CN109931615B - Melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid waste - Google Patents
Melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN109931615B CN109931615B CN201910329923.4A CN201910329923A CN109931615B CN 109931615 B CN109931615 B CN 109931615B CN 201910329923 A CN201910329923 A CN 201910329923A CN 109931615 B CN109931615 B CN 109931615B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention provides a melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid wastes, which comprises a vertical melting pyrolysis furnace, a gas combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler heat exchanger, a flue gas quenching tower, a dust remover, a desulfurization, denitrification and dioxin removal device, an induced draft fan and a chimney. The processing method comprises the following steps: the solid waste is pretreated and then added into a melting pyrolysis furnace, part of coke and flux are added into the melting pyrolysis furnace, metal is reduced and melted in the melting pyrolysis furnace, the solid waste is melted in the furnace to form metal, slag and coal gas, the metal and the slag are discharged at the bottom of the melting pyrolysis furnace, the coal gas enters a coal gas combustion chamber to burn, the burned flue gas generates hot air and steam through a waste heat boiler and a heat exchanger, the hot air is blown into the melting pyrolysis furnace, the steam is output to generate electricity, the heat exchanged flue gas enters a quenching tower to be cooled, and the cooled flue gas enters a furnace to be discharged after dust removal, desulfurization, denitrification and dioxin are carried out. According to the invention, the solid waste is melted and pyrolyzed, the metal resources in the solid waste are recovered, and the slag is melted into glassy slag for recycling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization, in particular to a melting pyrolysis system for treating industrial solid waste and dangerous waste in the metal smelting production process, which is particularly used for treating solid waste in industrial production and urban life.
Background
Industrial solid waste refers to various waste residues, dust, other wastes and the like discharged by industrial and mining enterprises in the production activity process. Industrial solid waste is concentrated in industries such as mining, food, chemical, thermal power, chemical fiber, casting, wood processing, and mineral smelting, which produce large amounts of solid waste. The solid waste has large quantity, complex components and various kinds. Data statistics show that the industrial solid waste production in China is in an increasing situation, and the solid waste production is expected to be maintained at an increasing speed of about 8% in the next years. Industrial solid denunciation hundred million tons are produced in China each year, the total amount of industrial solid waste piled up in the past year is more than 600 hundred million tons, and the total amount of industrial solid waste occupies more than 200 ten thousand hectares. By 2021, the industrial solid waste production of China breaks through 46 hundred million tons. Industrial solid waste not only wastes resources and occupies land, but also brings serious environmental and safety hazards, and endangers ecological environment and human health.
The industrial solid waste in China relates to a plurality of aspects, and particularly a large amount of industrial solid waste is generated in the industries of steel, chemical engineering, electric power, coal and the like. Some cities related to the steel industry have a large amount of metallurgical slag piled up like mountains. Meanwhile, in many areas with developed mining industry, the production amount of industrial solid waste is not reduced, and the industrial solid waste is not paid attention to the storage amount, so that a great deal of pollution and environmental remediation work face great pressure. It is known that the utilization rate of the solid waste in the bulk industry in China is relatively low, and only about 50 percent. Particularly, the comprehensive utilization difficulty of some tailings and phosphogypsum is high, the added value is limited, the enterprise enthusiasm is low, and the comprehensive utilization rate is only more than 30%. Along with the improvement of environmental protection requirements in recent years, policies become stricter, requirements on waste production units are higher and higher, environmental problems caused by improper solid waste treatment are gradually revealed, traditional rough treatment modes are gradually banned, and meanwhile, the technical support capability of industrial solid waste is insufficient, and the comprehensive utilization technology with large scale, high added value and no secondary pollution has some problems.
However, for hazardous waste with one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosiveness, toxicity, inflammability, reactivity, infectivity and the like, a huge gap 2015 is formed between the domestic production and treatment capacity, and the national hazardous waste production is 3976 ten thousand tons at present, but the data is obviously lower than the actual production because the data is derived from the autonomous declaration of enterprises.
The hazardous waste harmless treatment technology comprises a physical method, a chemical method, solidification/stabilization and the like, and the final treatment mode comprises the following steps: land filling, incineration, piling, land tillage, deep well filling, marine treatment, etc. Land landfilling and incineration methods are currently important methods for final disposal of solid waste in most countries and are also common methods for final disposal of hazardous waste. The land landfill method has the advantages of large treatment capacity and small energy consumption, but has strict construction requirements and large fund demand, and has the problems of difficult site selection due to occupied land resources, and the treatment method has poor reduction and recycling effects; the incineration method has good reduction effect, but has high investment and operation cost, depends on national subsidy, and finally generates fly ash and slag which still need landfill disposal, and is still not an ideal disposal mode for hazardous wastes at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a solid waste melting pyrolysis system for realizing the treatment and recycling of solid waste in industrial production and urban life, in particular to the treatment and recycling of industrial solid waste and dangerous waste in the metal smelting production process.
The invention achieves the aim through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid wastes, which comprises a vertical melting pyrolysis furnace, a gas combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler heat exchanger, a melting pyrolysis furnace blast facility, a flue gas quenching tower, a flue gas treatment facility, an induced draft fan and a chimney;
the vertical type melting pyrolysis furnace is a coke fixed bed melting pyrolysis furnace and comprises a feeding device, a melting pyrolysis furnace body and a slag treatment device;
The feeding device is arranged above the melting pyrolysis furnace body, solid waste, coke and flux are added into the melting pyrolysis furnace body by the feeding device, the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace gas is prevented from escaping in a mechanical or material column sealing mode, a sealing structure is opened during feeding, and the melting pyrolysis furnace is closed after feeding;
The melting pyrolysis furnace body comprises an upper material receiving section, a furnace body and a furnace bottom hearth, wherein an air opening is formed in the lower portion of the melting pyrolysis furnace body, hot air is blown in through the air opening, the upper material receiving section receives solid waste added by a feeding device, a slag and metal discharge opening is formed in the bottom of the furnace bottom hearth, molten slag is discharged through the discharge opening, and coal gas is pumped out through a coal gas pumping outlet in the bottom of the upper material receiving section;
the slag treatment device comprises a slag iron separation device and a slag granulating device.
Furthermore, the pressure of the gas extraction position of the gas extraction port at the bottom of the receiving section at the upper part of the melting pyrolysis furnace body is controlled to be slightly negative pressure, so that gas is prevented from escaping from the feeding device at the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace.
Further, the gas combustion chamber is connected to a gas extraction port of the melting pyrolysis furnace, the gas combustion chamber comprises a combustion-supporting air inlet, a waste liquid injection port and a fuel injection port, the combustion temperature of the gas combustion chamber is more than 1000 ℃, the residence time of flue gas at more than 1000 ℃ is more than 2 seconds, and the gas combustion chamber can be provided with an amino reducing agent injection port for denitration.
Further, the waste heat boiler heat exchanger is connected to a flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber, the melting pyrolysis furnace air blowing facility is connected to the waste heat boiler heat exchanger, air is blown into the furnace through the melting pyrolysis furnace air blowing facility after being heated by the waste heat boiler heat exchanger, air or partial oxygen enrichment is adopted for air blowing, and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the waste heat boiler heat exchanger is higher than 500 ℃.
Further, the flue gas quenching tower is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger of the waste heat boiler, atomized water is sprayed into the quenching tower to cool the flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the quenching tower is lower than 200 ℃, and the cooling time of the flue gas at 500-200 ℃ is lower than 2 seconds.
Further, the flue gas quenching tower is connected with a flue gas treatment facility, and the flue gas treatment facility comprises a desulfurization device, a dust removal device, a denitration device and a dioxin removal device.
Further, an induced draft fan and a chimney are arranged behind the flue gas treatment facility, and the system pressure is controlled by the induced draft fan.
The invention provides a solid waste melting pyrolysis system, which realizes the treatment and recycling of solid waste in industrial production and urban life, especially industrial solid waste and dangerous waste in the process of treating metal smelting production. According to the invention, the solid waste is melted and pyrolyzed, the metal resources in the solid waste are recovered, and the slag is melted into glassy slag for recycling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system for melt pyrolysis of industrial and municipal solid waste according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vertical type melting pyrolysis furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise ratios for convenience and clarity in assisting in illustrating embodiments of the invention.
The invention provides a solid waste melting pyrolysis system, which realizes the treatment and recycling of solid waste in industrial production and urban life, especially industrial solid waste and dangerous waste in the process of treating metal smelting production.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for melt pyrolysis of industrial and municipal solid waste according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical type melt pyrolysis furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides a melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid wastes, which comprises a vertical melting pyrolysis furnace 100, a gas combustion chamber 200, a waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300, a melting pyrolysis furnace blast facility 400, a flue gas quenching tower 500, a flue gas treatment facility 600, a draught fan 700 and a chimney 800;
The vertical type melting pyrolysis furnace 100 is a coke fixed bed melting pyrolysis furnace and comprises a feeding device 110, a melting pyrolysis furnace body 120 and a slag treatment device 130;
The feeding device 110 is arranged above the melting pyrolysis furnace body 120, solid waste, coke and flux are fed into the melting pyrolysis furnace body 120 by the feeding device 110, the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace gas is prevented from escaping in a mechanical or material column sealing mode, a sealing structure is opened during feeding, and the melting pyrolysis furnace is closed after feeding;
The melting pyrolysis furnace body 120 comprises an upper receiving section 121, a furnace body 122 and a furnace bottom hearth 123, wherein a tuyere is arranged at the lower part of the melting pyrolysis furnace body 120, hot air is blown in through the tuyere, the upper receiving section 121 receives solid waste added by the feeding device 110, a slag and metal discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the furnace bottom hearth 123, molten slag is discharged through the discharge port, and coal gas is pumped out through a coal gas pumping outlet 124 at the bottom of the upper receiving section 121;
The slag treatment device 130 includes a slag-iron separation device 131 and a slag granulating device 132.
Industrial solid wastes such as waste steel, waste residues, smelting dust, oily sludge, waste tire plastic stool and the like and dangerous wastes are pretreated to form a certain block, and then enter a feeding device 110 of a melting pyrolysis furnace, the feeding device 110 carries out material proportioning according to the types and heat values of the solid wastes and the content of harmful substances such as sulfur, chlorine and the like, the material proportioning comprises the material proportioning of the solid waste and the material proportioning of a coke flux, the material proportioning and the material proportioning are calculated according to the solid waste components and the set slag components, the coke, the flux and the solid wastes are simultaneously added, the prepared materials are added into the furnace through the feeding device 110, and the feeding device 110 adopts a mode of matching a charging basket with a lifting machine or a skip car to match an inclined bridge.
The top of the melting pyrolysis furnace is provided with a furnace cover, the charging device 110 is lifted by a basket or a skip car at the top of the furnace, the furnace cover is opened, solid waste is added into the furnace and enters the upper receiving section after being added into the melting pyrolysis furnace, the furnace burden plays a role in sealing a material column in the upper receiving section 121, gas is prevented from escaping from the furnace top, a gas extraction port 124 is arranged at the junction of the bottom of the upper receiving section 121 and the top of the furnace body, the position of the gas extraction port 124 is controlled to be slightly negative pressure, the gas is prevented from escaping from the charging device 110 at the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace, the gas is extracted from the extraction port, and the material column in the upper receiving section 121 is blocked and damaged to avoid air from being inhaled from the furnace top and prevent the gas from escaping from the furnace top.
The furnace body 122 is a heat exchange and melting reaction section, coal gas generated by pyrolysis of coke and organic matters is upwards from the lower part of the furnace body 122, furnace burden is downwards formed by convection movement from the upper part of the furnace body 122, heat is transferred to the furnace burden by the coal gas, the furnace burden is upwards moved to the top of the furnace body 122 and is pumped out by the coal gas pumping outlet 124, the furnace body 122 is of a water-cooling refractory material structure, an air outlet is arranged at the junction of the furnace body 122 and the furnace hearth 123, hot air is blown in through the air outlet, and the hot air reacts with the coke and the organic matters to generate the coal gas.
The hearth 123 is a fixed bed of coke, molten slag and metal are discharged from a slag hole after passing through the fixed bed, the hearth 123 is provided with a slag hole or a metal discharge hole according to the type of molten solid waste, the hearth 123 adopts a metal refractory structure, the outside is water-cooled, the metal and the slag are separated and recovered in a slag-iron separation device 131 outside the furnace according to the specific gravity difference, and a slag granulating device 132 granulates the slag into recyclable particles.
The gas combustion chamber 200 is connected to the gas outlet 124 of the melting pyrolysis furnace 100, after the melting pyrolysis furnace gas is extracted from the gas outlet 124, the gas enters the gas combustion chamber 200, the gas combustion chamber 200 comprises a combustion air inlet, a waste liquid inlet and a fuel inlet, waste liquid to be treated is sprayed by the combustion chamber, the combustion air of the combustion chamber can be blown into by a solid waste warehouse or a storage workshop ventilation exhaust, the combustion temperature of the gas combustion chamber 200 is above 1000 ℃, the residence time of the flue gas is above 1000 ℃ for more than 2 seconds, if the temperature is insufficient, part of fuel is supplemented, and when the temperature is too high, part of purified flue gas can be blown into in order to avoid nitrogen oxide generation, and the gas combustion chamber can be sprayed with an amino reducing agent for denitration.
The waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300 is connected to a flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber 200, the melting pyrolysis furnace blasting facility 400 is connected to the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300, the blast is heated by the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300 and then blasted into the furnace through the melting pyrolysis furnace blasting facility 400, flue gas combusted in the gas combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300, the heat exchanger 300 is connected with the melting pyrolysis furnace blasting facility 400, part of heat of the flue gas is used for heating hot air required by the melting pyrolysis furnace 100, the melting pyrolysis furnace blasting adopts air or part of oxygen-enriched air, the oxygen-enriched air can be arranged in front of the heat exchanger or behind the heat exchanger, the rest of heat of the flue gas passes through waste heat boiler byproduct steam, and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the waste heat boiler heat exchanger 300 is higher than 500 ℃.
The flue gas quenching tower 500 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 300 of the waste heat boiler, the flue gas at the outlet of the waste heat boiler enters the quenching tower 500, atomized water cooling flue gas is sprayed into the quenching tower 500, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the quenching tower 500 is lower than 200 ℃, and the cooling time of the flue gas at 500-200 ℃ is lower than 2 seconds.
The flue gas quenching tower 500 is connected with a flue gas treatment facility 600, and the flue gas treatment facility 600 comprises a dust removal device 610, a desulfurization device 620, a denitration device 630 and a dioxin removal device 640. The quenched flue gas enters a flue gas treatment facility 600, and sequentially enters a dust removal device 610, a desulfurization device 620, a denitration device 630 and a dioxin removal device 640, wherein desulfurization can be performed according to the sulfur content of treated waste by adopting a dry method, a semi-dry method or a wet method, the denitration facility can adopt an SCR mode, can adopt an SNCR mode, and is arranged in a gas combustion chamber when adopting SNCR.
An induced draft fan 700 and a chimney 800 are arranged behind the flue gas treatment facility 600, and the system pressure is controlled by the induced draft fan 700. The treated flue gas is discharged through the induced draft fan 700 and the chimney 800, and the pressure of the whole system is controlled through the induced draft fan 700. The pressure of the bottom gas extraction position of the receiving section of the melting pyrolysis furnace is controlled to be micro negative pressure, so that the gas is prevented from escaping from a charging device at the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid wastes is characterized by comprising a vertical melting pyrolysis furnace, a gas combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler heat exchanger, a melting pyrolysis furnace blast facility, a flue gas quenching tower, a flue gas treatment facility, an induced draft fan and a chimney;
the vertical type melting pyrolysis furnace is a coke fixed bed melting pyrolysis furnace and comprises a feeding device, a melting pyrolysis furnace body and a slag treatment device;
The feeding device is arranged above the melting pyrolysis furnace body, solid waste, coke and flux are added into the melting pyrolysis furnace body by the feeding device, the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace gas is prevented from escaping in a mechanical or material column sealing mode, a sealing structure is opened during feeding, and the melting pyrolysis furnace is closed after feeding;
The melting pyrolysis furnace body comprises an upper material receiving section, a furnace body and a furnace bottom hearth, wherein an air opening is formed in the lower portion of the melting pyrolysis furnace body, hot air is blown in through the air opening, the upper material receiving section receives solid waste added by a feeding device, a slag and metal discharge opening is formed in the bottom of the furnace bottom hearth, molten slag is discharged through the discharge opening, and coal gas is pumped out through a coal gas pumping outlet in the bottom of the upper material receiving section;
the slag treatment device comprises a slag iron separation device and a slag granulating device;
The gas combustion chamber is connected with a gas extraction port of the melting pyrolysis furnace, the gas combustion chamber comprises a combustion-supporting air inlet, a waste liquid injection port and a fuel injection port, the combustion temperature of the gas combustion chamber is more than 1000 ℃, the residence time of flue gas at more than 1000 ℃ is more than 2 seconds, and the gas combustion chamber can be provided with an amino reducing agent injection port for denitration;
The waste heat boiler heat exchanger is connected to a flue gas outlet of the gas combustion chamber, the melting pyrolysis furnace air blowing facility is connected to the waste heat boiler heat exchanger, air is blown into the furnace through the melting pyrolysis furnace air blowing facility after being heated by the waste heat boiler heat exchanger, air or partial oxygen enrichment is adopted in the air blowing, and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the waste heat boiler heat exchanger is higher than 500 ℃;
The flue gas quenching tower is connected with a flue gas treatment facility, and the flue gas treatment facility comprises a desulfurization device, a dust removal device, a denitration device and a dioxin removal device.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the gas extraction position of the gas extraction port at the bottom of the receiving section at the upper part of the melting pyrolysis furnace body is controlled to be slightly negative, so that the gas is prevented from escaping from the feeding device at the top of the melting pyrolysis furnace.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the flue gas quench tower is connected to the waste heat boiler heat exchanger outlet, atomized water cooled flue gas is injected into the quench tower, the flue gas temperature at the quench tower outlet is less than 200 ℃, and the flue gas cooling time at 500 ℃ to 200 ℃ is less than 2 seconds.
4. The system for the pyrolysis of industrial and municipal solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas treatment facilities are followed by induced draft fans and chimneys, and the system pressure is controlled by the induced draft fans.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910329923.4A CN109931615B (en) | 2019-04-23 | Melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910329923.4A CN109931615B (en) | 2019-04-23 | Melting pyrolysis system for industrial and urban solid waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109931615A CN109931615A (en) | 2019-06-25 |
| CN109931615B true CN109931615B (en) | 2024-11-12 |
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| CN1430016A (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2003-07-16 | 鞍山热能研究院 | Slag incinerator for treating hazardous wastes and medical garbage and process method |
| CN102607033A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-25 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Domestic garbage gasifying and melting incineration system and incineration method thereof |
| CN210291885U (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-04-10 | 宝钢工程技术集团有限公司 | Melting pyrolysis system of industry and municipal solid waste |
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