedrons to divide each ore body to form a continuous bedding of small tetrahedrons in three-dimensional space. On the basis of fully studying the variability of ore bodies, make full use of The traditional and mature Kriging method is used to determine the grade and other quality parameters of each small tetrahedron to form a real three-dimensional digital ore body (tetrahedral continuous bedding with its own attribute parameters in three-dimensional space). Once the three-dimensional digital ore body is established, it is a matter of once and for all. In the future, the system will automatically circle out the ore body and give the reserve value according to the lowest grade value, and feed it back to the preparation of the production plan. This three-dimensional reserve calculation method is of great significance for mineral exploration and reserve calculation: First, it can correctly and comprehensively understand the morphological characteristics of ore bodies, not the morphological characteristics of ore bodies in a certain direction cut by two-dimensional cutting. If a spatial data model is established for the ore grade data, the spatial distribution characteristics of the grade can also be understood. Second, be able to quickly respond to changes in the market, once and for all. Third, it can conveniently and correctly calculate the volume of ore bodies and their reserves in any form.
本发明能够正确建模,其计算精度要高于二维方法的计算精度,接近于实际值。在建立空间模型后,可以切制任意方向的剖面,也可以对矿体作任意方向的旋转,以便全面了解矿体的形态和细节。与此相联系,在三维基础上布置勘探工程,考虑因素将更全面。The invention can model correctly, and its calculation precision is higher than that of the two-dimensional method and close to the actual value. After the spatial model is established, the section in any direction can be cut, and the ore body can be rotated in any direction, so as to fully understand the shape and details of the ore body. In connection with this, the factors to be considered will be more comprehensive when laying out exploration projects on a three-dimensional basis.
本发明对于固体资源储量计算、矿产资源评审、矿业权评估等,不但能提高工作的效率,更重要是使矿产资源勘查评价工作优化,使资源得到有效的利用。The present invention can not only improve the working efficiency for the calculation of solid resource reserves, mineral resource evaluation, mining right evaluation, etc., but more importantly, it can optimize the mineral resource exploration and evaluation work, so that the resources can be effectively utilized.
简言之,本发明具有以下主要优点:In short, the present invention has the following main advantages:
其一.能够根据市场价格确定的最低开采工业品位值快速地计算储量,并反馈到合理的生产开采计划制定中去。Firstly, reserves can be quickly calculated based on the minimum mining industrial grade value determined by the market price, and fed back to the formulation of a reasonable production and mining plan.
其二.用四面体模型将矿床形态参数与质量参数在三维空间中完全耦合起来,特别是在边界问题的处理上比常规采用立方体网格模型能够提高精度。Second, the tetrahedral model is used to fully couple the deposit shape parameters and quality parameters in three-dimensional space, especially in the processing of boundary problems, which can improve the accuracy compared with the conventional cubic grid model.
其三.将传统的二维资源储量计算变为符合矿体本来面貌和特点的三维资源储量计算,实现任意形态矿体的储量计算。Three. Change the traditional two-dimensional resource reserve calculation into a three-dimensional resource reserve calculation that conforms to the original appearance and characteristics of the ore body, and realize the reserve calculation of any shape of ore body.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的三维可视化储量计算系统流程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the three-dimensional visualization reserves calculation system of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明提供了基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统以及利用该系统进行矿产品储量的计算方法。The invention provides a three-dimensional visualization reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedron grids and a calculation method for mineral product reserves using the system.
一.基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统1. A three-dimensional visualization reserve calculation system for solid deposits based on tetrahedral grids
本系统以输入计算机内的点源数据库为核心,将地理信息、三维可视化、地质统计以及专业分析功能集成一体,体现了以主题式关系数据库和空间数据库系统为基础,以空间信息和属性信息管理为核心的设计思路。其包含下述子系统:This system takes the point source database input into the computer as the core, integrates geographic information, 3D visualization, geological statistics and professional analysis functions, and embodies the management of spatial information and attribute information based on thematic relational database and spatial database system. core design ideas. It contains the following subsystems:
(1)矿区点源数据库子系统:(1) Mining area point source database subsystem:
负责包括钻孔、平硐和样品在内的原始数据的采集、入库,为储量计算提供原始数据;Responsible for the collection and storage of raw data including drilling, adit and samples, and provide raw data for reserve calculation;
(2)矿区各类二维地质图件自动编绘子系统:(2) Subsystem for automatic compilation and drawing of various two-dimensional geological maps in the mining area:
对入库的原始数据进行交互编辑,生成矿体三维建模和储量计算所需要的剖面图数据和品位图数据;Interactively edit the raw data stored in the warehouse to generate profile data and grade map data required for ore body 3D modeling and reserve calculation;
(3)矿体、矿床和复杂地质结构的三维空间分析子系统:(3) 3D space analysis subsystem of ore bodies, deposits and complex geological structures:
在前面两个子系统所提供的数据基础上,完成三维矿体建模和三维地层建模,并对矿体进行进一步的四面体剖分;Based on the data provided by the previous two subsystems, complete the 3D ore body modeling and 3D stratigraphic modeling, and further divide the ore body into tetrahedrons;
(4)矿床、矿体储量计算和三维可视化表达子系统;(4) Mineral deposit and ore body reserves calculation and 3D visualization expression subsystem;
用克吕格或距离幂次反比法对样品品位进行插值计算,从而对矿体中的每个四面体进行赋值并计算出储量,以三维可视化的手段表达出来。The sample grade is interpolated by Kruger or distance power inverse ratio method, so as to assign a value to each tetrahedron in the ore body and calculate the reserves, which are expressed by three-dimensional visualization means.
本系统运行在Windows操作系统,可采用基于Intranet技术的企业局域网C/S模式和基于Internet的B/S模式相结合的方式。This system runs on the Windows operating system, and can adopt the combination of the C/S mode of the enterprise LAN based on Intranet technology and the B/S mode based on the Internet.
二.基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算方法2. Calculation method of three-dimensional visualization reserves of solid deposits based on tetrahedral grid
是利用上述基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算系统进行矿产品储量计算的方法,即:以三维地学信息系统为工具,根据矿体形态参数和矿石质量参数的变化特征,建立矿体和矿石质量空间模型,并利用钻孔和剖面数据库建立起矿山三维地层格架,用四面体网格来进一步剖分三维地层体,将矿石质量参数耦合到每个四面体上,利用克吕格或距离幂次反比法来计算出每个四面体的品位值,进而根据给定的开发工业品位值来计算矿产品储量。It is a method of calculating mineral product reserves by using the above-mentioned 3D visualized reserve calculation system for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grids, that is, using the 3D geoscience information system as a tool, and establishing the ore body and the ore quality space model, and use the drillhole and profile database to establish a three-dimensional stratum framework for mines, use tetrahedron grids to further subdivide the three-dimensional strata, couple ore quality parameters to each tetrahedron, and use Krüger Or the distance power inverse ratio method to calculate the grade value of each tetrahedron, and then calculate the mineral product reserves according to the given development industrial grade value.
本方法具体采用以下的步骤方法:This method specifically adopts the following steps:
(1)利用矿区点源数据库子系统,对包括钻孔、平硐和样品在内的原始数据进行采集和入库,为储量计算提供原始数据。(1) Use the mining area point source database subsystem to collect and store raw data including drill holes, adit and samples, and provide raw data for reserve calculation.
(2)利用矿区各类二维地质图件自动编绘子系统,对入库的原始数据进行交互编辑,生成矿体三维建模和储量计算所需要的剖面图数据和品位图数据。(2) Utilize the sub-system for automatic editing and drawing of various two-dimensional geological maps in the mining area to interactively edit the raw data stored in the warehouse, and generate profile and grade map data required for three-dimensional modeling of the ore body and calculation of reserves.
(3)利用矿体、矿床和复杂地质结构的三维空间分析子系统,根据矿体形态和矿石品位的变化特征进行三维可视化建模工作,含建立矿体形态空间模型,并完成矿体空间四面体的剖分。(3) Use the 3D space analysis subsystem of ore body, ore deposit and complex geological structure to carry out 3D visualization modeling work according to the change characteristics of ore body shape and ore grade, including establishing the ore body shape space model, and completing the four sides of the ore body space body division.
在进行三维可视化建模工作时,先采用边界代替法模型,用包括钻孔或剖面图数据将矿体的整个三维地层体用其边界曲面包围起来的空间来表达,然后采用四面体网格来剖分矿体空间,每一个小四面体都有不同的质量参数。When carrying out 3D visualization modeling work, the boundary substitution method model is firstly used to express the entire 3D formation body of the ore body with the space surrounded by its boundary surface by using the data of the borehole or the profile view, and then the tetrahedron grid is used to Divide the ore body space, each small tetrahedron has different quality parameters.
(4)由矿床、矿体储量计算和三维可视化表达子系统,用克吕格或距离幂次反比法对样品品位进行插值计算,进而对矿体中的每个四面体进行品位赋值并计算出储量,以三维可视化的手段表达出来。(4) From the ore deposit and ore body reserves calculation and three-dimensional visualization expression subsystem, the sample grade is interpolated by Krüger or distance power inverse ratio method, and then the grade is assigned to each tetrahedron in the ore body and calculated Reserves are expressed by means of three-dimensional visualization.
上述的矿石质量参数是指能够耦合于矿体不规则四面体中并能满足精度要求的包括矿石品位在内的参数。用四面体网格将矿体形态参数与矿石质量参数在三维空间中完全耦合起来。The above-mentioned ore quality parameters refer to parameters including ore grades that can be coupled to the irregular tetrahedron of the ore body and can meet the precision requirements. The ore body shape parameters and ore quality parameters are fully coupled in three-dimensional space by tetrahedral mesh.
三、基于四面体网格的固体矿床三维可视化储量计算方法的应用3. Application of 3D visualization reserve calculation method for solid ore deposits based on tetrahedral grid
本方法可编成网络版的系统软件,既适用露采,也适用地下开采。The method can be compiled into a network version of system software, which is applicable to both open mining and underground mining.
例如用于传统的矿床二维资源储量计算,即:使传统的二维资源储量计算变为符合矿体本来面貌和特点的三维资源储量计算,实现任意形态矿产品储量的计算。For example, it is used in the traditional two-dimensional resource reserve calculation of ore deposits, that is, to change the traditional two-dimensional resource reserve calculation into a three-dimensional resource reserve calculation that conforms to the original appearance and characteristics of the ore body, and realize the calculation of mineral product reserves in any form.
下面结合具体实施例及图1对本发明提供的方法作进一步说明,但不限定本发明。The method provided by the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and FIG. 1 , but the present invention is not limited.
1.在进行储量计算之前,需先导入样品数据,包括钻孔数据、平硐数据和炮孔等数据,对样品数据进行包括长度统计与品位统计;再根据中样长统计和品位统计的结果,确定适当的组合样长、最小样长、特高品位截取值、特高品位替代值等参数。1. Before calculating the reserves, it is necessary to import sample data, including drilling data, adit data and blast hole data, and perform length statistics and grade statistics on the sample data; and then according to the results of medium sample length statistics and grade statistics , to determine the appropriate parameters such as combined sample length, minimum sample length, extra-high-grade cut-off value, and extra-high-grade substitute value.
然后进行样品等长化处理:就是将空间不等长的样长和品位,按标准长以及有效品位范围转化为标准样。在进行样品等长化处理之前,一般需进行样品的样长统计和品位统计,以确定等长化的标准长和有效品位。标准长由有经验的专家根据样品样长统计结果确定;有效品位范围指对特高品位进行处理。所谓特高品位是指高出一般样品很多倍,使平均品位剧烈增高,夸大储量的品位。对特高品位值的处理,一般取平均品位6-8倍中间的一个截取值,高于此值的样品品位即可视为特高品位。用户可以在进行样品品位统计时同时统计高于品位截取值的样品数量,如果这个数值很少的话,可以不进行特高品位处理。Then carry out sample isometric processing: that is to convert the sample length and grade with different spatial lengths into standard samples according to the standard length and effective grade range. Before the sample isometric treatment, it is generally necessary to carry out sample length statistics and grade statistics to determine the standard length and effective grade of the isometric. The standard length is determined by experienced experts according to the statistical results of the sample length; the effective grade range refers to the processing of extra-high grade. The so-called extra-high grade refers to the grade that is many times higher than that of ordinary samples, which makes the average grade sharply increase and exaggerates the grade of reserves. For the treatment of extra-high grade value, generally take a cut-off value between 6-8 times the average grade, and the sample grade higher than this value can be regarded as extra-high grade. The user can count the number of samples higher than the grade cut-off value at the same time when performing sample grade statistics. If the value is very small, it is not necessary to perform extra-high grade processing.
2.导入矿体钻孔数据、剖面数据、地表地形数据对矿体进行三维建模,用边界代替(B-Rep)模型来生成矿体的三维边界模型。进而用四面体网格对矿体的三维边界模型进行剖分,一直到达到精度要求为止。2. Import the ore body drilling data, profile data, and surface terrain data to carry out three-dimensional modeling of the ore body, and use the boundary replacement (B-Rep) model to generate a three-dimensional boundary model of the ore body. Then use the tetrahedron grid to subdivide the 3D boundary model of the ore body until the accuracy requirement is met.
具体是:将矿体或地层空间化分为多个小四面体的技术方案,就是要构造空间四面体网格,可以将平面的三角网(Triangluation Irregular NetWork,TIN)剖分思想推广到三维空间。实现思路是:利用Delaunay准则,先构造一个四面体,将未处理的点加入到已经存在的四面体格网中,每次插入一个点,然后将四面体格网进行优化,采用局部优化算法(LocalOptimization Procedure),保持Delaunay的空外界球特性。具体用到实际矿体或地层建模中,先获取矿体或地层采样点的空间坐标(X,Y,Z),对断层或边界点给与不同的标志,以便在构网过程中表示其为边界约束条件,抑制四面体格网的生长,同时考虑边界线或断层线以及边界面或断层面这两种线约束和面约束,采用约束线和约束面细分算法思想逐步加入点,恢复所有的约束线和面,最终生成限定的TEN。约束线和约束面细分算法思想如下:约束线细分将以线段S为直径的球称为S的直径外接球,如果有一个点(除了线段S的两个端点)在线段S的直径外接球上或者在直径外接球内,那么称这个线段被“侵占”,也就是说线段S没有空直径外接球。如果S不存在于当前的网格中,那么S必定也被“侵占”。任何被“侵占”的线段都会被从它的中点一分为二,并将中点加入到网格中去。约束面细分将以三角片T的外接圆为大圆的球称为T的大圆外接球。如果有一个与T不共面的点在T的大圆外接球内或者大圆外接球上,那么称T被“侵占”,也就是说T没有空直径外接球。如果T不存在于当前的网格当中,并且在T的外接圆C中不存在其它的以C为外接圆的三角片,T也称为被“侵占”。通常,每个被“侵占”的三角片都会在其外心加入一点P,将其细分。然而,如果点P“侵占”了任何的线段,点P将会不被加入,取而代之的是所有被P“侵占”的线段将被细分。采用上述方法,完成矿体或地层四面体格网的划分。必需考虑在高复杂度的情况下以及在原始数据较少且分布不均的条件下如何保证四面体剖分质量的问题。考虑到矿石质量参数空间相关性和变异性的特点,可以在如下方法处理:在重点区段(矿石质量参数变化较大的地方)或在原始数据较少而导致剖分四面体较大的地方,插入一些点对这些四面体进一步剖分,直到达到满意的精度为止。Specifically: the technical scheme of spatially dividing the ore body or formation into multiple small tetrahedrons is to construct a spatial tetrahedral grid, and the planar triangulation (Triangluation Irregular Network, TIN) subdivision idea can be extended to three-dimensional space . The implementation idea is: use the Delaunay criterion to first construct a tetrahedron, add the unprocessed points to the existing tetrahedron grid, insert one point at a time, and then optimize the tetrahedron grid, using the local optimization algorithm (LocalOptimization Procedure ), maintaining the characteristics of Delaunay's empty outer ball. Specifically used in the actual ore body or strata modeling, first obtain the spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the ore body or stratum sampling points, and give different marks to the faults or boundary points, so as to represent them during the network construction process As a boundary constraint condition, the growth of the tetrahedron grid is suppressed. At the same time, the boundary line or fault line and the boundary surface or fault plane are considered. The two types of line constraints and surface constraints are used to gradually add points using the constraint line and constraint surface subdivision algorithm to restore all Constraint lines and surfaces, and finally generate a limited TEN. The idea of constraint line and constraint surface subdivision algorithm is as follows: Constraint line subdivision refers to the sphere with the diameter of line segment S as the diameter circumscribed ball of S, if there is a point (except the two endpoints of line segment S) circumscribed by the diameter of line segment S On the sphere or within the circumsphere of the diameter, then the line segment is said to be "occupied", that is to say, the segment S has no empty circumsphere of diameter. If S does not exist in the current grid, then S must also be "occupied". Any "encroaching" line segment is split in half from its midpoint, and the midpoint is added to the mesh. Constraint surface subdivision The sphere whose circumcircle of triangle T is the great circle is called the great circle circumscribed of T. T is said to be "occupied" if there is a point that is not coplanar with T within or on the great-circle circumscriber of T, that is, T has no empty-diameter circumscriber. If T does not exist in the current grid, and there are no other triangles with C as the circumcircle of T in the circumcircle C of T, T is also called "occupied". Usually, each "encroached" triangular piece will be subdivided by adding a little P to its circumcenter. However, if point P "occupies" any line segment, point P will not be added, and instead all line segments "occupied" by P will be subdivided. Using the above method, the division of ore body or formation tetrahedron grid is completed. It is necessary to consider how to ensure the quality of tetrahedron subdivision in the case of high complexity and the condition of less raw data and uneven distribution. Considering the characteristics of spatial correlation and variability of ore quality parameters, it can be dealt with in the following ways: in key sections (places where ore quality parameters change greatly) or in places where the original data is less and the tetrahedron is larger , insert some points to further subdivide these tetrahedrons until a satisfactory accuracy is achieved.
3.用以上处理好的样品数据采用距离幂次反比法或者普通克吕格计算方法实现三维空间上的品位插值,实现每个四面体的品位的赋值。3. Using the above-processed sample data, use the distance power inverse ratio method or the ordinary Krüger calculation method to realize the grade interpolation in three-dimensional space, and realize the assignment of the grade of each tetrahedron.
空间各个四面体对应的矿石质量参数的确定的技术方案,充分利用各种样品的值,利用克吕格或距离幂次反比法将其推广到三维连续空间。地质统计学可将几乎所有的变量,包括矿体中矿石质量参数标志和矿体形态标志,都看作是区域化变量,即它们都是以空间坐标为自变量的随机场的函数。半变异函数是研究区域化变量空间变化特征和变化程度的基本工具。当h(步长)≥a(变程)时,相距h的两点不存在相关性,即是随机的;当h<a时,相距h的两点具相关性,且h值越小,相关性越强。根据对矿体变化性研究得到的矿石质量参数随空间变化的规律,完成各小四面体矿石质量参数的赋值。若要处理可以选择要处理的矿块也可以对整个矿区进行计算。可以选择插值方法、金属种类、颜色显示方式等各种计算参数。在导出方式方面可以将插值后的块体信息保存在文件中,以免以后重复计算。The technical scheme for determining the ore quality parameters corresponding to each tetrahedron in space makes full use of the values of various samples, and extends it to three-dimensional continuous space by using Krüger or distance power inverse ratio method. Geostatistics can regard almost all variables, including the ore quality parameter markers and ore body shape markers in the ore body, as regionalized variables, that is, they are all functions of random fields with spatial coordinates as independent variables. The semivariogram is a basic tool for studying the characteristics and degree of spatial variation of regionalized variables. When h (step size) ≥ a (variable range), there is no correlation between the two points apart from h, which is random; when h<a, the two points apart from h are correlated, and the smaller the value of h, The stronger the correlation. According to the law of ore quality parameters changing with space obtained from the study of ore body variability, the assignment of each small tetrahedral ore quality parameter is completed. To process, you can choose the ore block to be processed or calculate the entire mining area. Various calculation parameters such as interpolation method, metal type, and color display method can be selected. In terms of the export method, the interpolated block information can be saved in a file to avoid repeated calculations in the future.
注意:当四面体网格数据很大时,为提高效率,一般采取从文件中导入和导出的方式,避免因显示而造成数据量过大导致内存不足或是影响速度等。Note: When the tetrahedron grid data is very large, in order to improve efficiency, the method of importing and exporting from the file is generally adopted, so as to avoid insufficient memory or affect the speed due to the large amount of data displayed due to display.
4.在带有品位信息的四面体网格生成后就形成了真正的三维数字矿体,就可以根据给定金属种类和其工业开采品位边界值来提取符合条件的四面体矿块,可以三维可视化显示符合条件的矿块。进而统计出储量,系统同时提供储量报告的自动生成功能。为后续的决策和生成计划开采方案提供信息基础。4. After the tetrahedral grid with grade information is generated, a real three-dimensional digital ore body is formed, and qualified tetrahedral ore blocks can be extracted according to the given metal type and its industrial mining grade boundary value, which can be three-dimensional The visualization shows eligible ore blocks. Then the reserves are counted, and the system also provides the automatic generation function of reserves reports. Provide information basis for subsequent decision-making and generation of planned mining schemes.
5.在其工业开采品位边界值变化后,系统也可以快速地重新计算出新的储量,将人从原来繁琐的重复的人工储量计算方法中解脱出来。5. After the industrial mining grade boundary value changes, the system can also quickly recalculate the new reserves, freeing people from the original tedious and repetitive manual reserve calculation methods.
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