CN109786831A - A kind of electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte - Google Patents
A kind of electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN109786831A CN109786831A CN201811594562.8A CN201811594562A CN109786831A CN 109786831 A CN109786831 A CN 109786831A CN 201811594562 A CN201811594562 A CN 201811594562A CN 109786831 A CN109786831 A CN 109786831A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive and use the lithium ion battery of the electrolyte.The electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive includes lithium salts, organic solvent and additive；Wherein, in the organic solvent comprising silicon for organic solvent, include pyrazole compound in the additive, also include one of linear carbonate class, cyclic carbonates, carboxylic acid esters or a variety of organic solvents in the organic solvent.Silicon is matched for solvent with pyrazole compound in the present invention, it is aided with other organic solvents and additive, rational proportion, the lithium ion battery high-voltage electrolyte of preparation can be effectively improved the conductivity of lithium ion in the electrolytic solution under cryogenic conditions, it inhibits the impedance as caused by film forming to increase, effectively improves the cycle performance and cryogenic property of battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, are specifically related to a kind of electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive
And the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte.
Background technique
Since lithium ion battery environmental pollution is small, energy density is high, and in recent years, development receives significant attention, in hand
Machine digital domain, electric car, electric bicycle, electric tool, energy storage etc. development are swift and violent.Lithium ion battery at this stage
Cruising ability could not also meet the expectation of general public, especially in electric car field.By improving operating voltage, to mention
The energy density of high battery is the emphasis of current research.Under high voltage condition, the metal ion of high oxidation state is easy in electric field
Cathode is moved under effect, electronics is obtained in cathode and becomes metal precipitation, cause the irreversible loss of positive electrode, electricity has been lost
Tankage reduces battery cycle life.In addition, the active site of positive electrode surface has very high oxygen under high voltage condition
The property changed has security risk so that traditional carbonates electrolyte material is oxidized decomposition and produces gas.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned background technique, provide a kind of containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles addition
The electrolyte of agent and the lithium ion battery for using the electrolyte.
Under the premise of guaranteeing cryogenic property, in order to improve the high temperature cyclic performance and high temperature storage of lithium ion battery
Can, electrolyte of the present invention containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive includes lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, wherein described to have
Solvent includes silicon for organic solvent, and the additive includes pyrazole compound.
Further, the silicon is for shown in organic solvent such as formula (I) or formula (II):
In formula (I), M1And M2Respectively indicate the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or silane or silicon oxygen containing 1-4 carbon atom
Alkane；Wherein, M1Or M2In at least one be silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom；
In formula (II), X1And X2Respectively indicate the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or silane or silicon containing 1-4 carbon atom
Oxygen alkane；Wherein, X1Or X2In at least one be silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom.
Silicon of the invention has very high oxidation resistance and chemical stability for solvent, improves the high temperatures of lithium battery
Can, the lithium battery system suitable for high voltage；And due to the increase of the reduction of the interior Rotational Barriers of silicon Dai Houjian and flexibility,
So that the viscosity of original solvent reduces, the shuttling performance of lithium ion in a solvent is improved, can largely improve lithium electricity
The cryogenic property and high rate performance in pond.
Preferably, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, compound shown in the formula (I) includes but is not limited to followingization
Close object:
Preferably, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, compound shown in the formula (II) includes but is not limited to following
Compound:
It is highly preferred that the silicon accounts for the 2-50% of solvent quality, such as 5-15% for organic solvent, for another example 4-6%.
Further, shown in the pyrazole compound such as formula (III):
In formula (III), R1、R2、R3、R4Independently indicate hydrogen atom, halogen atom, the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or
Replace the alkoxy or substituted alcoxyl group of alkyl, 1-6 carbon atom, and replaces the substituent group choosing in alkyl or substituted alcoxyl group
From halogen, phenyl, C1-C6Alkenyl or alkynyl.
Silicon of the present invention is matched for solvent with unsaturated pyrazole compound, the lithium ion battery high-voltage electrolysis of preparation
Liquid can drop low-impedance increase, can significantly improve lithium under the premise of guaranteeing cryogenic property while protecting anode
The high temperature cyclic performance and high-temperature storage performance of ion battery.
Preferably, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, compound shown in the formula (III) includes but is not limited to following
Compound:
It is highly preferred that compound shown in the formula (III) accounts for the 0.5-10% of electrolyte quality, such as 1-2%, for another example
0.8-1.2%.
Further, also organic molten comprising linear carbonate class organic solvent, cyclic carbonates in the organic solvent
One of agent, carboxylic acid esters organic solvent are a variety of.
Preferably, the linear carbonate class organic solvent can be selected from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate
(DEC), one of methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) or a variety of；The cyclic carbonates organic solvent
One of ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), propene carbonate (PC) or a variety of can be selected from；The carboxylic acid
Based organic solvent can be selected from ethyl acetate (EA), ethyl propionate (EP), methyl acetate (MA), propyl acetate (PE), propionic acid
One of methyl esters (MP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB) are a variety of.
It is further preferred that including ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate in the organic solvent
Ester (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC)；It is highly preferred that ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate
(EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is according to weight ratio (20-30): (3-8): (45-55): (15-25), such as 25:5:50:20
Ratio mixed.
It further, also include fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,3 propane sultones (PS), carbonic acid in the additive
One of vinylethylene (VEC), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD) or multiple additives.
Preferably, in the additive also include vinylene carbonate (VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1,3 third
Alkyl sulfonic acid lactones (1,3-PS)；It is highly preferred that vinylene carbonate (VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) in the additive
With 1, the mass ratio of 3 propane sulfonic acid lactones (1,3-PS) is (0.5-1.5): (1-3): (2-4), such as 1:2:3.
It is further preferred that the mass percent of the additive in the electrolytic solution is 0.1-15%.
Further, the lithium salts can be selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiAsF6、LiN
(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One of or it is a variety of, and based on lithium ion, the concentration of the lithium salts in the electrolytic solution is 0.5-
2M, preferably 1-1.5M, such as 1.1M.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery, which has used the present invention containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles
The electrolyte of additive, it is preferable that the preparation method of the lithium ion battery includes adding the present invention containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles
The electrolyte of agent is injected into cobalt acid lithium/graphite soft-package battery by sufficiently dry 4.4V, shelves by 45 DEG C, high-temperature clamp
Chemical conversion and secondary sealing process.
Electrolyte of the present invention containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive can effectively inhibit metal dissolving, reduce electrolyte point
Solution produces gas, protection anode, improves the high temperature cyclic performance and high-temperature storage performance of battery, while can reduce the increase of impedance,
Improve the cryogenic property of lithium ion battery.Compared to the tradition of the unused electrolyte of the invention containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive
Lithium ion secondary battery, pyrazole compound can generate the electricity with certain electric conductivity in positive electrode surface reaction under high potential
Plasma membrane is solved, using additive containing pyrazole compound of the invention and other function additive, reasonably combined use can be substantially
The impedance for reducing positive electrode surface, improves the cycle performance of battery；In addition, with the use of the novel silicon in the present invention for solvent, energy
Enough it is effectively improved the conductivity of lithium ion in the electrolytic solution under cryogenic conditions, it is suppressed that the impedance as caused by film forming increases, and has
Effect improves the cycle performance and cryogenic property of battery.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.Additional aspect and advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, partially will be under
Become obvious in the description in face, or practice through the invention is recognized.It is only used to explain this hair it should be appreciated that being described below
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Term "comprising" used herein, " comprising ", " containing " or its any other deformation, it is intended that covering non-exclusionism
Include.For example, composition, step, method, product or device comprising listed elements are not necessarily limited to those elements, but
It may include not expressly listed other elements or such composition, step, method, product or the intrinsic element of device.
Equivalent, concentration or other values or parameter are excellent with range, preferred scope or a series of upper limit preferred values and lower limit
When the Range Representation that choosing value limits, this should be understood as specifically disclosing by any range limit or preferred value and any range
Any pairing of lower limit or preferred value is formed by all ranges, regardless of whether the range separately discloses.For example, when open
When range " 1 to 5 ", described range should be interpreted as including range " 1 to 4 ", " 1 to 3 ", " 1 to 2 ", " 1 to 2 and 4 to
5 ", " 1 to 3 and 5 " etc..When numberical range is described herein, unless otherwise stated, otherwise the range is intended to include its end
Value and all integers and score in the range.
Indefinite article "an" before element or component of the present invention (goes out the quantitative requirement of element or component with "one"
Occurrence number) unrestriction.Therefore "one" or "an" should be read as including one or at least one, and singular
Element or component also include plural form, unless the quantity obviously only refers to singular.
Moreover, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of the present invention as long as they do not conflict with each other can
To be combined with each other.
Comparative example 1
The high-voltage electrolyte is prepared as follows: in glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate
(PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 25:5:50:20, then
Lithium hexafluoro phosphate is added to be dissolved, the electrolyte that hexafluorophosphoric acid lithium concentration is 1.1M is prepared.Later, matter is added into electrolyte
It measures in vinylene carbonate (VC), 1% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 1.5% 1,3 propane sulfonic acids that score is 0.5%
Rouge (1,3-PS).Prepared lithium ion battery is injected into high-voltage electrolyte to the cobalt acid by sufficiently dry 4.4V
Lithium/graphite soft-package battery is shelved by 45 DEG C, after the processes such as high-temperature clamp chemical conversion and secondary sealing, carries out battery performance test,
Obtain battery used in comparative example 1.
Embodiment 1
The high-voltage electrolyte is prepared as follows: in glove box, by ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate
(PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 25:5:50:20, then
The silicon of mass fraction 5% is added for organic solvent (1) in the mixed solvent；Lithium hexafluoro phosphate is added to be dissolved, hexafluoro is prepared
Phosphoric acid lithium concentration is the electrolyte of 1.1M.Later, the vinylene carbonate that mass fraction is 0.5% is added into electrolyte
(VC), 1% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 1.5% 1,3 propane sulfonic acid lactones (1,3-PS), it is another plus 1% pyrazoles
Compound (5).
Prepared lithium ion battery is injected into cobalt acid lithium/stone of the 4.4V by sufficiently drying with high-voltage electrolyte
Black soft-package battery is shelved by 45 DEG C, after the processes such as high-temperature clamp chemical conversion and secondary sealing, carries out battery performance test, obtain
Battery used in embodiment 1.
In the present invention, the preparation method of electrolyte is referring to comparative example 1 and embodiment 1, table 1 in other comparative examples and embodiment
For each embodiment and comparative example electrolyte prescription table.
Each embodiment and comparative example electrolyte prescription table of table 1
Performance of lithium ion battery test
1. high temperature cyclic performance
Under the conditions of high temperature (45 DEG C), above-mentioned lithium ion battery is charged to 4.4V in 1C constant current constant voltage, then in 1C constant current
Under the conditions of be discharged to 3.0V.After charge and discharge 500 circulations, the capacity retention ratio after recycling is calculated the 500th time:
2. high-temperature storage performance
Under the conditions of room temperature (25 DEG C), carrying out a 1C/1C charging and discharging to lithium ion battery, (discharge capacity is denoted as
DC0), then 4.4V is charged in 1C constant current constant voltage condition decline battery；Lithium ion battery is placed in 60 DEG C of high-temperature cabinets and saves 7
It, after taking-up, carrying out 1C electric discharge under normal temperature conditions, (discharge capacity is denoted as DC1)；Then 1C/1C is carried out under normal temperature conditions to fill
(discharge capacity is denoted as DC for electricity and electric discharge2), the capacity retention ratio and capacity restoration rate of lithium ion battery are calculated using following formula:
3. low-temperature circulating performance
Under the conditions of low temperature (10 DEG C), above-mentioned lithium ion battery is charged to 4.4V in 0.5C constant current constant voltage, then in 0.5C
3.0V is discharged under constant current conditions.After charge and discharge 100 circulations, the capacity retention ratio after recycling is calculated the 100th time:
The battery performance test of above-mentioned each specific embodiment the results are shown in Table 2
Each embodiment and comparative example battery performance test result of table 1
It can be seen that in comparative example 1 from upper table data, be applied to high voltage 4.4V LiCoO2When/AG soft-package battery,
Vinylene carbonate (VC), 1% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 1.5% 1,3 propane that mass fraction is 0.5% is added
After sulfonic acid lactones (1,3-PS), the high temperature cyclic performance of battery is bad, and high-temperature storage performance is general.When adding in the electrolytic solution
The novel silicon of 5% content is for (comparative example 2,3,4,5) after solvent, it can be seen that the low-temperature circulating performance of battery has certain mention
It rises, especially compound (1) and compound (3), promotes effect and become apparent from, and since silicon is for the resistance to oxidation and heat-resisting quantity of solvent
The promotion of energy, makes the high-temperature storage performance of battery also have a degree of improvement.Without adding silicon for solvent, 1% is individually added
After the pyrazole compound (comparative example 6,8) of content, it is found that since it can form a film in positive electrode surface, protect the work of anode
Property site so that the high temperature cyclic performance of battery and high-temperature storage performance all have significant improvement, but after temperature reduces,
Due to the increase of impedance after film forming, so that low-temperature circulating poor effect；Especially after the amount of pyrazole compound is promoted to 2%
The bust of cycle performance may occur due to excessive at membrane impedance for (comparative example 7,9).
High-voltage electrolyte of the invention, is used in combination novel silicon of the invention for solvent and pyrazole compound, excellent
Select four kinds of novel silicons for solvent, i.e. compound (1), compound (2), compound (3), compound (4), additive amount is respectively solvent
The 5% of gross mass and 15%, and the additive amount of two kinds of pyrazole compounds of adjusting, i.e. compound (5), compound (6) is respectively
The 1% of electrolyte gross mass and 2%, other organic solvents and additive of the invention are added, mix and match is reasonably carried out,
32 kinds of high-voltage electrolytes are prepared for be tested as exemplary embodiment.It is analyzed by the experimental data to embodiment
And be compared with comparative example, it is available such as to draw a conclusion:
1. on the whole, novel silicon for solvent (it is recommended that additive amount be solvent quality 2-50%, preferably 5-15%,
It is more preferable 5%) with pyrazole compound (suggest additive amount for electrolyte quality 0.5-10%, preferably 1-2%, more preferably
1%) be used cooperatively, can improve the high temperature circulation and Gao Wencun of battery on the basis of guaranteeing battery low-temperature circulating performance
Store up performance；
Although 2. certain performances of battery are more when novel silicon of the invention is used alone for solvent or pyrazole compound
It is excellent, but novel silicon of the invention is used in mixed way for solvent and pyrazole compound, and is aided with other organic solvents of the invention
And additive, rational proportion, so that high-voltage battery various aspects of performance is had a degree of promotion.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and do not have to
To limit the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all be wrapped
Containing within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, the electrolyte includes lithium salts, organic solvent and additive,
It is characterized in that, including pyrazole compound in the additive comprising silicon for organic solvent in the organic solvent.
2. the electrolyte according to claim 1 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the silicon generation has
Shown in solvent such as formula (I) or formula (II):
In formula (I), M1And M2Respectively indicate the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom；
Wherein, M1Or M2In at least one be silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom；
In formula (II), X1And X2Respectively indicate the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom；
Wherein, X1Or X2In at least one be silane or siloxanes containing 1-4 carbon atom；
Preferably, compound shown in the formula (I) includes but is not limited to following compound:
Preferably, compound shown in the formula (II) includes but is not limited to following compound:
It is highly preferred that the silicon accounts for the 2-50% of solvent quality, such as 5-15% for organic solvent, for another example 4-6%.
3. the electrolyte according to claim 2 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the pyrazoles
Shown in compound such as formula (III):
In formula (III), R1、R2、R3、R4Independently indicate hydrogen atom, halogen atom, the alkyl containing 1-6 carbon atom or substitution
Alkyl, the alkoxy of 1-6 carbon atom or substituted alcoxyl group, and the substituent group in alkyl or substituted alcoxyl group is replaced to be selected from halogen
Element, phenyl, C1-C6Alkenyl or alkynyl；
Preferably, compound shown in the formula (III) includes but is not limited to following compound:
It is highly preferred that compound shown in the formula (III) accounts for the 0.5-10% of electrolyte quality, such as 1-2%, for another example 0.8-
1.2%.
4. the electrolyte according to claim 1 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that described organic molten
It also include one of linear carbonate class organic solvent, cyclic carbonates organic solvent, carboxylic acid esters organic solvent in agent
Or it is a variety of；Preferably, the linear carbonate class organic solvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbon
One of sour dipropyl is a variety of；The cyclic carbonates organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, carbon
One of acid propylene ester is a variety of；The carboxylic acid esters organic solvent is selected from ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, second
One of propyl propionate, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate are a variety of.
5. the electrolyte according to claim 4 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that described organic molten
It include ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate in agent；Preferably, the ethylene carbonate, carbon
Acid propylene ester, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are according to weight ratio (20-30): (3-8): (45-55): and (15-25), such as
The ratio of 25:5:50:20 is mixed.
6. the electrolyte according to claim 1 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the additive
In also include one of fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1,3 propane sultones, vinylethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid vinyl ester or a variety of
Additive.
7. the electrolyte according to claim 6 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the additive
In also include vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and 1,3 propane sulfonic acid lactones；Preferably, carbonic acid in the additive
Vinylene, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and 1, the mass ratio of 3 propane sulfonic acid lactones are (0.5-1.5): (1-3): (2-4), such as
1:2:3.
8. the electrolyte according to claim 1 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the additive
Mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.1-15%.
9. the electrolyte according to claim 1 containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, which is characterized in that the lithium salts choosing
From LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiAsF6、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One of or it is a variety of,
And based on lithium ion, the concentration of the lithium salts in the electrolytic solution is 0.5-2M, preferably 1-1.5M, such as 1.1M.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that the lithium ion battery has used claim 1-9 described in any item
Electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive, it is preferable that the preparation method of the lithium ion battery includes by claim
The described in any item electrolyte containing siloxane solvent and pyrazoles additive of 1-9 are injected into the cobalt acid by sufficiently dry 4.4V
Lithium/graphite soft-package battery is shelved by 45 DEG C, high-temperature clamp is melted into and secondary sealing process.
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| CN111129587A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery thereof |
| CN114665154A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-24 | 上海瑞浦青创新能源有限公司 | Electrolyte containing fluorine solvent and pyrazole additive |
| WO2023022544A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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Application publication date: 20190521 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |