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CN109950263A - Imaging sensor and forming method thereof - Google Patents

Imaging sensor and forming method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109950263A
CN109950263A CN201910212162.4A CN201910212162A CN109950263A CN 109950263 A CN109950263 A CN 109950263A CN 201910212162 A CN201910212162 A CN 201910212162A CN 109950263 A CN109950263 A CN 109950263A
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China
Prior art keywords
photodiode
semiconductor substrate
epitaxial layer
imaging sensor
forming method
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CN201910212162.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘少东
柯天麒
王阳阳
汤茂亮
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Huaian Imaging Device Manufacturer Corp
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Huaian Imaging Device Manufacturer Corp
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Priority to CN201910212162.4A priority Critical patent/CN109950263A/en
Publication of CN109950263A publication Critical patent/CN109950263A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

Technical solution of the present invention discloses a kind of imaging sensor and forming method thereof, and the forming method of described image sensor includes: offer semiconductor substrate;Ion implanting is carried out to the semiconductor substrate, to form the photodiode doped region of discrete arrangement in the semiconductor substrate;Epitaxial layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate;Ion implanting is carried out to the epitaxial layer, is formed and the continuous photodiode expansion area of the photodiode doped region in the epitaxial layer of the photodiode corresponding position.Technical solution of the present invention improves quantum conversion by increasing the doping depth of photodiode.

Description

Imaging sensor and forming method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of manufacturing semiconductors more particularly to a kind of cmos image sensor and forming method thereof.
Background technique
Existing cmos image sensor mainly includes (Front-side Illumination, abbreviation FSI) front-illuminated Two kinds of cmos image sensor of cmos image sensor and back-illuminated type (Back-side Illumination, abbreviation BSI).Its In, in back side illumination image sensor, light from the back surface incident of imaging sensor on photodiode into imaging sensor, To convert light energy into electric energy;Back-illuminated cmos image sensors are because its better photoelectric conversion result (i.e. imitate by quantum conversion Rate is high) and the wider application of acquisition.
In the image sensor, since the path length of photodiodes is directly proportional to the wavelength of incident light, because This longer wavelengths of light such as infrared light needs longer depletion region to absorb.If the length of depletion region is inadequate, one is had Light splitting can penetrate semiconductor substrate or be absorbed outside depletion region, and photosignal is caused to weaken, and reduce quantum efficiency.
In the prior art, by directly increase photodiode doping depth increase depletion region length, but by The limitation of the maximum Implantation Energy of ion implanting, the doping depth of the prior art are difficult to reach ideal state.
Summary of the invention
Technical solution of the present invention technical problems to be solved are to provide a kind of imaging sensor and forming method thereof, pass through increasing Add the doping depth of photodiode, improves quantum conversion.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of forming method of imaging sensor, comprising: mention For semiconductor substrate;Ion implanting is carried out to the semiconductor substrate, to form discrete arrangement in the semiconductor substrate Photodiode doped region;Epitaxial layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate;Ion implanting is carried out to the epitaxial layer, described It is formed in the epitaxial layer of photodiode corresponding position and is expanded with the continuous photodiode of the photodiode doped region Exhibition section.
Optionally, the photodiode doped region is identical as the doping type of the photodiode expansion area, and with The doping type of the semiconductor substrate is opposite.
Optionally, the method for forming the epitaxial layer is vapor phase epitaxial growth.
Optionally, the epitaxial layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm.
Optionally, the Doped ions of the photodiode doped region are arsenic ion or phosphonium ion, and maximum Implantation Energy is 2000KeV to 3500KeV.
Optionally, the doping concentration of the Doped ions is 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
Optionally, the Doped ions of the photodiode expansion area are arsenic ion or phosphonium ion, and maximum Implantation Energy is 2000KeV to 3500KeV.
Optionally, the doping concentration of the Doped ions is 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
Optionally, the critical size of the photodiode expansion area be the photodiode doped region 20% to 60%.
Optionally, after forming the epitaxial layer, further includes: formed in the epitaxial layer and the semiconductor substrate Isolated area, the isolated area include shallow-trench isolation and deep injection isolation.
The imaging sensor that the forming method of imaging sensor through the above technical solution obtains, comprising: semiconductor lining Bottom, the interior photodiode doped region with discrete arrangement of the semiconductor substrate;Epitaxial layer is located in the semiconductor substrate And the covering photodiode doped region;Photodiode expansion area, be located at the epitaxial layer in, and with two pole of photoelectricity It is corresponding and continuous that pipe adulterates zone position.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
After forming photodiode doped region in semiconductor substrate, epitaxial layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate, it is right Epitaxial layer carries out ion implanting and is formed and the continuous photodiode expansion area of photodiode doped region, photodiode extension Area is consistent with the doping type of photodiode doped region, to semiconductor substrate and epitaxial layer substep carry out ion implanting, not by The limitation of the maximum Implantation Energy of ion implanting, can increase the doping depth of finally formed photodiode, extend light Path is absorbed, quantum conversion is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the section structure for imaging sensor.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 is that the corresponding cross-section structure of each step shows in the forming method of the imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention It is intended to;
Fig. 2A is the structural representation that the embodiment of the present invention forms production photodiode doped region during imaging sensor Figure;
Fig. 4 A to Fig. 4 C is the structural schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention forms production isolated area during imaging sensor.
Specific embodiment
Currently, extend the absorption path of light by the doping depth for increasing photodiode, but by ion implanting The limitation of ceiling capacity, the doping depth of the prior art are difficult to reach ideal state.
Referring to Fig.1, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of imaging sensor.Described image sensor may include: semiconductor Substrate 100;In the semiconductor substrate 100 and the photodiode 110 of discrete arrangement;Isolated area 120 is located at described half In conductor substrate, and between each two pipe 110 of photoelectricity;Colored filter 130 is located in the semiconductor substrate 100; Lenticule 140 is located on the colored filter 130.
Wherein, the isolated area 120 may include shallow-trench isolation (Shallow Trench Isolation, STI) 121 with And (Photo Diode Isolation) 122 is isolated in photodiode.Wherein, the photodiode isolation 122 can claim again Isolation (Deep Implant Isolation) 122 is injected to be deep, the depth of the photodiode isolation 122 is deeper than described shallow The depth of slot isolation 121.
Inventor has found that forming epitaxial layer on the surface of semiconductor substrate 100, ion note is carried out to epitaxial layer Enter to be formed with the continuous photodiode expansion area of photodiode doped region, to semiconductor substrate and epitaxial layer substep carry out from Son injection, is not limited by the maximum Implantation Energy of ion implanting, can increase the doping depth of photodiode, extend light Path is absorbed, quantum conversion is improved.
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 is that the corresponding cross-section structure of each step shows in the forming method of the imaging sensor of the embodiment of the present invention It is intended to.
With reference to Fig. 2, semiconductor substrate 200 is provided, ion implanting is carried out to the semiconductor substrate 200, is partly led described The photodiode doped region 210 of discrete arrangement is formed in body substrate 200.
In specific implementation, the semiconductor substrate 200 can be silicon substrate or the material of the semiconductor substrate 200 Material can also be the materials appropriate applied to imaging sensor such as germanium, SiGe, silicon carbide, GaAs or gallium indium, described Semiconductor substrate 200 can also be the silicon substrate of insulator surface or the germanium substrate of insulator surface.
The processing step for being specifically form the photodiode doped region 210 can refer to Fig. 2A, firstly, partly leading described Photoresist layer 240 is formed in body substrate 200;By photoetching process, the photoresist layer 240 is patterned, defines two pole of photoelectricity Pipe doped region 210;It is exposure mask with the patterned photoresist layer 240, ion implanting is carried out to the semiconductor substrate 200, Form photodiode doped region 210.
In the present embodiment, the doping type of the photodiode doped region 210 is N-type.Specifically, the photoelectricity two The doping type of pole pipe doped region 210 is opposite with the doping type of the semiconductor substrate 200.If the semiconductor substrate 200 be N-type substrate, then the Doped ions of the photodiode doped region 210 are P-type ion, for example including boron (B) ion; , whereas if the semiconductor substrate 100 is P type substrate, then the Doped ions of the photodiode doped region 210 are N-type Ion, for example including phosphorus (P) ion or arsenic (As) ion.
Currently, semiconductor substrate 200 is mostly P type substrate, therefore photodiode doped region 210 is mixed in the present embodiment Miscellany type is preferably N-type.
Specifically, the Doped ions of the photodiode doped region 210 can be arsenic ion or phosphonium ion.When doping from When son is arsenic ion, arsenic ion can be 2000keV to 3500keV in the Implantation Energy of the photodiode doped region 210; At this point, the doping concentration of arsenic ion can be 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
When Doped ions are phosphonium ion, phosphonium ion can be in the Implantation Energy of the photodiode doped region 210 2000keV to 3500keV;At this point, the doping concentration of phosphonium ion can be 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
With reference to Fig. 3, epitaxial layer 300 is formed in the semiconductor substrate 200.
In the present embodiment, the method for forming epitaxial layer 300 can be vapor phase epitaxial growth, and used gas can be Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) or trichlorosilane (SiHCl3), silane (SiH4) or dichloro hydrogen silicon (SiH2Cl2) etc..
In the present embodiment, the doping type of the epitaxial layer 300 is identical as the doping type of the semiconductor substrate 200. If the doping type of the semiconductor substrate 200 is N-type, the dopant of the epitaxial layer 300 is phosphine (PH3) or trichlorine Change phosphorus (PCl3);, whereas if the doping type of the semiconductor substrate 200 is p-type, the then dopant of the epitaxial layer 300 For diborane (B2H6) or boron chloride (BCl3)。
In the present embodiment, the epitaxial layer 300 with a thickness of 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm.
With reference to Fig. 4, isolated area 240, the isolated area are formed in the epitaxial layer 300 and the semiconductor substrate 200 240 include shallow-trench isolation 230 and deep injection isolation 220.
The technique for being specifically form isolated area is as follows: referring initially to Fig. 4 A, forming photoetching on the surface of the epitaxial layer 300 Glue-line 340;The photoresist layer 340 is patterned, groove figure is defined;It is to cover with patterned photoresist layer 340 Film etches the epitaxial layer 300 along groove figure, forms shallow slot 321 in the epitaxial layer 300.
With reference to Fig. 4 B, continue with the photoresist layer 340 to be exposure mask, along the shallow slot 321, to 300 He of epitaxial layer The semiconductor substrate 200 carries out ion implanting, forms deep injection isolation 220.
In the present embodiment, forming ion used by the deep injection isolation 220 can be boron ion, and Implantation Energy is 1300KeV to 2000KeV.
When the Doped ions of the deep injection isolation 220 are boron ion, the doping concentration of the deep injection isolation 220 is big About 4.4E12atom/cm3To 4.4E13atom/cm3
With reference to Fig. 4 C, full insulation material layer is filled into shallow slot 321, forms shallow-trench isolation 230.
Subsequent technique removes photoresist layer 340;Then the shallow-trench isolation 230 is planarized again.
With reference to Fig. 5, ion implanting is carried out in Xiang Suoshu epitaxial layer 300, forms photodiode in the epitaxial layer 300 Expansion area 310, the photodiode doped region 210 and 310 position of photodiode expansion area are corresponding and continuous, described Photodiode doped region 210 and the photodiode expansion area 310 constitute photodiode.
In the present embodiment, the technique for forming the photodiode expansion area 310 is as follows: firstly, in the epitaxial layer 300 Surface formed photoresist layer 350;The photoresist layer 350 is patterned, photodiode expansion area figure is defined, The graph position of the photodiode expansion area is one-to-one with the photodiode doped region 210;With patterning Photoresist layer 350 be exposure mask, along the photodiode expansion area figure to the epitaxial layer 300 carry out ion implanting, Form photodiode expansion area 310.
In the present embodiment, type and the photodiode of the Doped ions of the photodiode expansion area 310 are mixed The Doped ions type in miscellaneous area 210 is consistent.It can be arsenic ion or phosphonium ion, when Doped ions are arsenic ion, arsenic ion exists The Implantation Energy of the photodiode expansion area 310 can be 2000keV to 3500keV;At this point, the doping concentration of arsenic ion It can be 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
When Doped ions are phosphonium ion, Implantation Energy of the phosphonium ion in the photodiode expansion area 310 can be 2000keV to 3500keV;At this point, the doping concentration of phosphonium ion can be 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
In the present embodiment, the critical size (CD, Critical Dimension) of the photodiode expansion area 310 is The 20% to 60% of the photodiode doped region 210.If the critical size of the photodiode expansion area 310 is less than The 20% of the photodiode doped region 210 then cannot achieve the effect for improving quantum conversion;If the photoelectricity two The critical size of pole pipe expansion area 310 is greater than the 60% of the photodiode doped region 210, then excessive doping depth can produce Give birth to the problem that central area carrier can not be completely depleted.
After foring the photodiode expansion area 310, as shown in fig. 6, being formed in the semiconductor substrate 200 color Colo(u)r filter 130 forms 200 surface of the semiconductor substrate of the colored filter 130 and forms the half of the epitaxial layer 200 surface of conductor substrate is opposite.Lenticule 140, each lenticule 140 and each photoelectricity two are formed on the colored filter 130 Pole pipe is corresponding.
Wherein, the colored filter 130 is the filter layer that multiple partitioned arrangements are isolated by metal grate (not shown), And each filter layer is corresponding with each photodiode.
In technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, photodiode is formed in the semiconductor substrate 200 Doped region 210 forms epitaxial layer 300 in the semiconductor substrate 200, is formed and the photoelectricity in the epitaxial layer 300 The continuous photodiode expansion area 310 of diode doped region 210, may be implemented uniformly to adulterate, and not by ion implanting Ceiling capacity limitation ground extend light absorption path, improve quantum conversion.
The imaging sensor formed using above embodiment, comprising: semiconductor substrate 200, the semiconductor substrate 200 Inside it is formed with several discrete photodiode doped regions 210;Epitaxial layer 300 is located at 200 surface of semiconductor substrate;Light Electric diode expansion area 310, be located at the epitaxial layer 300 in, and it is corresponding with each 210 position of photodiode doped region and Continuously;And isolated area 240, it is located inside the semiconductor substrate 200 and the epitaxial layer 300, the isolated area 240 includes shallow Slot isolation 230 and deep injection isolation 220.
Complete imaging sensor further include: colored filter 130 is located at 200 surface of semiconductor substrate, forms institute State 200 surface of the semiconductor substrate of colored filter 130 and the 200 surface phase of semiconductor substrate for forming the epitaxial layer It is right;Metal grate is located at 200 surface of semiconductor substrate, and the colored filter 130 is separated into several filter layers; Lenticule 140 is located on the colored filter 130, and each lenticule 140 is corresponded with each photodiode.
Although the present invention discloses as above in a preferred embodiment thereof, it is not for limiting the present invention, any ability Field technique personnel without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, may be by the methods and technical content of the disclosure above to this Inventive technique scheme makes possible variation and modification, therefore, anything that does not depart from the technical scheme of the invention, according to this hair Bright technical spirit belongs to the technology of the present invention to any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications made by embodiment of above The protection scope of scheme.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of forming method of imaging sensor characterized by comprising
Semiconductor substrate is provided;
Ion implanting is carried out to the semiconductor substrate, to form the photodiode of discrete arrangement in the semiconductor substrate Doped region;
Epitaxial layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate;
To the epitaxial layer carry out ion implanting, in the epitaxial layer of the photodiode corresponding position formed with it is described The continuous photodiode expansion area of photodiode doped region.
2. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodiode doped region with The doping type of the photodiode expansion area is identical, and opposite with the doping type of the semiconductor substrate.
3. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for forming the epitaxial layer is Vapor phase epitaxial growth.
4. the forming method of imaging sensor as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the epitaxial layer with a thickness of 0.5 μ M to 1.5 μm.
5. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodiode doped region Doped ions are arsenic ion or phosphonium ion, and maximum Implantation Energy is 2000KeV to 3500KeV.
6. the forming method of imaging sensor as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the doping concentration of the Doped ions For 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
7. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodiode expansion area Doped ions are arsenic ion or phosphonium ion, and maximum Implantation Energy is 2000KeV to 3500KeV.
8. the forming method of imaging sensor as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the doping of the injection Doped ions Concentration is 2.1E12atom/cm3To 2.1E13atom/cm3
9. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodiode expansion area Critical size is the 20%~60% of the photodiode doped region.
10. the forming method of imaging sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that after forming the epitaxial layer, Further include:
Form isolated area in the epitaxial layer and the semiconductor substrate, the isolated area include shallow-trench isolation and deep injection every From.
11. a kind of imaging sensor characterized by comprising
Semiconductor substrate, the interior photodiode doped region with discrete arrangement of the semiconductor substrate;
Epitaxial layer is located in the semiconductor substrate and covers the photodiode doped region;
Photodiode expansion area is located in the epitaxial layer, and corresponding with photodiode doping zone position and continuous.
CN201910212162.4A 2019-03-20 2019-03-20 Imaging sensor and forming method thereof Pending CN109950263A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190628