CN100398673C - Metal sheet surface nano crystallization method using pressure sliding-rolling - Google Patents
Metal sheet surface nano crystallization method using pressure sliding-rolling Download PDFInfo
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- CN100398673C CN100398673C CNB2005101109854A CN200510110985A CN100398673C CN 100398673 C CN100398673 C CN 100398673C CN B2005101109854 A CNB2005101109854 A CN B2005101109854A CN 200510110985 A CN200510110985 A CN 200510110985A CN 100398673 C CN100398673 C CN 100398673C
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Abstract
The invention relates to metal plate surface nano-sizing method. It includes the following steps: pressure sliding rolling plate provides one vertical compressing stress on the metal plate surface; the former fixes while the latter moves which can generate sliding and rolling between them to make the metal plate surface happen high strain speed intense plastic deformation and form nanometer crystal surface layer. The invention can realize large mental plate surface nano-sizing, suit for large scale continuous production, and has high production efficiency.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal sheet surface nano crystallization method, relate in particular to a kind of method that adopts pressure sliding-rolling method realization metal sheet surface to organize nanometer.
(2) background technology
Nano metal material is because crystal grain tiny (usually at least on one dimension less than 100nm), and interphase density height, shared volume fraction are big, show unique mechanical and physical and chemical performance.A large amount of experimental results show that the performance of nano metal material is obviously different with traditional coarse grain material with mechanical behavior, normally is better than coarse grain material.For nano metal material, intensity, hardness and toughness are compared with coarse grain material and are significantly improved, but plasticity but significantly reduces.The inefficacy of metallic substance occurs in the surface of material mostly, and extremely responsive to the surface tissue and the performance of material as fatigue, corrosion and the wearing and tearing of material, the structure on the surface of material and performance directly influence the integrated performance index of metallic substance.So with the metal material surface structure refinement to nano level, utilize its excellent properties that the conventional metals coarse grain material is carried out the surface tissue improvement, promptly prepare the upper layer that one deck has nanocrystalline structure, can make full use of nano surface crystal layer high strength, high rigidity and toughness, the simultaneously comprehensive good plasticity of heart portion coarse grain material, the comprehensive mechanical property and the environment military service behavior that under the prerequisite that does not change the metallic substance chemical ingredients, improve metal material surface.This surface nano treatment technology, overcome the difficulty on the present three-dimensional macro nanometer crystalline metal material preparation technology on the one hand, excellent properties with nano crystal material combines with the intrinsic excellent properties of traditional metal materials on the other hand, has important value on industrial application.
At present, there is multinomial making Nano surface patent to obtain the authorization or accept, patent CN2400456 wherein, CN1301873, CN1336321 (equivalent patent FR2812284, WO0210463, AU8408701), CN1336444 (FR2812286, WO0210461, AU8224001) and patent CN1336445 (FR2812285, WO0210462, AU8224101) ultimate principle is to utilize the metal ball with high frequency in airtight space, at a high speed, the bump material of different incidence angles degree or the mode of workpiece surface, impel the material surface tissue intensive viscous deformation to take place and progressively refinement, finally form nanocrystalline and the method realization making Nano surface.The common trait of above patent is, has all used the carrier of bullet as intake, by workpiece surface local intense plastic strain takes place surface grain refinement is arrived nanoscale, finally reaches the purpose of making Nano surface.The subject matter of these patents is that treating processes is in the airtight cavity, and workpiece shape and size that can making Nano surface are limited, can't handle large-sized workpiece.
The method that adopts above patent to provide has been delivered a large amount of non-patent literatures, describes the performance, corrosion resistance nature of change, making Nano surface mechanism and the nitriding of making Nano surface layer of material surface mechanical property after the Surface Nanocrystalline etc. in all its bearings in detail.
Patent CN1410560A (US58260-010100) utilizes pressurized gas to carry hard particles bombardment metal material surface.This invention can be carried out Surface Nanocrystalline to complex-shaped or big planar workpiece, and distributed nano layer.The great advantage of this invention is that the workpiece shape of can nanometer handling is unrestricted.But formed making Nano surface layer is thin and surfaceness is bigger, and the efficient of making Nano surface is lower, and main problem is to be difficult for scale operation, and has the dust disposal problem.
Day disclosure special permission communique JP2003039398 has then proposed a kind of " method for making Nano surface of metal products " based on the principle of dropping hammer.According to this method, at least one projection is arranged at an end face that drops hammer.Drop hammer and quicken to fall, make each projection place the metalwork surface of below of dropping hammer, thereby make metalwork by impact site generation making Nano surface with the momentum bump of 0.1kg.m/s.Though this method is very simple and convenient, the size and dimension of the metalwork that can handle is limited, and the homogeneity of the nano surface crystal layer of Xing Chenging is also not ideal enough simultaneously.
The shortcoming of the above technical scheme is that the efficient of making Nano surface is very low, and the time of handling on the per surface is longer, perhaps produces dust, can not carry out the production requirement of large size material.
Tribology " white layer " claims " bright layer ", " white etch layer ", " Adiabatic Shear band ", " recrystallized layer " and " tribology transformation structure " etc. again, is the key character tissue that friction surface produces.For example, the very high machine steel of hardness usually forms surface " white layer " through after the machining.Research [Mater Sci Eng, 19 (1975) 79-86 are arranged; Mater Sci Eng, A325 (2002) 356-364] find that intensive mechanical workout has caused making Nano surface, the grain-size of " white layer " is less than 100nm.Nearest research [Mater Trans, 45 (2004) 2209-2213] shows that martensitic steel strain of hole wall in boring procedure reaches 7, thereby causes making Nano surface.In addition, rail, diesel engine, brake shoes and bearing etc. also can produce " white layer ".Fe-C-Mn perlite bullet train rail owing to be subjected to strong exterior vibration and friction in the use, has been sent out making Nano surface [NanoStruct Mater, 9 (1997) 751-754; Mater Sci Eng, A303 (2001) 209-215; Wear 254 (2003) 876-883].Its nanometer mechanism can be summed up as the intense plastic strain of wheel and the generation of rail zone of action, and being accompanied by the making Nano surface perlitic transformation is the Fe-C alloy, this situation to mechanical alloying very similar [Mater Sci Eng, A303 (2001) 197-208].
But the described making Nano surface phenomenon of these phenomenons instability can not guarantee the evenization and the repeatability of material.The product that can not prepare special requirement more is not suitable for being applied to large size, large scale continuous prod.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of metal sheet surface nano crystallization method that adopts pressure sliding-rolling, this method can realize large size sheet metal making Nano surface, and can realize the continuous surface nanometer, is fit to the requirement of large scale continuous prod.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of metal sheet surface nano crystallization method that adopts pressure sliding-rolling, it is characterized in that adopting pressure sliding-rolling, surface at metal sheet provides a vertical stress by a pressure sliding-rolling plate, the pressure sliding-rolling plate maintains static when metal sheet moves, make to produce slip and rolling between metal sheet and the pressure sliding-rolling plate, cause the metal sheet surface tissue that the high strain rate intense plastic strain takes place and form the nanocrystal surface layer.
The metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of above-mentioned employing pressure sliding-rolling, described pressure sliding-rolling plate one side is equipped with the high speed cold radiator cooler, metal sheet behind the sliding-rolling is cooled off fast, cause the metal sheet surface tissue that recrystallize behind the high strain rate intense plastic strain takes place and refinement forms the nanocrystal surface layer.
The metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of above-mentioned employing pressure sliding-rolling, described pressure sliding panel are that two one-tenth are a pair of up and down, provide a pair of vertical stress to the metal sheet upper and lower surface, form the brilliant upper layer of double-face nanometer.How right the pressure sliding panel be, realizes that the repeatedly pressure sliding-rolling of metal sheet is handled.
The metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of above-mentioned employing pressure sliding-rolling, the yield strength of surface structure when the described stress that is applied on the metal sheet surface vertical direction moves greater than metal sheet is less than the tensile strength of metal plate and belt.When the surface structure yield strength was greater than the tensile strength of metal sheet when metal sheet moves, the stress that applies was less than the tensile strength of metal sheet.
The metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of above-mentioned employing pressure sliding-rolling, the position that described pressure sliding-rolling plate contacts with metal sheet is slick curve form.
Principle of the present invention is the strong deformation formative tissue refinement of metal sheet surface tissue in the pressure sliding-rolling process, and the surface structure recrystallize that cooperates gradient of temperature to form impels upper layer to organize grain refining, independent or the acting in conjunction of two factors causes the structure refinement of metal material surface layer to form the nanocrystal surface layer, realizes the making Nano surface of metal sheet.The present invention is rolling different with rolling in the past, be not with the rolling attenuation of metal sheet, elongated be purpose, but employing sliding-rolling, it acts on simultaneously for surface rolling and drawing, cause the surface structure of metal sheet or strip to produce intense plastic strain, thereby realize the making Nano surface of metal sheet or strip.
The key distinction of the present invention and prior art is:
1. method of the present invention can realize on a large scale, continuous production.The present invention adopts the pressure sliding-rolling technology, and setting pressure sliding-rolling device on cold rolling or hot rolling line can carry out online, continuous, scale operation to the steel plate on the rolling line.This is that other prior art is beyond one's reach.
2. treatment process of the present invention can carry out rather than place an airtight cavity on continuous-rolling, the metal sheet size is subjected to any restriction hardly.
3. the present invention does not use the flyable media of transmitting energy, and energy scatters and disappears little; The recycling and the dust removal problem that also do not have hard particles; Simultaneously, owing to the noise that does not have ultrasonic nozzle to produce need not soundproof room (or soundproof box);
The present invention can realize large size sheet metal making Nano surface, and can realize the continuous surface nanometer, is fit to the requirement of large scale continuous prod, the production efficiency height.
(4) description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a metal sheet surface nano crystallization method processing line synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is making Nano surface 40Cr steel plate scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photo of the inventive method preparation, and wherein a is an exterior view, and b is matrix figure;
Fig. 3 is making Nano surface GCr15 steel plate perspective electron microscope (TEM) photo of the inventive method preparation.
Among Fig. 1: 1 pressure sliding-rolling plate, 3 metal sheets (metal plate and belt), 3 tensioning rollers or roll, 4 reeling machines, 5 high speed cold radiator coolers.
(5) embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of metal sheet surface nano crystallization method that adopts pressure sliding-rolling is to adopt pressure sliding-rolling.Pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 vertically acts on the metal sheet 2, but pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 up-down adjustment provides vertical stress for metal sheet 2.The position that pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 contacts with metal sheet 2 is slick curve form, as circle, semicircle.Different with traditional rolling mode, moving of metal plate and belt 2 is not the traction of nipping by roll, but relies on tensioning roller or roll 3, or leans on the pulling force of reeling machine 4 to move.
The yield strength of surface structure when pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 is applied to stress on the metal sheet 2 Surface Vertical directions and moves greater than metal sheet 2 is less than the tensile strength of metal plate and belt 2.When the surface structure yield strength was greater than the tensile strength of metal sheet 2 when metal sheet 2 moves, the stress that applies was less than the tensile strength of metal sheet 2.Pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 maintains static when metal sheet 2 moves, and makes to produce slip and rolling between metal sheet 2 and the pressure sliding-rolling plate 1.For the two-sided pressure sliding-rolling of metal sheet 2, can adopt a pair of pressure sliding-rolling plate 1.Metal plate and belt 2 can carry out pressure sliding-rolling one time, also can carry out repeatedly pressure sliding-rolling, and promptly pressure sliding-rolling plate 1 can design one or more, or one or more pairs of.Behind the pressure sliding-rolling, can also carry out conventional rolling.Can also carry out reciprocal reversible pressure sliding-rolling than thick sheet metal 2.
The power that pressure sliding-rolling acts on the metal sheet 2 causes the metal material surface layer tissue to deform, and metal deforms under the acting in conjunction of pressure rolling and slip.As everyone knows, the deflection of metal plate and belt 2 surface structures is far longer than the deflection of metal plate and belt 2 heart portions under the rolling state, and under pressure sliding-rolling situation of the present invention, the heart portion of metal sheet 2 does not deform substantially and is out of shape and mainly occurs in the surface structure, therefore because the difference and the roll speed adjustment of draught, can form the high-speed great-deformation of metal sheet 2 wide surface structures, behind the one or many pressure sliding-rolling, cause metal sheet 2 surface structure generation high strain rate intense plastic strains to form the nanocrystal surface layer.
Adopting the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of pressure sliding-rolling is under low temperature or room temperature state metal plate and belt 2 to be carried out pressure sliding-rolling, metal plate and belt 2 is in the pressure sliding-rolling process, because high-speed great-deformation takes place in the upper layer tissue, cause the temperature of metal plate and belt 2 surface structures to raise, under the bigger situation of single draught, select thicker plate relatively general this moment, and the temperature of metal plate and belt 2 surface structures raises more, can reach the temperature of recrystallize, impel recrystallize to take place.But the time that recrystallize takes place is shorter, and reason is that metal plate and belt 2 heart portion temperature are low, causes surface temperature to reduce; Carrying out high speed cold after the pressure sliding-rolling impels the surface structure temperature to reduce fast also, referring to Fig. 1 high speed refrigerating unit 5, its acting in conjunction causes recrystallize only to form very little nucleus, and does not grow up, and also helps the making Nano surface that adjusting process is realized various metal sheets 2.
Method for making Nano surface of the present invention can be realized the online Surface Nanocrystalline in the rolling metal plate and tape process.This technology can install one or more pressure sliding-rolling machines additional in the low-temperature zone of existing cold rolling unit or hot rolling unit, realizes the making Nano surface of metal plate and belt in cold rolling or hot rolling production process.Also can carry out and the isolating independent Surface Nanocrystalline of production line.
Method for making Nano surface of the present invention adapts to various different metal plate making Nano surfaces.The adjustable processing parameter of this method comprises draught, metal plate and belt speed (roll speed), speed of cooling, pressure sliding-rolling number of times, pressure sliding-rolling direction (unidirectional or two-way) etc., make the strain of the surface structure of various metal sheets can reach more than 7, realize the high strain rate strong deformation of various different metal plate upper layer tissues, realize making Nano surface.
Method for making Nano surface of the present invention prepares the metal sheet surface quality.Metal plate and belt can carry out cold rolling and meet the requirements of thickness of slab after realizing making Nano surface through pressure sliding-rolling, controls the surface quality of metal plate and belt simultaneously.Also can carry out smooth roller and control the metallic surface quality.
The present invention can realize large size sheet metal making Nano surface, and can realize the continuous surface nanometer, is fit to the requirement of large scale continuous prod, the production efficiency height.
On cold-rolling mill, after the employing cold roll was accurately adjusted the roll gap width, it is motionless that roll keeps, and adopts cold coiling machine that tractive force is provided, and adopts the subcooling oil cooling, realizes pressure sliding-rolling technology.The unidirectional repeatedly rolling multistage effect of rolling that reaches of small sample, behind the small sample unidirection rolling that the sample turnback is rolling, realize the bidirectional reversible effect of rolling.
Quenched and tempered state and quenching attitude 40Cr steel plate, specification is: 200mm * 50mm * 5mm, the hole of respectively opening two φ 10 at the two ends of plate, in order to connect traction belt, the single draught is 50 μ m, the cooling oil temperature is 5 ℃, continuous 5 times rolling.Surface structure result behind the pressure sliding-rolling as can be known, quenched and tempered state steel plate surface nano layer thickness is 100 μ m, average grain size is 60nm, sees Fig. 2 (a).Quenching attitude steel plate can obviously be seen strong deformation through a pressure sliding-rolling rear surface layer tissue, sees Fig. 2 (b).
Adopt embodiment 1 described equipment and method, precision annealing attitude GCr15 steel, specification: 200mm * 50mm * 5mm, the hole of respectively opening two φ 10 at the two ends of plate, in order to connect traction belt, the single draught is 30 μ m, the cooling oil temperature is 25 ℃, continuous 5 times rolling.
Surface structure result behind the pressure sliding-rolling as can be known, the making Nano surface layer thickness is 50 μ m, average grain size is 45nm, sees shown in Figure 3.
Adopt embodiment 1 described equipment and method, chromium zirconium copper, specification: 200mm * 50mm * 6mm, the hole of respectively opening two φ 10 at the two ends of plate, in order to connect traction belt, the single draught is 60 μ m, air cooling adopts bidirectional rolling, rolling 6 times.Surface structure result behind the pressure sliding-rolling as can be known, the making Nano surface layer thickness is 120 μ m, average grain size is 80nm.
Adopt embodiment 1 described equipment and method, aluminium alloy plate, specification: 200mm * 50mm * 10mm, the hole of respectively opening two φ 10 at the two ends of plate, in order to connect traction belt, the single draught is 60 μ m, 5 ℃ of cooling oils adopt bidirectional rolling, rolling 3 times.
Surface structure result behind the pressure sliding-rolling as can be known, the making Nano surface layer thickness is 40 μ m, average grain size is 66nm.
Adopt embodiment 1 described equipment and method, 316L stainless steel plate, specification: 200mm * 50mm * 5mm, the hole of respectively opening two φ 10 at the two ends of plate, in order to connect traction belt, the single draught is 50 μ m, the cooling oil temperature is 5 ℃, adopts unidirection rolling, rolling 4 times.
Surface structure result behind the pressure sliding-rolling as can be known, the making Nano surface layer thickness is 42 μ m, average grain size is 72nm.
Specific embodiment and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 pressure sliding-rolling embodiment and result
| Example | Material | Specification (mm 3) | Draught (μ m) | Rolling mode | Passage | The type of cooling | Nanometer bed thickness (μ m) | Average grain size (nm) |
| 1 | The 40Cr steel | 200×50×5 | 50 | Unidirectional | 5 | Oil cooling | 100 | 60 |
| 2 | The GCr15 steel | 200×50×5 | 30 | Unidirectional | 5 | |
50 | 45 |
| 3 | CrZrCu | 200×50×6 | 60 | Two-way | 6 | Air cooling | 120 | 80 |
| 4 | ZnAl | 200×50×10 | 100 | Two- |
3 | Oil cooling | 40 | 66 |
| 5 | 316L | 200×50×5 | 50 | Unidirectional | 4 | Oil cooling | 42 | 72 |
Claims (7)
1. metal sheet surface nano crystallization method that adopts pressure sliding-rolling, it is characterized in that adopting pressure sliding-rolling, surface at metal sheet provides a vertical stress by a pressure sliding-rolling plate, the pressure sliding-rolling plate maintains static when metal sheet moves, make to produce slip and rolling between metal sheet and the pressure sliding-rolling plate, cause the metal sheet surface tissue that the high strain rate intense plastic strain takes place and form the nanocrystal surface layer.
2. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that pressure sliding-rolling plate one side is equipped with the high speed cold radiator cooler, metal sheet behind the sliding-rolling is cooled off fast, cause the metal sheet surface tissue that recrystallize behind the high strain rate intense plastic strain takes place and refinement forms the nanocrystal surface layer.
3. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the pressure sliding panel for two one-tenth are a pair of up and down, provides a pair of vertical stress to the metal sheet upper and lower surface, forms the brilliant upper layer of double-face nanometer.
4. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 3 is characterized in that how right the pressure sliding panel be, realizes that the repeatedly pressure sliding-rolling of metal sheet is handled.
5. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 1, the yield strength of surface structure when it is characterized in that being applied to stress on the metal sheet surface vertical direction and moving greater than metal sheet is less than the tensile strength of metal plate and belt.
6. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that when metal sheet moves surface structure yield strength greater than the tensile strength of metal sheet, the stress that applies is less than the tensile strength of metal sheet.
7. the metal sheet surface nano crystallization method of employing pressure sliding-rolling according to claim 1 is characterized in that the position that the pressure sliding-rolling plate contacts with metal sheet is slick curve form.
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| CN100595292C (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2010-03-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A high-speed machining method for realizing ultra-fine grain structure on the surface of metal materials |
| CN102051461B (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-03-06 | 大冶市亚光高强螺栓有限公司 | Surface strengthening method for magnetic yoke pull rod |
| CN104152651B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-03-29 | 武汉大学 | A kind of method that utilization distortion in rolling prepares metal material surface gradient nano layer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6086690A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-07-11 | Alcan International Limited | Process of producing aluminum sheet articles |
| CN1322851A (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2001-11-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High speed strain and in-situ high-strain method of producing nanometer crystal alloy |
| CN1621197A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2005-06-01 | 上海交通大学 | Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6086690A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-07-11 | Alcan International Limited | Process of producing aluminum sheet articles |
| CN1322851A (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2001-11-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High speed strain and in-situ high-strain method of producing nanometer crystal alloy |
| CN1621197A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2005-06-01 | 上海交通大学 | Machine parts surface nanocrystallization method by rolling |
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