CN109957686A

CN109957686A - A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy and preparation process

Info

Publication number: CN109957686A
Application number: CN201910222860.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈永禄; 洪丽华
Original assignee: Fujian University of Technology
Current assignee: Fujian University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-03-22
Filing date: 2019-03-22
Publication date: 2019-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2039-03-22
Also published as: CN109957686B

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of cylinder and applies alusil alloy and preparation process, each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy: Si:12 ~ 15%, Cu:1 ~ 5%, Ni:1 ~ 4%, Mg:0.5 ~ 2.5%, Sr:0.01 ~ 0.1%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:0.1 ~ 1%, impurity element: less than 1%, surplus Al, the sum of each ingredient total amount are 100%.The present invention is only selectively added the elements such as Cu, Ni, Mg using the alusil alloy close to eutectic point silicone content as matrix, simplifies the modification process of alloy phase and weakens isolate effect of the alloy with respect to matrix.Since silicone content is low, primary silicon phase amount is few and small, and using compression casting moulding process ((such as: squeezing casting, common die casting, low pressure casting)), increase solid solubility of the silicon in α-Al, mutually gone bad to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys with alloy using Sr/RE composite modifier, the comprehensive performance for promoting alusil alloy, in conjunction with the T6 treatment process of optimization, product is set to have the advantages that specific gravity is smaller, linear expansion coefficient is lower, wearability and volume stability are higher, to meet the application requirement of cylinder sleeve.

Description

A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy and preparation process

Technical field

The present invention relates to metal alloy and its preparation technical fields more particularly to a kind of cylinder to apply alusil alloy and preparation Technique.

Background technique

In order to realize automotive energy-saving emission-reducing, in addition to developing green clean energy resource, realize that vehicle lightweight is even more the most important thing. Grind and show: if vehicle complete vehicle weight reduces by 10%, fuel efficiency can be improved 6%~8%；Vehicle complete vehicle quality is every to reduce 100 Kilogram, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers can reduce by 0.3~0.6 liter, and vehicle weight reduces by 1%, and oil consumption can reduce by 0.7%.In electric car skill During art maturing, the R&D direction that oil gas engine performance is still automobile industry is promoted.Cylinder sleeve is as hair An important components in motivation, operating condition is severe, and quality good or not will directly affect engine performance.Although at present in aluminum The way that Cast iron liner is inlayed in cylinder body is still mainstream, but the alusil alloy of high temperature resistant, wear-resisting, low-expansion coefficient, low-density The research and development of cylinder cover material will can become the important directions of cylinder sleeve industry future development with application.

Research for silico-aluminum cylinder sleeve, foreign countries have had accumulated more experience, and moral, English, beauty, Deng state lead " full aluminium profiles " engine is first had developed, with silumin (17~25%Si) cylinder sleeve instead of Cast iron liner, and is applied On automobile engine, racing car and civilian engine.Daimler-Chrysler has developed " the full aluminium profiles " of 1.5L Diesel engine；Peak company had been carried out 500,000 silumin ingot blanks of monthly output, and the vapour with German part in 2006 Che company cooperates successfully to have manufactured high-silicon aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve engine；And Ford, the U.S., company, Hyunju also early in The industrialized production of silumin cylinder sleeve is just had begun within 2001, Ford is even more that will produce 30 to 400,000 per year " full aluminium profiles " automobile has put on plan.

The country is slower in the entrance of silicon-aluminium alloy cylinder sleeve field, and it is few to research and develop slow and application.It is main to wrap in preparation process Include silumin alloying, particle enhancing silumin composite material etc., it is preferred that emphasis is research primary silicon phase modifying technology； In moulding process, mainly there is centrifugal casting, semisolid to squeeze casting, injection molding etc., and equipment more complex there are some techniques at The problems such as this is high；It in addition, there will be Surface-micromachining process and the fretting wear that primary study high-silicon aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve is gone back in report Performance.Domestic some patent applications (such as: 104480357 A of CN, CN101709414 A, CN102764957 A), due to technology Silicone content in scheme is high (13~35%Si, application example in be usually above 16%Si), and primary silicon is mutually in coarse sheet, lath Shape or petal-shaped seriously isolate matrix, and therefore, major technique innovative point is all placed on the Metamorphism treatment of primary silicon phase by existing research On, or moulding process is protruded merely.In addition, some techniques the problems such as there is also backward in technique or environmentally friendly hidden danger.

104480357 A of CN discloses a kind of high-silicon aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof, using the height of 17~35%Si Silico-aluminum is emphasized to have used a variety of alterants and multipath is added as cylinder sleeve basic material, and is helped with metallographic structure photo Silicon phase modification effect is demonstrate,proved.However, the high-melting point alloy element (Ti/Ni/Mn/Fe etc.) of high level is added in alloy, But the presence of alloy phase is had no in metallograph, it is difficult to really embody alloys producing；Secondly, addition high-melting-point element Afterwards, alloy substrate fusing point increases certainly, however, for application example (17%Si and 25%Si) described in it, point The cast temperature (800 DEG C, 830 DEG C) not used is already higher than at least 30 DEG C or more of the corresponding fusing point of the composition alloy, this work Alloy under the conditions of skill is never in semi-solid state, and the so-called semisolid that is also far from being squeezes type casting moulding.Therefore, from work In skill technical principle, there are apparent errors for the invention.CN101709414 A discloses a kind of high silicon gradient composite aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve Material and preparation method thereof using the silumin of 13~27%Si as cylinder sleeve basic material, and is added to Cu/Ni/Mn/ The high-melting point alloy elements such as Fe/V and Mg element.20.5%Si has been selected in optimal enforcement technical solution, due to silicone content height, has been needed For primary silicon, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and existing other alloys should be wanted mutually to carry out compound modification treatment, technique using a variety of alterants Complexity, and using the refining agent of high-content (70%) carbon trichloride in cleaning molten treatment process, environmental pollution is big.This Outside, which uses centrifugal casting mode, is also easy to produce oxidation and volume gas phenomenon, influences the dense structure's property of Cylinder Sleeve Castings.But this It is the preferable technical solution that can be retrieved at present.CN102764957A discloses a kind of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy engine cylinder sleeve Manufacturing method, using the silumin of 13~30%Si as cylinder sleeve basic material, and it is contour to be added to Cu/Ni/Mn/Fe Melting point alloying element and Mg/Zn element.Metamorphism treatment is carried out to hypereutectic aluminum alloy materials using Cr or P and Cr, is continuously cast The mode of making produces hollow aluminium alloy ingot casting, is then produced by Semi-Solid Thixoforming moulding process, and complex process, process is longer, Cost is excessively high.Alloy structure determines alloy property, however, above-mentioned three patent applications are retouched only for silicon phase morphology is improved It states, is not directed to alloy phase, alloy phase is also provided in the metallograph of offer, it is difficult to embody the performance of alloy.

To sum up, current cylinder applies material and has the disadvantage in that (1) cylinder sleeve material based on steel, cast iron, is not having Under the premise of new material is available, although existing working condition can be substantially conformed to, it is difficult to meet the needs of automotive light weight technology. (2) material that clearly can be applied to cylinder sleeve announced in foreign study at present is largely silumin, i.e., 17~ 25%Si.Some country's patent applications are even more to expand its range, i.e. 13~35%Si being described as timesharing, and major technique is innovated Point is placed on the Metamorphism treatment of primary silicon phase, although being also added to multiple element, directly ignores its of non-aluminum silicon substrate constituent element The key effect of its alloying element, the type for also ignoring the similar alloy object phase of non-silicon and different shape are to raising material property Important function.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to for existing cylinder apply material there are the shortcomings that, a kind of cylinder is provided and applies the conjunction of aluminium silicon Gold and preparation process.On the one hand, steel is replaced with aluminium, meets that alusil alloy cylinder cover material is light, thermal expansion coefficient is small, higher Thermal conductivity, excellent casting character and wearability etc. require.On the other hand, matrix Si content is reduced, combination pressure is cast as Type technique promotes the solid solubility of element silicon in the base, directly effectively changes silicon phase morphology, and it is mutually multiple to simplify silicon in fusion process Rotten complex operations；Suitable alloying element is added, control forms the excellent alloy phase of form, improves the synthesis of alloy material Performance.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy, and each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy are as follows: Si:12~ 15%, Cu:1~5%, Ni:1~4%, Mg:0.5~2.5%, Sr:0.01~0.1%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:0.1~ 1%, impurity element: less than 1%, surplus Al, the sum of total amount of each ingredient is 100%.

Wherein, the impurity element refer to P, S, Fe etc. by not can avoid of determining of raw material grade and founding and Element harmful with performance to final alloy structure.

Cylinder of the present invention applies the preparation process of alusil alloy, comprising the following steps:

1) alusil alloy ingredient carries out quantitative ingredient: commercial-purity aluminium (purity >=99.0%), technical pure using following raw material Silicon (purity >=98.0%), Al-50Cu, Al-10Ni, pure magnesium (purity >=99.8%), Al-10Sr, Al-10RE, it is described In Al-10RE, RE is mischmetal, (La+Ce) % >=99.6% in mischmetal；To guarantee that silicon is sufficiently melted into aluminium, need Industrial pure silicon is broken into bulk, specific size synthesis need to consider molten alloy weight and be conducive to add；Ingot casting class or bulk Raw material need to fail through 150~200 DEG C of drying 1h to prevent effective component from volatilizing, and powdered flux is it is not recommended that drying, Ying Gan Dry preservation；

2) melting furnace temperature is set as 750~760 DEG C, is first preheated to 200~220 DEG C, commercial-purity aluminium total amount needed for being added 30~35% commercial-purity aluminium, and be heated to melting；

3) after commercial-purity aluminium is completely melt, intermediate alloy Al-50Cu and Al-10Ni are added into molten aluminum, is closed to centre After gold is completely melt, industrial pure silicon is added and pushes down pure silicon with remaining commercial-purity aluminium, is allowed to submerge melt completely, avoid It is floating, removal of impurities flux is uniformly sprinkled on molten aluminum surface, and furnace temperature is turned up to 780~785 DEG C；

4) after industrial pure silicon all fusing, it is crushed bath surface bulk dross with Slag Tool, is conducive to the separation of slag aluminium, After skimming completely, pure magnesium bell jar is pressed into molten aluminum, prevents scaling loss, molten aluminum stands 10~15min, guarantees alloying element Uniformly diffusion, then uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux on molten aluminum surface；

5) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 735~745 DEG C, carries out melt degasification using inert gas swiveling jetting device The rotary nozzle of no blocking is first inserted by refining from crucible melt central axes, and spray head end is placed at melt liquid level or less 2/3, The inert gas after drying is entered into melt by pipeline again, opens spray head rotary switch, make inert gas with tiny bubble more It dissipates and is distributed in aluminium alloy melt, degassing procedure continues 10~15min, stands 10~15min again later, uniform in bath surface Sprinkle removal of impurities flux；

6) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 715~725 DEG C, and Al-10Sr and Al-10RE is added and carries out Metamorphism treatment, to After being completely melt, horizontal stirring melt guarantees that alloying element is uniformly spread；

7) 780~785 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 10~15min, repetition takes off slag operation, dips quantitative aluminium alloy with liquid spoon is scooped Melt steadily pours into the barrel of compression casting equipment, forms and produces by the pressure casting process requirement of different size cylinder sleeve product Product obtain cylinder sleeve casting；

8) T6 processing is carried out to Cylinder Sleeve Castings.

Further, the quantitative ingredient is calculated according to alusil alloy target component and melting loss of elements rate, the member biscuiting Loss rate is as follows: Si:2%, Cu:0.5%, Ni:0.5%, Mg:5%.

The removal of impurities flux is NaCl, KCl, NaF, Na₃AlF₆Two or more mixtures in equal salt compounds.

The total amount of adding of the removal of impurities flux is the 0.1~0.5% of melt total amount, in step 3), step 4) and step 5), The additive amount ratio of removal of impurities solvent is 2:1:1.

The inert gas is N2 or Ar, and purity inert gas is greater than 99.9%.

T6 processing specifically comprises the processes of: 540~550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solution time is 4~4.5h, after coming out of the stove and When water quenching, 50~80 DEG C of water-quenched slag；230~240 DEG C of aging temp, 4~4.5h of aging time comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.

In preparation process of the present invention, all melting tools and mold directly contacted with molten aluminum are by following processing: 250 After~300 DEG C of 1~2h of drying, zinc oxide coating is uniformly brushed on its surface, and in 200 DEG C of dry 0.5~1h.

The invention adopts the above technical scheme, only selective using the alusil alloy close to eutectic point silicone content as matrix The elements such as Cu, Ni, Mg are added in ground, do not increase Fe the and Mn element for being also easy to produce coarse or long spicule phase, are conducive to simplify alloy The modification process of phase simultaneously weakens isolate effect of the alloy with respect to matrix.Since silicone content is low, primary silicon phase amount is few and small, separately Outside, using compression casting moulding process (squeezing casting, common die casting, low pressure casting etc.), increase solid solubility of the silicon in α-Al, because This, can be obtained the primary silicon phase that tiny, roundness is high and is evenly distributed, save the cost without adding primary silicon phase alterant； Mutually gone bad to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys with alloy using Sr/RE composite modifier, the comprehensive performance for promoting alusil alloy, in conjunction with optimization T6 treatment process makes product have the advantages that specific gravity is smaller, linear expansion coefficient is lower, wearability and volume stability are higher, from And meet the application requirement of cylinder sleeve.

The present invention has the following advantages that；

(1) alloying component is mainly characterized in that: the silicone content for reducing alusil alloy matrix, avoids the production of coarse primary silicon phase It is raw；It does not add and effectively controls the Fe and Mn that are also easy to produce long needle-shaped, thick sheet or bone shape object phase；Reduce alloying element addition kind Class, and the class eutectic cell structure at primary aluminum silicon alloy eutectic cell with Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys formation multiphase composition, the tiny rounding of form, in mistake Under the conditions of eutectic, the comprehensive performance of alloy is improved.

(2) transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy complex modification technique: avoid for high-silicon alloy need simultaneously use it is a variety of or Special alterant carries out Metamorphism treatment to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and primary silicon respectively, and avoidable alterant addition element has subject alloy Imitate the influence of alloying element additive amount.As publication for primary silicon mutually need using " modifying-refining agent Al-Ti-C-RE with The intermediate alloy of the mixture or Al-Ti-C-RE-P of copper-phosphorus alloy or sulphur-containing alloys ", to simplify modification process.

(3) compression casting molding is made full use of to the refining effect of alusil alloy silicon phase and promotes element silicon in α-Al Solid solution effect, which directly can effectively change silicon phase morphology, simplify the mutually multiple rotten complex operations of silicon in fusion process.

(4) addition manner of the order of addition of alloying element, especially element silicon is conducive to high-melting-point, low-density alloy Element is fully dissolved in aluminum melt and uniformly spreads, and miscellaneous Gas content is effectively reduced.

(5) physical refining is implemented using inert gas, is not added with the refining agent of pollution environment.

(6) using pressure forming (such as: squeezing casting, common die casting, low pressure casting), dense structure's property is improved, and can avoid The oxidation and volume gas phenomenon that centrifugal casting mode is also easy to produce.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure for the alusil alloy cylinder sleeve that state is handled through compression casting+T6 that present invention process obtains It (OM), (b) is alloy mirco structure pattern wherein (a) is alloy macrostructure pattern；

Fig. 2 is the material phase analysis (SEM+EDS) in the alusil alloy class eutectic cell structure handled through compression casting+T6.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy, and each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy are as follows: Si:12%, Cu:3%, Ni:4%, Mg:0.5%, Sr:0.05%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:1%, impurity element: less than 1%, surplus are Al, the sum of total amount of each ingredient are 100%.

Said cylinder applies the preparation process of alusil alloy:

1) alusil alloy target component carries out quantitative ingredient: commercial-purity aluminium (purity >=99.0%), work using following raw material Industry pure silicon (purity >=98.0%), Al-50Cu, Al-10Ni, pure magnesium (purity >=99.8%), Al-10Sr, Al-10RE, In the Al-10RE, RE is mischmetal, (La+Ce) % >=99.6% in mischmetal；

Quantitative ingredient is calculated according to alusil alloy target component and melting loss of elements rate, wherein melting loss of elements rate is as follows: Si:2%, Cu:0.5%, Ni:0.5%, Mg:5%；

Prepare removal of impurities flux (by NaCl, KCl, NaF, Na₃AlF₆Composition), total addition level is the 0.1% of melt total amount；

2) raw material and tool preheat: to guarantee that silicon is sufficiently melted into aluminium, industrial pure silicon need to be broken into bulk, specific ruler Very little synthesis need to consider molten alloy weight and be conducive to add；Ingot casting class or blocky raw material need to be through 150 DEG C of drying 1h, to prevent Effective component volatilizees and fails, and powdered flux answers kept dry it is not recommended that drying；In preparation process, directly contacted with molten aluminum All melting tools and mold uniformly brush zinc oxide coating on its surface after 250 DEG C of drying 2h, and in 200 DEG C of dryings 0.5h；

3) melting furnace temperature is set as 750 DEG C, is first preheated to 200 DEG C, the industry of commercial-purity aluminium total amount 30% needed for being added Fine aluminium, and be heated to melting；

4) after commercial-purity aluminium is completely melt, intermediate alloy Al-50Cu and Al-10Ni are added into molten aluminum, is closed to centre After gold is completely melt, industrial pure silicon is added and pushes down pure silicon with remaining commercial-purity aluminium, is allowed to submerge melt completely, avoid It is floating, removal of impurities flux is uniformly sprinkled on molten aluminum surface, additive amount is the 50% of removal of impurities flux total amount, and furnace temperature is turned up to 780 DEG C；

5) after industrial pure silicon all fusing, it is crushed bath surface bulk dross with Slag Tool, is conducive to the separation of slag aluminium, After skimming completely, pure magnesium bell jar is pressed into molten aluminum, prevents scaling loss, molten aluminum stands 10min, guarantees that alloying element is uniform Then diffusion uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux on molten aluminum surface, additive amount is the 25% of removal of impurities flux total amount；

6) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 735 DEG C, uses inert gas (N₂, purity is greater than 99.9%) rotary blowing dress It sets and carries out melt refinery by de-gassing, be first inserted into the rotary nozzle of no blocking from crucible melt central axes, spray head end is placed in melt At 2/3 below liquid level, then the inert gas after drying entered into melt by pipeline, opens spray head rotary switch, make indifferent gas For body with tiny bubble Dispersed precipitate in aluminium alloy melt, degassing procedure continues 10min, 10min is stood again later, in melt table Face uniformly sprinkles remaining removal of impurities flux；

7) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 715 DEG C, and Al-10Sr and Al-10RE is added and carries out Metamorphism treatment, to completely molten After change, horizontal stirring melt guarantees that alloying element is uniformly spread；

8) 780 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 15min, slag operation is taken off in repetition, and to dip quantitative aluminium alloy melt steady with liquid spoon is scooped The barrel for pouring into compression casting equipment obtains vapour by the pressure casting process requirement shaped article of different size cylinder sleeve product Cylinder Sleeve Castings；

9) to Cylinder Sleeve Castings progress T6 processing: 540 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solution time 4.5h, timely water quenching, water after coming out of the stove It quenches temperature 50 C；230 DEG C of aging temp, aging time 4.5h comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.

Embodiment 2

A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy, and each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy are as follows: Si: 13.5%, Cu:5%, Ni:1%, Mg:1.5%, Sr:0.1%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:0.1%, impurity element: less than 1%, Surplus is Al, and the sum of total amount of each ingredient is 100%.

Said cylinder applies the preparation process of alusil alloy:

Flux clean (by NaCl, KCl, NaF, Na₃AlF₆Composition), total addition level is the 0.25% of melt total amount；

2) raw material and tool preheat: to guarantee that silicon is sufficiently melted into aluminium, industrial pure silicon need to be broken into bulk, specific ruler Very little synthesis need to consider molten alloy weight and be conducive to add；Ingot casting class or blocky raw material need to be through 200 DEG C of drying 1h, to prevent Effective component volatilizees and fails, and powdered flux answers kept dry it is not recommended that drying；In preparation process, directly contacted with molten aluminum All melting tools and mold uniformly brush zinc oxide coating on its surface after 300 DEG C of drying 1h, and in 200 DEG C of dryings 1h；

3) melting furnace temperature is set as 760 DEG C, is first preheated to 220 DEG C, the industry of commercial-purity aluminium total amount 35% needed for being added Fine aluminium, and be heated to melting；

4) after commercial-purity aluminium is completely melt, intermediate alloy Al-50Cu and Al-10Ni are added into molten aluminum, is closed to centre After gold is completely melt, industrial pure silicon is added and pushes down pure silicon with remaining commercial-purity aluminium, is allowed to submerge melt completely, avoid It is floating, removal of impurities flux is uniformly sprinkled on molten aluminum surface, additive amount is the 50% of removal of impurities flux total amount, and furnace temperature is turned up to 785 DEG C；

5) after industrial pure silicon all fusing, it is crushed bath surface bulk dross with Slag Tool, is conducive to the separation of slag aluminium, After skimming completely, pure magnesium bell jar is pressed into molten aluminum, prevents scaling loss, molten aluminum stands 5min, guarantees that alloying element is uniform Then diffusion uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux on molten aluminum surface, additive amount is the 25% of removal of impurities flux total amount；

6) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 745 DEG C, and using inert gas, (Ar, purity are filled greater than 99.9%) rotary blowing It sets and carries out melt refinery by de-gassing, be first inserted into the rotary nozzle of no blocking from crucible melt central axes, spray head end is placed in melt At 2/3 below liquid level, then the inert gas after drying entered into melt by pipeline, opens spray head rotary switch, make indifferent gas For body with tiny bubble Dispersed precipitate in aluminium alloy melt, degassing procedure continues 15min, 15min is stood again later, in melt table Face uniformly sprinkles remaining removal of impurities flux；

7) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 725 DEG C, and Al-10Sr and Al-10RE is added and carries out Metamorphism treatment, to completely molten After change, horizontal stirring melt guarantees that alloying element is uniformly spread；

8) 785 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 10min, slag operation is taken off in repetition, and to dip quantitative aluminium alloy melt steady with liquid spoon is scooped The barrel for pouring into compression casting equipment obtains vapour by the pressure casting process requirement shaped article of different size cylinder sleeve product Cylinder Sleeve Castings；

9) to Cylinder Sleeve Castings progress T6 processing: 550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solution time 4h, timely water quenching, water quenching after coming out of the stove 80 DEG C of temperature；240 DEG C of aging temp, aging time 4h comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.

Embodiment 3

A kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy, and each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy are as follows: Si:15%, Cu:1%, Ni:2.5%, Mg:2.5%, Sr:0.01%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:0.5%, impurity element: less than 1%, surplus For Al, the sum of the total amount of each ingredient is 100%.

Said cylinder applies the preparation process of alusil alloy:

Flux clean (by NaCl, KCl, NaF, Na₃AlF₆Composition), total addition level is the 0.5% of melt total amount；

2) raw material and tool preheat: to guarantee that silicon is sufficiently melted into aluminium, industrial pure silicon need to be broken into bulk, specific ruler Very little synthesis need to consider molten alloy weight and be conducive to add；Ingot casting class or blocky raw material need to be through 180 DEG C of drying 1h, to prevent Effective component volatilizees and fails, and powdered flux answers kept dry it is not recommended that drying；In preparation process, directly contacted with molten aluminum All melting tools and mold uniformly brush zinc oxide coating on its surface after 280 DEG C of drying 1.5h, and it is dry in 200 DEG C Dry 0.5h；

3) melting furnace temperature is set as 760 DEG C, is first preheated to 200 DEG C, the industry of commercial-purity aluminium total amount 30% needed for being added Fine aluminium, and be heated to melting；

4) after commercial-purity aluminium is completely melt, intermediate alloy Al-50Cu and Al-10Ni are added into molten aluminum, is closed to centre After gold is completely melt, industrial pure silicon is added and pushes down pure silicon with remaining commercial-purity aluminium, is allowed to submerge melt completely, avoid It is floating, removal of impurities flux is uniformly sprinkled on molten aluminum surface, additive amount be the 50% of removal of impurities flux total amount, and furnace temperature is turned up to 780~ 785℃；

5) after industrial pure silicon all fusing, it is crushed bath surface bulk dross with Slag Tool, is conducive to the separation of slag aluminium, After skimming completely, pure magnesium bell jar is pressed into molten aluminum, prevents scaling loss, molten aluminum stands 10min, guarantees that alloying element is uniform Then diffusion uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux on molten aluminum surface, additive amount is the 20% of removal of impurities flux total amount；

6) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 740 DEG C, uses inert gas (N₂, purity is greater than 99.9%) rotary blowing dress It sets and carries out melt refinery by de-gassing, be first inserted into the rotary nozzle of no blocking from crucible melt central axes, spray head end is placed in melt At 2/3 below liquid level, then the inert gas after drying entered into melt by pipeline, opens spray head rotary switch, make indifferent gas For body with tiny bubble Dispersed precipitate in aluminium alloy melt, degassing procedure continues 10min, 10min is stood again later, in melt table Face uniformly sprinkles remaining removal of impurities flux；

7) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 720 DEG C, and Al-10Sr and Al-10RE is added and carries out Metamorphism treatment, to completely molten After change, horizontal stirring melt guarantees that alloying element is uniformly spread；

8) 780 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 10min, slag operation is taken off in repetition, and to dip quantitative aluminium alloy melt steady with liquid spoon is scooped The barrel for pouring into compression casting equipment obtains vapour by the pressure casting process requirement shaped article of different size cylinder sleeve product Cylinder Sleeve Castings；

9) to Cylinder Sleeve Castings progress T6 processing: 540 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solution time 4h, timely water quenching, water quenching after coming out of the stove 65 DEG C of temperature；230 DEG C of aging temp, aging time 4h comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.

Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure that the alusil alloy cylinder sleeve of state is handled according to the compression casting+T6 obtained of embodiment 3. Visible at metallographic microscope (OM): tiny granular silicon phase (predominantly Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys) and numerous alloy phase Dispersed precipitates are in Al base On body, sufficient dispersion-strengtherning effect is played；Have no primary silicon coarse under the conditions of identical silicone content (with Al-Si bis- in tissue The statenchyma that silicone content is corresponded in first alloy equilbrium phase diagram is compared), illustrate under the conditions of technical solution of the present invention, due at The double action of type pressure and heat treatment has more element silicon to be solid-solution in matrix, so as to play preferable solid solution strengthening effect. It is dissolved state α-Al and is 1.27~1.41 by each class eutectic cell area ratio that phase constitution is precipitated, further embody dual reinforcing effect Fruit.

It is scanned Electronic Speculum (SEM) observation and energy spectrum analysis (EDS) for contrast precipitated phases different in tissue, sees Fig. 2.Knot Close the element tissue in this alloy and object phase that may be present, it can be determined that: grey spherical particle object is mutually silicon phase, in processing work Under the conditions of skill, fusing separation and nodularization, in pelletiod Dispersed precipitate on matrix, the disperse in deformation process occur for Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys Silicon can mutually play the role of pinning to dislocation, improve alloy mechanical property；Biggish white plates are mutually Al₃Ni, and it is white The spherolitic object of color is mutually Al₃CuNi, the presence of these nickel-rich phases can improve the volume and dimensional stability of alloy, promote high temperature Intensity and heat resistance；The spicule of individual white is mutually made of nickel-rich phase and Fe-riched phase AlSiFe, due to being in short fine acicular, no The effect of isolating can be generated to matrix；Light grey block is mutually AlSiMgCu multiple elements design phase.

The same condition test results of property of certain brand cylinder sleeve of the alloy (T6 state) and foreign countries and public patent application In the performance comparison of cylinder sleeve product material of more excellent technical solution (CN101709414A) be shown in Table 1.

1 alusil alloy cylinder sleeve product material performance comparison of table

* experiment condition is inconsistent, can not directly compare.

Data in contrast table 1, it is seen that: present invention cylinder sleeve product material comprehensive performance produced is better than external similar production Product；Due to alloying component difference (especially alusil alloy matrix), cause the hardness water of present invention cylinder sleeve product produced Index disclosed in flat slightly below patent CN101709414A, but strength level is suitable, and thermal linear expansion coefficient is obviously more excellent, it can Meet application demand.

Claims

1. a kind of cylinder applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: each ingredient and mass percent in the alusil alloy are as follows: Si:12 ~ 15%, Cu:1 ~ 5%, Ni:1 ~ 4%, Mg:0.5 ~ 2.5%, Sr:0.01 ~ 0.1%, mixed rare-earth elements RE:0.1 ~ 1%, impurity Element: less than 1%, surplus Al, the sum of total amount of each ingredient are 100%.

2. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder as described in claim 1 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: it includes following step It is rapid:

1) alusil alloy ingredient carries out quantitative ingredient: commercial-purity aluminium, industrial pure silicon, pure magnesium, Al- using following raw material 50Cu, Al-10Ni, Al-10Sr, Al-10RE, in the Al-10RE, RE is mischmetal, (La+Ce) % in mischmetal >= 99.6%；

2) melting furnace temperature is set as 750 ~ 760 DEG C, is first preheated to 200 ~ 220 DEG C, commercial-purity aluminium total amount 30 ~ 35% needed for being added Commercial-purity aluminium, and be heated to melting；

3) after commercial-purity aluminium is completely melt, intermediate alloy Al-50Cu and Al-10Ni are added into molten aluminum, it is complete to intermediate alloy After running down, industrial pure silicon is added and pushes down pure silicon with remaining commercial-purity aluminium, is allowed to submerge melt completely, it is equal on molten aluminum surface It is even to sprinkle removal of impurities flux, and furnace temperature is turned up to 780 ~ 785 DEG C；

4) after industrial pure silicon all fusing, it is crushed bath surface bulk dross with Slag Tool, by pure magnesium bell jar pressure Enter in molten aluminum, molten aluminum stands 10 ~ 15min, then uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux on molten aluminum surface；

5) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 735 ~ 745 DEG C, carries out melt refinery by de-gassing using inert gas swiveling jetting device, Rotary nozzle is inserted into from crucible melt central axes first, then the inert gas after drying is entered into melt by pipeline, opens spray Head rotary switch, makes inert gas with bubble Dispersed precipitate in aluminium alloy melt, degassing procedure continues 10 ~ 15 min, later 10 ~ 15min is stood again, uniformly sprinkles removal of impurities flux in bath surface；

6) control aluminium alloy melt temperature is 715 ~ 725 DEG C, and Al-10Sr and Al-10RE is added and carries out Metamorphism treatment, to completely molten After change, horizontal stirring melt；

7) 780 ~ 785 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 10 ~ 15min, repetition takes off slag operation, quantitative aluminium alloy melt is taken to pour into compression casting The barrel of equipment obtains cylinder sleeve casting by the pressure casting process requirement shaped article of different size cylinder sleeve product；

8) T6 processing is carried out to Cylinder Sleeve Castings.

3. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: described quantitatively to match Material is calculated according to alusil alloy target component and melting loss of elements rate, and the melting loss of elements rate is as follows: Si:2%, Cu:0.5%, Ni: 0.5%, Mg:5%.

4. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the removal of impurities is molten Agent is made of salt compounds, and the salt compounds are NaCl, KCl, NaF, Na₃AlF₆In two or more mixtures.

5. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the removal of impurities is molten The total amount of adding of agent is the 0.1 ~ 0.5% of melt total amount.

6. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 5 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: step 3), step Rapid 4) and in step 5), the additive amount ratio of the solvent that cleans is 2:1:1.

7. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the indifferent gas Body is N₂Or Ar, purity inert gas are greater than 99.9%.

8. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the T6 processing Specifically comprises the processes of: 540 ~ 550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solution time is 4 ~ 4.5h, timely water quenching after coming out of the stove, water-quenched slag 50 ~ 80 ℃；230 ~ 240 DEG C of aging temp, 4 ~ 4.5h of aging time comes out of the stove and is air-cooled to room temperature.

9. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: direct with molten aluminum All melting tools and mold of contact are by following processing: after 250 ~ 300 DEG C of 1 ~ 2h of drying, uniformly brushing oxygen on its surface Change spelter coating, and in 180 ~ 200 DEG C of dry 0.5 ~ 1h.

10. the preparation process that a kind of cylinder according to claim 2 applies alusil alloy, it is characterised in that: the industry Purity >=99.0% of fine aluminium, purity >=98.0% of industrial pure silicon, purity >=99.8% of pure magnesium.