CN109956964B - 双极性有机电致发光化合物及其应用和有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
双极性有机电致发光化合物及其应用和有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
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- WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indeno[2,1-a]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C4=CC=C3C2=C1 WUNJCKOTXFSWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JZRYQZJSTWVBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaporphyrin i Chemical class N1C(C=C2NC(=CC3=NC(=C4)C=C3)C=C2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 JZRYQZJSTWVBBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机电致发光器件领域,公开了双极性有机电致发光化合物及其应用和有机电致发光器件,该化合物具有式(I)所示的结构,其中,在式(I)中,X1为Si或C;X2为S或O。本发明提供的前述双极性有机电致发光化合物在用作有机电致发光器件中时能够显著提高发光效率以及延长器件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光器件领域,具体涉及一种双极性有机电致发光 化合物、该双极性有机电致发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用、一种 含有该双极性有机电致发光化合物中的一种或两种以上的化合物的有机电 致发光器件。
背景技术
有机电致发光(OLED)技术相比于传统的液晶技术来说,其无需背光 源照射和滤色器,像素可自身发光呈现在彩色显示板上,并且,拥有超高对 比度、超广可视角度、曲面、薄型等特点。
OLED的性能不仅受到发光体的影响,特别是,形成OLED的各个层的 材料都对OLED的性能具有非常重要的影响,例如基底材料、空穴阻挡材料、 电子传输材料、空穴传输材料和电子或激子阻挡材料、发光材料等。
目前OLED器件仍然存在驱动电压高、使用寿命短、电流效率和亮度均 低的缺陷,为了进一步提升OLED技术的竞争力和应用领域,需要OLED 器件的光电性能和工作寿命大幅度的提升,作为对器件性能具有决定性作用 的OLED材料的改进势在必行,因此,需要开发高性能的有机电致发光材料 具有十分重大的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的有机电致发光器件的发光效 率不高以及使用寿命不长的缺陷,提供一种新的双极性有机电致发光化合 物,该双极性有机电致发光化合物在用作有机电致发光器件中时,能够显著
为了实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供一种双极性有机电致发光化 合物,该化合物具有式(I)所示的结构,
其中,在式(I)中,
X1为Si或C;
X2为S或O;
R1和R2各自独立地选自H、取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环、取代或未 取代的含氮芳杂五环,且R1和R2不同时为H;
R1和R2上的取代基各自独立地选自苯基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二 苯并噻吩基、芴基、吡啶基、咔唑基和苯基取代的咔唑基中的至少一种。
本发明的第二方面提供第一方面所述的双极性有机电致发光化合物在 有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明的第三方面提供一种含有第一方面所述的双极性有机电致发光 化合物中的一种或两种以上的化合物的有机电致发光器件。
本发明提供的前述双极性有机电致发光化合物能够调控有机电致发光 材料的HOMO能级和LUMO能级,能够提高有机电致发光器件发光层的激 子的利用率,从而提高发光效率。
本发明的发明人在研究中发现,本发明提供的前述双极性有机化合物具 有较好的热力学稳定性、良好的成膜性,用作有机电致发光器件中时能够显 著降低驱动电压以及延长器件的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这 些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各 个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点 值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视 为在本文中具体公开。
如前所述,本发明的第一方面提供了一种双极性有机电致发光化合物, 该化合物具有式(I)所示的结构,
其中,在式(I)中,
X1为Si或C;
X2为S或O;
R1和R2各自独立地选自H、取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环、取代或未 取代的含氮芳杂五环,且R1和R2不同时为H;
R1和R2上的取代基各自独立地选自苯基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二 苯并噻吩基、芴基、吡啶基、咔唑基和苯基取代的咔唑基中的至少一种。
根据一种优选的具体实施方式,在式(I)中,
所述取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环中的含氮芳杂三环为式1所示的咔唑 基,且式1所示的咔唑基任选由选自苯基、联苯基、吡啶基、咔唑基和苯基 取代的咔唑基中的至少一种基团取代;
在前述优选的具体实施方式中,含氮芳杂三环可能含有的取代基的个数 并没有特别的限定,例如可以为1-3个;以及对含氮芳杂三环中可能含有的 取代基的取代位置也没有特别的限定,可以是任意的能够被取代的位置。
根据另一种优选的具体实施方式,在本发明中,在式(I)中,
所述取代或未取代的含氮芳杂五环中的含氮芳杂五环选自式2-式7所示 的基团,且式2-式7所示的基团任选由选自苯基、联苯基、吡啶基、咔唑基 和苯基取代的咔唑基中的至少一种基团取代,
优选地,式(I)所示结构的化合物选自以下结构式中的任意一种:
其中,在式1-1、式1-2、式1-3和式1-4中,
R1和R2各自独立地选自H、取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环、取代或未 取代的含氮芳杂五环,且R1和R2不同时为H;
R1和R2上的取代基各自独立地选自苯基、联苯基、二苯并呋喃基、二 苯并噻吩基、芴基、吡啶基、咔唑基和苯基取代的咔唑基中的至少一种。
根据一种特别优选的具体实施方式,在本发明中,式(I)所示的结构 的化合物选自以下化合物中的任意一种:
根据另一种更优选的具体实施方式,为了进一步提高有机发光器件的发 光效率,在本发明中,式(I)所示的结构的化合物选自选自以下化合物中 的任意一种:
本发明对制备前述双极性有机电致发光化合物的具体方法没有特别的 限定,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明提供的具体结构式以及本发明的具体 实例部分列举的几个具体化合物的制备方法而获得本发明的全部双极性有 机电致发光化合物的制备方法。本发明在本文中没有具体列举全部双极性有 机电致发光化合物的制备方法,本领域技术人员不能理解为对本发明的限 制。
如前所述,本发明的第二方面提供了前述第一方面所述的双极性有机电 致发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
如前所述,本发明的第三方面提供了一种含有前述第一方面所述的双极 性有机电致发光化合物中的一种或两种以上的化合物的有机电致发光器件。
优选情况下,所述双极性有机电致发光化合物存在于该有机电致发光器 件的电子传输层、发光层和空穴阻挡层中的至少一层中。
根据一种优选的具体实施方式,所述双极性有机电致发光化合物存在于 该有机电致发光器件的空穴阻挡层中,且作为空穴阻挡材料。
根据一种优选的具体实施方式,所述有机电致发光器件包括依次层叠设 置的基板、阳极、空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、任选的电子阻 挡层、发光层(EML)、任选的空穴阻挡层、电子传输层(ETL)、电子注入 层(EIL)和阴极。
本发明的所述基板可以使用玻璃基板、塑料基板或金属基板。
优选地,形成所述阳极的阳极材料选自氧化铟锡、氧化铟锌和二氧化锡 中的一种或多种。其中,该阳极材料形成的阳极活性层的厚度例如可以为 100-1700埃。
优选地,形成所述空穴注入层的材料为空穴注入材料,以及形成所述空 穴传输层的材料为空穴传输材料,以及所述空穴注入材料和空穴传输材料选 自芳香族胺衍生物(例如NPB、SqMA1)、六氮杂苯并菲衍生物(例如 HACTN)、吲哚并咔唑衍生物、导电聚合物(例如PEDOT/PSS),酞菁或卟 啉衍生物、二苯并茚并芴胺、螺二芴胺。
所述空穴注入层(HIL)和空穴传输层(HTL)例如可采用如下通式的 芳香族胺衍生物形成:
上述通式中的R1至R9的基团各自独立地选自单键、氢、氘、烷基、 苯、二联苯、三联苯、萘、蒽、菲、苯并菲、芘、芴、二甲基芴、螺二芴、 咔唑、噻吩、苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、呋喃、苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、吲哚、 吲哚咔唑、茚并咔唑、吡啶、嘧啶、咪唑、噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、喹喔啉、 喹唑啉、卟啉、咔啉、吡嗪、哒嗪或三嗪。
优选地,空穴注入层厚度为100-2000埃,更优选为200-600埃。
优选地,空穴传输层厚度为100-1000埃,更优选为200-400埃。
优选地,形成所述电子传输层的材料还能够选自金属络合物、苯并咪唑 衍生物、嘧啶衍生物、吡啶衍生物、喹啉衍生物和喹喔啉衍生物中的至少一 种物质。优选地,所述电子传输层的厚度为100-600埃。
所述电子阻挡层的形成材料不受特别限制,一般情况下,能够具备如下 第1或/和第2个条件的化合物均可考虑采用:
第1:具备较高的LUMO能级,其目的就是减少离开发光层的电子数 目,从而提高电子和空穴在发光层的复合几率。
第2:具备较大的三线态能量,其目的就是减少离开发光层的激子数量, 从而提高激子转换发光的效率。
形成所述电子阻挡层的材料包括但不限于芳香族胺衍生物(例如 NPB)、螺二芴胺(例如SpMA2),其中部分电子阻挡材料和空穴注入材料 和空穴传输材料的结构类似。优选电子阻挡层的厚度为50-600埃。
形成所述空穴阻挡层的材料优选为具备如下第1和/或第2个条件的化 合物:
第1:具备较高的HOMO能级,其目的就是减少离开发光层的空穴数 目,从而提高电子和空穴在发光层的复合几率。
第2:具备较大的三线态能量,其目的就是减少离开发光层的激子数量, 从而提高激子转换发光的效率。
形成所述空穴阻挡层的材料例如还可以含有菲啰啉衍生物(例如 Bphen,BCP),苯并菲衍生物,苯并咪唑衍生物。优选地,所述空穴阻挡层的 厚度为50-600埃。
优选地,所述电子注入层材料为LiF、Al2O3、MnO等中的一种或多种。 优选地,电子注入层的厚度为1-50埃。
优选地,所述阴极材料为Al、Mg和Ag中的一种或多种。优选地,阴 极层的厚度为800-1500埃。
本发明的有机电致发光器件优选借助于升华方法涂布一个层或者多个 层。在这种情况下,在真空升华系统中,在小于10-3Pa、优选小于10-6Pa的 初始压力下通过气相沉积施加本发明提供的化合物。
本发明的有机电致发光器件优选通过有机气相沉积方法或者借助于载 气升华来涂布一个层或者多个层。在这种情况下,在10-6Pa至100Pa的压力 下施加所述材料。这种方法特别的例子是有机蒸镀喷印方法,其中本发明提 供的化合物通过喷嘴直接施加并形成器件结构。
本发明的有机电致发光器件优选通过光引发热成像或热转印,来形成一 层或者多层结构。
本发明的有机电致发光器件优选将本发明的化合物配制成溶液,通过旋 涂或借助于任何印刷方式,例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、喷墨印刷、平版印 刷,更优选的是喷墨印刷,来形成一个层或者多个层结构。但是,用这种方 法来制作多个层时,容易出现层与层之间的破坏,即当制作完成一个层时, 再用溶液制作另外一个层时,溶液中的溶剂会破坏掉已经形成的层,这不利 于器件制作。本发明提供的化合物能够通过结构修饰取代,让本发明的化合 物在加热或者紫外曝光的情况下发生交联作用,从而保持完整的层而不会被 破坏。本发明的化合物另外可从溶液中施加,并且通过后续的在聚合物网络 中的交联或者固定在相应的层中。
优选地,通过从溶液中施加一个或者多个层和通过升华方法施加一个或 者多个层来制造本发明的有机电致发光器件。
本发明的制备有机电致发光器件的优选的溶剂选自甲苯、苯甲醚、邻二 甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、均三甲苯、萘满、邻二甲氧基苯、 THF、甲基-THF、THP、氯苯、苯氧基甲苯,特别是3-苯氧基甲苯、1,2,3,5- 四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、 2-吡咯烷酮、3-甲基苯甲醚、4-甲基苯甲醚、3,4-二甲基苯甲醚、3,5-二甲基 苯甲醚、苯乙酮、苯并噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、异丙醇、异丙苯、环己醇、环己酮、环己基苯、十氢萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸甲酯、NMP、对甲基异并基苯、 苯乙醚、1,4-二异丙基苯、二苄醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲 基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二丁基醚、二乙二醇单丁基醚、三丙二 醇二甲基醚、四乙二醇二甲基醚、2-异丙基萘、戊苯、己苯、庚苯、辛苯、 1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-庚醇、3-庚醇,或这些溶剂的混合物。
优选地,在制备本发明的有机电致发光器件时,将本发明的化合物和其 它化合物先充分混合,然后再通过上述施加方式,来形成一个层或者多个 层。更加优选的是,在真空升华系统中,在小于10-3Pa、优选小于10-6Pa的 初始压力下,通过气相沉积施加各化合物,来形成一个层或者多个层。
以下通过具体实例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。
在没有特别说明的情况下,使用的各种原料均来自商购。
制备例1:化合物1-1-7
中间体1-1-7-1的合成:将0.059mol双(2-溴苯基)硫烷加入200ml无 水THF中搅拌、N2保护下降温至-78℃,滴加2.5mol/L的正丁基锂0.118mol, 保温-78℃共1小时后加入0.059mol的四氯化硅。升温至25℃保持5h后检 测原料反应完毕,向反应液中滴加饱和氯化铵水溶液,搅拌5min加二氯甲 烷萃取,取有机相减压旋干,将残余物通过柱层析得到中间体1-1-7-1(收率 46%)。
计算值C12H8Cl2SSi:283.25±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.11~7.11(2H,m),7.26~7.35(4H,m),7.51~7.52(2H,m)。
中间体1-1-7-2的合成:合成方法同中间体1-1-7-1的合成,得到中间体 1-1-7-2(收率53%)。
计算值C22H14N2SSi:366.51±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.11~7.11(2H,m),7.24~7.35(6H,m),7.51~7.52(2H,m),7.93~7.94 (2H,m),8.63~8.64(2H,m)。
中间体1-1-7-3的合成:将0.0143mol中间体1-1-7-2加入53ml的DMF 中搅拌,控温0℃,加入NBS的0.0286mol,升温至50℃,反应4小时后检 测原料反应完毕,反应液加水100ml析出固体过滤得到产品,将残余物通过 柱层析得到中间体1-1-7-3(收率45%)。
计算值C22H12Br2N2SSi:524.30±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.24~7.26(2H,m),7.40~7.41(2H,m),7.51~7.52(2H,m),7.81~7.82 (2H,m),7.94~7.95(2H,m),8.63~8.64(2H,m)。
化合物1-1-7的合成:6.4mmol中间体1-1-7-3溶于20ml甲苯溶剂中, 通氮气下搅拌,依次加入0.0128mol的7,7-二甲基-5,7-二氢茚并[2,1-b]咔唑、 0.03mol叔丁醇钠、0.06mmol三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、0.06mmol)三叔丁 基膦,升温至回流,反应8h后检测,反应完毕,停止反应,反应液减压旋 干,得到的残留物用二甲苯重结晶得到化合物1-1-7(收率61%)。
计算值C64H44N4SSi:929.21±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=1.72~1.72(12H,s),7.24~7.29(6H,m),7.44~7.52(10H,m),7.61~7.69 (6H,m),7.93~7.94(2H,m),8.09~8.12(4H,m),8.39~8.39(2H,s), 8.62~8.63(2H,m)。
制备例2:化合物1-1-12
中间体1-1-12-1的合成:将0.0076mol中间体1-1-7-2加入30ml的DMF 中搅拌,控温0℃,加入NBS的0.0076mol,升温至50℃,反应4小时后检 测原料反应完毕,反应液加水150ml析出固体过滤得到产品,将残余物通过 柱层析得到中间体1-1-12-1(收率48%)。
计算值C22H13Br2N2Ssi:445.41±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.11~7.13(1H,m),7.24~7.51(5H,m),7.51~7.52(2H,m),7.81~7.82 (1H,m),7.94~7.95(2H,m),8.63~8.64(2H,m)。
化合物1-1-12的合成:合成方法同化合物1-1-7的合成,得到化合物 1-1-12(收率63%)。
计算值C46H28N4Ssi:696.18±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.07~7.22(9H,m),7.31~7.35(1H,m),7.44~7.53(6H,m),7.57~7.64 (6H,m),7.93~7.95(2H,m),8.48~8.51(2H,m),8.53~8.56(2H,m)。
制备例3:化合物1-2-7
中间体1-2-7-1的合成:合成方法同中间体1-1-7-1的合成,得到中间体 1-2-7-1(收率53%)。
计算值C12H8Cl2Osi:267.18±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.09~7.10(2H,m),7.24~7.25(2H,m),7.42~7.51(4H,m)。
中间体1-2-7-2的合成:合成方法同中间体1-1-7-1的合成,得到中间体 1-2-7-2(收率49%)。
计算值C22H14N2OSi:350.44±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.09~7.09(2H,m),7.24~7.26(4H,m),7.42~7.51(4H,m),7.93~7.94 (2H,m),8.63~8.64(2H,m)。
中间体1-2-7-3的合成:合成方法同中间体1-1-7-3的合成,得到中间体 1-2-7-3(收率52%)。
计算值C22H12Br2N2OSi:508.24±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.13~7.14(2H,m),7.24~7.26(2H,m),7.66~7.67(4H,m),7.93~7.94 (2H,m),8.63~8.64(2H,m)。
化合物1-2-7的合成:合成方法同中间体1-1-7的合成,得到化合物1-2-7 (收率55%)。
制备例4:化合物1-2-16
中间体1-2-16-1的合成:将0.0096mol中间体1-2-7-2加入30ml的DMF 中搅拌,控温0℃,加入NBS的0.0091mol,升温至50℃,反应4小时后检 测原料反应完毕,反应液加水150ml析出固体过滤得到产品,将残余物通过 柱层析得到中间体1-2-16-1(收率48%)。
计算值C22H13BrN2OSi:429.34±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=7.09~7.13(2H,m),7.,24~7.26(3H,m),7.42~7.51(2H,m),7.66~7.67 (2H,m),7.94~7.96(2H,m),8.63~8.65(2H,m)。
化合物1-2-16的合成:合成方法同化合物1-1-7的合成,得到化合物 1-2-16(收率58%)。
计算值C43H29N3OSi:631.80±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=1.72~1.72(6H,s),7.09~7.11(1H,m),7.,24~7.33(8H,m),7.42~7.51 (3H,m),7.61~7.69(4H,m),7.94~7.96(3H,m),8.09~8.11(1H,m), 8.55~8.57(1H,m),8.63~8.65(2H,m)。
制备例5:化合物1-3-1
中间体1-3-1-1的合成:在氮气氛围下加入1-氯-2-苯基硫酰基苯(0.05 mol)于三口烧瓶中,加入110ml无水四氢呋喃。-78℃下搅拌10min后恒压 滴液漏斗逐滴加入2.4M正丁基锂(0.055mol)。反应1h,缓慢滴加溶有4,5- 二氮杂芴-9-酮(0.05mol)的无水四氢呋喃溶液(200mL),反应1h后,自 然升温至25℃过夜,反应完毕后滴加25mL水淬灭反应。除去溶剂,二氯甲 烷与水萃取,取有机相,蒸干二氯甲烷得到黄色固体17.52g,不做任何处理 直接进入下一步反应。
计算值C23H14N2S:350.44±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.81(2H,m),7.03~7.07(4H,m),7.33~7.33(2H,m),7.48~7.48 (2H,m),7.65~7.65(2H,m),8.51~8.51(2H,m)。
中间体1-3-1-2的合成:将0.05mol中间体1-3-1-1溶于180ml的N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,升温至50℃,滴加用150ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解的 0.1mol的NBS,滴加完毕升温至100℃搅拌2h,检测原料反应完毕,将反应 液降至室温后滴加水300ml,搅拌20min过滤,烘干得到中间体1-3-1-2(收 率50%)。
计算值C23H12Br2N2S:508.23±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.81(2H,m),7.18~7.18(4H,m),7.48~7.52(4H,s),8.51~8.51 (2H,m)。
化合物1-3-1的合成:将0.025mol中间体1-3-1-2溶于130ml甲苯溶剂中, 通氮气下搅拌,然后依次加入0.05mol咔唑、0.075mol叔丁醇钠、0.0025mol 的三二亚苄基丙酮二钯、0.0025mol三叔丁基膦,升温至回流反应,6h后检 测原料反应完毕,将反应液减压旋干,通过柱层析得到化合物1-3-1(收率 55%)。
计算值C47H28N4S:680.82±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.81(2H,m),7.23~7.36(12H,m),7.48~7.50(4H,m),7.63~7.63 (2H,m),7.94~7.94(2H,m),8.12~8.12(2H,m),8.51~8.55(4H,m)。
制备例6:化合物1-3-2
化合物1-3-2的合成:合成方法同化合物1-3-1,得到化合物1-3-2(收率 58%)。
计算值C59H36N4S:833.01±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.82(2H,m),7.23~7.52(22H,m)7.62~7.64(2H,d),7.79~7.81 (2H,m),7.94~7.96(2H,m),8.18~8.20(2H,d),8.51~8.55(4H,m)。
制备例7:化合物1-3-12
中间体1-3-12-1的合成:合成方法同中间体1-3-1-2,得到中间体1-3-12-1 (收率59%)。
计算值C23H13BrN2S:429.33±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.83(2H,m),7.03~7.07(2H,m),7.18~7.20(2H,m),7.33~7.33 (1H,m),7.48~7.52(3H,m),7.65~7.65(1H,m),8.51~8.53(2H,m)。
化合物1-3-12的合成:合成方法同化合物1-3-1,得到化合物1-3-12(收 率58%)。
计算值C47H28N4S:680.82±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81~6.81(2H,m),7.03~7.07(2H,m),7.25~7.65(19H,m),7.94(1H, m),8.12(1H,m),8.51~8.55(3H,m)
制备例8:化合物1-4-1
中间体1-4-1-1的合成:在氮气氛围下,将0.0977mol的2-氯二苯醚加 入三口烧瓶中,加入200ml无水四氢呋喃。-78℃下搅拌10min后恒压滴液 漏斗逐滴加入2.4M正丁基锂(0.1192mol)。反应1h,缓慢滴加溶有4,5-二 氮杂芴-9-酮(0.0294mol)的无水四氢呋喃溶液(50mL),反应1h后,自然 升温至25℃过夜,反应完毕后滴加5mL水淬灭反应。除去溶剂,二氯甲烷 与水萃取,取有机相,蒸干二氯甲烷得到黄色固体22.4g,不做任何处理直 接进入下一步反应。
计算值C23H14N2O:334.37±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81(2H,m),7.05(2H,m),7.19~7.22(6H,m),7.48(2H,m),8.51 (2H,m)。
中间体1-4-1-2的合成:将0.0670mol中间体1-4-1-1溶于220ml的N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺中,升温至50℃,滴加用150ml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解的 0.1340mol的NBS,滴加完毕升温至100℃搅拌2h,检测原料反应完毕,将 反应液降至25℃后滴加水900ml,搅拌20min过滤,烘干得到中间体1-4-1-2 (收率58%)。
计算值C23H12Br2N2O:492.16±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81(2H,m),7.35(2H,m),7.48(2H,m),7.63(2H,m),8.51(2H, m)。
化合物1-4-1的合成:将0.0389mol的中间体1-4-1-2溶于200ml甲苯中, 通氮气下搅拌,依次加入0.0778mol的咔唑,0.0973mol叔丁醇钠,0.10g三 (二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、0.26ml三叔丁基膦,升温至回流反应,4h后HPLC 检测原料基本反应完毕,将反应液减压旋干,将残余物通过柱层析得到化合 物1-4-1(收率:60%)。
计算值C47H28N4O:664.75±1。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm) δ=6.81(2H,m),7.02(2H,m),7.25~7.50(14H,m),7.63(2H,m), 7.94(2H,m),8.12(2H,m),8.51~8.55(4H,m)。
实施例1:制备有机发光器件
依次用蒸馏水和甲醇超声洗涤具有约1500埃厚度的氧化铟锡(ITO)电极 (第一电极,阳极)的玻璃衬底之后,将经洗涤的玻璃衬底干燥,移到等离子 体清洁系统,然后使用氧等离子体清洁约5分钟。然后将所述玻璃衬底装载 到真空沉积设备中。
将HAT-CN真空沉积到所述玻璃衬底的ITO电极上以形成具有约100 埃厚度的HIL;将TAPC真空沉积到空穴注入层上形成具有约400埃厚度的 HTL。
将DMIC-TRZ和Ir(ppy)3以真空沉积速度比为97:3共沉积在所述空 穴传输区域上以形成具有约300埃厚度的EML。
将化合物1-1-1真空沉积到发光层上形成具有约50埃厚度的HBL。
随后,将化合物LG201真空沉积在所述EML上以形成具有约250埃厚 度的ETL。然后,将LiF沉积在ETL上以形成具有约5埃厚度的EIL,并将 Al沉积在所述EIL上至约1000埃的厚度以形成第二电极(阴极),由此完 成有机发光器件的制造。
其余实施例
采用与实施例1相似的方法制备其余实施例的有机发光器件,所不同的 是,采用表1所示的化合物替换实施例1中的化合物1-1-1。
对比例1
采用与实施例1中相似的方法制备有机发光器件,所不同的是,采用 TPBi替换实施例1中的化合物1-1-1。
评价:有机发光器件的特性评价
使用电流-电压源计(Keithley 2400)和Minolta CS-1000A分光辐射谱仪测 量实施例和对比实施例中的有机发光器件的驱动电压、发射效率和寿命。结 果示于下表1中。
(1)相对于电压变化的电流密度变化的测量
通过使用电流-电压源计(Keithley 2400)在使电压从0伏(V)增加到约10V 的同时测量流动通过所述有机发光器件的每一个的电流值,然后将其除以相 应发光器件的面积以获得电流密度。
(2)相对于电压变化的亮度变化的测量
通过使用Minolta CS-1000A分光辐射谱仪在使电压从约0V增加到约 10V的同时测量所述有机发光器件的亮度。
(3)电流效率的测量
基于由以上描述的测量(1)和(2)获得的电流密度、电压和亮度计算所述 有机发光器件在20毫安/平方厘米(mA/cm2)的一定电流密度下的电流效率。
(4)寿命的测量
保持10000cd/m2的亮度(cd/m2),并测量电流效率(cd/A)减小至80% 的时间。
表1
实施例 | HBT | 驱动电压(V) | 效率(cd/A) | T80(hrs) |
实施例1 | 1-1-1 | 4.06 | 71.4 | 174 |
实施例2 | 1-1-12 | 4.02 | 72.2 | 171 |
实施例3 | 1-1-17 | 3.75 | 69.4 | 165 |
实施例4 | 1-2-1 | 3.93 | 71 | 173 |
实施例5 | 1-2-2 | 4.04 | 68.4 | 168 |
实施例6 | 1-2-5 | 3.83 | 72.6 | 175 |
实施例7 | 1-3-1 | 3.92 | 74.1 | 176 |
实施例8 | 1-3-2 | 4.21 | 62.7 | 162 |
实施例9 | 1-3-12 | 3.68 | 72.5 | 164 |
实施例10 | 1-4-1 | 3.91 | 70.2 | 167 |
实施例11 | 1-4-2 | 4.13 | 63.5 | 163 |
实施例12 | 1-4-5 | 3.77 | 70.5 | 162 |
实施例13 | 1-4-7 | 3.51 | 72.2 | 169 |
实施例14 | 1-4-8 | 3.81 | 69.8 | 170 |
实施例15 | 1-4-10 | 4.03 | 67.9 | 162 |
实施例16 | 1-4-14 | 3.87 | 71.9 | 162 |
对比例 | TPBi | 4.7 | 58.2 | 134 |
由本发明的新化合物形成的有机电致发光器件具有低的驱动电压和明 显较现有技术更高的寿命、电流效率及亮度。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在 本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包 括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样 应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的双极性有机电致发光化合物,其中,式(I)所示结构的化合物选自以下结构式中的任意一种:
其中,在式1-1、式1-2、式1-3和式1-4中,
R1和R2各自独立地选自H、取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环、取代或未取代的含氮芳杂五环,且R1和R2不同时为H;
所述取代或未取代的含氮芳杂三环中的含氮芳杂三环为式1所示的咔唑基,且式1所示的咔唑基任选由苯基取代;
所述取代或未取代的含氮芳杂五环中的含氮芳杂五环选自式2、式4、式5、式6所示的基团,在式2、式4至式6中,X3、X5、X6、X7各自独立地选自-O-和-S-;以及其中的R11为苯基;R12和R13各自独立地为甲基;
R1和R2上的取代基各自独立地选自苯基。
5.权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的双极性有机电致发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用;所述双极性有机电致发光化合物存在于该有机电致发光器件的空穴阻挡层中。
6.一种含有权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的双极性有机电致发光化合物中的一种或两种以上的化合物的有机电致发光器件;
所述双极性有机电致发光化合物存在于该有机电致发光器件的空穴阻挡层中,且作为空穴阻挡材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光器件,其中,所述有机电致发光器件包括依次层叠设置的基板、阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、任选的电子阻挡层、发光层、任选的空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极。
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