CN109972002B - High-fatigue-resistance aluminum material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-fatigue-resistance aluminum material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high fatigue resistance aluminum material, which comprises the steps of raw material selection and smelting, molten aluminum component analysis, alloying treatment, refining, slag skimming, component adjustment, external refining and slag removal, continuous casting and continuous rolling. The invention also discloses the aluminum material prepared by the method and application of the aluminum material in preparing an automobile condenser pipe. The high fatigue resistance aluminum material prepared by the invention has good fatigue resistance, and the tensile strength can meet the requirements of aluminum alloy materials for extrusion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-fatigue-resistance aluminum material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, aluminum alloys have been widely used in vehicles, and are used as automobile parts instead of other materials (such as steel, plastics, etc.), and can be used in structures such as automobile bodies, wheels, fuel tanks, aluminum tanks, machine covers, motor cases, etc. Although aluminum alloys have advantages of good formability, good thermal conductivity, good plasticity, high strength, etc., their fatigue resistance is still to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance, the aluminum material prepared by the method has good fatigue resistance, and the tensile strength and the electric conductivity of the aluminum material accord with the requirements of an aluminum alloy material for extrusion.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting raw materials according to the following component proportion, mixing, and putting an aluminum source in the raw materials into a melting furnace for melting: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01 to 0.02 wt%, Al: the balance;
s2, transferring the smelted aluminum liquid to a heat preservation furnace, uniformly stirring, sampling, performing component analysis, and detecting the content of Al, Mn, Si, Fe, Cu, Ti, Cr, Zr and Sc in the aluminum liquid;
s3, when the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace is 740 +/-10 ℃, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-chromium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy into the furnace, and stirring to make the aluminum liquid uniform; heating the aluminum liquid to 750 +/-10 ℃, adding the aluminum-titanium alloy and the aluminum-scandium alloy, and uniformly stirring;
s4, introducing a refining agent into the molten aluminum in the heat preservation furnace for refining;
s5, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
s6, sampling the aluminum liquid in the furnace for component analysis, and confirming that the components of the aluminum liquid are as follows: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01-0.02 wt%; if the sampling result does not accord with the above components, adjusting, sampling and analyzing; if the sampling result meets the requirement, opening the furnace and releasing when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740 +/-10 ℃;
s7, introducing the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device and a filtering device to remove gas and slag;
s8, continuously casting the aluminum liquid, wherein the casting temperature is 675-695 ℃, and the casting blank temperature on the approach bridge is 530-570 ℃;
s9, continuously rolling the cast blank obtained by casting, wherein the rolling temperature is controlled to be 520-540 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃.
Further, step S1 includes a step of detecting components of each raw material to ensure that each component meets the process requirement of the product and prevent each component from exceeding the range.
Further, in step S1, an aluminum ingot and AlSi having a purity of not less than 99.7% are selected12、AlFe20、AlCu50、AlMn10、AlCr10、AlZr10、AlTi10And AlSc10The raw materials are used for mixing.
Further, in step S2, when the temperature of the molten aluminum in the melting furnace is more than or equal to 720 ℃, the molten aluminum is transferred into a heat preservation furnace to be uniformly stirred, and the heat is preserved at 750-780 ℃.
Further, in step S4, the refining agent is a high-efficiency powder injection refining agent, the amount of the refining agent is 0.15 to 0.4%, the carrier of the refining agent is high-purity nitrogen with a purity of 99.999%, the refining time is controlled to be 20 to 30 minutes, and the nitrogen pressure is controlled to be 10 to 15 KPa.
Further, in step S4, refining is started when the temperature of the molten aluminum is 750 +/-10 ℃, and the temperature of the molten aluminum is controlled to be 740 +/-10 ℃ in the refining process.
Further, in step S5, the temperature of the molten aluminum is controlled to be 730 +/-10 ℃ in the slagging-off process.
Further, in step S7, the filter device is a two-stage ceramic filter plate having a pore size of 40PPI and 60 PPI.
Further, in step S8, the casting blank is cooled by a steel strip and U-shaped crystallization wheel surrounding cooling method, and the temperature of cooling water is 25-35 ℃.
Further, in step S9, in the rolling process, the roller and the aluminum material are lubricated and cooled by using an emulsion, and the concentration of the emulsion is 12-16%. Preferably, the concentration of the emulsion is 14%.
Further, the method also comprises the step of drying and cleaning the rolled aluminum material by adopting 0.5-0.6 MPa of compressed air.
Further, the method also comprises a step of naturally cooling the cleaned aluminum material. Preferably, the natural cooling time is not less than 24 h.
The invention also provides the high fatigue resistance aluminum material prepared by the method, which comprises the following components: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01 to 0.02 wt%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In addition, the invention also provides application of the high fatigue resistance aluminum material in preparing an automobile condenser pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a single manganese element is not used as a material for improving fatigue resistance, but in the present invention, the inventors found that after the manganese element is added, it works together with other components of the aluminum alloy material to improve the fatigue resistance of the material. The material is extruded and formed into the material for the automobile condenser after a complete annealing process, and the periodic vibration and fatigue performance are obviously improved after a corrosion resistance test.
2. The invention realizes the comprehensive benefit of the microalloy method formed in the casting solidification by controlling the content of each trace element in the aluminum material and adding various trace alloy elements, and finally eliminates the defects generated by the extrusion forming method: the thin extruded pipe is easy to break and leak, and the automobile condenser pipe has the fatigue fracture phenomenon caused by long-term periodic movement under the use working condition.
3. According to the formula of the aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention, Fe, Si, Cu, Mn, Ti, Zr, Cr and Sc are used as main additive components, so that recrystallized grains of the product are refined, and the strength and the elongation are improved; the aluminum alloy rod prepared by combining the production process method provided by the invention completely meets the requirements after verification.
4. The 9.5mm aluminum rod prepared by the method has the tensile strength of 110-125 MPa and the elongation of 12% at 20 ℃, and the corrosion resistance and the fatigue resistance meet the requirements of an automobile condenser.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
As described in the background art, the existing aluminum material has low fatigue resistance, and cannot meet the requirement of the fatigue resistance of the automobile condenser material, and in order to solve the problem, the invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum material with high fatigue resistance, which refers to the process flow shown in the attached drawing 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, raw material selection and smelting: raw material inspection and selection is first performed. The purpose of the test is as follows: ensures that each component meets the process requirements of the product and prevents each component from exceeding the range. The raw materials are selected according to the following component proportions: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10-0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01-0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01-0.02 wt%, Al: and (4) the balance.
Preferably, Al99.70 aluminum ingot and AlSi are selected12、AlFe20、AlCu50、AlMn10、AlCr10、AlZr10、AlTi10And AlSc10As a starting material.
Preferably, a mark Al99.70 remelting aluminum ingot is selected for optimized matching use. The specific chemical components of the aluminum ingot are shown in Table 1;
TABLE 1 chemical composition of Al99.70 remelted aluminum ingots
The industrial pure aluminum of Al99.70 is adopted, so that the aluminum rod prepared by the invention has the advantages of sufficient raw material supply, low cost, convenient purchase and the like; meanwhile, the aluminum matrix can also adopt refined aluminum or high-purity aluminum as matrix alloy, the aluminum matrix has higher quality than common aluminum-based materials, and the processed product has more advantages in electrical property and mechanical property.
Putting the aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, and heating to melt the aluminum ingot. When the temperature of the molten aluminum in the melting furnace is more than or equal to 720 ℃, transferring the molten aluminum into a heat preservation furnace, uniformly stirring, and preserving heat at 750-780 ℃. The melting furnace may be a melting furnace with a melting rate of 8 t/h.
S2, analyzing the components of the aluminum liquid: and sampling from the aluminum liquid, and detecting the contents of Al, Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ti and other elements in the aluminum liquid. Preferably, the rapid analysis is performed using a direct-reading spectrometer. According to the inspection result, the total feeding amount of the aluminum ingot and the components of each intermediate alloy, the required addition amount of the aluminum-silicon, aluminum-iron, aluminum-copper, aluminum-manganese, aluminum-chromium, aluminum-zirconium, aluminum-scandium and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys can be corrected.
S3, alloying treatment: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace is 740 +/-10 ℃, aluminum silicon, aluminum iron, aluminum copper, aluminum manganese, aluminum chromium and aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy are added. And after the intermediate alloy is put into the furnace, fully stirring the melt in the furnace, wherein manual stirring and electromagnetic stirring can be adopted, and the stirring time is more than or equal to 30 minutes, so that the components of the molten aluminum are uniform. After stirring, the aluminum liquid is quickly heated to 750 +/-10 ℃, and at the moment, the aluminum-titanium alloy and the aluminum-scandium alloy are required to be added.
S4, refining: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 750 +/-10 ℃, 99.999 percent of high-purity nitrogen is used as a carrier, the powder spraying refining agent is introduced into the melt in the heat preservation furnace for refining, and meanwhile, the aluminum liquid is fully stirred, so that the purification treatment such as degassing, impurity removal and the like of the aluminum liquid is achieved. And controlling the blowing speed of the refining agent and the pressure of nitrogen during refining, so that the refining time is controlled to be more than 45 minutes, and the refining temperature is controlled to be 750-780 ℃.
Preferably, the main components of the powder spraying refining agent are sodium chloride, potassium chloride and cryolite, and the dosage of the refining agent is 0.4% of the total amount of the furnace charge.
S5, slagging off: and after refining, heating the molten aluminum, standing the melt for 5-10 minutes, opening a slagging-off door of the heat preservation furnace to carry out slagging-off when the temperature of the molten aluminum is more than or equal to 730 ℃, and completely slagging off the scum on the surface of the molten aluminum.
S6, component adjustment: after slagging off is finished, allowing the aluminum liquid to stand in a heat preservation furnace for 30-40 minutes, keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 740 +/-10 ℃, then sampling the aluminum liquid in the furnace for chemical component analysis, and confirming that the chemical component composition of the aluminum liquid is as follows: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01 to 0.02 wt%.
The sampling positions are at least 3 different places and are uniformly distributed. If the sampling result is not consistent with the above components, the adjustment should be performed, and the sample is again stirred and stood for analysis.
S7, refining outside the furnace and deslagging: when the chemical components of the aluminum liquid meet the requirements and the temperature reaches 740 +/-10 ℃, the furnace is opened and the flow is released. And the aluminum liquid is discharged from the heat preservation furnace, enters the online degassing device and the filtering device through the launder, is refined outside the furnace, and is degassed and deslagged again. Preferably, a slag removing instrument is used for removing slag, and the slag removing effect needs to be monitored in the slag removing process.
In order to control harmful gas in the molten aluminum, a degassing system is adopted for processing, a hydrogen detector is adopted for detecting, and a deslagging instrument is adopted for deslagging after degassing.
The index requirements for outgassing are as follows:
TABLE 2 degassing requirements
| Before on-line degassing/. ltoreq. | After in-line degassing/. ltoreq. |
| 0.300ml/100g | 0.15ml/100g |
The filter device is preferably a dual stage ceramic filter plate having a pore size of 40PPI and 60 PPI.
S8, continuous casting: and continuously casting the refined clean aluminum liquid again, wherein the casting temperature is controlled at 675-695 ℃. And controlling the speed of the crystallization wheel and the pressure of cooling water to ensure that the temperature of the casting blank discharged from the crystallization wheel onto the approach bridge is 530-570 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the casting cooling water is 25-35 ℃, and the total pressure of the cooling water is 0.30 MPa.
S9, continuous rolling: straightening the prepared casting blank, and controlling the temperature of the casting blank to be kept at 520-540 ℃ before rolling, wherein the final rolling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃.
Preferably, the roller and the aluminum rod are lubricated and cooled by using a conventional aluminum continuous rolling emulsion in the continuous rolling process, the concentration of the emulsion is 12-16%, the preferred concentration is 14%, the temperature is 65 ℃, and the pressure is 0.25 MPa.
S10, natural cooling: and (3) after taking up the rolled aluminum material, placing the rolled aluminum material on the field for natural cooling treatment.
And S11, detecting the performance.
Examples 1 to 4: rolled aluminum rod for preparing automobile condenser with diameter of 9.5mm
1. Raw material batching
TABLE 3 compounding ratio of each component in the aluminum materials of examples 1 to 4
The raw materials are proportioned according to the component proportion in the table 3, and Al99.70 remelting aluminum ingot and AlSi are selected12、AlFe20、AlCu50、AlMn10、AlCr10、AlZr10、AlTi10And AlSc10As a starting material.
The preparation method of the rolled aluminum rod comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the aluminum ingot into a melting furnace for melting, transferring the aluminum ingot into a heat preservation furnace for uniformly stirring when the temperature of the molten aluminum in the melting furnace is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and preserving heat at 750-780 ℃. And detecting the content of each component in the aluminum liquid by adopting a direct-reading spectrometer. When the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace is 740 +/-10 ℃, adding other alloys in advance, and fully stirring the melt in the furnace (manual and electromagnetic stirring), wherein the stirring time is as follows: the time is more than or equal to 30 minutes, so that the components of the aluminum liquid are uniform. After stirring, the aluminum liquid is quickly heated to 750 +/-10 ℃, and the aluminum-titanium alloy and the aluminum-scandium alloy are added. The powder spraying refining agent (the main components are sodium chloride, potassium chloride and cryolite) is adopted for refining, the dosage of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total amount of furnace burden, the refining agent is blown into molten aluminum in the furnace by high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.999 percent for refining, and the molten aluminum is fully stirred again. And after refining, heating the aluminum liquid, standing the melt for 5-10 minutes, opening a slagging-off door of the heat preservation furnace to carry out slagging-off when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is more than or equal to 730 ℃, and completely slagging off the scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid. And after slagging off is finished, allowing the aluminum liquid to stand in the heat preservation furnace for 30-40 minutes, and keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid at 740 +/-10 ℃. And then sampling the aluminum liquid in the furnace for analysis, and determining whether the aluminum liquid needs to be adjusted. And if the components of the aluminum liquid meet the requirements and the temperature reaches 740 +/-10 ℃, discharging the aluminum liquid out of the heat preservation furnace, passing the aluminum liquid through a launder, entering an online degassing device and a filtering device, carrying out external refining, and degassing and deslagging again.
Step two: continuously casting the aluminum liquid obtained in the first step, wherein the casting temperature is controlled at 675-695 ℃; in the casting process, a steel belt and U-shaped crystallization wheel surrounding and cooling method is adopted to mold a casting blank, and the temperature of cooling water is controlled to be 25 +/-5 ℃.
Step three: and continuously rolling the cast aluminum blank, wherein the initial temperature is controlled to be 520-540 ℃ during rolling, and the final rolling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃.
Step four: and (3) rapidly adopting inert gas for protection after rolling, placing the rolled aluminum rod in a well type return furnace or a box type annealing furnace for a complete annealing process, wherein the annealing temperature is 440-490 ℃, the temperature rise time is 3-5 h, and the heat preservation time is 12-15 h, so that the good fluidity of the subsequent extrusion process is improved.
Step five: and the annealed aluminum rod needs to be placed for air cooling.
Step six: the aluminum rod is cleaned by 0.1% caustic soda solution, and is decontaminated by a steel brush.
Step seven: 2 aluminum rods are fed into the aluminum rod at the same time, extrusion forming is carried out, and the extrusion temperature is controlled to be 350 +/-20 ℃. Controlling the material escape proportion to be 8-15%.
Step eight: after extrusion, the surface is coated with a specific coating material, namely paraffin, so that the corrosion resistance can be improved.
Material property detection
The performance parameters of the rolled aluminum rods for the automobile condensers prepared in examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Performance parameters of aluminum bars prepared in examples 1-4
Therefore, the rolled aluminum rod for the automobile condenser prepared by the method meets the requirements on strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and fatigue resistance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high fatigue resistance aluminum material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting raw materials according to the following component proportion, mixing, and putting an aluminum source in the raw materials into a melting furnace for melting: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01 to 0.02 wt%, Al: the balance;
s2, transferring the smelted aluminum liquid to a heat preservation furnace, uniformly stirring, sampling, performing component analysis, and detecting the content of Al, Mn, Si, Fe, Cu, Ti, Cr, Zr and Sc in the aluminum liquid;
s3, when the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace is 740 +/-10 ℃, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-iron alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-manganese alloy, aluminum-chromium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy into the furnace, and stirring to make the aluminum liquid uniform; heating the aluminum liquid to 750 +/-10 ℃, adding the aluminum-titanium alloy and the aluminum-scandium alloy, and uniformly stirring;
s4, introducing a refining agent into the molten aluminum in the heat preservation furnace for refining;
s5, removing scum on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
s6, sampling the aluminum liquid in the furnace for component analysis, and confirming that the components of the aluminum liquid are as follows: si: 0.03 to 0.06 wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.85 wt%, Fe: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.35 wt%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.03 wt%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, Zr: 0.035-0.050 wt%, Sc: 0.01-0.02 wt%; if the sampling result does not accord with the above components, adjusting, sampling and analyzing; if the sampling result meets the requirement, opening the furnace and releasing when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 740 +/-10 ℃;
s7, introducing the aluminum liquid into an online degassing device and a filtering device, degassing and deslagging;
s8, continuously casting the aluminum liquid, wherein the casting temperature is 675-695 ℃, and the casting blank temperature on the approach bridge is 530-570 ℃;
s9, continuously rolling the casting blank obtained by casting, wherein the rolling temperature is controlled to be 520-540 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 200-300 ℃.
2. The method for producing an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S1, an aluminum ingot with a purity of 99.7% or more and AlSi are selected12、AlFe20、AlCu50、AlMn10、AlCr10、AlZr10、AlTi10And AlSc10The raw materials are used for mixing.
3. The method for preparing aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, when the temperature of the molten aluminum in the melting furnace is not less than 720 ℃, the molten aluminum is transferred to a holding furnace to be stirred uniformly, and the temperature is held at 750-780 ℃.
4. The method for preparing an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the refining agent is a powder injection refining agent, and the amount of the powder injection refining agent is 0.15 to 0.4 percent; the refining agent carrier is high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.999%, the refining time is controlled to be 20-30 minutes, and the nitrogen pressure is controlled to be 10-15 KPa.
5. The method for preparing aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S4, refining is started when the temperature of aluminum liquid is 750 ± 10 ℃, and the temperature of aluminum liquid in the refining process is controlled to be 740 ± 10 ℃.
6. The method for preparing aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the filter device is a two-stage ceramic filter plate, and the pore size of the ceramic filter plate is 40PPI and 60 PPI.
7. The method for preparing an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S9, the rolling process uses emulsion to lubricate and cool the roller and the aluminum material, and the emulsion volume concentration is 12-16%.
8. The method for producing an aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as set forth in claim 1, further comprising the step of drying and cleaning the aluminum material obtained by rolling with compressed air of 0.5 to 0.6 MPa.
9. The high fatigue resistance aluminum material prepared by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the aluminum material with high fatigue resistance as claimed in claim 9 for the production of an automobile condenser tube.
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