CN100417091C - Operation maintenance realizing method and system in network - Google Patents
Operation maintenance realizing method and system in network Download PDFInfo
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- CN100417091C CN100417091C CNB2005101143982A CN200510114398A CN100417091C CN 100417091 C CN100417091 C CN 100417091C CN B2005101143982 A CNB2005101143982 A CN B2005101143982A CN 200510114398 A CN200510114398 A CN 200510114398A CN 100417091 C CN100417091 C CN 100417091C
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and a system for implementing operation maintenance in a network, the core of the method is: in a network system in which an Ethernet intercommunicates with an ATM, when that a fault occurs in the Ethernet system is confirmed, an ATM terminal system is notified of a relevant fault message; the ATM terminal system carries out OAM operation according to the received fault message of the Ethernet system. By using the method and the system of the present invention, when the Ethernet is used as a bearing network to bear ATM services, the realization of the OAM intercommunication function is ensured. When a fault occurs in the ATM services, an upper layer ATM network can judge out the reason and the position of the ATM service fault in time according to a received fault message from a lower layer Ethernet, so that fault handling process is favorably quickened, the OAM mechanism that the Ethernet bears the ATM services is improved, and the operability and the maintainability are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ethernet and asynchronous transfer mode intercommunication network technical field, relate in particular to the implementation method and the system of Operation and Maintenance in a kind of Ethernet and the asynchronous transfer mode.
Background technology
ETH (Ethernet, Ethernet) is professional constantly to be developed to metropolitan area network, telecommunications network from local area network (LAN).And in Ethernet, can carry out professional and ATM (AsynchronousTransfer Mode, the asynchronous transfer mode) business of DSL (Digital Subscriber Line).
The network model of Ethernet and ATM business intercommunication has been done the framework definition in FATE (ATM FORUM " Frame-based ATM Transport over Ethernet "), as shown in Figure 1.
ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunicationstandardization sector, International Telecommunications Union-telecommunication standardization branch) Y.ethoam has carried out detailed regulation to the fault detection mechanism in the ETH network, and I.610 ITU-T has also carried out detailed regulation to the fault detection mechanism in the atm network.
According to the regulation of above-mentioned standard, when alarm takes place the equipment in the atm network, can in atm network, carry out intercommunication.Network model as shown in Figure 1, such as when atm end-system 1 breaks down, the process that the alarm information of this fault is notified to atm end-system 2 is:
ME in the atm end-system 1 (Maintenance Entity, maintenance entity) produces the forward alarm message, i.e. ATM-AIS (Alarm Indication Signal, alarm indication signal) message, and this message sent to atm end-system 2; After atm end-system 2 is received this ATM-AIS message, confirm that atm end-system 1 breaks down, and producing the back to warning message, i.e. ATM-RDI (RemoteDefect Indication far-end faulty indication) message sends to this ATM-RDI message the ME of atm end-system 1.
ATM-AIS or ATM-RDI message are when passing through Ethernet, need process through encapsulation/decapsulation, be that atm end-system 1 sends in the process of ATM-AIS message to TM terminal system 2, at IWF (Inter-Working Function, IWF) 1 place, unit is according to the form encapsulation atm-AIS message of FATE definition, after passing through Ethernet, at IWF unit 2 places decapsulation ATM-AIS message; Equally, atm end-system 2 sends in the process of ATM-RDI message to atm end-system 1, at 2 places, IWF unit according to the form encapsulation atm-RDI message of FATE definition, pass through Ethernet after, at IWF unit 1 place decapsulation ATM-RDI message.
According to the regulation of above-mentioned standard, same, when alarm takes place the equipment in the Ethernet, also can in Ethernet, carry out intercommunication.
But do not have realization mechanism in the existing standard about the OAM in Ethernet and the ATM intercommunication network (Operation and Maintenance, Operation and Maintenance) IWF.Therefore, in order to improve the failure handling mechanisms of Ethernet carrying ATM when professional, realization can be operated and can safeguard, sets up that end-to-end OAM mechanism is next step problem that must solve in Ethernet and the ATM intercommunication network.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned existing in prior technology problem, the implementation method and the system that the purpose of this invention is to provide Operation and Maintenance in a kind of network, guaranteed the realization of the OAM IWF when Ethernet carries the ATM business as bearer network, help the ATM system and carry out OAM work, accelerate troubleshooting process.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides the implementation method of Operation and Maintenance in a kind of network, comprising:
A, in the intercommunication network system of Ethernet and ATM, when IWF IWF unit, downstream confirms that ethernet line breaks down, produce corresponding alarm indication signal and send to the downstream atm end-system;
Described downstream atm end-system is after receiving described alarm indication signal, and upstream atm end-system sends far-end fault warning index signal;
B, described upstream atm end-system or described downstream atm end-system carry out the OAM operation according to the alarm indication signal of being received about ethernet line.
IWF IWF unit, downstream described in steps A affirmation ethernet line breaks down and comprises:
When the OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance) of ethernet segment in this IWF of IWF fault effects unit, IWF/ downstream, upstream, perhaps as Ethernet Line (Ethernet virtual connections) when self breaks down, the maintenance entity ME of ethernet segment detects Ethernet Line and is in malfunction in the IWF unit, downstream, confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down.
IWF IWF unit, downstream described in steps A affirmation ethernet line breaks down and comprises:
When the link layer of Ethernet Line broke down, the ME in the Ethernet produced corresponding ETH-AIS message and sends to IWF unit, downstream, after the ME of ethernet segment receives this message in this IWF unit, confirmed that Ethernet Line is in malfunction.
Described steps A comprises:
A1, when IWF unit, downstream confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down, produce corresponding ATM alarm indication signal ATM-AIS message and send to the downstream atm end-system.
Described steps A 1 specifically comprises:
When the ME of ethernet segment affirmation Ethernet Line breaks down in A11, the IWF unit, downstream this failure message is notified to the ME of ATM part among the IWF of this downstream;
The ME of ATM part receives the ME that produces corresponding ATM-AIS message behind the Ethernet Line failure message and send to the downstream atm end-system in A12, the IWF unit, downstream.
Described steps A also comprises:
After the ME of A2, downstream atm end-system received described ATM-AIS message, upstream the ME of atm end-system sent ATM far-end faulty indication ATM-RDI message.
The present invention also provides a kind of system that realizes Operation and Maintenance in the network, comprising:
Ethernet signalling trouble module is used for producing corresponding alarm indication signal and sending to the downstream atm end-system when confirming that ethernet line breaks down; Described downstream atm end-system is after receiving described alarm indication signal, and upstream atm end-system sends far-end fault warning index signal;
The OAM administration module is arranged in downstream atm end-system or the upstream atm end-system, is used for carrying out the OAM operation according to the alarm indication signal of receiving about ethernet line.
Described Ethernet signalling trouble module comprises: Ethernet failure message notice submodule and ATM-AIS message send submodule, and comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of downstream atm end-system;
Described Ethernet failure message notice submodule is arranged among the ME of ethernet segment in the IWF unit, downstream, is used for when confirming that Ethernet Line breaks down this failure message being notified to the ATM-AIS message and sends submodule;
Described ATM-AIS message sends submodule, be arranged among the ME of the part of ATM in the IWF unit, downstream, be used for constructing corresponding ATM-AIS message and sending to the OAM administration module of the ME of downstream atm end-system according to the Ethernet Line failure message that receives.
Described Ethernet signalling trouble module also comprises: the ATM-RDI message sends submodule; And comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of upstream atm end-system;
Described ATM-RDI message sends submodule, be arranged among the ME of downstream atm end-system, be used for constructing corresponding ATM-RDI message and sending to the OAM administration module of the ME of upstream atm end-system according to the ATM-AIS message that described ATM-AIS message sends the submodule transmission.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, adopt method and system of the present invention to have following advantage:
1, guaranteed the realization of Ethernet OAM IWF when professional as bearer network carrying ATM;
2, when the ATM business breaks down, the upper strata atm network can in time be judged the reason and the position of ATM traffic failure according to the failure message of the Ethernet of lower floor that receives, help accelerating troubleshooting process, OAM mechanism when perfect Ethernet carrying ATM is professional has realized operating maintainable purpose;
3, technical scheme of the present invention is simple, can be well and the existing equipment compatibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the networking schematic diagram of Ethernet of the prior art and ATM business intercommunication;
Fig. 2 is the Ethernet of the method for the invention and the networking schematic diagram of ATM OAM intercommunication;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a system configuration schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
When Ethernet carries the ATM business as bearer network, break down in Ethernet or the atm network, the capital causes the ATM alarm generated by service, for the ease of judging the reason of ATM alarm generated by service, accelerate troubleshooting process, just need when the Ethernet of lower floor bearer network breaks down, as early as possible this to be notified to the atm network on upper strata.
Ethernet that proposes among OAM IWF model in Ethernet of the present invention and the atm network and the FATE and ATM business intercommunication model are consistent, as shown in Figure 2.Perception is less than the existence of Ethernet between atm end-system, and the operation atm network is OAM end to end.Between IWF, can perception the existence of Ethernet, need between Ethernet and ATM, realize the function of OAM intercommunication, IWF is the functional entity of realization OAM intercommunication.In Ethernet, have only the related entities of Ethernet to exist, be indifferent to institute's loaded service or OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance).
In Ethernet and the OAM mutual model in the atm network as shown in Figure 2, lower floor's contingent fault of Ethernet bearer network has following several situation:
One, the Ethernet Line fault that upstream IWF (being IWF1)/downstream IWF (being IWF2) fault causes:
Two, Ethernet Line self breaks down;
Three, the link layer of Ethernet Line breaks down.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings method of the present invention is elaborated at above-mentioned three kinds of failure conditions below.
The method of the invention may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 3:
The ME of Ethernet part confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down among the step 31:IWF2.
When the OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance) of Ethernet part among the IWF1 fault effects IWF1, Ethernet part of O AM function cisco unity malfunction among the IWF1, ETH-CC among the IWF1 (Continuity check, the connection availability verification) message can not normally send, the ME of Ethernet part can detect EthernetLine and is in malfunction among the IWF2, thereby confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down;
When the OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance) of Ethernet part among the IWF2 fault effects IWF2, Ethernet part of O AM function cisco unity malfunction among the IWF2, do not receive the ETH-CC message that IWF1 sends, the ME of Ethernet part can detect Ethernet Line and is in malfunction among the IWF2, thereby confirms that EthernetLine breaks down;
When Ethernet Line self breaks down, the ME of Ethernet part does not receive the ETH-CC message that IWF1 sends among the IWF2, the ME of Ethernet part can detect Ethernet Line and is in malfunction among the IWF2, thereby confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down;
When the link layer of Ethernet Line broke down, Ethernet OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance) entity ME can produce corresponding ETH-AIS message and send to IWF2, after the ME of Ethernet part receives this message among the IWF2, confirmed that Ethernet Line breaks down.
Step 32: after the ME of Ethernet part among the IWF2 confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down, Ethernet Line signalling trouble is given the ME of ATM part among the IWF2.
The ME of ATM part produces corresponding ATM-AIS message according to the signalling trouble of Ethernet Line among the step 33:IWF2.
The ME of ATM part sends to the ATM-AIS message ME of atm end-system 2 among the step 34:IWF2.
The ME of step 35:ATM terminal system 2 produces corresponding ATM-RDI message after receiving the ATM-AIS message, and sends to the ME of atm end-system 1.
Atm end-system 2 sends in the process of ATM-RDI message to atm end-system 1, at 2 places, IWF unit according to the form encapsulation atm-RDI message of FATE definition, pass through Ethernet after, at IWF unit 1 place decapsulation ATM-RDI message.
Step 36:ATM terminal system is carried out the OAM operation according to the OAM warning message about Ethernet Line (ATM-AIS or ATM-RDI message) that receives.
Such as, when the ATM business breaks down the generation warning information, if the downstream atm end-system has received the OAM warning message (ATM-AIS message) of corresponding Ethernet Line, and the upstream atm end-system has received the OAM warning message (ATM-RDI message) of corresponding Ethernet Line, then atm end-system just can be judged this ATM traffic failure owing to Ethernet Line fault causes, the possibility of getting rid of the atm network system failure, and but decide Ethernet Line location of fault, thereby accelerated troubleshooting process according to the information of OAM warning message.
In Ethernet and ATM intercommunication network model as shown in Figure 1, also some other fault may appear, fault such as the generation of upstream/downstream atm network, upstream IWF1 fault but do not influence the function of EthernetLine, and downstream IWF2 fault but do not influence the situations such as function of Ethernet Line.When these faults take place when, only need to carry out signalling trouble and get final product according to the regulation of existing standard, agreement, the fault notification flow process when these faults take place is briefly described below:
When upstream (being atm end-system 1) when breaking down, the ME in the atm end-system 1 produces the forward alarm message, i.e. ATM-AIS message, and this message is sent to the ME of atm end-system 2; After the ME of atm end-system 2 receives this ATM-AIS message, confirm that atm end-system 1 breaks down, and produce the back that i.e. ATM-RDI message sends to this ATM-RDI message the ME of atm end-system 1 to warning message.
ATM-AIS or ATM-RDI message are when passing through Ethernet, need process through encapsulation/decapsulation, be that atm end-system 1 sends in the process of ATM-AIS message to TM terminal system 2, form encapsulation atm-AIS the message that defines according to FATE at 1 place, IWF unit, after passing through Ethernet, at IWF unit 2 places decapsulation ATM-AIS message; Equally, atm end-system 2 sends in the process of ATM-RDI message to atm end-system 1, at 2 places, IWF unit according to the form encapsulation atm-RDI message of FATE definition, pass through Ethernet after, at IWF unit 1 place decapsulation ATM-RDI message.
When atm end-system 2 broke down, the ME in the atm end-system 2 produced the ME that the ATM-RDI message also sends to this message atm end-system 1, after atm end-system 1 is received this ATM-RDI message, confirmed that atm end-system 2 breaks down.
When upstream IWF1 breaks down but does not influence Ethernet Line function and when downstream IWF2 breaks down but do not influence Ethernet Line function, the capital causes atm end-system 2 to can not receive the ATM-CC message that upstream atm end-system 1 sends, atm end-system 2 enters malfunction, and the ME of atm end-system 2 produces corresponding ATM-RDI message and sends to the ME of atm end-system 1.
The present invention also provides the system that realizes OAM in a kind of network, and as shown in Figure 4, this system comprises: Ethernet signalling trouble module and OAM administration module;
The function of Ethernet signalling trouble module is:
When confirming that Ethernet system breaks down, relevant failure message is notified to the OAM administration module.
The OAM administration module is arranged in the atm end-system, and its function is:
Carry out the OAM operation according to the Ethernet system failure message of receiving.
Wherein, the function of Ethernet signalling trouble module can realize by Ethernet failure message notice submodule and ATM-AIS message transmission submodule; And comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of downstream atm end-system;
Ethernet failure message notice submodule is arranged among the ME of ethernet segment in the IWF unit, downstream, and its function is:
When confirming that Ethernet Line breaks down, this failure message is notified to the ATM-AIS message and sends submodule;
The ATM-AIS message sends submodule, is arranged among the ME of ATM part in the IWF unit, downstream, and its function is:
Construct corresponding ATM-AIS message and send to OAM administration module among the ME of downstream atm end-system according to the Ethernet Line failure message that receives.
On the basis of said system, Ethernet signalling trouble module also comprises: the ATM-RDI message sends submodule; And comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of upstream atm end-system;
The ATM-RDI message sends submodule, is arranged among the ME of downstream atm end-system, and its function is:
The ATM-AIS message that sends the submodule transmission according to the ATM-AIS message is constructed corresponding ATM-RDI message and is sent to OAM administration module among the ME of upstream atm end-system.
On the basis of said system, for compatible prior art better, this system also comprises: ATM signalling trouble module, be arranged among the ME of atm end-system, and its function is:
When detecting atm end-system and be in malfunction, this failure message is notified to the OAM administration module.
The function of ATM signalling trouble module can be realized by upstream atm end-system signalling trouble submodule and downstream atm end-system signalling trouble submodule.
Wherein, upstream atm end-system signalling trouble submodule is arranged among the ME of upstream atm end-system, and its function is:
When detecting the upstream atm end-system and be in malfunction, construct corresponding ATM-AIS message and send to the OAM administration module of downstream atm end-system.
Downstream atm end-system signalling trouble submodule is arranged among the ME of downstream atm end-system, and its function is:
When detecting the downstream atm end-system and be in malfunction, construct corresponding ATM-RDI message and send to the OAM administration module of upstream atm end-system.
OAM administration module in this system also has following function:
Carry out the OAM operation according to the OAM warning message that receives (ATM-AIS or ATM-RDI message) about atm end-system.
System based on OAM IWF in the above-mentioned realization network, when Ethernet is professional as backbone network carrying ATM, under various malfunctions, can both finish the flow process of fault notification, guarantee the end-to-end OAM realization mechanism of Ethernet and atm network intercommunication, helped accelerating troubleshooting process.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (9)
1. the implementation method of Operation and Maintenance in the network is characterized in that, comprising:
A, in the intercommunication network system of Ethernet and asynchronous transfer mode ATM, when IWF IWF unit, downstream confirms that ethernet line breaks down, produce corresponding alarm indication signal and send to the downstream atm end-system;
Described downstream atm end-system is after receiving described alarm indication signal, and upstream atm end-system sends far-end fault warning index signal;
B, described upstream atm end-system or described downstream atm end-system carry out Operation and Maintenance OAM operation according to the alarm indication signal of being received about ethernet line.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, IWF IWF unit, downstream described in steps A affirmation ethernet line breaks down and comprises:
When the OAM(Operation Administration Maintenance) of ethernet segment in upstream IWF IWF or this IWF of the IWF fault effects unit, downstream, perhaps when Ethernet virtual connections Ethernet Line self breaks down, the maintenance entity ME of ethernet segment detects Ethernet Line and is in malfunction in the IWF unit, downstream, confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, IWF IWF unit, downstream described in steps A affirmation ethernet line breaks down and comprises:
When the link layer of Ethernet Line broke down, the ME in the Ethernet produced corresponding ETH-AIS message and sends to IWF unit, downstream, after the ME of ethernet segment receives this message in this IWF unit, confirmed that Ethernet Line is in malfunction.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that described steps A also comprises:
A1, when IWF unit, downstream confirms that Ethernet Line breaks down, produce corresponding ATM alarm indication signal ATM-AIS message and send to the downstream atm end-system.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described steps A 1 specifically comprises:
When the ME of ethernet segment affirmation Ethernet Line breaks down in A11, the IWF unit, downstream this failure message is notified to the ME of ATM part among the IWF of this downstream;
The ME of ATM part receives the ME that produces corresponding ATM-AIS message behind the Ethernet Line failure message and send to the downstream atm end-system in A12, the IWF unit, downstream.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described steps A also comprises:
After the ME of A2, downstream atm end-system received described ATM-AIS message, upstream the ME of atm end-system sent ATM far-end faulty indication ATM-RDI message.
7. realize the system of Operation and Maintenance in the network, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Ethernet signalling trouble module is used for producing corresponding alarm indication signal and sending to the downstream atm end-system when confirming that ethernet line breaks down; Described downstream atm end-system is after receiving described alarm indication signal, and upstream atm end-system sends far-end fault warning index signal;
The OAM administration module is arranged in downstream atm end-system or the upstream atm end-system, is used for carrying out the OAM operation according to the alarm indication signal of receiving about ethernet line.
8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described Ethernet signalling trouble module comprises: Ethernet failure message notice submodule and ATM-AIS message send submodule, and comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of downstream atm end-system;
Described Ethernet failure message notice submodule is arranged among the ME of ethernet segment in the IWF unit, downstream, when confirming that after Ethernet Line breaks down relevant failure message being notified to the ATM-AIS message sends submodule;
Described ATM-AIS message sends submodule, is arranged among the ME of ATM part in the IWF unit, downstream, constructs corresponding ATM-AIS message and sends to OAM administration module among the ME of downstream atm end-system according to the Ethernet Line failure message that receives.
9. system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described Ethernet signalling trouble module also comprises: the ATM-RDI message sends submodule; And comprise the OAM administration module among the ME of upstream atm end-system;
Described ATM-RDI message sends submodule, be arranged among the ME of downstream atm end-system, the ATM-AIS message that sends the submodule transmission according to described ATM-AIS message is constructed corresponding ATM-RDI message and is sent to OAM administration module among the ME of upstream atm end-system.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101143982A CN100417091C (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2005-10-24 | Operation maintenance realizing method and system in network |
| PCT/CN2006/002457 WO2007048307A1 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-09-20 | A method, system and network device for implementing operation administration maintenance in a network |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101143982A CN100417091C (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2005-10-24 | Operation maintenance realizing method and system in network |
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| CN1866862A CN1866862A (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| CN100417091C true CN100417091C (en) | 2008-09-03 |
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| CNB2005101143982A Expired - Fee Related CN100417091C (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2005-10-24 | Operation maintenance realizing method and system in network |
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| WO (1) | WO2007048307A1 (en) |
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| CN101447975B (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2013-12-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for processing Ethernet physical layer OAM overhead and device thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1211125A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-17 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method and apparatus for fault management of operation, administration and maintenance in asynchronous transfer mode |
| CN1307421A (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-08 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | Switching route system |
| US20040184408A1 (en) * | 2003-03-22 | 2004-09-23 | Sbc Properties, L.P. | Ethernet architecture with data packet encapsulation |
| JP2005244470A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Hitachi Communication Technologies Ltd | Transmission apparatus |
-
2005
- 2005-10-24 CN CNB2005101143982A patent/CN100417091C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2006-09-20 WO PCT/CN2006/002457 patent/WO2007048307A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1211125A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 1999-03-17 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method and apparatus for fault management of operation, administration and maintenance in asynchronous transfer mode |
| CN1307421A (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-08 | 韩国电子通信研究院 | Switching route system |
| US20040184408A1 (en) * | 2003-03-22 | 2004-09-23 | Sbc Properties, L.P. | Ethernet architecture with data packet encapsulation |
| JP2005244470A (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-09-08 | Hitachi Communication Technologies Ltd | Transmission apparatus |
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| CN1866862A (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| WO2007048307A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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