CN109902879B - Sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index, which comprises the following steps: natural climate condition evaluation, soil water and fertilizer condition evaluation, sugarcane production potential evaluation and zoning sugarcane planting based on comprehensive suitability index. On the basis of deep investigation and evaluation of natural environmental conditions of sugarcane areas, the method combines technical methods of meteorology, soil science, sugarcane cultivation science and crop modeling to classify and evaluate the climate, soil and sugarcane production potential elements of the sugarcane planting areas, and is beneficial to reasonably planning and scientifically planting the production layout of the sugarcane by fully utilizing natural conditions, so that the utilization efficiency of climate and soil resources is improved, the cost is saved, the effect is increased, and the sugarcane industry is promoted to take a step towards the overall target of high yield, high sugar, high efficiency, concentration, ecology and safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sugarcane planting zoning method, in particular to a sugarcane planting zoning method based on a comprehensive suitability index.
Background
The first problem of the adjustment of the sugarcane industrial structure is to optimize the layout of a sugarcane planting area, only by realizing the optimal allocation of various resources according to local conditions, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, and the high-yield and high-efficiency planting is realized.
However, in recent years, the planting area of the sugarcane in China shows a trend of declining year by year, and at present, various problems of incomplete sugarcane planting zoning indexes, unreasonable planting system and variety layout, low utilization efficiency of natural climate and soil resources in sugarcane areas, serious yield reduction and loss due to meteorological disasters and the like still exist. Under the new development situation and requirements, the traditional method for carrying out sugarcane agricultural climate zoning only according to meteorological station observation data is difficult to meet the requirements of optimizing and adjusting the sugarcane planting area layout and high-yield and high-efficiency planting in the future.
Therefore, research on sugarcane planting zoning methods is needed to be enhanced, zoning indexes and methods are refined and optimized, sugarcane production is concentrated to dominant delivery zones through scientific planning, the traditional scattered family planting mode is changed, intensive and large-scale planting is developed, and resource utilization efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index aiming at the zoning indexes and method problems existing in the existing sugar cane planting, on the basis of comprehensive analysis and evaluation of agricultural production zoning factors of the Chinese sugarcane main production zone, and provides scientific basis for optimizing sugarcane production layout and fully utilizing natural resources to benefit and avoid harm and improving sugarcane field production efficiency. The method combines related technical methods of meteorology, soil science, sugarcane cultivation science and crop modeling science, firstly carries out single index classification evaluation on elements such as climate, soil, sugarcane production potential and the like in a sugar sugarcane planting area, and then carries out sugarcane planting division by calculating a comprehensive suitability index.
In order to solve the problems existing in the conventional sugarcane planting division, the invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme:
a sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index comprises the following steps:
step (1) evaluation of natural climate conditions
The evaluation of natural climate conditions includes: evaluating the total solar radiation annual value based on sunshine hours; temperature evaluation based on daily maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation;
the solar total radiation annual value evaluation is carried out as follows:
firstly, the total solar radiation daily value is calculated according to the formula (1), wherein Rs is the total solar radiation on the daily surface and MJ/m 2 (ii) a Ra is total sun radiation in sunny and empty days, MJ/m 2 (ii) a n is sunshine hours, h; n is day length, h; a and b are model empirical coefficients;
then, calculating the solar total radiation annual value according to a formula (2), wherein i is a sequence; rs (Rs) i The total solar radiation on the earth's surface of day with the sequence of i days, MJ/m 2 (ii) a Rad is the cumulative value of total solar radiation for 365 days of the year, namely the annual value of total solar radiation, MJ/m 2 (ii) a Performing solar radiation suitability index SSI according to Rad _Rad Assigning;
the temperature evaluation based on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures was performed as follows:
the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature of the regional multi-year ground climate data daily value data set are used for calculating the following indexes: the annual average temperature Tav is not less than 20 ℃ accumulated temperature Tt, the annual extreme minimum temperature Tm and the gas Wen Ri are poor Tr; temperature suitability index SSI is carried out according to the sizes of Tav, tt, tm and Tr _Tav 、SSI _Tt 、SSI _Tm And SSI _Tr Assigning values of (1);
the annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation was performed as follows:
calculating annual precipitation amount Pre by using daily precipitation amount of a data set of perennial ground climate data daily value in the area, and calculating the annual precipitation amount fitness index SSI according to the size of Pre _Pre Assigning;
step (2) evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions
The soil water and fertilizer condition evaluation comprises soil moisture evaluation and soil fertility evaluation, wherein the soil moisture evaluation comprises the following steps: sampling typical soil in a local sugarcane area, wherein the sampling depth is 0-60cm, measuring the soil field sustaining and wilting water content, calculating the effective water content SAW of the soil, and performing soil moisture suitability index according to the SAW sizeSSI _SAW Assigning; the soil fertility is evaluated as follows: sampling typical soil in a sugarcane area, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20cm, measuring the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, grading (grade 1-6) according to the soil nutrient grading standard in the sugarcane area, and performing soil nutrient suitability index SSI according to the grading condition SNL _SNL Assigning;
step (3) evaluation of sugarcane production potential
The evaluation of the sugarcane production potential comprises the following steps: evaluating the planting scale and the sugarcane stalk yield; wherein, the planting scale evaluation is as follows: collecting sugarcane planting area data of the region in nearly 3 years, calculating perennial sugarcane planting area SPA through average value, and performing planting scale suitability SSI according to the SPA size _SPA Assigning; the cane stalk yield was evaluated as: based on a local perennial ground climate data daily value data set (daily total solar radiation, daily maximum air temperature, daily minimum air temperature and daily rainfall) and soil water and fertilizer conditions of the sugarcane area, referring to relevant management measures of sugarcane high-yield high-Sugar standardized production, simulating perennial average sugarcane stem yield TCH of local sugarcane main cultivars by using an APSIM-Sugar model, and carrying out sugarcane stem yield fitness SSI according to TCH size _TCH Assigning;
step (4) zoning sugarcane planting based on comprehensive suitability index
The comprehensive sugarcane production suitability index CSI is calculated according to the following formula:
CSI＝(SSI _Rad +SSI _Tav +SSI _Tt +SSI _Tm +SSI _Tr +SSI _Pre +SSI _SAW +SSI _SNL +SSI _SPA +SSI _TCH ) X 0.1, wherein, SSI _Rad 、SSI _Tav 、SSI _Tt 、SSI _Tm 、SSI _Tr 、SSI _Pre 、SSI _SAW 、SSI _SNL 、SSI _SPA 、SSI _TCH Sequentially assigning single suitability degrees of the total solar radiation annual value, the annual average temperature, the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 20 ℃, the extreme minimum annual temperature, the temperature day worse, the annual rainfall capacity, the effective soil moisture content, the soil nutrient grade, the planting scale and the sugarcane stem yield; when the CSI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the area is the most suitable area for sugarcane production; when 2 is in<When the CSI is less than or equal to 3,the region is a sugarcane production suitable region; when 3 is<When the CSI is less than or equal to 5, the region is a less-suitable region for sugarcane production.
Further, in the step (1), the default values of a and b are 0.25 and 0.5, or the values of a and b are corrected by adopting the formulas (3) and (4):
a＝1.57×10 -5 ×H+0.1705 (3)；
b＝2.01×10 -5 ×H+0.5416 (4)；
wherein H is the local altitude, m.
Further, in step (1), SSI is determined when Rad is greater than or equal to 5000 _Rad ＝1；5000>SSI when Rad is more than or equal to 4000 _Rad ＝3；Rad<At 4000 hours, SSI _Rad ＝5；
SSI when Tav is not less than 20 _Tav ＝1；20>SSI when Tav is greater than or equal to 15 _Tav ＝3；Tav<15 hours, SSI _Tav =5,tav units;
when Tt is greater than or equal to 5000, SSI _Tt ＝1；5000>SSI when Tt is greater than or equal to 3000 _Tt ＝3；Tt<At 3000 hours, SSI _Tt =5,tt units ℃ · d;
SSI when Tm is not less than-2 _Tm ＝1；-4≤Tm<At-2 hours, SSI _Tm ＝3；Tm<At-4 hours, SSI _Tm (ii) =5,tm units;
SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 12 _Tr ＝1；12>SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 10 _Tr ＝3；Tr<At 10 hours, SSI _Tr (iii) =5,tr units;
SSI is not less than 1500 and not more than Pre and not more than 2000 _Pre ＝1；1000≤Pre<1500 or 2000 of<SSI when Pre is less than or equal to 2500 _Pre ＝3；Pre>2500 or Pre<At 1000 hours, SSI _Pre =5; pre is in mm.
Further, in step (2), SSI is determined when SAW is greater than or equal to 20 _SAW ＝1；20>SSI when SAW is greater than or equal to 10 _SAW ＝3；SAW<At 10 hours, SSI _SAW =5; SAW unit is%; SNL =1-2 for high nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =1; SNL =3 for medium nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =3; SNL =4-6 for low nutrient soil, SSI _SNL ＝5。
Further, in the step (3),SSI when SPA is more than or equal to 20000 _SPA ＝1；20000>SSI when SPA is not less than 10000 _SPA ＝3；SPA<10000 hours, SSI _SPA H in units of h in an amount of =5,SPA 2 (ii) a SSI when TCH is greater than or equal to 90 _TCH ＝1；90>SSI when TCH is greater than or equal to 60 _TCH ＝3；TCH<60 hours, SSI _TCH TCH unit is t/hm =5, 2 。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method is scientific and reasonable by quantitatively evaluating key factors in climate, soil and sugarcane production on the basis of deeply investigating and evaluating the natural conditions of sugarcane areas.
(2) The sugarcane planting zoning method is combined with the technical methods of meteorology, soil science, sugarcane cultivation science and crop modeling science to carry out sugarcane planting zoning, and can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of various resources.
(3) The method adopts the unified single index suitability index and the comprehensive suitability index to evaluate the sugarcane production potentials of different sugarcane areas, is convenient and easy to popularize and apply, is beneficial to reasonably planning and scientifically planting the production layout of the sugar sugarcane by fully utilizing natural conditions, saves cost and improves efficiency, and promotes the sugarcane industry to step forward to the overall target of high yield, high sugar, high efficiency, integration, ecology and safety.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
Example 1
The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index carries out planting zoning on a Yunnan Geng Ma sugarcane region, and comprises the following steps:
step (1), evaluation of Natural climate conditions
The evaluation of natural climate conditions includes: evaluating the total solar radiation annual value based on sunshine hours; temperature evaluation based on daily maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation;
the annual value of total solar radiation based on the number of sunshine hours is as follows:
firstly, geng Ma is substituted for formula (1) to calculate the total solar radiation daily value Rs in the sunshine hours of a data set of the daily values of the ground climate data in the year Geng Ma in 1981-2010, and then the total solar radiation annual value Rad is calculated according to formula (2), wherein formulas (3) and (4) are correction formulas of parameters a and b in formula (1) respectively.
a＝1.57×10 -5 ×H+0.1705 (3)
b＝2.01×10 -5 ×H+0.5416 (4)
Wherein Rs is total solar radiation on the earth's surface MJ/m 2 (ii) a Ra is total sun radiation in clear sky, MJ/m 2 (ii) a n is sunshine hours, h; n is day length, h; a and b are model empirical coefficients, the default values are 0.25 and 0.5 respectively, parameter correction can be carried out on the Yunnan low latitude plateau sugarcane region by adopting a formula (3) and a formula (4), and H is the altitude (m). i is the sequence; rs (Rs) i The total solar radiation of the earth's surface of the day with the sequence of i, MJ/m 2 (ii) a Rad is the cumulative value of total solar radiation for 365 days in the year, namely the annual value of total solar radiation, MJ/m 2 (ii) a Performing solar radiation suitability index SSI according to Rad _Rad Assigning; SSI when Rad is greater than or equal to 5000 _Rad ＝1；5000>SSI when Rad is more than or equal to 4000 _Rad ＝3；Rad<At 4000 hours, SSI _Rad ＝5。
The temperature of the highest and lowest daily temperatures was evaluated as follows:
the method utilizes the ground climate of Geng Ma in 1981-2010The daily maximum and minimum temperatures of the data daily value data set are calculated as follows (refer to the China meteorological data standard): the annual average temperature Tav, the accumulated temperature Tt of not less than 20 ℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature Tm and the gas Wen Ri are poor Tr; temperature suitability index SSI is carried out according to the sizes of Tav, tt, tm and Tr _Tav 、SSI _Tt 、SSI _Tm And SSI _Tr Assignment of (2):
SSI when Tav is not less than 20 _Tav ＝1；20>SSI when Tav is not less than 15 _Tav ＝3；Tav<15 hours, SSI _Tav =5,tav units;
SSI at Tt ≥ 5000 _Tt ＝1；5000>SSI when Tt is greater than or equal to 3000 _Tt ＝3；Tt<At 3000 hours, SSI _Tt 5,Tt in ℃. D;
SSI when Tm is not less than-2 _Tm ＝1；-4≤Tm<At time-2, SSI _Tm ＝3；Tm<At-4 hours, SSI _Tm (ii) =5,tm units;
SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 12 _Tr ＝1；12>SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 10 _Tr ＝3；Tr<At 10 hours, SSI _Tr Unit of =5,tr is ℃.
The annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation was performed as follows:
calculating annual precipitation amount Pre (referring to the China meteorological data standard) by using the daily precipitation amount of a Geng Ma 1981-2010 ground climate data daily value data set, and assigning a value according to the magnitude of Pre; SSI is not less than 1500 and not more than Pre and not more than 2000 _Pre ＝1；1000≤Pre<1500 or 2000 of<SSI when Pre is less than or equal to 2500 _Pre ＝3；Pre>2500 or Pre<At 1000 hours, SSI _Pre =5; pre is in mm.
In the embodiment, the natural climate suitability of Geng Ma sugarcane planting is evaluated by calculating the local solar total radiation annual value Rad, the annual average temperature Tav, the accumulated temperature Tt of not less than 20 ℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature Tm, the air daily poor Tr and the annual precipitation amount Pre based on the data of the daily values of the ground climate data Geng Ma between 1981 and 2010, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of natural climate suitability for planting sugarcane 1 Geng Ma
Step (2), evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions
The soil water and fertilizer condition evaluation comprises soil moisture evaluation and soil fertility evaluation, wherein the soil moisture evaluation (comprising field sustaining, wilting coefficient, effective water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium contents) comprises the following steps: sampling typical soil in a local sugarcane region by referring to NY/T52-1987 and NY/T1121.22-2010 soil moisture determination standard methods, wherein the sampling depth is 0-60cm, the soil field sustaining and wilting moisture content is determined, the effective moisture content SAW (%) of the soil is calculated, the optimum SAW is more than or equal to 20, and SSI (small scale integration) is optimized _SAW ＝1；20>Preferably, the SAW is not less than 10, SSI _SAW ＝3；SAW<Less suitable 10, SSI _SAW ＝5。
The soil fertility was evaluated as:
sampling typical soil in a sugarcane area according to 'sugarcane nutrition management and detection technology', wherein the sampling depth is 0-20cm, measuring the contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, grading according to the soil nutrient grading standard of the sugarcane area, wherein SNL =1-2 is high-nutrient soil, and SSI (small scale integration) is obtained _SNL =1; SNL =3 for medium nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =3; SNL =4-6 for low nutrient soil, SSI _SNL ＝5。
This example evaluates the water and fertilizer suitability of soil for Geng Ma sugarcane planting based on the effective water content, SAW, and nutrient level, SNL, of a typical soil sample from Geng Ma sugarcane field, with the results shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 evaluation results of water and fertilizer suitability of Geng Ma sugarcane planting soil
Step (3) evaluation of sugarcane production potential
The evaluation of the production potential of the sugarcane comprises the following steps: planting scale evaluation and cane stalk yield evaluation.
Wherein, the planting scale evaluation is as follows:
sugarcane planting for obtaining Geng Ma approximately 3 years (2016-2018)Area data (unify adopting international unit hectare hm) 2 ) Evaluation of the plant size SPA (hm) by calculating the mean 2 ) The scale of SPA is more than or equal to 20000, SSI _SPA ＝1；20000>SSI in scale of SPA ≥ 10000 _SPA ＝3；SPA<10000 is small scale, SSI _SPA ＝5。
The cane stalk yield is evaluated as follows:
based on Geng Ma data of daily values of ground climate data (daily total solar radiation, daily maximum air temperature, daily minimum air temperature and daily rainfall) in 1981-2010, geng Ma sugarcane area soil moisture data (field sustaining, wilting coefficient and effective water content) and soil nutrient data (organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content), referring to relevant management measures (seeding date, irrigation quantity, fertilization quantity and the like) of sugarcane high-yield and high-Sugar standardized production technology, geng Ma sugarcane area sugarcane main cultivar ROC22 multi-year average sugarcane stem yield TCH (t/hm) is simulated by using APSIM-Sugar model 2 ) TCH is more than or equal to 90 and has high potential, SSI _TCH ＝1；90>TCH is more than or equal to 60 and has medium potential, SSI _TCH ＝3；TCH<60 is low potential, SSI _TCH ＝5。
The example evaluates Geng Ma sugarcane production potential based on Geng Ma perennial sugarcane planting area SPA and annual average sugarcane stalk yield TCH calculated by APSIM-Sugar model simulation, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Geng Ma sugarcane production potential evaluation results
Zoning sugarcane planting based on comprehensive suitability index
And (3) calculating a comprehensive index CSI of the sugarcane production suitability according to the single index suitability SSI of the Geng Ma climate, the soil and the sugarcane production potential obtained in the steps (1) - (3).
CSI＝(SSI _Rad +SSI _Tav +SSI _Tt +SSI _Tm +SSI _Tr +SSI _Pre +SSI _SAW +SSI _SNL +SSI _SPA +SSI _TCH )×0.1＝(1+1+1+1+1+3+3+3+1+1)×0.1＝1.6
Evaluation results show that the photo-thermal and precipitation conditions of the Geng Ma sugarcane region are very suitable for sugarcane planting, the soil water and fertilizer conditions are medium, the sugarcane planting scale is large, the yield per unit is high, the comprehensive suitability index CSI =1.6, and the sugarcane region belongs to the most suitable region for sugarcane production.
Example 2
The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index in the embodiment is used for planting zoning in Yuanjiang sugarcane areas in Yunnan, and the specific method is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 evaluation results of comprehensive suitability of Yuanjiang sugarcane production
As can be seen from table 4, the photo-thermal conditions of the Yuanjiang sugarcane area are very good, but the rainfall is insufficient, the irrigation needs to be enhanced, the soil fertility is medium, the sugarcane planting scale is small, but the yield per unit is high, the comprehensive suitability index CSI =2.4, and the sugarcane belongs to the sugarcane production suitable area.
Example 3
The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the comprehensive suitability index in the embodiment is used for planting zoning in Yunnan Guannan sugarcane area, the specific method is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the results are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 evaluation results of comprehensive suitability of Guannan sugarcane production
As can be seen from table 5, the photo-thermal conditions of the southern sugarcane area are general, the annual extreme temperature is low, freezing damage occurs sometimes, the precipitation amount is insufficient, the soil fertility is moderate, the sugarcane planting scale is moderate, the yield potential is moderate, the comprehensive suitability index CSI =3.4, and the southern sugarcane area belongs to the sugarcane production sub-optimum area.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A sugarcane planting zoning method based on comprehensive suitability index is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1) evaluation of natural climate conditions
The evaluation of natural climate conditions includes: evaluating the total solar radiation annual value based on sunshine hours; temperature evaluation based on daily maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation;
the solar total radiation annual value evaluation is carried out as follows:
firstly, the total solar radiation daily value is calculated according to the formula (1), wherein Rs is the total solar radiation on the daily surface and MJ/m 2 (ii) a Ra is total sun radiation in clear sky, MJ/m 2 (ii) a n is sunshine hours, h; n is day length, h; a and b are model empirical coefficients;
then, the solar total radiation year value is calculated according to the formula (2), whereiniIs in the order of the days; rs (Rs) i In the sequence ofiTotal solar radiation on the daily surface of the day MJ/m 2 (ii) a Rad is the cumulative value of total solar radiation for 365 days of the year, namely the annual value of total solar radiation, MJ/m 2 (ii) a According to RadSize by solar radiation suitability index SSI _Rad Assigning;
the temperature evaluation based on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures was performed as follows:
the daily maximum and minimum temperatures of a regional multi-year ground climate data daily value data set are used for calculating the following indexes: the annual average temperature Tav is not less than 20 ℃ accumulated temperature Tt, the annual extreme minimum temperature Tm and the gas Wen Ri are poor Tr; temperature suitability index SSI is carried out according to the sizes of Tav, tt, tm and Tr _Tav 、SSI _Tt 、SSI _Tm And SSI _Tr Assigning values of (1);
the annual precipitation evaluation based on daily precipitation was performed as follows:
calculating annual precipitation amount Pre by using daily precipitation amount of a multi-year ground climate data daily value data set in the region, and entering annual precipitation amount appropriateness index SSI according to Pre size _Pre Assigning;
step (2), evaluation of soil water and fertilizer conditions
The soil water and fertilizer condition evaluation comprises soil moisture evaluation and soil fertility evaluation, wherein the soil moisture evaluation comprises the following steps: sampling typical soil in a local sugarcane area to a sampling depth of 0-60cm, measuring soil field sustaining and wilting water content, calculating effective soil water content SAW, and performing soil moisture fitness index SSI according to SAW size _SAW Assigning; the soil fertility was evaluated as: sampling typical soil in a sugarcane area to a sampling depth of 0-20cm, measuring contents of organic matters, total nitrogen, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, grading according to a soil nutrient grading standard in the sugarcane area, and performing soil nutrient suitability index SSI according to a grading condition SNL _SNL Assigning;
step (3) evaluation of sugarcane production potential
The evaluation of the production potential of the sugarcane comprises the following steps: evaluating the planting scale and the sugarcane stalk yield; wherein, the planting scale evaluation is as follows: collecting sugarcane planting area data of the region in nearly 3 years, calculating perennial sugarcane planting area SPA through average value, and performing planting scale suitability SSI according to the SPA size _SPA Assigning; the cane stalk yield is evaluated as follows: based on local multi-year ground climate data daily data set and sugarcane area soil water and fertilizer conditions, the sugarcane is referenced to have high yield and high yieldRelevant management measures of Sugar standardized production are realized by simulating the average sugarcane stalk yield TCH of local sugarcane main cultivars for many years by using an APSIM-Sugar model, and the cane stalk yield appropriateness SSI is carried out according to the TCH size _TCH Assigning;
zoning sugarcane planting based on comprehensive suitability index
The comprehensive sugarcane production suitability index CSI is calculated according to the following formula:
Sequentially assigning single-item suitability degree values of the annual value of total solar radiation, the annual average temperature, the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 20 ℃, the annual extreme lowest temperature, the temperature day worse, the annual rainfall capacity, the effective soil moisture content, the soil nutrient grade, the planting scale and the cane stem yield; when the CSI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, the area is the most suitable area for sugarcane production; when 2< -CSI is less than or equal to 3, the area is a sugarcane production suitable area; when 3< -CSI is less than or equal to 5, the area is a sugarcane production sub-optimal area.
2. The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the integrated suitability index as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the default values of a and b are 0.25 and 0.5 respectively, or the values of a and b are corrected by adopting the formulas (3) and (4):
a = 1.57×10 -5 ×H + 0.1705 (3)；
b = 2.01×10 -5 ×H + 0.5416 (4)；
wherein H is the local altitude, m.
3. The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the integrated suitability index as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step (1), SSI is achieved when Rad is greater than or equal to 5000 _Rad =1；5000>SSI when Rad is more than or equal to 4000 _Rad =3；Rad<At 4000 hours, SSI _Rad =5；
SSI when Tav is not less than 20 _Tav =1；20>SSI when Tav is not less than 15 _Tav =3；Tav<15 hours, SSI _Tav =5,tav units;
SSI at Tt ≥ 5000 _Tt =1；5000>SSI when Tt is greater than or equal to 3000 _Tt =3；Tt<At 3000 hours, SSI _Tt =5,tt units ℃ · d;
SSI when Tm is not less than-2 _Tm = 1；-4≤Tm<At time-2, SSI _Tm = 3；Tm<At time-4, SSI _Tm (ii) =5,tm units;
SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 12 _Tr =1；12>SSI when Tr is greater than or equal to 10 _Tr = 3；Tr<At 10 hours, SSI _Tr (iii) =5,tr units;
SSI is not less than 1500 and not more than Pre and not more than 2000 _Pre =1；1000≤Pre<1500 or 2000 of<SSI when Pre is less than or equal to 2500 _Pre =3；Pre>2500 or Pre<At 1000 hours, SSI _Pre =5; pre is in mm.
4. The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the integrated suitability index as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step (2), SSI is determined when SAW is not less than 20 _SAW =1；20>SSI when SAW is greater than or equal to 10 _SAW =3；SAW<At 10 hours, SSI _SAW =5; SAW unit is%; SNL =1-2 for high nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =1; SNL =3 medium nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =3; SNL =4-6 for low nutrient soil, SSI _SNL =5。
5. The sugarcane planting zoning method based on the integrated suitability index as claimed in claim 1, wherein: SSI in step (3) when SPA is not less than 20000 _SPA =1；20000>SSI when SPA is not less than 10000 _SPA =3；SPA<10000 hours, SSI _SPA H in units of h in an amount of =5,SPA 2 (ii) a SSI when TCH is greater than or equal to 90 _TCH =1；90>SSI when TCH is greater than or equal to 60 _TCH =3；TCH<60 hours, SSI _TCH =5, TCH unit is t/hm 2 。
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