CN100459969C - 阳离子决明衍生物及其应用 - Google Patents
阳离子决明衍生物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100459969C CN100459969C CNB2004800170929A CN200480017092A CN100459969C CN 100459969 C CN100459969 C CN 100459969C CN B2004800170929 A CNB2004800170929 A CN B2004800170929A CN 200480017092 A CN200480017092 A CN 200480017092A CN 100459969 C CN100459969 C CN 100459969C
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- personal care
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- polygalactomannan
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- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H trimagnesium;(2r)-2-[(1s)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2h-furan-5-one;diphosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O HTJNEBVCZXHBNJ-XCTPRCOBSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1CO1 PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及由决明和草决明制成的阳离子衍生的聚半乳甘露聚糖,以及它们在个人护理、居家护理和公共护理组合物中的应用。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
[0001]该申请要求2003年6月19日提交的美国临时申请60/479,793的优先权。
技术领域
[0002]一般地,本发明涉及聚半乳甘露聚糖衍生物。更具体地,本发明涉及由决明(Cassia tora)和草决明(Cassia obtusifolia)获得的阳离子衍生的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物,以及它们在个人护理、保健、居家、公共和工业产品等中的应用。阳离子衍生的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物可以用作增稠剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、铺展助剂以及用于提高化学及生理活性成分的功效、沉积和输送的载体。除此之外,这些聚合物可以用于提高包括这些聚合物的化妆品制剂的心理感觉和美学性能。
背景技术
[0003]聚半乳甘露聚糖是从豆科植物种子的胚乳中发现的多糖,所述豆科植物如cyamopsis tetragonoloba(瓜尔胶)、Cesalpiniaspinosa(刺云实树胶)、Ceratonia siliqua(刺槐豆胶)以及豆科家族其它成员。聚半乳甘露聚糖由1→4连接的β-D-甘露吡喃糖单元骨架与重复的1→6连接的α-D-半乳糖侧基组成,所述半乳糖侧基接到骨架中甘露吡喃糖残基的C-6原子上。不同豆科属的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物在其接枝到聚甘露吡喃糖骨架上的半乳糖侧链单元出现的频率方面不同。瓜尔胶中含有的聚半乳甘露聚糖中,其D-甘露糖与D-半乳糖单元的平均比为约2:1,对于刺云实树胶为约3:1,对于刺槐豆胶为约4:1。聚半乳甘露聚糖的另一个重要来源是决明和草决明(统称做决明胶(Cassia gum))。决明胶中含有的聚半乳甘露聚糖中的D-甘露糖与D-半乳糖单元的平均比为约5:1。
[0004]由决明胶得到的聚半乳甘露聚糖用图表示结构如下:
聚甘露糖骨架重复单元
其中,n表示约15-约35的整数。另一实施方案中,n表示约20-约30的整数。本发明又一实施方案中,本发明的聚半乳甘露聚糖的数均分子量为约200,000-约300,000(用聚苯乙烯作标准的GPC方法)。
[0005]聚半乳甘露聚糖是对水具有高亲合性的水凝胶。它们在如食品、涂料、个人护理组合物以及油井压裂液的不同应用中,被广泛地用作悬浮剂、增稠剂、乳化剂和胶凝剂。尽管这些聚合物在应用中取得了巨大的成功,但是从水溶性的角度看,使用自然形式的聚半乳甘露聚糖时还是遇到了一些缺陷。未取代的聚甘露糖骨架完全不溶于水。在聚甘露糖骨架的重复甘露糖残基的C-6原子上连接有半乳糖侧基单元增加了聚合物的水溶性,尤其是冷水中的溶解性(即室温和低于室温)。半乳糖侧链单元的取代度越大,聚半乳甘露聚糖在冷水中的溶解性越高。因此,聚半乳甘露聚糖中D-甘露糖单元与D-半乳糖单元的比例越低,冷水溶解性越好。例如,包含在瓜尔胶中的聚半乳甘露聚糖(D-甘露糖单元与D-半乳糖单元的平均比例为2:1)可溶于冷水,而由决明胶得到的聚半乳甘露聚糖(D-甘露糖单元与D-半乳糖单元的平均比例为5:1)仅仅微溶于冷水和热水。
[0006]Bayerlein等人的美国专利4,753,659尤其公开了,通过化学改性聚半乳甘露聚糖能够提高决明胶的冷水溶解度。并公开了决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖与选择的试剂反应,生成C-6取代的衍生物。例举的反应产物包括C-6取代的和未取代的烷基醚、C-6取代的磷酸酯和C-6取代的季铵化合物。对于化学改性的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖所公开的用途包括织物印刷应用、油井压裂液、采矿和爆破应用。
[0007]Chowdhary等人的美国专利5,733,854公开了化学改性的瓜尔胶及其制备方法。根据Chowdhary等人的专利,当分散在水性溶剂或有机溶剂中时,阳离子衍生的瓜尔胶聚半乳甘露聚糖形成无色透明溶液。对于阳离子衍生的瓜尔胶所公开的应用包括将其混入人和居家应用的清洁剂组合物中。公开的其它应用包括个人护理和化妆应用。没有公开阳离子衍生的决明胶在个人护理、医药、居家护理或化妆制剂中的应用。
[0008]阳离子衍生的瓜尔胶聚半乳甘露聚糖的内在缺陷是包含在聚甘露糖骨架上的半乳糖侧链单元的比例高。对于每两个甘露糖骨架重复单元就有一个半乳糖侧链单元。半乳糖侧链单元阻碍了甘露糖骨架单元的C-6原子上的羟基接近衍生试剂。对于大部分来说,仅仅半乳糖侧链单元上的C-6羟基可以被衍生试剂接近从而进行官能化。因此,瓜尔胶聚半乳甘露聚糖上的阳离子基团的取代度较低。
[0009]因此,存在对分子取代度高的衍生聚半乳甘露聚糖的需求,它适合用于增稠剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、铺展助剂和用于提高化学、化妆和生理活性成分的功效、沉积和输送的载体。
例举实施方案的描述
[0010]下面将描述本发明的例举实施方案。根据本文所述的这些例举实施方案,对于本领域技术人员来说,对它的各种改进、适应性修改或改变将变得显而易见。应当理解,根据本发明教导的这些改进、适应性修改或改变将被认为包括在本发明范围和精神范围内,和通过这些改进、适应性修改或改变,所述的这些教导将推进本领域。
[0011]一方面,本发明的实施方案涉及聚半乳甘露聚糖组合物,其被衍生处理从而比现有的聚半乳甘露聚糖组合物具有更高的分子取代度。在本发明的一些实施方案中,从决明和草决明(决明胶)种子的胚乳中分离的聚半乳甘露聚糖被后官能化为含有重复侧挂非离子、阴离子和阳离子部分。本发明的一些例举实施方案涉及阳离子改性的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖。其它实施方案涉及分子取代的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖,它们非常适合用作增稠剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、铺展助剂以及用于提高化学及生理活性成分的功效、沉积和输送的载体。还有一些其它实施方案涉及含有分子取代的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖的个人护理、居家护理、食品和工业组合物。
[0012]整个说明书中,术语“分子取代的”和“分子取代”表示在决明胶衍生的聚半乳甘露聚糖的半乳糖侧基单元的C-6碳原子和/或甘露糖重复骨架单元的C-6碳原子上悬挂选自含有非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性离子部分以及它们组合的取代基。含有这些部分的功能化试剂与羟基反应,所述羟基连接到组成决明胶衍生的聚半乳甘露聚糖的半乳糖及甘露糖残基的C-6碳原子上。换句话说,羟基被来自官能化试剂的部分代替。在一个实施方案中,C-6碳原子上的羟基被来
聚半乳甘露聚糖骨架重复单元
[0013]本发明一些实施方案中,R独立地表示氢原子、非离子基团、阴离子基团、阳离子基团和两性基团,前提是所有R基团不能同时为氢原子。其它实施方案中,R独立地选自式:-AR1
其中,A是含有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基间隔基,R1表示非离子取代基、阴离子取代基、阳离子取代基和两性取代基。另一实施方案中,亚烷基含有2、3、4或5个碳原子。亚烷基间隔基任选地被选自下面的基团单取代或多取代:C1-C3烷基、C1-C3卤代烷基、C1-C3羟烷基、羟基、卤原子(溴原子、氯原子、氟原子和碘原子)以及它们的组合。例举的非离子R1取代基是-OH。-AR1定义下的说明性非离子基团可以用下式表示:-亚烷基-OH
其中,亚烷基间隔基定义如上。代表性的非离子基团包括但不限于羟甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基和羟丁基。
[0014]例举的阴离子R1取代基是-COOH、-SO3H、-OP(O)(OH)(OH)和-P(O)(OH)(OH)。-AR1定义下的说明性阴离子基团可以用下式表示:
-亚烷基-COOH
-亚烷基-SO3H
-亚烷基-OP(O)(OH)(OH)
-亚烷基-P(O)(OH)(OH)
其中,亚烷基间隔基定义如上。代表性的阴离子基团包括但不限于羧甲基、羧乙基和羧丙基。
[0015]R1定义下的例举阳离子取代基包括基团-N(R2)2表示的伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,以及基团-N(R3)3 +X-,-S(R3)2 +X-,-P(R3)3 +X-表示的季铵、锍和鏻衍生物,其中R2独立地表示氢原子、直链或支链C1-C5烷基、苯基和苄基;R3独立地表示C1-C24烷基、苄基和苯基;X是平衡鎓阳离子上的电荷的合适阴离子。一个实施方案中,X是选自溴原子、氯原子、氟原子和碘原子的卤阴离子。R2和R3定义下的烷基、苄基和苯基取代基可以任选地用选自C1-C3烷基、羟基、卤原子(溴原子、氯原子、氟原子和碘原子)以及它们组合的基团单取代或多取代。-AR1定义下的说明性阳离子基团可以用下式表示:
-亚烷基-N(R2)2
-亚烷基-N(R3)3 +X-
-亚烷基-S(R3)2 +X-
-亚烷基-P(R3)3 +X-
其中,亚烷基、R2、R3和X定义如上。-AR1定义下的代表性阳离子基团是季铵基团,它包括但不限于下式:
其中,R3选自甲基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、椰油烷基、十二烷基和十八烷基,R4选自氢原子和氯原子。
[0016]两性取代基是既含有正电荷又含有负电荷的任何基团或残基。代表性的两性取代基包括甜菜碱、氨基酸、二肽、三肽和多肽残基。
[0017]未衍生的决明胶或决明粉可以Diagum商标从Noveon,Inc.商购。如上所述,决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖的衍生发生在半乳糖侧基单元和/或骨架甘露糖重复单元的C-6羟基上。半乳糖侧基单元的空间位阻控制了能够发生在聚半乳甘露聚糖的C-6羟基上的取代量。决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖在C-6羟基的取代度上不同于其它聚半乳甘露聚糖,这是因为决明的结构提供了更容易接近(即,更低空间位阻)的C-6羟基反应位,从而产生更高的官能团取代度。在其中发生离子基取代的本发明实施方案中,与类似衍生的现有聚半乳甘露聚糖相比,衍生的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖的电荷密度范围将更宽。在本发明一些实施方案中,季铵阳离子取代度可高达60%以及更高。术语“取代度”表示用改性取代基(例如,5个可得的C-6羟基中的3个被改性)改性了的每个聚半乳甘露聚糖重复单元(用上述括号内重复单元结构表示)中可得的C-6羟基的百分比。相反,衍生的现有瓜尔聚半乳甘露聚糖的取代度仅为33%。
[0018]决明聚半乳甘露聚糖C-6羟基的衍生可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法完成。一般来说,C-6羟基可与能够与其共反应的任何官能化试剂反应。例如,为了用本发明的非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性取代基官能化C-6羟基,使决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖上的C-6羟基与官能化试剂反应,所述试剂含有相应的非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性取代基,以及能够与C-6羟基反应的官能团部分。官能化反应是在适宜温度下在合适溶剂中进行的。通过调整加入到决明聚半乳甘露聚糖中的官能化试剂的化学计量量,能够控制聚半乳甘露聚糖C-6羟基原子上的官能团取代的数量(取代度)。对于决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖的官能化方法描述于美国专利4,753,659中,该文献被引入本文中以供参考。衍生聚半乳甘露聚糖的其它方法参见美国专利5,733,854。
[0019]在例举反应中,决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖能够用共反应性的季铵化合物官能化,所述季铵化合物含有环氧基团或卤代醇基团。在一个实施方案中,在碱性水介质中,在约52℃下,决明聚半乳甘露聚糖能够与缩水甘油基三甲基氯化铵(75%水溶液)反应,生成所需要的2-羟基-3-(三甲基铵)丙基决明半乳甘露聚糖氯化物。该反应用下
[0020]决明胶的化学改性在骨架上引入了非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性离子部分和其组合。这种化学改性造成各种物性的变化。例如,衍生的决明胶具有冷水溶解性或其提高了冷水溶解性。它能够在冷水中形成水合物,并且通过在冷水中形成胶体触变分散液产生粘度。
[0021]本发明的一些实施方案涉及阳离子决明衍生物在个人护理、卫生保健、居家、公共和工业产品应用等中作为多官能聚合物成分的应用。阳离子决明聚合物可以用作乳化剂、铺展助剂以及用于提高化学和生理活性成分以及化妆材料的功效、沉积和输送的载体,以及用于提高包括它们的制剂的心理感觉和美学性能的载体。本文中所用的术语“个人护理产品”包括但不限于化妆品、梳妆用品、药疗化妆品、美容助剂、用于人类和动物的皮肤、头发、头皮和指甲上的个人卫生和清洁产品。本发明所用的术语“卫生保健产品”包括但不限于药品、药物化妆品、口腔护理产品(嘴、牙齿)、眼睛护理产品、耳朵护理产品、和OTC产品和应用,如贴片、膏药、敷料等。该术语还包括外部使用或深入人体和动物体内部用于改善与健康有关或医疗状况的医疗器件。术语“体”包括整个身体(面、躯干、四肢、手和脚)的角质(头发、指甲)和非角质皮肤部位,人体开孔的组织和眼睛。术语“皮肤”包括头皮和粘膜。本发明所用的术语“居家护理产品”包括但不限于家庭里用于保护和/或清洁表面的产品,包括用于保持厨房和浴室的卫生条件的抗菌清洁产品,以及用于清洁织物等的洗涤产品等。本发明所用的术语“公共和工业产品”包括但不限于在包括医院和卫生保健部门的工业和公共环境中,用于保护和/或清洁或维持卫生条件所用的产品等。
[0022]在给定的组合物或应用中,本发明的阳离子决明衍生物能够(但不是必须)起一种以上的功能,如增稠剂和调理剂、成膜剂和载体或沉积助剂等。可以采用的阳离子决明衍生物的量取决于在制剂中使用它们的目的,并且可以由制剂领域的熟练技术人员确定。因此,只要达到了物理化学性能和功效,以组合物总重量计,有用的阳离子决明衍生物的量通常在约0.01%至约25%范围内变化,但是并不限于此。
[0023]含有阳离子决明衍生物的组合物可以包装在容器中并从中分配,所述容器非限定性地例如瓶、管、喷雾器、抹布、滚擦式容器、贴片等。对可以混入这些衍生物的产品的形式没有限制,只要达到了使用该产品的目的。例如,含有阳离子决明衍生物的个人和卫生保健产品可以涂布到皮肤、头发、头皮和指甲上,或者涂布到硬表面或洗涤织物上,而不管它是胶体、喷雾(液体或泡沫)、乳液(乳膏、洗液、糊剂)、液体(洗液、香波)、棒、软膏、栓剂等形式。
[0024]本发明的阳离子决明衍生物适合用于制备个人护理(化妆品、梳妆用品、药疗化妆品)和局部卫生护理产品,包括但不限于头发护理产品(香波、组合香波如二合一调理香波),香波后漂洗液,定型和保持发型剂(包括定型助剂如发胶和喷雾剂、化妆助剂如发蜡、调理剂、烫发用品、松弛剂、头发光滑产品等),皮肤护理制品(脸、身体、手、头皮和脚)如乳膏、洗液和清洁产品、防粉刺产品、抗老化产品(剥离剂、溶角蛋白剂、抗蜂窝炎剂、防皱等),皮肤保护剂(防晒产品如防晒霜、遮阳、阻隔乳膏、油、硅氧烷等),皮肤着色产品(增白剂、光亮剂、无太阳晒黑促进剂等),染发剂(头发染料、染发洗液、高亮剂、漂白剂等),有色皮肤染色剂(脸和身体化妆、粉底乳膏、染眉毛油、口红、护唇产品等),沐浴产品(身体清洁剂、身体洗液、淋浴胶、液体肥皂、肥皂块、合成洗涤块、调节液体沐浴油、水泡浴、沐浴粉等),指甲护理产品(抛光剂、抛光清除剂、增强剂、增长剂、硬化剂、表皮清除剂、软化剂等)。
[0025]包括阳离子决明衍生物的梳妆和卫生美容助剂包括但不限于脱发产品(刮胡须乳膏和洗液、脱毛剂、刮胡须后皮肤调理剂等);除臭剂和防汗剂;口腔护理产品(嘴、牙齿、牙龈)如漱口水、牙粉如牙膏、牙粉、牙齿抛光剂、牙齿增白剂、呼吸清凉剂、托牙粘合剂等;面部和身体头发漂白剂等。含有阳离子决明衍生物的其它卫生和美容助剂包括但不限于含有合成晒黑促进剂如二羟基丙酮(DHA)、酪氨酸、酪氨酸酯等的无太阳晒黑应用;含有活性成分如曲酸、氢醌、熊果甙、水果、蔬菜或植物提取物(柠檬果皮提取物、洋甘菊、绿茶、桑椹提取物等)、抗坏血酸和其衍生物抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯、抗坏血酸磷酸镁等)的皮肤脱色、增白和光亮制剂;脚部护理产品,如角质软化的鸡眼和茧除去剂、脚浸泡液、脚粉(治疗的如抗真菌脚癣粉、软膏、喷剂等,防汗剂粉末或非治疗效果的吸湿粉)、脚部喷剂(非治疗作用的,如冷却、除臭喷剂等)、和脚部和趾甲调理剂(洗液、乳膏、趾甲软化剂等)。
[0026]包括阳离子决明衍生物作为铺展助剂和成膜剂的局部卫生和美容助剂包括但不限于保护皮肤喷剂、乳膏、洗液、凝胶、贴片、粉末产品如昆虫驱赶剂、止痒、抗菌剂、消毒剂、遮阳剂、防晒剂、皮肤紧缩和调色奶液和洗液、除疣组合物等。
[0027]阳离子决明衍生物尤其用作颗粒的悬浮剂,使之适合用于含有颗粒、微摩擦剂和摩擦剂的皮肤产品,如沐浴凝胶、含有表皮脱落擦洗剂的化妆和皮肤清洁剂。典型的颗粒包括但不限于壳、种子和石头粒,如杏仁、杏(种子、壳的粉末、壳)、鳄梨、椰子、玉米穗轴、橄榄、桃子、蔷薇果种子、胡桃壳等,硅酸铝、西蒙得木(蜡、种子粉)、牡蛎壳粉、均匀的樱草种子、研磨的赤豆等,聚乙烯(颗粒、小球)、聚乙烯(和)羟基纤维素颗粒、微晶纤维素、聚苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯(和)滑石颗粒、研磨的浮石、研磨的丝瓜、研磨的海藻、大米、燕麦皮、硅石(水合的、胶体等)、研磨的蛋壳、研磨的罂粟壳、盐如氯化钠、死海盐等,和它们的混合物。
[0028]阳离子决明衍生物可以在多种皮肤病学、药疗化妆品组合物中用作增稠剂和成膜剂,所述组合物用于局部改善由于老化、干燥、光损伤、粉刺等引起的皮肤状况,包括调理剂、湿润剂、抗氧化剂、剥离剂、溶角蛋白剂、维生素等。阳离子决明衍生物可以用作增稠剂,用于活性皮肤处理洗液和乳膏,其含有作为活性成分的酸性防老化剂、抗蜂窝炎剂和防粉刺剂如α-羟基酸(AHA)、β-羟基酸(BHA)、α-氨基酸、α-酮酸(AKA)和它们的混合物。在这些药疗化妆品中,AHA可包括但不限于乳酸,乙醇酸,果酸如苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸,含有AHA的天然化合物的提取物如苹果提取物、杏提取物等,蜂蜜提取物,2-羟基辛酸,甘油酸(二羟基丙酸),丙醇二酸(羟基丙烷二酸),葡糖酸,杏仁酸,二苯乙醇酸,壬二酸,乙酸,α-lopioc acid,水杨酸,AHA盐和衍生物,如精氨酸羟乙酸盐、乳酸铵、乳酸钠、α-羟基丁酸、α-羟基异丁酸、α-羟基异癸酸、α-羟基异戊酸、阿卓乳酸等。BHA可包括但不限于3-羟基丙酸、β-羟基丁酸、β-苯基乳酸、β-苯基丙酮酸等。α-氨基酸包括但不限于α-氨基二羧酸如天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、和它们的混合物,有时与果酸组合使用。AKA包括丙酮酸。有些抗老化组合物中,酸性活性剂可以是视黄酸、卤代羧酸如三氯乙酸、酸性抗氧剂如抗坏血酸(维生素C)、无机酸、植酸、溶血磷脂酸等。举例说明,有些抗粉刺剂可包括水杨酸、水杨酸衍生物如5-辛酰基水杨酸、视黄酸及其衍生物。
[0029]包括阳离子决明衍生物的其它卫生保健产品包括医疗制品,如局部和非局部药物和器件。在药物制剂中,阳离子决明衍生物可以用作增稠剂和/或润膏剂,用于例如但不限于乳膏、润发脂、凝胶、糊剂、软膏、药片、胶囊、导泻液(灌肠剂、催吐药、结肠药等)、栓剂、抗真菌泡沫、眼用产品(眼用产品如眼泪、人工眼泪、青光眼药物、输送滴液、隐形镜片清洁剂等)、耳朵用产品(蜡软化剂、蜡除去剂、耳炎药物输送滴液等)、鼻子用产品(滴液、软膏、喷剂等)、伤口护理(液体绷带、伤口敷料、抗生素乳膏、软膏等)的产品中。
[0030]阳离子决明衍生物可以在居家护理、公共和工业应用(I&I)中用作流变改性剂、织物调理剂,尤其是通过粘附在表面上来提高功效,或者提高消毒剂和杀微生物制剂的功效,以及与传统织物软化剂一起协同地提高织物软化功效。含有阳离子决明衍生物的典型居家和I&I产品包括但不限于洗涤和织物护理产品如洗涤剂、织物软化剂(液体或片材)、熨烫喷雾剂、干洗助剂、防皱喷雾剂、污渍除去剂等;用于厨房和浴室以及本发明中采用或设置的工具和器具的硬表面清洁剂,如抽水马桶凝胶、浴盆和喷淋管清洁剂、硬水沉积物清除剂、地板和瓷砖清洁剂、墙壁清洁剂、地板和镀铬家具抛光剂、碱性可剥离的乙烯基树脂地板清洁剂、大理石和瓷砖清洁剂、空气清新剂凝胶、用于餐具的液体清洁剂等;消毒清洁剂如抽水马桶和坐浴盆清洁剂、消毒洗手肥皂、房间除臭剂等。
[0031]阳离子决明衍生物可以用作工业产品应用中的流变改性剂、分散剂、稳定剂、促进剂等,所述工业产品应用例如但不限于织物加工、整理、印刷和印染助剂,保护性可洗涤表面涂层,通过浸透无纺织物、针织织物或无纺织物和天然或合成纤维来制造合成皮革;水处理(废水、冷却水、饮用水净化等);化学品排放污染(酸性排放吸收剂等);皮革和兽皮(加工助剂、整理、压印等);纸和造纸(表面涂层,如彩色涂层、抗静电涂层等、浆粕粘合剂、表面施胶剂、干和湿强度提高剂、制造合成纤维如无纺织物、湿法成网毛毡等);印刷(油墨、防芯吸喷墨打印机油墨、在用于在丙烯酸织物上印刷的含有阳离子染料的油墨制剂中用作增稠剂等);涂料(颜料和研磨添加剂、环氧乳胶的交联剂、用于粘土、颜料等的颗粒悬浮助剂);工厂排放物处理(用于造纸厂排放物中的酚类的絮凝剂等);金属加工(酸性蚀刻清洁剂、低pH金属涂层、在冷轧钢加工中的酸洗剂等);木材防腐剂;和用于建筑物和道路的工业结构产品(水泥增塑剂、低pH下的沥青乳液稳定剂、水泥的酸性蚀刻、以及混凝土、砂浆、油灰等的稠度改性剂)。阳离子决明衍生物还可以在除锈剂、酸性卡车清洁剂、污垢清洁剂等中作为增稠剂,在含有颗粒如粘土、颜料(二氧化钛、碳酸钙和其它矿物)、摩擦剂等的产品中用作分散稳定剂,所述含有颗粒的产品用于各种上述工业应用以及钻探泥浆和油井压裂液。
[0032]上述产品通常含有本领域已知的各种常规添加剂和助剂,有些可以起一种以上的功能。用量随产品用途和特征的不同而不同,并且可以容易地由制剂领域的熟练技术人员和文献确定。
[0033]已知,通过混入药物或医药上可接受的化合物,并且通过控制制备产品的条件,配制的用于个人护理和局部、皮肤病学、卫生保健的组合物(涂覆到皮肤和粘膜上用于清洁或安慰)可以与多种相同或类似的生理上可接受的成分复配,并且被配制成相同或类似的产品形式,主要区别于所选成分的纯度。同样,居家和I&I产品中所用的多种成分与上面的相同或类似,主要区别于所用含量和成分纯度级别。还知道,选择和允许使用的成分含量还要受到国家、地区、地方和国际级的政府管理。因此,本发明对于用于个人护理和卫生保健品的各种有用成分的讨论可以适用于居家和I&I产品和工业应用。
[0034]在含有阳离子决明衍生物聚合物的配制的组合物中,成分的选择和含量取决于产品及其功能,这对于本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的。用于个人护理和局部卫生保健品中的配方成分(除了这里没有出现的上述组分之外)通常包括但不限于溶剂、表面活性剂(作为清洁剂、乳化剂、泡沫促进剂、水溶助剂、加溶剂和悬浮剂)、非表面活性剂型悬浮剂、乳化剂、皮肤调理剂(润肤剂、湿润剂等)、头发调理剂(包括硅氧烷和硅油)、头发定型剂、成膜剂、皮肤保护剂、粘合剂、螯合剂、抗微生物剂、杀真菌剂、去头屑剂、摩擦剂、粘合剂、吸收剂、着色剂、除臭剂、防汗剂、湿润剂、遮光剂和珠光剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、推进剂、铺展剂、防晒剂、无太阳皮肤晒黑促进剂、紫外光吸收剂、pH调理剂、植物性药物、染发剂、氧化剂、还原剂、皮肤漂白剂、颜料、生理活性剂、抗炎药剂、局部麻醉剂、香料和香料加溶剂等。举例说明,口腔护理产品中除了表面活性剂、摩擦剂、湿润剂、填料和香料之外,包括防龋齿、防牙垢和/或防蚀斑剂。关于物质和它们的常规功能以及产品分类的详细清单通常参见CFTA Dictionary,尤其是第2卷,第4、5部分。
[0035]由于其水溶胀性能,阳离子决明衍生物往往在水基体系中用作胶凝剂。例如,阳离子决明衍生物通常在空气处理凝胶中用作胶凝剂,所述空气处理凝胶被设计成从凝胶中连续释放出挥发性空气处理剂。挥发性空气处理组分可包括使空气清新的成分如消毒剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除臭剂、害虫驱赶剂、散发气味的材料和它们的混合物。散发气味的材料包括玫瑰油、梨莓油、柠檬油、绿薄荷油、冬青油、香柏油、加拿大香脂油等。这些油可以与香料如芳香酯、醛、酮和混合香料领域的技术人员已知的其它化合物组合使用。在一实施方案中,胶凝剂的含量为约0.5-约25wt%,另一实施方案中,为约0.75-约15wt%,又一实施方案中,为约1-5wt%,其中重量百分比是基于组合物的总重量。
[0036]阳离子决明衍生物还可以用于形成伤口敷料和医疗器件中所用的水凝胶。伤口如受伤、手术等引起的伤口的愈合很大程度上取决于所用的敷料。常规绷带往往不能提供最佳的效果。还采取特殊的减缓或减小压力的措施。湿润的敷料往往是有益的,它使失水的组织再次获得水份,增加了血管生成(新血管的增殖)、使细菌的生长降低到最小、物理保护、并保持合适的pH值以刺激氧气的释放和使蛋白水解酶更有效地工作。
[0037]可倾倒的水基天然或合成的水溶性或水溶胀性凝胶形成的水凝胶可以用于伤口敷料。起初,它们是足以倾倒或铺展到伤口上的流体,但是使用后,能够形成仍然保持聚合的水凝胶水合状态的湿润的固态弹性保护性胶体。
[0038]已经开发了适合植入体内的医疗器件,用于促进体液流动,用作血管移植物或者用于其它目的。通常,这些器件包括支架、导管、或套管、塞、收缩器、组织或生物密封剂等。许多用作植入物的这些器件由耐用的、不降解的塑料如聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯和硅氧烷聚合物等制成。有些情况下,它们由可生物降解的聚合物制成,这种聚合物在一定时间内在体内保持稳定,但是最终将降解成容易从人体排出的小分子。由阳离子改性的决明胶聚半乳甘露聚糖制成的交联水凝胶被设想用于制备这些医疗器件。它们具有优异的生物相容性,和已经表现出降低诱导血栓、包被和发炎的趋势。这些应用中,用于伤口愈合或植入物的水凝胶聚合物胶体是阳离子决明衍生物。含有阳离子决明的组合物与水混合时,在使用或不使用交联剂的情况下,将形成固态温度不可逆的弹性凝胶,即柔韧凝胶,以辅助形成非流体体系。典型的凝胶含有3-15wt%的阳离子决明衍生物。更大用量的聚合物和交联剂将得到更坚固的凝胶,或者具有更好的物理机械性能(模量、屈服应力、强度)的凝胶。该凝胶体中应该含有充足的水分,以提供将凝胶倾倒到或铺展到伤口上所需要的初始流动性,或者对于植入体来说,将凝胶通过内窥镜嵌入人体所需要的初始流动性。然后,使用离子和非离子交联剂来固化凝胶,并控制交联密度(即,凝胶体的最终的机械物理性能)。对于大多数应用来说,交联剂的含量为0-8wt%,更优选0.1-5wt%。可以采用任何合适的无毒交联剂,包括半乳糖、甘露糖、含有半乳糖和甘露糖中一种或两种的低聚糖类、硼砂、有机钛酸酯、硼酸、双环氧化物、多羧酸、戊二醛、二羟基铝、碳酸钠、柠檬酸、以及钙、镁和铝阳离子中任何的可溶物质。对于植入体来说,当植入器件植入体内后,可以容易地、选择性地在体内替换离子交联剂,使该器件在体内溶胀和变软,提高了病人的舒服感。该器件将保持它原来的构型,没有破碎。如果需要,下述任何一种物质都可以包括在组合物中:药物和消毒剂、伤口愈合促进剂如维生素、血液促凝剂、抗生素、氧源等。
[0039]阳离子聚合物往往在皮肤和/或头发组合物中被用作调理剂。季铵化的聚合物用于香波和调理剂中以促进梳理性。正电性的氮与负电性的头发纤维结合形成膜。它们还使得头发摸起来更柔软、更光滑,而不产生太多的堆积。阳离子决明衍生物可以在调理清洁配方中用作部分阳离子聚合物调理剂,所述调理清洁配方不但使头发具有清洁、湿解缠结、干解缠结和易于处理的性能,而且相对没有刺激性。因此,该组合物适合儿童以及皮肤敏感的成人和眼部使用。
[0040]在护肤制剂中,阳离子决明衍生物在超柔和皮肤清洁组合物或湿润组合物中用作聚合物皮肤感觉和皮肤柔和助剂。阳离子决明衍生物提供了皮肤调理、皮肤柔和和湿润性,同时保持了所需的起泡性能。尽管多次使用后会使皮肤过分脱脂或者过分干燥,但是该阳离子决明衍生物还是通过避免皮肤刺激显示出理想的丝滑、柔软光滑的使用感觉。正电性的阳离子决明衍生物能够与皮肤上的负电性点结合,从而在使用后产生柔软的皮肤感觉。通过降低粘性和油腻性并提高光滑性,它改进了皮肤的感觉。
[0041]本发明的阳离子决明衍生物可以在乳液中用作流变改性剂或乳液稳定剂。本发明的阳离子决明衍生物为发泡乳液组合物提供了更好的乳液稳定性。对于具有良好的皮肤病学相容性的皮肤清洁组合物的需求日益增加。尤其是发现,将烷基低聚糖甙用作非离子表面活性剂是有利的,因为它有助于起泡和清洁性能、生物降解性和皮肤病学相容性。然而,含有该烷基低聚糖甙的乳液缺乏化妆吸引力。这些组合物不易于被皮肤吸收,当涂覆到皮肤上时,它们不形成乳脂状的微泡,而是形成粗糙的大泡。含有阳离子聚合物如阳离子决明衍生物的制剂导致大量乳脂状微泡的形成,这些微泡易于被皮肤吸收,且具有高清洁和加脂性能。
[0042]因此,非常需要具有良好的调理和起泡性能的清洁组合物。由于阴离子表面活性剂(与其它表面活性剂相比,它表现出优异的清洁性能和高度的起泡性)和阳离子聚合物(它提供调理性和/或辅助治疗剂沉积到皮肤或头发上)之间内在的不相容性,因此这一点难以实现。这种阴离子表面活性剂在清洁组合物中的存在还妨碍治疗剂的沉积,因为该组合物被设计成在冲洗过程中从头发、头皮和皮肤上除去油、脂和污物以及颗粒物。在个人护理应用中,本发明的阳离子决明衍生物能与表面活性剂、水溶性试剂(例如硅氧烷)一起使用,提供一种用于治疗剂、调理剂、湿润剂等的改进输送体系。治疗剂的实例包括但不限于解缠结/湿梳理剂、湿润剂、防粉刺剂、防脱发剂、毛发生长抑制剂、草本植物提取物等。
[0043]为了在用清洁组合物产品清洗过的表面上赋予所需的残留性能,在该产品中混入了各种水不溶性的颗粒(乳油的固体或液体颗粒)。例如,含有颗粒去头皮屑试剂的香波组合物,除非冲洗后该试剂沉积并保留在头发和头皮上时,否则将不起作用。各种洗衣洗涤剂和个人护理沐浴露中也使用了颗粒抗微生物剂,以给织物和头发和皮肤表面赋予残留的抗微生物活性。洗涤剂组合物中也使用了各种其它的水不溶性或微溶性颗粒材料如防晒剂、织物柔软剂、织物增亮剂、织物增白剂等。它们的活性依赖于颗粒在洗涤过的基质(皮肤、头发、织物等)上的沉积和保留。由于它们特有的本性,有效的洗涤剂组合物倾向于将颗粒物质在洗涤过的表面上的停留最小化。因此,在基质表面洗涤和冲洗后,在洗涤剂组合物中实际上仅仅较少部分的活性剂保留了下来。由于活性剂的活性取决于沉积和保留在表面上的颗粒的量,因此非常需要一种提高活性剂沉积和保留的方法。本发明的阳离子决明衍生物适合于该目的。
[0044]在定型香波中,本发明阳离子决明衍生物作为沉积助剂来提高水不溶性定型组合物的沉积的使用提高了头发的定型效果(调理、卷曲保持性、出色的发感)。本发明的阳离子决明衍生物可以与水不溶性头发定型聚合物组合用作沉积助剂,所述水不溶性头发定型聚合物选自(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物和硅氧烷接枝的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。实例包括丙烯酸叔丁酯/丙烯酸2-乙基己酯共聚物、丙烯酸叔丁酯/甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯共聚物、丙烯酸叔丁酯/甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯/聚二甲基硅氧烷大分子和甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯/甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯/聚二甲基硅氧烷大分子共聚物、和它们的混合物。
[0045]如上所述,清洁组合物中使用了各种水不溶性或微溶性颗粒材料如防晒剂、织物软化剂、织物增亮剂、织物增白剂、杀虫剂等。它们的活性取决于颗粒在洗涤过的表面上的沉积和保留。由于它们的特有本性,有效的洗涤剂组合物倾向于将颗粒材料在洗涤过的表面上的保留最小化。因此,在表面洗涤和冲洗后,事实上,在该洗涤剂组合物中仅仅较少部分的试剂保留了下来。由于功能试剂的活性取决于颗粒在表面上沉积和保留下来的量,因此非常需要一种提高沉积的过程。阳离子决明衍生物可以用作这些颗粒物质的沉积助剂:例如用于在洗涤过程中,在织物表面上沉积织物软化剂,或者用于在卫生处理过程中在硬表面上沉积杀虫剂。举例说明,与常规洗衣洗涤剂成分如表面活性剂、助洗剂等一起使用阳离子决明衍生物,由于织物软化剂更好地沉积在表面上,因此提高了软化性能,并明显地提高了储存稳定性。作为沉积助剂的阳离子决明衍生物的用量为整个组合物的约0.05-约5wt%。在本发明一实施方案中,当在包括了表面活性剂的组合物中使用时,阳离子决明与表面活性剂的重量比约10:1-约1:10。
[0046]阳离子决明衍生物还可以在洗衣洗涤剂组合物中用作污渍脱除剂。洗衣过程中,这些聚合物吸附在浸入洗涤液的织物表面上。吸附的聚合物形成亲水层,在从洗涤液中取出并干燥后,所述亲水层仍然保留在织物上,因此使洗涤织物具有了污渍脱除性能。少量的阳离子决明衍生物(0.3-5wt%)结合典型的织物软化剂可产生污渍脱除性能,而并不影响重新穿着时织物的白度。
Claims (14)
1.一种个人护理组合物,所述组合物包括聚半乳甘露聚糖,所述聚半乳甘露聚糖具有包含D-甘露糖与D-半乳糖残基比为5:1的重复单元,其中甘露糖和半乳糖残基的侧挂C-6羟基取代基上的部分氢基被下式表示的基团取代:-AR1
其中,A是含有1-6个碳原子的取代或未取代亚烷基,R1独立地选自-N(R3)3 +X-,-S(R3)2 +X-和-P(R3)3 +X-,其中R3独立地表示取代或未取代的C1-C24烷基、取代或未取代的苄基和取代或未取代的苯基;X是平衡鎓阳离子上电荷的任何合适的阴离子;所述组合物还包括选自下面的成分:表面活性剂、非表面活性剂悬浮剂、头发调理剂、头发定型剂、成膜剂、皮肤保护剂、粘合剂、螯合剂、消毒剂、杀昆虫剂、害虫驱赶剂、有气味的材料、杀微生物剂、去头皮屑试剂、摩擦剂、着色剂、除臭剂、防汗剂、遮光剂和珠光剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、推进剂、铺展剂、剥离剂、溶角蛋白剂、血液凝固剂、维生素、人工晒黑促进剂、紫外线吸收剂、pH调节剂、植物性药材、染发剂、氧化剂、还原剂、皮肤漂白剂、抗炎剂、局部麻醉剂、香料增溶剂、和它们的组合。
2.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中所述烷基、亚烷基、苯基和苄基被选自C1-C3烷基、羟基和卤原子的基团单取代或独立地多取代。
3.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中X是卤离子。
4.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中至少一个C-6羟基氢被-AR1取代基所取代。
5.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中所述聚半乳甘露聚糖的数均分子量为200,000至300,000。
6.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中所述聚半乳甘露聚糖的重复单元用下式表示:
其中,R独立地表示氢和-AR1,其中-AR1定义同上。
7.权利要求6的个人护理组合物,其中n表示15至35的整数。
8.权利要求1或2的个人护理组合物,还包括溶剂。
9.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,还包括选自酸性抗老化剂、抗蜂窝炎剂、防粉刺剂和它们的组合的成分。
10.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,还包括交联剂。
11.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,还包括选自防龋齿剂、防牙垢剂、防蚀斑剂、香料和它们的组合的成分。
12.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,其中所述杀微生物剂选自抗生素、杀真菌剂、及其组合。
13.权利要求1的个人护理组合物,包括选自下面的成分:防晒剂、润肤剂、增湿剂、乳化剂、颜料、香料、微摩擦剂和它们的组合。
14.权利要求8的个人护理组合物,其中所述溶剂是水。
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- 2004-06-18 ES ES04755546T patent/ES2276326T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-18 DE DE602004003507T patent/DE602004003507T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-18 CN CNB2004800170929A patent/CN100459969C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-18 US US10/874,296 patent/US7262157B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-18 JP JP2006517362A patent/JP4796960B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-18 MX MXPA05013684A patent/MXPA05013684A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-18 BR BRPI0410671-7A patent/BRPI0410671B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-18 AT AT04755546T patent/ATE346585T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
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US20230263823A1 (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2023-08-24 | Can Technologies, Inc. | Feces binder in feed for fish |
US11903964B2 (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2024-02-20 | Can Technologies, Inc. | Feces binder in feed for fish |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7262157B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
US20090047227A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
JP4796960B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
JP2007521270A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
ES2276326T3 (es) | 2007-06-16 |
EP1658044A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
JP2009209155A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
BRPI0410671A (pt) | 2006-06-20 |
MXPA05013684A (es) | 2006-02-24 |
CN1809334A (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
US7439214B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
US7923422B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 |
WO2004112733A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
DE602004003507D1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
EP1658044B1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
US7704934B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
BRPI0410671B1 (pt) | 2014-08-19 |
US20050026794A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
US20100178261A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
DE602004003507T2 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
ATE346585T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
US20080004340A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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