CN109853493B - Pump valve pipeline type fish passing method - Google Patents
Pump valve pipeline type fish passing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109853493B CN109853493B CN201910242970.5A CN201910242970A CN109853493B CN 109853493 B CN109853493 B CN 109853493B CN 201910242970 A CN201910242970 A CN 201910242970A CN 109853493 B CN109853493 B CN 109853493B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pump valve pipeline type fish passing method.A fish inducing water flow speed is formed in a fish collecting cavity and at a fish inlet through a water pump so as to induce downstream fish to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet; closing the gate after finishing fish luring, and collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into the transition cavity of the pressure transition bin; after the fish collection is finished, water in an upstream reservoir is injected into the transition cavity and the fish passing pipeline through the water injection pipeline, and the pressure in the transition cavity is increased; leading the fish in the transition cavity into a fish passing pipeline in a boosting mode, and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is level to the water level of the reservoir to prepare for passing the fish; the fish passing flow speed is generated through the drainage pipeline and the first flow control valve on the drainage pipeline, so that hydraulic fish passing is realized. The floor area is small, the construction cost is low, and the water consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish passing methods, in particular to a pump valve pipeline type fish passing method.
Background
In order to meet the requirements of flood control, power generation, water supply, navigation and the like, people often build water conservancy facilities such as a river dam, a power station and the like in a river. These facilities destroy the connectivity of the original river, cause the fragmentation of the ecological environment of the river, block the migration channel of aquatic animals and plants such as fish in the river, cause the loss or change of habitat, and lead to the reduction and even the extinction of the fish.
Under the large environment that ecological civilization construction is advocated vigorously, fish passing facilities such as fishways, fish gates and fish elevators are not only a hydraulic engineering, but also a compensatory engineering of ecological benefit to the people, and play a vital role in slowing down the separation influence of dams, recovering the original ecological environment of riverways and protecting the variety of river species. Therefore, on the basis of fully knowing and knowing the research and construction development conditions of the fishway, an improvement method and measures are provided, the design level of fish passing facilities is improved, the effective fruit of fish passing is improved, and the method and the device have important significance for protecting river ecology and promoting the sustainable development of water conservancy and hydropower.
At present, fish is passed by adopting a mode of preventing a natural bypass channel type fishway, and fish is passed by adopting a fish gate, a fish lifting machine or a fish collecting and transporting system, but by adopting the fish passing method, the occupied area is large, the construction cost is high, or the consumption of water is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, a pump valve pipeline type fish passing method which is small in occupied area, low in construction cost and low in water consumption is needed.
A pump valve pipeline type fish passing method comprises the following steps:
forming a fish luring water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet through a water pump so as to lure downstream fish to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet;
closing the gate after finishing fish luring, and collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into the transition cavity of the pressure transition bin;
after the fish collection is finished, water in an upstream reservoir is injected into the transition cavity and the fish passing pipeline through the water injection pipeline, and the pressure in the transition cavity is increased;
leading the fish in the transition cavity into a fish passing pipeline in a boosting mode and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is level to the water level of the reservoir to prepare for passing the fish;
the fish passing flow speed is generated through the drainage pipeline and the first flow control valve on the drainage pipeline, so that hydraulic fish passing is realized.
In one embodiment, the step of forming the fish luring water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet through the water pump specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water flows into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline and forms a fish luring water flow speed at the fish inlet.
In one embodiment, the step of guiding the fish in the transition chamber into the fish passing pipeline in a pressure boosting manner and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is flush with a water level of the reservoir further comprises:
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline and fills the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline.
In one embodiment, in the process of realizing hydraulic fish passing, the water flow of the upstream reservoir flows into the fish collecting cavity from the top end of the fish passing pipeline through the transition cavity and the drainage pipeline, and the fish luring water flow speed is formed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet.
In one embodiment, after hydraulic fish passing is completed, the second valve at the top end of the fish passing pipeline is closed, water stored in the fish passing pipeline flows into the fish collecting cavity from the transition cavity and the drainage pipeline, and the water flow speed for attracting fish is formed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet.
In one embodiment, the process of realizing hydraulic fish passing further comprises the following steps:
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water is filled into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline, and a fish luring water flow speed is formed in the fish collecting cavity and the fish inlet so as to lure fish at the downstream to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet.
In one embodiment, the step of collecting the fish in the fish collecting chamber into the transition chamber of the pressure transition chamber specifically comprises:
opening a first valve between the first outlet and the second inlet;
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a sixth valve located on the first pipe;
and opening the water pump between the fifth valve and the sixth valve, wherein the water pump is a bidirectional pump, and the bidirectional pump pumps water reversely, so that the water in the transition cavity is pumped out and is discharged into the downstream through one end of the first pipeline.
In one embodiment, water and fish in the fish collecting cavity are guided to flow to the transition cavity through the flow guiding slope formed at the bottom of the fish collecting bin.
In one embodiment, one end of the first conduit is intercepted by a first grating, preventing downstream fish from entering the first conduit; and/or
The fifth valve, the water pump, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are overhauled by closing the overhauling valve; and/or
Intercepting the first inlet of the fish collecting cavity through the second grating to prevent the fish in the fish collecting cavity from escaping; and/or
The bottom of the pressure transition bin is intercepted through the third grating, and the fish in the transition cavity is prevented from escaping.
In one embodiment, when the fish gathering bin needs to be overhauled, a first access door is opened, and a movable pump is adopted to drain the fish gathering bin for overhauling; and/or
When the water injection pipeline needs to be overhauled, the second access door is closed to overhaul.
The pump valve pipeline type fish passing method at least has the following advantages:
forming a fish luring water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet through a water pump so as to lure downstream fish to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet; closing the gate after finishing fish luring, and collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into the transition cavity of the pressure transition bin; after the fish collection is finished, water in an upstream reservoir is injected into the transition cavity and the fish passing pipeline through the water injection pipeline, and the pressure in the transition cavity is increased; leading the fish in the transition cavity into a fish passing pipeline in a boosting mode, and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is level to the water level of the reservoir to prepare for passing the fish; the fish passing flow speed is generated through the drainage pipeline and the first flow control valve on the drainage pipeline, so that hydraulic fish passing is realized.
The fish is attracted into the fish collecting cavity through the water pump, when the number of the fish reaches a specific number, the fish in the fish collecting cavity is forcibly guided into the transition cavity and guided to the upstream reservoir through the transition cavity, and therefore the fish collecting cabin and the pressure transition cabin are small in size. And the fish is passed through by adopting a pump valve pipeline type, and the pipeline can be laid underground or on the ground, so that the occupied area is very small, the adaptability to the terrain is very strong, the restriction of the terrain condition is almost eliminated, and the site selection and the arrangement of the project are easy. And long-distance gentle slope channels, heavy water gates and opening and closing equipment are not needed, complex structural design and expensive lifting equipment are not needed, and the construction cost is reduced. By the combined dispatching of the fish collecting bin and the pressure transition bin, fish attraction and fish dam crossing can be synchronously realized, fish can be concentrated in different bins and in a secondary concentration manner, continuous drainage required by continuous fish attraction is avoided, and water consumption is saved; the distance from the river to the fish collecting bin is short, and the fish can be attracted to the fish collecting bin and then concentrated to the pressure transition bin only by a small amount of water; the distance from the pressure transition bin to the top end of the fish passing pipeline is longer, the distance from the pressure transition bin to the top end of the fish passing pipeline is not induced by water power, water injection and pressure boosting are adopted, and the fish is guided to move towards the upper part of the pipeline through the adaptation of the fish to the water pressure, so that only water with the volume of the pipeline is needed, and the water consumption is greatly saved; when the top end of the fish passing pipeline is close to the reservoir area, the fish can be guided into the reservoir area only by short-time small flow, so that the water using efficiency of passing the fish is improved, and the water using amount of passing the fish is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a pump-valve pipeline fish-passing method according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a pump-valve pipeline fish pass facility;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 shows the piping type fish-passing facility of the pump valve shown in FIG. 3 in a fish attracting state;
FIG. 5 shows the pump-valve pipeline fish-passing facility of FIG. 3 in a fish-gathering state;
FIG. 6 shows the pump valve pipeline type fish passing facility shown in FIG. 3 in a state of pressure rise in the pressure transition bin and water filling into the fish collecting bin;
FIG. 7 shows the pump valve pipeline type fish passing facility shown in FIG. 3 in a state where the pressure in the pressure transition bin is increased and the water in the fish collecting bin is filled;
fig. 8 shows the pump-valve pipeline type fish passing facility in fig. 3 in the hydraulic fish passing and re-luring state.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for passing fish through a pipeline by using a pump valve in one embodiment includes the following steps:
s110, forming a fish luring water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet through the water pump so as to lure downstream fish to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet.
And S120, closing the gate after the fish luring is finished, and collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into the transition cavity of the pressure transition bin.
S130, after the fish collection is finished, water in the upstream reservoir is injected into the transition cavity and the fish passing pipeline through the water injection pipeline, and the pressure in the transition cavity is increased.
And S140, guiding the fish in the transition cavity into the fish passing pipeline in a boosting mode, and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is flush with the water level of the reservoir to prepare for passing the fish.
S150, generating fish passing flow speed through the drainage pipeline and the first flow control valve on the drainage pipeline, and realizing hydraulic fish passing.
The fish is attracted into the fish collecting cavity through the water pump, when the number of the fish reaches a specific number, the fish in the fish collecting cavity is forcibly guided into the transition cavity and guided to the upstream reservoir through the transition cavity, and therefore the fish collecting cabin and the pressure transition cabin are small in size. And the fish is passed through by adopting a pump valve pipeline type, and the pipeline can be laid underground or on the ground, so that the occupied area is very small, the adaptability to the terrain is very strong, the restriction of the terrain condition is almost eliminated, and the site selection and the arrangement of the project are easy. And long-distance gentle slope channels, heavy water gates and opening and closing equipment are not needed, complex structural design and expensive lifting equipment are not needed, and the construction cost is reduced. The fish attracting and the fish passing through the dam are realized through the fish collecting bin and the pressure transition bin, the fish is intensively filtered in different bins and in a secondary mode, the continuous drainage required by the continuous fish attracting is avoided, and the water consumption is saved; the distance from the river to the fish collecting bin is short, and the fish can be attracted to the fish collecting bin and then concentrated to the pressure transition bin only by a small amount of water; the distance from the pressure transition bin to the top end of the fish passing pipeline is longer, the distance from the pressure transition bin to the top end of the fish passing pipeline is not induced by water power, water injection and pressure boosting are adopted, and the fish is guided to move towards the upper part of the pipeline through the adaptation of the fish to the water pressure, so that only water with the volume of the pipeline is needed, and the water consumption is greatly saved; when the top end of the fish passing pipeline is close to the reservoir area, the fish can be guided into the reservoir area only by short-time small flow, so that the water using efficiency of passing the fish is improved, and the water using amount of passing the fish is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the fish-passing method will be further described in conjunction with an embodiment of the pump-valve pipeline fish-passing facility to facilitate understanding of the solution. It should be noted, however, that the solutions shown in fig. 2 and 3 do not limit the scope of the fish-passing method.
Specifically, the pump-valve pipeline type fish passing facility 10 shown in fig. 2 and 3 includes a fish collecting bin 100, a gate 200, a pressure transition bin 300, a fish passing pipeline 400, a fish luring structure 500, a water injection pipeline 600 and a drainage pipeline 700.
The fish collecting bin 100 is provided with a fish inlet 110, a first outlet 120 and a first inlet 130, a fish collecting cavity 140 is formed in the fish collecting bin 100, and the fish collecting cavity 140 is communicated with the fish inlet 110, the first outlet 120 and the first inlet 130. Fish downstream 20 may enter fish collection chamber 140 through fish inlet 110. The height of the fish collecting chamber 100 is higher than that of the pressure transition chamber 300, so that the bottom of the fish collecting chamber 100 is provided with the guide slope 150, the guide slope 150 is inclined downwards relative to the horizontal plane, water and fish in the fish collecting chamber 140 are guided to flow into the transition chamber 340 through the guide slope 150, and the water and fish in the fish collecting chamber 140 can conveniently flow out through the first outlet 120 and enter the pressure transition chamber 300. The second grating 160 is disposed at the first inlet 130, and the second grating 160 can effectively prevent the fish in the fish-collecting chamber 140 from escaping from the first inlet 130.
In the embodiment, the fish collecting bin 100 can be formed by pouring concrete, so that the process is simple and the cost is low. The fish collecting chamber 100 is mainly used for collecting fish, and when the number of fish in the fish collecting chamber 140 reaches a specific number, the gate 200 is closed to complete the fish collecting operation. For example, the amount of fish collected can be calculated by a counter to be about 200 pieces, and the gate 200 is closed.
The gate 200 is openably and closably installed between the fish inlet 110 and the fish collecting chamber 140. A first access door 201 is arranged between the gate 200 and the fish inlet 110. When the fish gathering bin needs to be overhauled, the first access door 201 is opened, and the fish gathering bin 100 is overhauled after water is drained by the aid of the movable pump. When attracting fish, the gate 200 is opened and the fish enters the fish collecting chamber 140 from the fish inlet 110. Specifically, the pump-valve pipeline fish-passing facility 10 further includes a gate hoist 210, and the gate hoist 210 is used to open or close the gate 200.
The pressure transition bin 300 has a second inlet 310, a fish outlet 320 and a water outlet 330, a transition chamber 340 is formed in the pressure transition bin 300, and the transition chamber 340 is communicated with the second inlet 310, the fish outlet 320 and the water outlet 330. The second inlet 310 can be in communication with the first outlet 120, with a first valve 301 disposed between the second inlet 310 and the first outlet 120. When the first valve 301 is opened, the second inlet 310 is communicated with the first outlet 120, water and fish in the fish collecting cavity 140 freely flow into the transition cavity 340, and meanwhile, the transition cavity 340 discharges water outside through the water discharge port 330, so that the concentration ratio of the fish is improved, and the pressure transition bin 300 is smaller in volume and occupied area. When the first valve 301 is closed, the second inlet 310 is not in communication with the first outlet 120.
In this embodiment, the second inlet 310 is not higher than the first outlet 120, so that it is effectively ensured that water and fish in the fish collecting chamber 140 can freely flow into the transition chamber 340 when the first valve 301 is opened. The top of the pressure transition chamber 300 is tapered, e.g., tapered, to a size that is closer to the bottom inlet of the fish conduit 400, so as to facilitate the fish in the transition chamber 340 to smoothly find the bottom inlet of the fish conduit 400. The bottom of pressure transition bin 300 is positioned below the bottom of fish collection bin 100 to ensure that fish and water flowing into transition chamber 340 cannot flow from second inlet 310 into fish collection chamber 140. The bottom of the pressure transition bin 300 is further provided with a third grating 350, and the third grating 350 is arranged corresponding to the water outlet 330, so that the third grating 350 can effectively prevent the fish in the transition chamber 340 from escaping from the water outlet 330.
In the embodiment, the fish collecting bin 100 and the pressure transition bin 300 can be integrally formed, and both are formed by pouring concrete, so that the process is simple, and the cost is reduced. The fish collecting bin 100 and the pressure transition bin 300 in the embodiment have small volumes and small occupied areas.
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, the step S120 of collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into the transition cavity of the pressure transition bin specifically includes:
a first valve between the first outlet and the second inlet is opened.
A fifth valve located on the first conduit is opened.
Opening a sixth valve located on the first conduit. The order of the above three steps may not be limited.
And opening the water pump between the fifth valve and the sixth valve, wherein the water pump is a bidirectional pump, and the bidirectional pump pumps water reversely, so that the water in the transition cavity is pumped out and is discharged into the downstream through one end of the first pipeline. Therefore, the volume of the pressure transition bin can be effectively reduced, and the occupied area of the whole fish passing facility is further reduced. Of course, in other embodiments, when the volume of the pressure transition bin is large enough, the fifth valve and the sixth valve may be omitted, and the water pump is not needed to pump out the water in the transition chamber.
The fish passing pipeline 400 comprises a bottom end and a top end which are oppositely arranged, the bottom end is communicated with the fish outlet 320, the top end is used for penetrating through the dam 30 and is communicated with the reservoir 40, a second valve 401 is arranged on the top end, and the second valve 401 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the top end of the fish passing pipeline 400. The fish passing pipeline 400 is used for passing fish, so that the fish can smoothly move during pressure boosting, and therefore the fish needs to monotonically rise from bottom to top and meet the size requirement of the fish.
In this embodiment, the pump-valve pipeline type fish passing facility 10 further includes a buttress for supporting or fixing the fish passing pipeline 400 and/or an expansion joint for supporting the fish passing pipeline 400. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the pump-valve-in-line fish filer facility 10 includes 4 piers 430 spaced apart.
The fish attracting structure 500 includes a water pump capable of attracting fish of the downstream 20 rivers into the fish collecting chamber 140 through the fish inlet 110. Specifically, the water pump is a bi-directional pump 510. The fish luring structure 500 further comprises a first pipeline 520 and a second pipeline 530, wherein one end of the first pipeline 520 is used for communicating with the downstream 20 river, and the other end of the first pipeline is communicated with the pressure transition bin 300 through the water outlet 330. Specifically, the bidirectional pump 510 introduces water from the downstream river into the fish collecting chamber 140 through the first pipe 520, the second pipe 530 and the first inlet 130, and forms a fish attracting water flow in the fish collecting chamber 140 and the fish inlet 110, so as to attract the fish into the fish collecting chamber 140 through the fish inlet 110.
For example, one end of the first pipe 520 is further provided with a first grill 521, and the first grill 521 is used to prevent fish from entering the first pipe 520 to block the first pipe 520. Specifically, a first grid 521 is provided at the intersection of the first conduit 520 and the downstream river.
Both ends of the water injection pipeline 600 are communicated with the fish passing pipeline 400, a third valve 601 is arranged in the water injection pipeline 600, and the third valve 601 is connected with the second valve 401 in parallel. The diameter of the water injection pipe 600 is smaller than that of the fish passing pipe 400. Further, the water injection pipeline 600 is further provided with a vacuum breaker valve 602, and the vacuum breaker valve 602 is communicated with the fish passing pipeline 400, and is mainly used for being automatically opened when the fish passing pipeline 400 generates negative pressure or vacuum gradually rises to break a vacuum effect, so that the fish passing pipeline 400 and other equipment cannot generate concave cracks and the like, and the safety of the fish passing pipeline 400 is protected.
One end of the drainage pipe 700 is connected to the drainage outlet 330, and the other end is connected to the first inlet 130, and the drainage pipe 700 is provided with a fourth valve 701. Further, the first flow control valve 702 is further arranged on the drainage pipeline 700, the first flow control valve 702 is used for controlling the flow rate in the drainage pipeline 700 and the fish passing pipeline 400, and the first flow control valve 702 is connected in series with the fourth valve 701, so that the favorite flow rate of the fish generated in the fish passing pipeline 400 during fish passing is ensured, and the purposes of attracting and passing the fish are achieved.
The other end of the first conduit 520 is in communication with the pressure surge bin 300 via the drain 330. The other end of the first conduit 520 is below the downstream 20 river, the bottom of the fish collection bin 100 and the bottom design of the pressure transition bin 300. A fifth valve 501 and a sixth valve 502 are disposed in the first pipe 520, and the bidirectional pump 510 is disposed between the fifth valve 501 and the sixth valve 502. One end of the drain conduit 700 is located between the sixth valve 502 and the drain port 330 and is in communication with the first conduit 520, and the other end is in communication with the first inlet 130. As shown in fig. 2, the bi-directional pump 510 can pump water to the left or to the right (it should be noted that the left and right are only illustrated by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the present solution).
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, the step S110 of forming the fish inducing water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet by the water pump specifically includes:
a fifth valve located on the first conduit is opened.
Opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit.
The water pump on the first pipe is turned on. The sequence of the above three steps may not be limited.
The water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water flows into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline and forms a fish luring water flow speed at the fish inlet. Therefore, the fish luring step and the fish passing step can be mutually independent by the mode that the water pump forms the fish luring water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet, so that the fish luring and passing efficiency is improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the fish can be lured by other modes which can realize the speed of the water pump for generating the fish luring water flow.
The pump-valve pipeline type fish passing facility 10 further comprises a service valve 503, wherein the service valve 503 is arranged on the first pipeline 520 and is positioned on one side of the fifth valve 501 far away from the bidirectional pump 510. When the fifth valve 501 or the bi-directional pump 510 needs to be serviced, the service valve 503 may be closed.
One end of the second pipe 530 can communicate with the first pipe 520 and is located between the bidirectional pump 510 and the sixth valve 502, the other end of the second pipe 530 can communicate with the drain pipe 700 and is located between the first inlet 130 and the fourth valve 701, and the second pipe 530 is provided with the seventh valve 504. One end of the second pipe 530 is lower than the downstream 20 river channel, the bottom of the fish gathering bin 100 and the bottom design of the pressure transition bin 300, and the other end of the second pipe 530 is lower than the bottom design of the fish gathering bin 100.
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, in the process of guiding the fish in the transition chamber into the fish passing pipeline in a pressure boosting manner and rising until the water head in the fish passing pipeline is flush with the water level of the reservoir in step S140, the method further includes:
a fifth valve located on the first conduit is opened.
Opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit.
The water pump on the first pipe is turned on. The order between the above three steps may not be limited.
The water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline and fills the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline. Since the water and the fish in the fish collecting chamber flow into the transition chamber after step S120, the fish collecting chamber is empty, and therefore, it is necessary to fill the fish collecting chamber with water to prepare for the next fish luring. Of course, in other embodiments, other modes can be used to fill the fish collecting cavity with water by the water pump.
Further, the fish attracting structure 500 further includes a spare bidirectional pump 510 'and a spare fifth valve 501', and the spare bidirectional pump 510 'is connected in series with the spare fifth valve 501' and then is arranged in parallel with the bidirectional pump 510 and the fifth valve 501. When the bidirectional pump 510 and the fifth valve 501 fail, the standby bidirectional pump 510 'and the standby fifth valve 501' can be started to ensure that fish passing can be smoothly carried out.
The pump-valve ducted fish installation 10 further comprises a second access door 410, the second access door 410 being located at a port at the top end of the fish duct 400. The second access door 410 may be closed when access to the second valve 401 or the third valve 601 or the water injection line 600 is required.
Further, the top end of the fish passing pipeline 400 comprises at least two fish passing sections 420 connected in parallel, the fish passing sections 420 are communicated with the reservoir 40 through the dam 30, and the second valve 401 is arranged on the fish passing sections 420. Correspondingly, each fish passing section 420 is correspondingly provided with a water injection pipeline 600 connected with the second valve 401 in parallel, two ends of the water injection pipeline 600 are communicated with the fish passing pipeline 400, a third valve 601 is arranged in the water injection pipeline 600, and the third valve 601 is connected with the second valve 401 in parallel.
For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the number of fish passing sections 420 is two, and the two fish passing sections 420 are located at different heights of the dam 30, so that the fish passing sections 420 close to the water surface of the reservoir 40 can be preferentially used corresponding to different water depths, thereby improving applicability. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of fish passage sections 420 may be one, three, four, etc.
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, in the process of realizing hydraulic fish passing, the water flow of the upstream reservoir flows into the fish collecting cavity from the top end of the fish passing pipeline through the transition cavity and the discharge pipeline, and forms the fish luring water flow velocity in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet. Therefore, the water flow flowing down from the fish passing pipeline when the water passes through the fish can be effectively utilized, and the utilization rate of the water is further improved.
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, after the fish passing by water power is finished, the second valve at the top end of the fish passing pipeline is closed, the water stored in the fish passing pipeline flows into the fish collecting cavity from the transition cavity and the drainage pipeline, and the water flow speed for attracting the fish is formed in the fish collecting cavity and the fish inlet. This is suitable for use when the water depth downstream is shallow, and the stored water passing through the fish pipeline can provide enough flow velocity for attracting fish.
In the fish passing method shown in fig. 1, the process of realizing hydraulic fish passing further comprises the following steps:
a fifth valve located on the first conduit is opened.
Opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit.
The water pump on the first pipe is turned on. The order of the above three steps may not be limited.
The water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water is filled into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline, and a fish luring water flow speed is formed in the fish collecting cavity and the fish inlet so as to lure fish at the downstream to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet. This kind of condition is applicable to when the low reaches depth of water is deep, can not satisfy through passing the fish pipeline and provide sufficient big velocity of flow for attracting fish, need be supplied by the water pump.
The concrete working principle of the pump valve pipeline type fish passing facility 10 is as follows:
in the initial state, the gate 200 is closed, the first flow rate control valve 702 is opened, and the first valve 301, the second valve 401, the third valve 601, the fourth valve 701, the fifth valve 501, the sixth valve 502, and the seventh valve 504 are closed.
Referring to fig. 3, during fish luring, the gate 200 is opened, the fifth valve 501 is opened, the seventh valve 504 is opened, and the bidirectional pump 510 is opened to pump water to the right. The water in the downstream 20 flows to the fish collecting cavity 140 through the first pipeline 520, the second pipeline 530 and the first inlet 130 in sequence, the favorite flow velocity of the fish is formed in the fish collecting cavity 140 and the fish inlet 110, and the fish is attracted to the fish collecting cavity 140 from the river 20 in the downstream.
When luring fish, the water level of the fish inlet 110 is constantly changed, so the water pump is suitable to be matched with a variable frequency motor. Through the regulation of inverter motor power to realize under the different water level circumstances, fish collection chamber 140 and advance fish mouth 110 homoenergetic and obtain the favorite velocity of flow of fish. After finishing fish luring, the gate 200 is closed, the bidirectional pump 510 and the fifth valve 501 are closed, and the fish in the fish collecting cavity 140 is prevented from escaping.
Referring to fig. 4, the first valve 301, the sixth valve 502, the bidirectional pump 510 and the fifth valve 501 are opened, the bidirectional pump 510 pumps water to the left, the fish and water in the fish collecting cavity 140 flow from the first outlet 120 to the second inlet 310 and enter the transition cavity 340, the water level of the pressure transition bin 300 is kept not higher than the bottom level of the first inlet 310, and fish collecting in the transition bin is performed. The pressure transition bin 300 can be drained outwards by the bidirectional pump 510 and drained down to the downstream 20 rivers via one end of the first pipe 520, so the pressure transition bin 300 does not have to be larger than the volume of the fish collection bin 100. In other embodiments, the volume of the pressure transition bin 300 may also be equal to or greater than the volume of the fish collection bin 100, in which case it may not be necessary to drain water out through the bi-directional pump 510.
After the fish is harvested, the sixth valve 502 and the bi-directional pump 510 are closed. Specifically, after the fish is collected in the transition bin, the sixth valve 502 is preferably closed again 3 to 5 minutes after the bidirectional pump 510 is turned off, so that the water flow of the downstream 20 rivers flows freely to and fills the pressure transition bin 300 through the first pipeline 520 under the action of the dead weight, thereby reducing the impact influence of the water flow falling from the fish passing pipeline 400 on the fish in the pressure transition bin 300.
Referring to fig. 5, the pressure in the pressure transition chamber 300 is increased, and the fish in the transition chamber 340 is guided into the fish passing pipe 400 and is raised, so as to pass the fish under pressure. Specifically, by opening the third valve 601, water from the reservoir 40 is injected through the fish conduit 400 via the water injection conduit 600 and gradually fills the transition chamber 340 and the fish conduit 400, and the fish population adapts to the upward movement of water pressure as the water level rises. Because the diameter of the water injection pipeline 600 is small, the filling process that the water injection pipeline 600 flows to the fish passing pipeline 400 is slow, so that the damage to the fish school in the transition cavity 340 can be effectively prevented, and the upstream of the inlet of the fish passing pipeline 400 can be found in sufficient time for the fish school.
And the fish collecting chamber 140 is filled with water. Specifically, when the seventh valve 504 is opened, and the fifth valve 501 is also opened, the water in the downstream 20 rivers can freely flow from one end of the first pipe 520 to the second pipe 530, and flows into the fish collecting cavity 140 from the first inlet 130, so that the fish collecting cavity 140 is gradually filled, and the pressure difference of the gate 200 is gradually reduced. The bi-directional pump 510 may also be activated to pump water to the right, speeding up the filling process.
Referring to fig. 6, when the pressure in the transition chamber 340 is increased, i.e. the pressure head is level with the water level in the reservoir 40, the third valve 601 is closed. At this time, the water level in the fish passage 400 reaches the top end of the fish passage 400, i.e., the pressure head in the fish passage 400 rises to the water level of the reservoir 40. The second valve 401 is opened and the fish is ready. Simultaneously, the gate 200 is opened and the bidirectional pump 510 is opened to prepare for re-attracting fish.
Referring to fig. 7, water is passed through the fish while attracting the fish. The fourth valve 701 is opened, and the hydraulic flow rate in the fish passing pipeline 400 is controlled through the first flow control valve 702, so that hydraulic fish passing is realized. At the same time, the water flowing into the fish collecting chamber 140 from the drainage pipe 700 also forms a fish luring flow velocity, and lures the fish again. When the water depth of the downstream 20 is larger and the water flow flowing out of the drainage pipeline 700 can not provide enough fish luring flow rate for the fish luring, the bidirectional pump 510 and the fifth valve 501 are opened, the bidirectional pump pumps water to the right, and the fish luring flow rate is complemented to achieve the purpose of fish luring. When the fish passing pipe 400 passes fish by water power, the flow rate in the fish passing pipe 400 is controlled by the first flow control valve 702, so the flow capacity of the first flow control valve 702 should meet the requirement of the designed flow rate (i.e. the favorite flow rate of fish) of the fish passing pipe 400, so as to meet the effect of passing fish by water power. After the fish luring is finished, the steps are sequentially repeated, and the processes of fish luring, fish gathering and fish passing are circularly performed for many times.
The fish collecting bin 100 and the pressure transition bin 300 of the pump-valve pipeline type fish passing facility 10 are small in size, and the fish is passed through the pipeline, and the pipeline can be laid underground or on the ground, so that the occupied area is very small, the adaptability to the terrain is very strong, the restriction of the terrain condition is almost avoided, and the site selection and the arrangement of the project are easy. And long-distance gentle slope channels, heavy water gates and opening and closing equipment are not needed, complex structural design and expensive lifting equipment are not needed, and the construction cost is reduced. The fish is passed through the pipeline, the water passing section of the pipeline is small, and the flow rate is low, so that the flow is small; fish attraction and fish dam crossing can be synchronously realized through the combined dispatching of the fish collecting bin and the pressure transition bin; fish are filtered in different bins and concentrated for the second time, so that continuous drainage required by continuous fish luring is avoided, and water consumption is saved; the distance from the river to the fish collecting bin 100 is short, and only a small amount of water is needed to attract the fish to the fish collecting bin 100 and then to be concentrated to the pressure transition bin 300; the distance from the pressure transition bin 300 to the top end of the fish passing pipeline 400 is long, the distance from the fish to the top end is not induced by water power, water injection and pressure boosting are adopted, and the fish is guided to move to the upper part of the pipeline through adaptation of the fish to water pressure, so that only water in one pipeline volume is needed, and the water consumption is greatly saved; when the top end of the fish passing pipeline 400 is reached and is close to the reservoir area, the fish can be guided to enter the reservoir area only by short-time small flow, and the fish passing abandoned water is reused when attracting the fish, so that the fish passing water utilization efficiency is improved, and the fish passing water consumption is greatly reduced.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A pump valve pipeline type fish passing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming fish luring water flow speed in a fish collecting cavity of the fish collecting bin and a fish inlet of the fish collecting bin through a water pump, wherein the fish collecting cavity is communicated with the fish inlet;
or after hydraulic fish passing is finished, closing a second valve at the top end of the fish passing pipeline, wherein the bottom end of the fish passing pipeline is communicated with a fish outlet of the pressure transition bin, the top end of the fish passing pipeline is communicated with the reservoir by penetrating through the dam, stored water in the fish passing pipeline flows into the transition cavity in the pressure transition bin from the fish outlet and flows into a drainage pipeline from the transition cavity, and the drainage pipeline is communicated with the fish collecting cavity, so that the stored water in the fish passing pipeline flows into the fish collecting cavity, and fish luring water flow velocity is formed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet so as to lure fishes at the downstream to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet;
after finishing fish luring, closing a gate arranged between the fish inlet and the fish collecting cavity, and collecting the fish in the fish collecting cavity into a transition cavity of the pressure transition cavity through a flow guide slope formed at the bottom of the fish collecting cavity;
after fish collection is finished, water in an upstream reservoir is injected into the transition cavity and the fish passing pipeline through a water injection pipeline, and two ends of the water injection pipeline are communicated with the fish passing pipeline to improve the pressure in the transition cavity;
leading the fish in the transition cavity into a fish passing pipeline in a boosting mode and rising until a water head in the fish passing pipeline is level to the water level of the reservoir to prepare for passing the fish;
the fish passing flow speed is generated through the drainage pipeline and the first flow control valve on the drainage pipeline, so that hydraulic fish passing is realized.
2. The method for fish passing through by pump-valve pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the step of forming the fish inducing water flow speed in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet by the water pump specifically comprises:
opening a fifth valve positioned on the first pipeline, wherein one end of the first pipeline is communicated with the downstream, and the other end of the first pipeline is communicated with the pressure transition bin;
opening a seventh valve positioned on the second pipeline, wherein one end of the second pipeline is communicated with the first pipeline, and the other end of the second pipeline is communicated with the drainage pipeline;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water flows into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline and forms a fish luring water flow speed at the fish inlet.
3. The pump-valve pipeline fish passing method of claim 1, wherein the step of introducing the fish in the transition chamber into the fish pipeline in a pressure boosting manner and rising until a water head in the fish pipeline is flush with a water level of the reservoir further comprises:
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline and fills the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline.
4. The pump-valve pipeline fish passing method according to claim 1, wherein in the process of realizing hydraulic fish passing, the water flow of the upstream reservoir flows into the fish collecting cavity from the top end of the fish passing pipeline through the transition cavity and the discharge pipeline, and forms the fish luring water flow velocity in the fish collecting cavity and at the fish inlet.
5. The pump-valve pipeline fish passing method according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic fish passing process is realized, and the method further comprises the following steps:
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a seventh valve located on the second conduit;
turning on a water pump located on the first pipeline;
the water pump pumps water at the downstream into the first pipeline through one end of the first pipeline, and the water is filled into the fish collecting cavity from the other end of the second pipeline, and a fish luring water flow speed is formed in the fish collecting cavity and the fish inlet so as to lure fish at the downstream to enter the fish collecting cavity through the fish inlet.
6. The method for fish passing through pipeline by pump valve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of collecting the fish in the fish collecting chamber into the transition chamber of the pressure transition chamber comprises:
the fish collecting bin is provided with a first outlet, the pressure transition bin is provided with a second inlet, the first outlet can be communicated with the second inlet, and a first valve positioned between the first outlet and the second inlet is opened;
opening a fifth valve located on the first pipe;
opening a sixth valve located on the first pipe;
and opening the water pump between the fifth valve and the sixth valve, wherein the water pump is a bidirectional pump, and the bidirectional pump pumps water reversely, so that the water in the transition cavity is pumped out and is discharged into the downstream through one end of the first pipeline.
7. The pump-valve pipeline type fish passing method according to claim 1, wherein fish attraction and fish dam passing can be synchronously realized through the combined dispatching of the fish collecting bin and the pressure transition bin.
8. A pump valve pipeline fish passing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the size of the top of the pressure transition bin is gradually reduced towards the inlet at the bottom end of the fish passing pipeline.
9. The pump-valve pipeline fish passing method of claim 8, wherein one end of the first pipeline is intercepted by the first grating to prevent downstream fish from entering the first pipeline; and/or
The fifth valve, the water pump, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are overhauled by closing the overhauling valve; and/or
Intercepting the first inlet of the fish collecting cavity through the second grating to prevent the fish in the fish collecting cavity from escaping; and/or
The bottom of the pressure transition bin is intercepted through the third grating, and the fish in the transition cavity is prevented from escaping.
10. The pump-valve pipeline type fish passing method according to claim 8, wherein when the maintenance is needed, the first maintenance door is opened, and the movable pump is adopted to drain the fish collecting bin for maintenance; and/or
When the water injection pipeline needs to be overhauled, the second access door is closed to overhaul.
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| FI103356B1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-06-15 | Timo Tapio Pohjamo | fishway system |
| JP3749859B2 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2006-03-01 | 株式会社日本作品研究所 | White eel fishway system |
| WO2007011274A1 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Vägverket | Device for migratory fish |
| CN106930250A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-07-07 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of communication type hydrostatic fish pass |
| CN109235386A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Formula crosses fish device and its application method behind a kind of dam |
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