CN109752671A - A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift - Google Patents
A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to atom magnetometer technical fields, and in particular to a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift；A branch of crossing inside atomic air chamber in the two beams driving light that the two beam detection lights that detection optical module generates are generated with driving optical module respectively, two beam detection lights extract the precession information of atom in the atomic air chamber of two beams driving optical pumping respectively, realize independent magnetic-field measurement；Two beam detection lights input lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B respectively after photoelectric conversion and carry out signal processing, the output signal of lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B are after ratio and integral element, the output frequency of output signal setting DDS according to lock-in amplifier A, DDS drives excitation coil, and atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point；DDS output frequency real-time lock realizes the measurement of external magnetic field on the precession frequency of atom；After the output signal of lock-in amplifier B is compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes the stability contorting of optical frequency shift.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to atom magnetometer technical fields, and in particular to a kind of stability contorting system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift
System.
Background technique
In recent years, atom magnetometer is rapidly developed by advantages such as its highly sensitive, small size, low-power consumption, extensively
Applied to numerous hot fields.By taking magnetic anomaly is visited and dived as an example, taken into account while needing atom magnetometer to have high sensitivity high steady
It is qualitative, therefore it is required that carrying out stability contorting to atom magnetometer noise source.It is atom magnetometer work using pumping light polarized atom
The premise of work, pumping light irradiated atoms gas chamber can make atom experience a false magnetic field, be equivalent to introduce systematic measurement error,
Referred to as optical frequency shift:
In formula, BLSFor optical frequency shift, reBe the light velocity for electron radius, c, Φ be photon flux,For circular polarization, γeFor electricity
Sub- gyromagnetic ratio, V (v-v0) it is spectral line type, it is related with atomic density and light frequency.
Formula (1) is pointed out: optical frequency shift changes with pumping light frequency, light intensity, polarization characteristic and atomic density, any of above ginseng
Several fluctuations will cause the disturbance of optical frequency shift.
Atom will respond optical frequency shift and true external magnetic field simultaneously, and according to the vector superposed precession of the two, by optical frequency shift
Noise is converted into magnetic-field measurement noise:
In formula,For true external magnetic field,The magnetic field experienced for atom.
Optical frequency shift noise is current one of the Main Noise Sources for restricting atom magnetometer stability, it is therefore desirable to be carried out to it
Stability contorting.
Inhibit the means of optical frequency shift to rely primarily at present and is filled with a large amount of buffer gas to reduce magnetometer to the quick of optical frequency shift
Perception.However a large amount of buffer gas will make magnetic resonance line spread width, reduce the sensitivity of magnetometer, this control method can not
Magnetic anomaly detection is taken into account to the application demand of atom magnetometer high sensitivity and high stability.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of stabilizations of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention
Control system solves the problems, such as measurement, the control inaccuracy of optical frequency shift, promotes the control precision of optical frequency shift.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme.
A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention, the system include driving optical module, detection light
Module, atomic air chamber, excitation coil, lock-in amplifier A, lock-in amplifier B and frequency synthesizer DDS；
Driving optical module to generate two-beam, identical Left-hand circular polarization driving light and right-hand circular polarization driving light are incident former by force
Sub- gas chamber；
It detects optical module and generates the same frequency of two beams, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；
Adjust driving optical module and detection optical module, make detect optical module generate two beam detection lights respectively with driving optical mode
Block generate two beams driving light in it is a branch of cross inside atomic air chamber, two beam detection lights extract respectively two beams driving optical pumping
Atomic air chamber in atom precession information, realize independent magnetic-field measurement；
Setting excitation coil motivates two beams to drive atom in Light polarizing atomic air chamber on the outside of atomic air chamber, and excitation coil produces
Raw excitation field is along detection light direction；
Two beam detection lights input lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B respectively after photoelectric conversion and carry out signal processing,
Lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B extracts the frequency and phase information of atom precession；Lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B
Output signal after ratio and integral element, according to lock-in amplifier A output signal setting DDS output frequency, DDS
Excitation coil is driven, atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point；Precession frequency of the DDS output frequency real-time lock in atom
On, realize the measurement of external magnetic field；After the output signal of lock-in amplifier B is compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes light
The stability contorting of frequency displacement.
Further, for the two beams driving light that the driving optical module generates after collimating and correcting, two beams drive light incidence 1/2
Slide and polarization splitting prism PBS adjust two beams that 1/2 slide is emitted PBS and drive luminous intensity identical, two beams of PBS outgoing
Light incident 2 1/4 slides respectively are driven, 2 1/4 slides are adjusted, making two beams driving light is respectively Left-hand circular polarization driving light light
Light is driven with right-hand circular polarization, the atom that two beams drive light to irradiate is by equal big reversed optical frequency shift.
Further, the two beam detection lights that the detection optical module generates are polarized after collimating and correcting through Glan-Taylor prism
Incident semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens afterwards obtain the same frequency of two beams, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；Adjust driving optical mode
Block and detection optical module, make two beam detection lights respectively with two beams driving light in it is a branch of cross inside atomic air chamber, thus two
Beam detection light extracts the atom precession information by different driving optical pumping respectively, realizes independent magnetic-field measurement.
Further, when atom is in resonance state, the in-phase component of lock-in amplifier output is zero；Excitation coil output
Signal BxWhen there is frequency difference Δ ω with atom precession, lock-in amplifier A exports in-phase component XAAre as follows:
In formula: BxFor excitation coil output signal；XAIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency,
It is determined by photodetector；T1、T2Respectively atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time determine atomic resonance line width；γ
For atom gyromagnetic ratio；B1For excitation signal amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；
The in-phase component X of lock-in amplifier A outputAIt is inputted as error, after ratio and integral element, DDS is set
Output frequency；DDS drives excitation coil, and atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point；The output frequency real-time lock of DDS
On the precession frequency of atom, the measurement of external magnetic field is realized.
Further, when with a branch of driving Light polarizing atoms at suitable temperatures magnetic-field closed loop, another beam drives Light polarizing atom
Reversed optical frequency shift is experienced, resonances will be not at, the same phase of lock-in amplifier B exports X at this timeBAre as follows:
In formula: XBIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency, is determined by photodetector；T1、
T2Respectively atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time determine atomic resonance line width；γ is atom gyromagnetic ratio；B1It is sharp
Encourage signal amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；BLSFor optical frequency shift；
By lock-in amplifier B with mutually output XBAfter compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes the stabilization of optical frequency shift
Control.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention, based on the height constructed under low-buffer gas pressure
Sensitivity atom magnetometer meets two-way driving light using rectangular gas chamber simultaneously and detection light passes through, and two optical paths are closed on and independence
Ground detects Magnetic Field, and the atom atomic density having the same and buffer gas pressure of the measurement of two optical paths, realizes light
The in situ measurement of frequency displacement.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention improves the authenticity of optical frequency shift measurement and the accuracy of stability contorting；It is easy to
Atom magnetometer is realized highly sensitive；Wai Da vacuum room feedback control loop is eliminated, it is simple and reliable for structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of stabilizing control system schematic diagram of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is incident gas chamber front of the invention path-splitting schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is feedback control structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is lock-in amplifier B of the present invention with mutually output X_B and optical frequency shift B_LS corresponding relationship curve synoptic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment with attached drawing to a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention
It is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift of the present invention, including driving optical module, inspection
Survey optical module, atomic air chamber, excitation coil, lock-in amplifier and frequency synthesizer (DDS)；
Driving optical module to generate two-beam, identical Left-hand circular polarization driving light and right-hand circular polarization driving light are incident former by force
Sub- gas chamber；
It detects optical module and generates the same frequency of two beams, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；
Adjust driving optical module and detection optical module, make detect optical module generate two beam detection lights respectively with driving optical mode
Block generate two beams driving light in it is a branch of cross inside atomic air chamber, two beam detection lights extract respectively two beams driving optical pumping
Atomic air chamber in atom precession information, realize independent magnetic-field measurement；
Setting excitation coil motivates two beams to drive atom in Light polarizing atomic air chamber on the outside of atomic air chamber, and excitation coil produces
Raw excitation field is along detection light direction；
Two beam detection lights input lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B respectively after photoelectric conversion and carry out signal processing,
Lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B extracts the frequency and phase information of atom precession；
The output signal of lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B are after ratio and integral element, according to lock-in amplifier
The output frequency of the output signal setting DDS of A, DDS drive excitation coil, atom in atomic air chamber are locked in resonance point；DDS
Output frequency real-time lock realizes the measurement of external magnetic field on the precession frequency of atom；The output signal of lock-in amplifier B with set
Definite value relatively after, control driving optical module, realize the stability contorting of optical frequency shift.
As shown in Fig. 2, the two beams driving light that the driving optical module generates is after collimating and correcting, two beams drive light incident
1/2 slide and polarization splitting prism (PBS) adjust two beams that 1/2 slide is emitted PBS and drive luminous intensity identical, PBS outgoing
Two beams drive light incident 2 1/4 slides respectively, adjust 2 1/4 slides, and making two beams driving light is respectively Left-hand circular polarization driving
Light light and right-hand circular polarization drive light；
By formula (1) it is found that two beams drive light frequency having the same and light intensity when the light intensity of two beams driving light is equal,
Only polarization direction is conversely, because atom parameter having the same, two beams drive the atom of light irradiation that will feel in same atomic air chamber
By equal big reversed optical frequency shift, the difference of the precession frequency of atom reflects optical frequency shift amount.
The two beam detection lights that the detection optical module generates are polarized after collimating and correcting through Glan Taylor (Glan) prism
Incident semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens afterwards obtain the same frequency of two beams, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；Adjust driving optical mode
Block and detection optical module, make two beam detection lights respectively with two beams driving light in it is a branch of cross inside atomic air chamber, thus two
Beam detection light extracts the atom precession information by different driving optical pumping respectively, realizes independent magnetic-field measurement.
As shown in figure 3, the in-phase component of lock-in amplifier output is zero due to when atom is in resonance state；Excitation
Coil output signal BxWhen there is frequency difference Δ ω with atom precession, lock-in amplifier A exports in-phase component XAAre as follows:
In formula: BxFor excitation coil output signal；XAIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency,
It is determined by photodetector；T1、T2Respectively atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time determine atomic resonance line width；γ
For atom gyromagnetic ratio；B1For excitation signal amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；
The in-phase component X exported with lock-in amplifier AAIt is inputted as error, after ratio and integral element, setting
The output frequency of DDS；DDS drives excitation coil, and atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point；The output frequency of DDS is real-time
It is locked on the precession frequency of atom, realizes the measurement of external magnetic field.
When with a branch of driving Light polarizing atoms at suitable temperatures magnetic-field closed loop, since another beam drives Light polarizing atom to experience
To reversed optical frequency shift, resonances will be not at；The same phase of lock-in amplifier B exports X at this timeBAre as follows:
In formula: XBIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency, is determined by photodetector；T1、
T2Respectively atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time determine atomic resonance line width；γ is atom gyromagnetic ratio；B1It is sharp
Encourage signal amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；BLSFor optical frequency shift；
Formula (4) establishes optical frequency shift BLSWith lock-in amplifier B with mutually output XBBetween functional relation, canonical schema
As shown in Figure 4.
As shown in figure 4, in a certain range, BLSWith XBApproximate linear related (as shown in thick line portion in figure), is scheming
Linear parts are available by calibration: BLS=KXB, K is linear fit coefficient in formula, realizes the measurement of optical frequency shift.
By lock-in amplifier B with mutually output XBAfter compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes the stabilization of optical frequency shift
Control.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift, it is characterised in that: the system includes driving optical module, detection
Optical module, atomic air chamber, excitation coil, lock-in amplifier A, lock-in amplifier B and frequency synthesizer DDS；
Driving optical module to generate two-beam, identical Left-hand circular polarization driving light and right-hand circular polarization drive light incident atoms gas by force
Room；
It detects optical module and generates the same frequency of two beams, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；
Driving optical module and detection optical module are adjusted, the two beam detection lights for generating detection optical module are produced with driving optical module respectively
A branch of in raw two beams driving light crosses inside atomic air chamber, and two beam detection lights extract the original of two beams driving optical pumping respectively
The precession information of atom, realizes independent magnetic-field measurement in sub- gas chamber；
Setting excitation coil motivates two beams to drive atom in Light polarizing atomic air chamber on the outside of atomic air chamber, what excitation coil generated
Excitation field is along detection light direction；
Two beam detection lights input lock-in amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B respectively after photoelectric conversion and carry out signal processing, locking phase
Amplifier A and lock-in amplifier B extracts the frequency and phase information of atom precession；Lock-in amplifier A's and lock-in amplifier B is defeated
Signal is after ratio and integral element out, the output frequency of the output signal setting DDS according to lock-in amplifier A, DDS driving
Atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point by excitation coil；DDS output frequency real-time lock on the precession frequency of atom,
Realize the measurement of external magnetic field；After the output signal of lock-in amplifier B is compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes optical frequency
The stability contorting of shifting.
2. a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the drive
For the two beams driving light that dynamic optical module generates after collimating and correcting, two beams drive incident 1/2 slide of light and polarization splitting prism
It is 2 1/ incident respectively to adjust the two beams driving light that the two beams driving luminous intensity that 1/2 slide is emitted PBS is identical, and PBS is emitted by PBS
4 slides adjust 2 1/4 slides, and making two beams driving light is respectively that Left-hand circular polarization driving light light and right-hand circular polarization drive light,
The atom that two beams drive light to irradiate is by equal big reversed optical frequency shift.
3. a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the inspection
It surveys the two beam detection lights that optical module generates and plays incident semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens to the rear through Glan-Taylor prism after collimating and correcting, obtain
Two beams with frequency, with the linear polarization detection light incident atoms gas chamber of polarization state；Driving optical module and detection optical module are adjusted, two beams are made
Detection light respectively with two beams driving light in it is a branch of cross inside atomic air chamber, so that two beam detection lights are extracted respectively by difference
The atom precession information for driving optical pumping, realizes independent magnetic-field measurement.
4. a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: work as atom
When in resonance state, the in-phase component of lock-in amplifier output is zero；Excitation coil output signal BxOccur with atom precession
When frequency difference Δ ω, lock-in amplifier A exports in-phase component XAAre as follows:
In formula: BxFor excitation coil output signal；XAIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency, by light
Electric explorer determines；T1、T2Respectively atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time determine atomic resonance line width；γ is original
Sub- gyromagnetic ratio；B1For excitation signal amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；
The in-phase component X of lock-in amplifier A outputAIt is inputted as error, after ratio and integral element, the output of DDS is set
Frequency；DDS drives excitation coil, and atom in atomic air chamber is locked in resonance point；The output frequency real-time lock of DDS is in atom
Precession frequency on, realize the measurement of external magnetic field.
5. a kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: when with one
When beam drives Light polarizing atoms at suitable temperatures magnetic-field closed loop, another beam drives Light polarizing atom to experience reversed optical frequency shift, will
Resonances are not at, the same phase of lock-in amplifier B exports X at this timeBAre as follows:
In formula: XBIn-phase component is exported for lock-in amplifier A；K is photoelectric conversion efficiency, is determined by photodetector；T1、T2Point
Not Wei atom longitudinal relaxation time and lateral relaxation time, determine atomic resonance line width；γ is atom gyromagnetic ratio；B1For excitation letter
Number amplitude；Δ ω is the frequency of pumping signal deviation resonance signal；BLSFor optical frequency shift；
By lock-in amplifier B with mutually output XBAfter compared with setting value, control driving optical module realizes the stability contorting of optical frequency shift.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN110646751A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-03 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Scalar atomic magnetometer closed-loop control system and method based on in-phase excitation |
| CN111337868A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-26 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Nuclear spin longitudinal relaxation time measuring method |
| CN112540327A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-23 | 中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一0研究所 | Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method |
| CN114442009A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Frequency stabilization method and system of atomic magnetometer based on FP (Fabry-Perot) cavity frequency stabilization |
| CN114460506A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-10 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Magnetic resonance signal phase closed-loop control method and system based on variable parameter control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112540327A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-23 | 中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一0研究所 | Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method |
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