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CN100497870C - 实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板 - Google Patents

实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板 Download PDF

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CN100497870C
CN100497870C CNB2007100276331A CN200710027633A CN100497870C CN 100497870 C CN100497870 C CN 100497870C CN B2007100276331 A CNB2007100276331 A CN B2007100276331A CN 200710027633 A CN200710027633 A CN 200710027633A CN 100497870 C CN100497870 C CN 100497870C
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吴潭波
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GUANGYANG HIGH-TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd GUANGDONG PROV
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Priority to EP20080004645 priority patent/EP1982832A3/en
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Abstract

一种实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,由实木薄片为面板(1)和单层硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板为底板(2)通过胶水粘接而成,底板(2)材料按照重量份聚氯乙烯为60~90、碳酸钙为5~20、有机锡为0~4或/和稀土钙锌为1~5、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯类三元共聚物为5~12、聚乙烯蜡为0.1~1、十八酸为0.1~1、环氧大豆油2~5,饱和脂肪酸酯0.1~0.4、铅和/或镉为<200PPM。本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,保持原木地板的自然花纹、具有防腐防潮防蛀结构稳定、干缩湿胀率小、地板安装方便的特点,并且装修后的房子没有游离甲醛释出。

Description

实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板
技术领域
一种实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,涉及复合地板结构的改进及制作方法。
背景技术
复合地板是近几年来流行的地面装饰材料,其生产方式有两种,一种是在原木粉碎后,填加胶、防腐剂、添加剂,再经热压机高温高压压制处理而成,该生产方式制造的复合地板打破了原木的物理结构,克服了原木稳定性差的弱点;但由于生产过程中所使用的胶粘剂,产生的甲醛含量控制不好,容易超限,给装修后的房子继续产生刺鼻的气味。
实木复合地板是由不同树种的板材交错层压而成,克服了实木地板单向同性的缺点,干缩湿胀率小,具有较好的尺寸稳定性,并保留了实木地板的自然木纹和舒适的脚感。实木复合木地板分为三层实木复合地板、多层实木复合地板、新型实木复合地板三种,解决了实木地板易变形不耐磨的缺陷,而且脚感特别舒服,又解决了古老的实木地板难保养的缺点,代表了强化木地板的发展方向,它的价格介于实木地板和强化复合地板之间。
申请号为02210626.X的“塑料实木复合地板”中国实用新型专利(专利权人是李忠文,专利授权公开日为030312,公告号为CN2539793),公开了一种塑料实木复合地板结构,它包括有木质层、聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料型材地板层及减震泡沫塑料层,在塑料型材地板的腔内还充填有作为支撑体的其它混合材料。在这种塑料实木复合地板中所提及的塑料材料必须采用有两种组成,一种为聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料型材,另一种为减震泡沫塑料层,在制作中聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料必须是采用空腔结构的型材,同时必须把一些混合材料充填到聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料的空腔结构的型材中作为支撑体,而且还不明示把聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料做成空腔结构的型材时,是否采用为环保物质做稳定剂的低发泡板材。因如果采用传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料,大多必须采用含铅稳定剂制作,而含铅的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料就是含重金属成份,是非环保材料,对住户会产生有害影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,该产品既可以提高优质木材利用率、减少优质木材的用量,又可以克服现有塑料复合地板中存在的采用含铅稳定剂制作的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料,并且只需要采用单层环保的硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材作为地板的基材,由于本身带有微发泡结构,不需要另外添加微发泡材料,不含重金属成份。
本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板是由两层板材通过胶水粘接而成,一层采用优质木材的实木薄片作为面板,另一层板材采用由单层环保型硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材料构成底板,两层板材的贴合面呈正交,贴合后的地板外形纵横向的硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板底板上开有榫槽结构,或凹涡凸钉结构;其中所说的底板的全部材料为:聚氯乙烯(PVC)为60~90重量份、碳酸钙(CaCO3)5~20重量份、有机锡为0~4重量份或/和稀土钙锌(La/Ca/Zn)为1~5重量份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯类三元共聚物为5~12重量份、聚乙烯蜡(PE蜡)为0.1~1重量份、硬脂酸(十八酸)为0.1~1重量份,环氧大豆油2~5重量份、饱和脂肪酸酯0.1~0.4重量份、铅和/或镉为<200PPM,用原子发射光谱分析可得到所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的底板含有如下含量的无机元素:钙Ca>1、锌Zn>1、镧La为0.1~0.01或/和锡Sn为0.1~0.01、铝AL为0.1~0.01。
采用了本发明所说结构的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,木材用量仅为纯天然木质地板木材用量的14%左右,而且具有地板花纹美观自然、脚感舒适、保温性能好、防腐、防潮防蛀使用安全的优点;合成地板延伸率较低、结构性能稳定;克服了实木地板单向同性,容易起翘、开裂的缺点、干缩湿胀率小,不吸潮、不变形、不翘曲、安装精度高、不用钉子钉、不损坏楼板、地板结构安装方便、快捷准确、安装过程及使用过程均无噪音、减震好、可拆装、可更换、阻燃效果好;其次不含有损健康的含醛粘胶,不含重金属材料,具有不污染装修房屋的环保功能,耐热隔音防老化,经久耐用、装修后的房子没有刺鼻的气味和游离甲醛的释出;除了使用寿命长,具有木材特有的全部性能以外,还具有木材所没有的防潮、防水、耐腐蚀、难燃、耐酸碱、保温、隔音、减震、强度高、绝缘性能好、可热成型的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的结构为榫槽结构示意图;
图2是本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的两层板材贴合面呈凹凸涡钉结构示意图。
如图1所示,本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板是由一层采用优质木材的实木薄片作为面板1,另一层板材采用由单层环保型硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材料构成底板2,两层板材的贴合面呈正交,贴合后的地板外形纵横向为榫槽结构,其中榫为3、槽为4。
如图2所示,本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,采用优质木材的实木薄片作为面板1,采用由单层环保型硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材料构成底板2,贴合后的地板外形纵横向为凹凸涡钉结构,其中凹涡5,凸钉6。
具体实施方式
本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,是由两层板材通过胶水粘接而成,一层是优质木材的实木薄片作为面板1,另一层板材由单层环保型硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材料构成底板2,两层板材的贴合面呈正交,中间加以不含有损健康的含醛粘胶作为黏合剂,贴合后的地板外形纵横向的硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板底板2上开有榫槽或凹凸涡钉结构。本专利所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板所说的底板2的全部材料为:聚氯乙烯(PVC)为60~90重量份、碳酸钙(CaCO3)为5~20重量份、有机锡为0~4重量份或/和稀土钙锌(La/Ca/Zn)为1~5重量份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯类三元共聚物为5~12重量份、聚乙烯蜡(PE蜡)为0.1~1重量份、硬脂酸(十八酸)为0.1~1重量份,环氧大豆油2~5重量份、饱和脂肪酸酯0.1~0.4重量份、铅和/或镉为<200PPM,用原子发射光谱分析可得到所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的底板(2)含有如下含量的无机元素:钙Ca>1、锌Zn>1、镧La为0.1~0.01或/和锡Sn为0.1~0.01、铝AL为0.1~0.01。
本发明所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板其具体制作方法是:
1、面板1的加工:
面板1多采用名贵优质硬木板材,一般厚度为0.5~5mm,其加工工艺流程如下图:
首先将实木面板1原料放入干燥窑干燥(将选好的规格材放入干燥窑内进行蒸汽脱脂,消除内应力和生理水份),达到含水率为7~9%,其次在平衡库调质(在温度20~35℃,湿度35~40%的环境下,存放7~10天)然后用四面刨刀刨光,多片锯分片,制成一定规格的薄板,最后进行表板分选
2、底板2的加工及成型:
底板2为硬质聚氯乙烯(下简称UPVC)低发泡板材,其厚度为6~13mm,其制作方法如下:
1)原料及配比:
聚氯乙烯树脂(下称PVC)用量为65~125重量份、
碳酸钙(下称CaCO3)用量为3~30重量份、
甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(或称发泡调节剂)用量为3.5~21重量份、
发泡剂用量为0.5~2.0重量份、
有机锡用量为0~4.0重量份或/和稀土钙锌稳定剂量3.0~8.75重量份、
聚乙烯蜡(下称PE蜡)用量为0.2~1.0重量份、
饱和脂肪酸的酯用量为0.1~0.5重量份、
硬脂酸(十八酸)用量为0.1~1.0重量份、
单甘酯用量为0.1~0.5重量份、
环氧大豆油(下称ESO)用量为(0~6.5)重量份、
加工助剂(下称ACR)用量为0~4.0重量份、
氯化聚乙烯(下称CPE)用量为0~6.0重量份、
钛白粉(下称TiO2)用量为0~5.0重量份
2)制备方法:
首先按照重量份将上述配方量的物质称量配料后,投入到高速搅拌机中进行高速混合8~15分钟,温度为115~120℃,后将混合料放入低速搅拌机中搅拌5~15分钟时出料,并将混合料转移到储料罐中存放一定时间后,加到聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线进行挤出,生产硬质聚氯乙烯(UPVC)低发泡底板2,其中聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线工艺温度设定如下:螺杆温度设定为140±5℃,模具温度设定为175±5℃,料筒温度设定为180±5℃
3.胶压复合:
首先将硬质聚氯乙烯(UPVC)低发泡底板2涂胶(采用防水性能好、胶合强度高、耐老化性能好、无甲醛及三苯含量的优质聚醋酸乙烯聚合物胶粘剂),粘贴用胶量为200~300g/m2.然后与实木面板1粘贴组坯,再用高频热压机进行高周波热压成型处理后放入平衡库调质
4.坯体精加工:
在粘合好后的地板坯体纵横向的硬质聚氯乙烯(UPVC)低发泡底板2处按尺寸开出榫3槽4、或制作凹涡5凸钉6结构
5.表面涂饰:
将地板坯体进行喷底漆、面漆上光处理后成为成品。
实施例一
取楠木2m3,放在干燥窑干燥(将选好的规格材放入干燥窑内进行蒸汽脱脂),消除内应力和生理水份,达到楠木含水率为7.5%→平衡库调质(在温度20~35℃,湿度35~40%的环境下,存放10天),然后按照厚度为0.5mm进行锯分片,制成实木薄板面板1备用;
称取聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)65kg、碳酸钙(CaCO3)6kg、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物8kg、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂0.8kg、月桂酸二辛基锡1.2kg、稀土钙锌稳定剂3.0Kg、聚氯乙烯蜡(PE蜡)0.2Kg、硬酯酸(也称十八酸HST)0.2kg、单甘酯0.1Kg、饱和脂肪酸酯0.1kg、环氧大豆油2.0kg、加工助剂(ACR)2.0Kg、钛白粉(TiO2)2.0后,投入到高速搅拌机中进行高速混合(温度为115~120℃,时间为10分钟),后将料放入低速搅拌机中搅拌到15分钟后出料,并将料转移到储料罐中存放24小时,然后加料到聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线进行挤出,生产硬质聚氯乙烯(UPVC)低发泡底板2。
聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线工艺温度设定如下:螺杆温度设定为145℃、模具温度设定为175±5℃、料筒1~5区温度分别设定为180±5℃、生产成聚氯乙烯低发泡底板2板材,常温下放置备用。
将硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0009152452QIETU
)低发泡底板2按照每平方米涂上220g聚醋酸乙烯聚合物胶粘剂,再与同等面积的0.5mm厚的实木楠木面板1粘贴组坯,放入高频热压机进行高周波热压成型处理后,再按照尺寸在硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0009152415QIETU
)低发泡底板2上开出榫3槽4或制作凹涡5凸钉6结构后,进行喷底漆、面漆上光处理后即得地板成品。
实施例二
取柚木2m3,放在干燥窑干燥(将选好的规格材放入干燥窑内进行蒸汽脱脂),消除内应力和生理水份,达到柚木含水率为9%→平衡库调质(在温度20~35℃,湿度35~40%的环境下,存放10天),然后按照厚度为3mm进行锯分片,制成实木薄板面板1备用;
称取聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)(K=56)100kg、碳酸钙(CaCO3)20kg、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物18kg、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂1.8kg、月桂酸二辛基锡3.5kg、聚乙烯蜡(PE蜡)1.0Kg、单甘酯0.6kg、硬脂酸(也称十八酸HST)0.3kg、饱和脂肪酸的酯0.3kg、环氧大豆油4.0kg、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)4.0Kg后,投入到高速搅拌机中进行高速混合(温度为115~120℃,时间为10分钟),后将料放入低速搅拌机中搅拌到15分钟后出料,并将料转移到储料罐中存放24小时后,然后加料到聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线进行挤出,生产硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0009152514QIETU
)低发泡底板2。
聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线工艺温度设定如下:螺杆温度设定为145℃,模具温度设定为175±5℃;料筒1~5区温度分别设定为180±5℃、,生产成聚氯乙烯低发泡板材,常温下放置备用。
Figure C200710027633D0009152547QIETU
低发泡底板2按照每平方米涂上280g聚醋酸乙烯聚合物胶粘剂,再与同等面积的3mm厚的柚木板面板1粘贴组坯,放入高频热压机进行高周波热压成型处理后,再按照尺寸在硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0010152641QIETU
)低发泡底板2上开榫槽或制作凹凸涡钉结构后,进行喷底漆、面漆上光处理后即得地板成品。
实施例三
取花梨木2m3,放在干燥窑干燥(将选好的规格材放入干燥窑内进行蒸汽脱脂),消除内应力和生理水份,达到花梨木含水率为8%→平衡库调质(在温度20~35℃,湿度35~40%的环境下,存放10天),然后按照厚度为5mm进行锯分片,制成薄板面板1备用;
称取聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)(K=56)125kg、碳酸钙(CaCO3)30kg、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物21kg、碳酸氢钠改性发泡剂2.0kg、稀土钙锌稳定剂8.75Kg、聚乙烯(PE蜡)1.0Kg、硬脂酸(也称十八酸HST)0.2kg、饱和脂肪酸酯0.4kg、环氧大豆油5.0kg、加工助剂(ACR)2.0Kg、钛白粉(TIO2)3.0Kg投入到高速搅拌机中进行高速混合(温度为115~120℃、时间为10分钟)后,将混合料放入低速搅拌机中搅拌到15分钟后出料,并将混合料转移到储料罐中存放24小时后,然后加料到聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线进行挤出,生产硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0010152702QIETU
)低发泡底板2。
聚氯乙烯板材双螺杆挤出生产线工艺温度设定如下:螺杆温度设定为145℃,模具温度设定为175±5℃,料筒1~5区温度分别设定为180±5℃,生产成聚氯乙烯低发泡板材在常温下放置备用。
将UPVC低发泡底板按照每平方米涂上260g聚醋酸乙烯聚合物胶粘剂,再与同等面积的5mm厚的花梨木板粘贴组坯,放入高频热压机进行高周波热压成型处理后,再按照尺寸在硬质聚氯乙烯(
Figure C200710027633D0010152716QIETU
)低发泡底板2开榫3槽4、或制作凹涡5凸钉6结构后,进行喷底漆、面漆上光处理后即得地板成品。
采用了本发明所说结构和工艺加工的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,可以用气相色谱质谱联用、质谱、红外光谱、X衍射等方法检测到底板2的全部材料成分含量应该为:聚氯乙烯(PVC)为60~90重量份、碳酸钙(CaCO3)为5~20重量份、有机锡为0~4重量份或/和稀土钙锌(La/Ca/Zn)为1~5重量份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯类三元共聚物为5~12重量份、聚氯乙烯蜡(PE蜡)为0.1~1重量份、硬脂酸(十八酸)为0.1~1重量份,环氧大豆油2~5重量份、饱和脂肪酸酯0.1~0.4重量份、铅和/或镉为<200PPM,用原子发射光谱分析可得到所说的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的底板(2)含有如下含量的无机元素:钙Ca>1、锌Zn>1、镧La为0.1~0.01或/和锡Sn为0.1~0.01、铝AL为0.1~0.01。
采用了本发明所说结构的实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,木材用量仅为纯天然木质地板木材用量14%左右,完全可以达到高级实木地板的品位和档次,且生产制造这种实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板的全部成本比实木地板的制造成本降低40%。

Claims (1)

1、一种实木硬质聚氯乙烯合成地板,由两层板材通过胶水粘接而成,面板(1)采用木材薄片,底板(2)板材由单层环保型硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡板材料构成,首先将硬质聚氯乙烯(UPVC)低发泡底板(2)采用无甲醛及三苯含量的聚醋酸乙烯聚合物胶粘剂涂胶,然后与实木面板(1)粘贴组坯,贴合后的地板其特征在于在底板(2)上开出榫(3)槽(4)结构、或制作凹涡(5)凸钉(6)结构,所说的底板(2)的全部材料为:聚氯乙烯为60~90重量份、碳酸钙为5~20重量份、有机锡为0~4重量份或/和稀土钙锌为1~5重量份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯类三元共聚物为5~12重量份、聚乙烯蜡为0.1~1重量份、硬脂酸为0.1~1重量份、环氧大豆油2~5重量份、饱和脂肪酸酯0.1~0.4重量份、铅和/或镉为<200PPM。
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