CN100463975C - Production of sponge iron - Google Patents
Production of sponge iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN100463975C CN100463975C CNB2006100184956A CN200610018495A CN100463975C CN 100463975 C CN100463975 C CN 100463975C CN B2006100184956 A CNB2006100184956 A CN B2006100184956A CN 200610018495 A CN200610018495 A CN 200610018495A CN 100463975 C CN100463975 C CN 100463975C
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Abstract
The invention is about the producing method of the sponge iron. The process is: (1) make the material into the double iron oxide ball; (2) put the double iron oxide ball and the reductant into the reaction tank to get the sponge iron ball mass; (3) put the mass into the thermal insulating flume to separate the reductant, to remove the C, S,O in the protection of the N2 or the H2 to produce the DRI of the low C, S, O; or to produce the non-oxidation DRI in the storage silo or the water cooling storehouse in the protection of the N2; or to roll to the hot pressed block DRI by the hot mill; or electric steelmaking. So the process can realize the high mechanical production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of direct-reduced iron is produced, especially can produce the direct-reduced iron product that electrosmelting high-quality steel is used.
Background technology
Direct-reduced iron, be called for short DRI (Direct Reductiong Iron), also claim sponge iron, be to use the low ferric oxide of foreign matter contents such as higher-grade iron ore, pellet or iron phosphorus at the solid-state metallurgic product of directly going back original production, not only can be used as the steel scrap surrogate, and be to smelt the requisite raw material of high-quality and efficient steel.Simultaneously its finished product carbon content is lower, detrimental impurity is few, its energy with raw coal that can not coking, is a kind of lack flow process, low ferrous metallurgy new technology of polluting, saving energy and reduce the cost without coke.
At present, known direct-reduced iron production technique mainly contains shaft furnace process, kiln process, tunnel furnace method and rotary hearth furnace method etc.
In the direct-reduced iron industrial production, gas-based shaft kiln method Midrex, the HYLIII method occupies absolute predominance, its main technique flow process is that raw coal is made coal gas for heating and reduction, iron ore adds shaft furnace by the boiler roof sealing jar, motion from top to bottom, heat exchange and reduction reaction take place in iron ore and reducing gas in reverse convective motion.Reduction tail gas is derived from furnace roof, returns coal gas system behind cooling and purifying.And iron ore is reduced into sponge iron, and continues to move downward, and enters the shaft furnace bottom.The cold gas of reductibility is sent into from the shaft furnace bottom, and sponge iron is carried out the protectiveness cooling.Cooled exhaust gas is derived from the shaft furnace middle part, returns coal gas system behind cooling and purifying.After sponge iron is cooled, discharge shaft furnace through the discharge with endless screw machine.The subject matter that shaft furnace exists has: the roasting air quantity is less than normal, and cooling air quantity is bigger than normal; Airflow diversion is unreasonable, and up cooling air quantity or the control of descending roasting air quantity are improper; The roasting band is weak near the air-flow of air-guiding wall side and whole soaking zone; The quality product homogeneity is not enough, and the hanging fault is arranged.
The kiln process cardinal principle is solid fuel/reductive agent and go into the kiln material and mix, and kiln hood is equipped with the air/fuel burner and carries out heat supply, along kiln height degree direction multi-form nozzle will be housed, and sprays into air and postcombustion, to adjust CO/CO
2Ratio and temperature.At comparatively high temps and higher CO/CO
2Finish reduction under the ratio, product carries out magnetic separation after entering the water-cooled cooling tank cooling of sealing.The mechanization degree height of rotary kiln, productivity output higher, single device are bigger, but rotary kiln has certain limitation, meeting at first in service brings the generation of material wearing and tearing, fragmentation and powder, if furnace charge intensity is not high, powder control is not good, interior certain point of kiln is overheated, will certainly work the ring formation problem that perplexs rotary kiln running by shadow; Secondly the coal to reductive agent and fuel also has certain requirement, has only reactive good bituminous coal and brown coal just to be suitable for; Product is subject to the influence of coal sulphur content then, needs to add sweetening agent in kiln for reducing sulphur content, has increased the difficulty of carbon residue sorting like this, causes the process cost costliness, has increased cost; In addition, have also that quality product is not high, product Pulverization ratio height, production efficiency is lower, thermo-efficiency is low, stacking factor is generally in shortcomings such as 10%-20%.
Tunnel furnace method mainly is with fine ore, coal dust, limestone powder, according to certain ratio and loading method, be respectively charged in the reduction jar, then jar is placed on the tank car, push in the bar shaped tunnel furnace or and directly be put in the annular annular kiln jar, batch can is after 1150 ℃ of preheatings add thermal bake-out tens of hours and cooling, make the fine ore reduction, obtain direct-reduced iron, this kind method can be produced the DRI that satisfies the Electric furnace steel making needs, but unit output is low, floor space is big, the cost height, labour intensity is big, and mechanization degree is low.
The rotary hearth furnace method is a new coal-based direct reduction technology, mainly contains technologies such as Inmetco-Redsmelt, Fastmet, FASTMELT and COMET abroad, mainly contains section's cutting edge of a knife or a sword rotary hearth furnace method at home.The rotary hearth furnace method mainly is: at first will make ball behind iron content powder, coal dust material, the sweetening agent mixing, or make ball and carry out layer-by-layer distribution as the cancellation of COMET method; Then with adding after mixed uniformly raw material stoving and the preheating in the rotary hearth furnace,, be discharged in the hot transfer cask of refractory materials after furnace charge finishes through preheating zone, reduction zone, neutral zone reaction successively or cooling fast along with the rotation of furnace bottom.The sulphur content of ubiquity product can not satisfy the requirement of Electric furnace steel making in this method, also has the problem that reoxidizes of DRI in addition, causes the degree of metalization of product lower.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of new production of sponge iron in order to overcome defective and the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists.Present method has adopted the shaft kiln directly reduced middle top-down continuously-running duty of material, but heating and reduction mode are different from shaft furnace process again; Adopted the muffle type of heating of tunnel furnace method, and don't be same as the heating of retort monomer and the static reduction type of cooling of material in the tunnel furnace, thereby realized high mechanization production sponge iron by the chassis operation.
Production of sponge iron, carry out according to the following steps: the preparation of (1), raw material: with the powdered iron ore and the binding agent mixed pelletizing of oxides-containing iron, the iron ball skin is stained with one deck carbon dust and is oxidized to double-deck iron oxide pellet through high-temperature flue gas again; (2), directly reduction: in the SiC retort in double-deck iron oxide pellet and hard coal or the coke end adding reduction furnace, material is carried out preheating and reduction, material is operation automatically continuously from top to bottom, material moves 10-15 hours in retort, the retort middle and upper part is a ferric oxide pellet, and the bottom is sponge iron pelletizing (DRI); (3), the thermal treatment of coming out of the stove: the sponge iron pelletizing that makes is fallen into the insulation skewed slot of reduction furnace bottom automatically, falling into useless reductive agent collection bucket after through closed vibratory separator reductive agent being sieved, the DRI pelletizing of heat falls into band N
2In the insulation tank car of gas shiled, or feed H
2Take off the thermal treatment of C, S, O, produce the DRI of low C, S, O; Or at N
2Transport to storage bin under the gas shiled, or band N
2The water cooling storehouse of gas shiled, the sponge iron pelletizing (DRI) of preparation non-oxidation; Or in the insulation storehouse of band N2 gas shiled, link to each other with hot rolls, the DRI of heat is rolled into hot wafering DRI; Or transport to steelshop and directly advance Electric furnace steel making.
1:0.2-0.5 is counted at double-deck iron oxide pellet that adds and pulverized anthracite or coke end by weight.
The upper temp of the SiC retort in the reduction furnace is 800～900 ℃, and the middle and lower part is 1100～1200 ℃.Reduction furnace heats with coal gas, natural gas or oil.
Advantage of the present invention:
(1), bilayer is made ball
Tradition in the reducing process be with brown iron oxide such as fine ore with cause after binding agent mixes ball direct with the reduction of packing into after reductive agent mixes, often occur boning between DRI ball and the ball, ball and furnace wall (or retort) bonds, has a strong impact on production run.
In order to overcome this shortcoming, this technology has been invented double-deck playing skill art, the ferric oxide pellet that is about to cause is stained with the gas-pervious reductive agent of one deck after solidifying again, material still can be carried out the reducing process process during reduction, make between ball and the ball again, adhesion between ball and furnace wall or the retort, guarantee to produce and carry out smoothly;
(2), reduction furnace structure
1, present technique has fully utilized the material running technology of shaft furnace, has used sophisticated tunnel furnace heating technique again, has avoided the weakness of two kinds of stoves;
2, in stove, carry out the wide section type of furnace, and in the production of reduced iron the wideest only 3.5m of tunnel furnace section;
3, double-deck SiC jar is carried out inside and outside heating, and diathermanous size shortens 50% under identical section heating state;
4, cooling zone changes thermal treatment in stove, and preheating in shaft furnace, reduces, is cooled to one;
(3), the innovation of retort---ventilative retort: adopted gas-pervious retort on retort top, reactant gases has been entered in the combustion chamber recycle, reduced the external system that reactor reclaims, energy efficient and investment;
(4), the protection heat preservation hot hot feed technique of coming out of the stove
1, sponge iron (DRI) is carried out the thermal separation of coming out of the stove with reductive agent;
2, use N
2After protection transportation and the thermal treatment, increase the product iron-holder and carry out many variety production;
Material carries out the anaerobic heat-transmission and send steel-making.
(5), recovery and utilization technology
The exhausted reductive agent returns coal burning system after handling by screening, and can supply gas making behind the coal-fired mixing moulding, the saving gas-making coal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the used reduction furnace of the present invention.Among the figure, the 1-preheating zone, 2-adds the thermal reduction reaction band, and 3-fume exhaust system, 4-burn to be chewed, and the outer retort of 5-is burnt in the 6-internal reaction jar, 7-and is chewed 8-thermal insulation layer, 9-feed opening.
Embodiment
Reducing process specifies
(2), the raw material mixing moulding, bilayer is made ball, briquetting, internal layer is a ferric oxide pellet, skin is the agglutinating reductive agent, is mixed in the special-purpose truck with reductive agent.
(3), raw material and reductive agent are packed into simultaneously carry out preheating and reduction in the double-deck retort in the reduction furnace by mould being housed and having the lifting device billy gate.
The internal reaction jar that (four), Φ 300 is arranged in each retort in the reduction furnace, heat inside and outside retort with coal gas, also can adorn the exhausted reductive agent in the middle of the retort and mix a certain amount of fire coal and be pressed into cellular being placed in one, burn, carry out energy-saving internal heating by automatic wind exhaust.
(5), reduction furnace taked the furnace charge operation scheme of shaft furnace and the type of heating of tunnel furnace, gets its chief, keeps away its weak point, alone becomes one.
The structure of reduction furnace as shown in Figure 2, be designed to high by 7000 * wide by 5500 * long by 8000, reduction furnace height, wide, the long interior dimensions that is, every row has 4 of the high retort of Φ 1000 * 7000,6 rows, totally 24.
The high 7000mm of retort is provided with upper, middle and lower according to its height and arranges to burn more and chew on the stove both sides, 1/3 top is the preheating zone in the stove, and 2/3 bottom is for adding the thermal reduction reaction band.Burning is chewed and the injection that is oriented in a tangential direction of peripheral round can, forms the turbulent flow type heating and makes furnace temperature even.Acid pellet and reductive agent are continuously from last adding, and the spherical DRI of reduzate opens and closes and the amount of flowing down from the bottom by the hydraulic pressure gate control, is discharged in the vibrating bed continuously.
(6), DRI and useless reductive agent are carried out thermal separation, DRI enters logical N with the vibrating bed of band barrier
2In the anti-oxidation insulation tank car of gas and in the useless reductive agent collection bucket, wait to be transported in the reductive agent storehouse and separate.Can with the particle reductive agent allocate into again and carry out recycle, energy efficient in the reductive agent.
(7), DRI still has 800～900 ℃ of temperature in the insulation truck, can carry out by regulating protective atmosphere: 1. logical N
2Carry out the non-oxidation cooling, than traditional direct cooling, its O
2Content reduces about 2%; 2. adopt logical N
2+ H
2The insulation cooling at 800～900 ℃ of insulation 1-2h, can realize falling the heat treatment process of C, S, produces the DRI of low C, S; 3. can heat deliver in the insulation feed bin, realize that hot wafering or hot charging are in steel melting furnace.By 500 ℃ of hot chargings, can economize on electricity 10～20%.
Typical feature of the present invention:
Adopt the material operation mode of shaft furnace, but be different from the heating and cooling mode of shaft furnace; Adopt The passage mode of tunnel cave muffle heating, but be different from tunnel cave individual layer mode of heating, and inside and outside adopting Mode of heating.
1, furnace charge is subjected to inside and outside heating in stove, and realization fast restore and heat are come out of the stove;
2, reaction gas second-time burning in stove helps the thermal center energy;
3, the same passage of a stove porous, thermal efficiency height, and can realize the many variety production of a stove;
4, two step reduction method: a step directly reduces, and two steps utilized waste heat to heat-treat;
5, by leading to into N2、H
2, the protective gas such as coal gas effectively regulates C, S, O in the sponge iron, Can carry out the high-grade sponge iron of no secondary oxidation: iron-holder can reach more than 97%, low C, S, O its Middle C≤0.20%, S≤0.02%, 0≤1.00%, powder used in metallurgy and cooling agent sponge iron; Ooze the C agent with high C sponge iron etc.;
6, regulate the quality of sponge iron of coming out of the stove by intercalated water sleeve or cool-bag, and can realize remote The hot delivery and hot charging stove is saved the steel-making energy consumption;
7, can directly production high density hot pressing (rolling) piece sponge iron;
8, production process is carried out machinery makeup discharging easily, improves the work environment and works by force with the reduction workman Degree;
9, do not have the faults such as bonding, hanging, equipment is reliable;
10, useless reducing agent recycling rate height, energy efficient;
11, can produce spherical, bar-shaped, ring-type, the various shape sponge iron such as tabular;
12, be applicable to mine use fine ore, high grade iron ore large-scale production DRI, also be suitable for Use steel rolling oxidation iron sheet and steel mill's ion dust mud contaning to produce DRI in metallurgical enterprise and carry out the circulation comprehensive profit With;
13, by the vibration transportation thermal sponge iron and reducing agent are carried out thermal release.
Claims (1)
1. production of sponge iron, carry out according to the following steps: the preparation of (1), raw material: with the powdered iron ore and the binding agent mixed pelletizing of oxides-containing iron, the iron ball skin is stained with one deck carbon dust and is oxidized to double-deck iron oxide pellet through high-temperature flue gas again; (2), directly reduction: double-deck iron oxide pellet and hard coal or coke end are added in the double-deck SiC retort of the inside and outside heating in the reduction furnace that is fixed on the tunnel furnace formula, wherein 1:0.2-0.5 is counted at double-deck iron oxide pellet of Jia Ruing and pulverized anthracite or coke end by weight, material is carried out preheating and reduction, material is operation automatically continuously from top to bottom, material moves 10-15 hours in retort, wherein, the upper temp of the SiC retort in the reduction furnace is 800～900 ℃, the middle and lower part is 1100～1200 ℃, the retort middle and upper part is a ferric oxide pellet, and the bottom is the sponge iron pelletizing; (3), the thermal treatment of coming out of the stove: the sponge iron pelletizing that makes is fallen into the insulation skewed slot of reduction furnace bottom automatically, falling into useless reductive agent collection bucket after through closed vibratory separator reductive agent being sieved, the DRI pelletizing of heat falls into band N
2In the insulation tank car of gas shiled, then, perhaps feed H
2Take off treatment production low C, the S of C, S, O, the DRI of O; Perhaps feed N
2Gas carries out the sponge iron pelletizing of non-oxidation cooling preparation non-oxidation; Perhaps the DRI pelletizing of heat is being with N
2The insulation storehouse of gas shiled links to each other with hot rolls, and the DRI of heat is rolled into hot wafering DRI; Perhaps transport to steelshop and directly advance Electric furnace steel making.
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| CNB2006100184956A CN100463975C (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Production of sponge iron |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100184956A CN100463975C (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Production of sponge iron |
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| CN1818081A CN1818081A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| CN100463975C true CN100463975C (en) | 2009-02-25 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102878809A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 张锡昆 | Combination roasting furnace |
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| JP5053011B2 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2012-10-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Temperature control method for reduced iron for hot forming |
| CN101988136B (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2013-05-08 | 洛阳中冶重工机械有限公司 | Automatic production line for directly reducing iron |
| CN102912061A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-06 | 贵州新天地设备有限公司 | Reduction furnace with inner heating containers for producing direct induction iron |
| CN102994679A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-03-27 | 武汉桂坤科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for producing high-quality sponge iron for reduced iron powder |
| CN111893235A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2020-11-06 | 沙特基础工业公司 | Method and composition for reducing the adherence of iron oxide pellets used in direct reduction processes |
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| CN111321264A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 北票新正粉末冶金有限公司 | Preparation method of sponge iron |
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| CN112941262B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Gas-based reduction simulation device and gas-based reduction simulation method |
| CN113736941B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-11-29 | 重庆赛迪热工环保工程技术有限公司 | Iron-containing dust and mud recycling method |
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| CN1134983A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-06 | 北京科技大学 | Process for prodn. of spongy iron or metallized ball block |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102878809A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-01-16 | 张锡昆 | Combination roasting furnace |
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Effective date of registration: 20170602 Address after: 430223 Hubei city of Wuhan province East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Shiyuan Road No. 6 Building 2, No. 401 Patentee after: Wuhan science and Technology Co., Ltd. sready Address before: 430081 128-74-11, Qingshan District, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee before: Guikun Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan |