CN109731304B - Method for detecting difficulty space utilization of artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument - Google Patents
Method for detecting difficulty space utilization of artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the utilization of the difficulty space of an art gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument, which realizes the utilization and detection of the difficulty action space of the instrument by dividing a horizontal space region, dividing a vertical layer, extracting the space-time distribution characteristics of the difficulty of the instrument, determining the space difference of the difficulty of the instrument at different moments and comparing the entropy values of the utilization of the difficulty space of the instrument of different athletes. The invention innovatively provides space utilization detection of the difficulty of the artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument, judges the complexity of space utilization by constructing the space distribution of the time sequence of the difficulty of the instrument and realizes the quantitative determination of the space utilization condition of the difficulty of the instrument of the project. Can adapt to the change of the rules at any time, and is beneficial to the stable exertion of the physical technology of the athletes and the improvement of the difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sports, and relates to a method for detecting difficulty space utilization of an art gymnastics personal rod exercise instrument.
Background
The artistic gymnastics are sports which are integrated with elements such as music, dance, light apparatus and the like on the basis of natural gymnastics and perfectly represent the body, mind and beauty of women in a certain space and time. Wherein, the personal stick exercises are the only items which use double instruments in the personal items of the artistic gymnastics. With the continuous revision of the rules, higher-level visual requirements are provided for the application of the equipment difficulty of athletes, and the diversity of the space change of the equipment difficulty brings new challenges to the stable exertion and the difficulty improvement of the physical technology of athletes. The 2017 international scoring rule for the artistic gymnastics puts higher requirements on the application of the difficulty actions of the athletes. At present, in the process of detecting the difficulty action space application of the personal rod-operated instrument of the artistic gymnastics, the related quantitative analysis indexes are incomplete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting difficulty space utilization of an artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument, which is realized by the following steps:
1. horizontal space area division:
dividing the competition area into 16 areas with equal area;
2. vertical hierarchical division:
dividing the vertical space into a low level, a middle level and a high level, wherein the ground is the low level, the ground is the middle level when the vertical height of the athlete is equal to the vertical height of the athlete, and the ground is the high level when the athlete soaks up the ground;
3. extracting the space-time distribution characteristics of the instrument difficulty:
the difficult movements of the rod-operated instrument are as followsThe time sequence of three dimensions of the ground space region, the ground space direction and the vertical space level is utilized to describe the space-time distribution characteristic of the difficulty of the rod-operated instrument, and X is usedi(k)＝[xi1(k)，xi2(k)，xi3(k)]And (i is 1,2, …, m, k is 1,2, …, n) respectively represents the ground space region, the ground space direction and the vertical space level of the ith player in the kth unit time, m is the number of players and n is the time length.
4. Determining the spatial difference of the difficulty of the instruments at different moments:
the spatial features relate to a plurality of dimensions, and normalization processing is firstly carried out in consideration of different dimensions of a ground space region, a ground space direction and a vertical space level:
wherein min (x)ij) Denotes xij(k) Minimum value of (j-1, 2, 3; k-1, 2, …, n), max (x)ij) Denotes xijIs measured. The normalized difficulty action ground space area, ground space direction and distance between vertical space level time sequences can be used for evaluating the difference of the spatial characteristics of difficulty actions completed by athletes at different moments. The difference of the spatial characteristics of the ith athlete at the two moments a and b can be expressed as p-norm of the difference of the spatial characteristics:
wherein d isiAnd (a, b) represents the distance between the a-th time and the b-th time on the feature space. When d isi(a, b) > ∈ (e > 0), and the spatial distribution difference of the difficulty actions is considered to be significant.
5. Instrument difficulty action space utilization detection
The athlete fully utilizes the space, which means that the space state of difficult actions is more complex within a certain period of timeAnd (3) mixing. The concept of entropy in statistical physics is extended to the analysis of spatial utilization by rod athletes. With Ci ═ c1，c2，...，c|Ci|Represents the set of all the instrumental difficulty space features of the ith player, | Ci | represents the cardinality of the set Ci. For Xi(a) And Xi(b) When d isi(a, b) <e, the spatial signature differences are not significant, and the spatial signatures of the instrument difficulty can be considered to be the same. By y1Some sample, p, representing the spatial distribution of instrument difficulty1Indicating the probability of the sample occurring. P can be calculated by counting the frequency of occurrence of spatial features of mechanical difficulty during the time of an athlete's race1：
The entropy of the i-th player instrument difficulty space utilization may then be expressed as:
the degree of space utilization can be detected by comparing the entropy values of the difficulty space utilization of different athlete instruments. The larger the entropy value is, the richer the spatial characteristics of the difficulty of the apparatus in a certain time range are, which means the better the space utilization condition is.
A coordinate system is established according to the ground area and the direction, the area 1 coordinate is (0, 0), the area 2 coordinate is (0, 1), the area 3 coordinate is (0, 2), the area 4 coordinate is (0, 3), the area 5 coordinate is (1, 0), the area 6 coordinate is (1, 1), the area 7 coordinate is (1, 2), the area 8 coordinate is (1, 3), the area 9 coordinate is (2, 0), the area 10 coordinate is (2, 1), the area 11 coordinate is (2, 2), the area 12 coordinate is (2, 3), the area 13 coordinate is (3, 0), the area 14 coordinate is (3, 1), the area 15 coordinate is (3, 2), and the area 16 coordinate is (3, 3).
The direction of the ground space is clockwise rotated by one circle from the right front to be distributed in 8 directions, namely front, right rear, left front and left front.
The invention innovatively provides space utilization detection of the difficulty of the artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument, judges the complexity of space utilization by constructing the space distribution of the time sequence of the difficulty of the instrument and realizes the quantitative determination of the space utilization condition of the difficulty of the instrument of the project. Can adapt to the change of the rules at any time, and is beneficial to the stable exertion of the physical technology of the athletes and the improvement of the difficulty.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram of the spatial area and orientation of an art gymnastics floor according to the invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further explained by the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention takes the 35 th art gymnastics competition personal rod gymnastics playoff as an example, selects the television rebroadcast video of the 35 th art gymnastics competition personal rod gymnastics playoff competition, extracts the instrument difficulty action completed by the athlete in the competition as sample data for analysis.
TABLE 1 difficulty action composition of personal stick game playground instrument for 35 th artistic gymnastics1
As shown in table 1, the difficulty of the device in the art gymnastics personal stick is a particular technical difficulty of the device to complete with the body synchronously, and consists of at least 1 base + at least 2 standards or 2 bases +1 standard, or is an interesting or innovative use of the device (not conventionally done like the RG standard device action), and consists of at least 1 base + at least 2 standards or 2 bases +1 standard.
Even if the judgment of the artistic value in the artistic gymnastics rule is meticulous and clear, the quantitative indexes are not available for judging the specified parts such as the space arrangement diversity, and a coach can not know the reasonability of the action by means of a scientific formula model when arranging a set of actions. The invention provides a space utilization detection method of an apparatus difficulty space of an artistic gymnastics personal rod-exercise project based on space-time characteristic analysis, and the aesthetic expression capacity of the apparatus difficulty space utilization detection method is judged by calculating the three-dimensional space distribution entropy of the apparatus difficulty action of an athlete.
The size of the field of the artistic gymnastics game is 13m by 13m, and the field is uniformly divided into 16 equal-area areas (as shown in figure 1). Each region is a square with dimensions of 3.25m by 3.25 m. A coordinate system is established according to the ground area and the direction, the area 1 coordinate is (0, 0), the area 2 coordinate is (0, 1), the area 3 coordinate is (0, 2), the area 4 coordinate is (0, 3), the area 5 coordinate is (1, 0), the area 6 coordinate is (1, 1), the area 7 coordinate is (1, 2), the area 8 coordinate is (1, 3), the area 9 coordinate is (2, 0), the area 10 coordinate is (2, 1), the area 11 coordinate is (2, 2), the area 12 coordinate is (2, 3), the area 13 coordinate is (3, 0), the area 14 coordinate is (3, 1), the area 15 coordinate is (3, 2), and the area 16 coordinate is (3, 3).
The vertical space is divided into three levels of low, middle and high. The ground is low, the height from the ground to the vertical height of the athlete is middle, and the height when the athlete soaks the ground is high.
The ground space direction of the player for completing the instrument difficulty is counted, the ground space direction is clockwise rotated for one circle from the right front and is distributed in 8 directions, namely front, right back, left front and left front.
In the 35 th gymnastics competition personal stick playoff, the time for each player to complete the set of movements is 90 seconds. At least two judges watch the television rebroadcast video of the game of the rod-jockey, extract the difficulty action of the apparatus completed by the player in the game according to the definition of the apparatus difficulty in the rule in the action set, record the area and time when the difficulty of the apparatus is completed, and determine the space area where the difficulty of the apparatus is completed by the rod-jockey at different moments. By three-dimensional vector Xi(k)＝[xi1(k)，xi2(k)，xi3(k)](i-1, 2, …, m, k-1, 2, …, n) indicates that the ith player is in the kth unit timeThe number of the athletes is m, and the time length is n. The value of unit time needs to satisfy the following two conditions:
(1) the unit time needs to be divisible by the time of the match
(2) Race time/unit time > the total number of players' difficulty in completing the apparatus is one unit time in this embodiment of 15 seconds.
And (3) carrying out consistency test on the obtained data, wherein the consistency reaches more than 90 percent and meets the requirement.
For the ith player, constructing time sequences Xi (1), Xi (2), …, Xi (N) of the spatial distribution of the instrument difficulty in the game time range, and taking the time sequences as the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of the instrument difficulty of the player.
The spatial features relate to three dimensions, and each element in the vector xi (k) is normalized by considering that a ground space region, a ground space direction and a vertical space level are different dimensions:
wherein min (x)ij) Denotes xij(k) Minimum value of (j-1, 2, 3; k-1, 2, …, n), max (x)ij) Denotes xijIs measured.
And evaluating the difference of the spatial characteristics of the difficulty actions completed by the athletes at different moments by using the normalized difficulty action ground space area, ground space direction and distance between vertical spatial hierarchy time sequences. The difference of the spatial characteristics of the ith athlete at the two moments a and b can be expressed as p-norm of the difference of the spatial characteristics:
wherein d isiAnd (a, b) represents the distance between the a-th time and the b-th time on the feature space. p is a constant of not less than 1, and in this embodiment, p is taken to be 2.
Judging whether the difference of the spatial distribution characteristics of the difficulty of the rod manipulator instrument at different moments is obvious or not, and when the difference of the spatial characteristics of the ith player at the moments a and b can be expressed that the p norm of the spatial characteristic difference satisfies di(a, b) > ∈ (e > 0), then the spatial distribution difference of their difficulty actions is considered significant.
Constructing a player instrument difficulty space-time characteristic set by using Ci ═ c1，c2，...，c|ci|Represents the set of all the instrumental difficulty space features of the ith player, | Ci | represents the cardinality of the set Ci. For Xi(a) And Xi(b) When d isi(a, b) <e, the spatial signature differences are not significant, and the spatial signatures of the instrument difficulty can be considered to be the same.
By ylSome sample, p, representing the spatial distribution of instrument difficultylIndicating the probability of the sample occurring. P can be calculated by counting the frequency of the occurrence of the space-time distribution characteristics of the mechanical difficulty of the players in the competition timel：
Calculating the entropy of the i-th athlete instrument difficulty space utilization:
the entropy values of the difficulty space utilization of different athlete instruments are compared, and the space utilization sufficiency degree can be detected. The larger the entropy value is, the richer the spatial characteristics of the difficulty of the apparatus in a certain time range are, which means the better the space utilization condition is.
According to the spatial distribution of the difficulty actions of the instruments completed by 1-8 athletes in the 35 th personal rod game of the gymnastics tournament, the difficulty numbers of the instruments, the cardinality of a spatial characteristic sample set and the entropy values of the spatial distribution can be found as follows:
TABLE 2 entropy of spatial distribution of difficulty of personal club gymnastics playground appliance in 35 th gymnastics world championship
| Hierarchy | First name | Second name | Third name | The fourth name | The fifth name | The sixth name | The seventh name | The eighth name |
| Number of difficulty of |
11 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| |
8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Entropy of the entropy | 2.91 | 2.25 | 1.79 | 2 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.00 |
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that the greater cardinality of the spatial samples corresponding to the difficulty of the higher level players in completing the equipment means that the highest level players make better use of the game space. Meanwhile, the entropy value of the spatial distribution of the difficulty actions of the user is larger, which means that the spatial state of the difficulty actions of the user is more complex.
Claims (3)
1. A method for detecting difficulty space utilization of an artistic gymnastics personal rod-operated instrument is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) horizontal space area division: dividing the competition area into 16 areas with equal area;
(2) vertical hierarchical division: dividing the vertical space into a low level, a middle level and a high level, wherein the ground is the low level, the ground is the middle level when the vertical height of the athlete is equal to the vertical height of the athlete, and the ground is the high level when the athlete soaks up the ground;
(3) extracting the space-time distribution characteristics of the instrument difficulty: the difficulty action of the rod-operated instrument can appear in different ground space regions, ground space directions and vertical space levels at different time, the time sequence of three dimensions of the ground space regions, the ground space directions and the vertical space levels is utilized to describe the space-time distribution characteristics of the difficulty of the rod-operated instrument, and the time sequence is used for describing the space-time distribution characteristics of the difficulty of the rod-operated instrument
Wherein i =1,2, …, m, k =1,2, …, n respectively represents the ground space region, the ground space direction and the vertical space level of the ith player in the kth unit time, m is the number of players and n is the time length;
(4) determining the spatial difference of the difficulty of the instruments at different moments: the spatial features relate to a plurality of dimensions, and normalization processing is firstly carried out in consideration of different dimensions of a ground space region, a ground space direction and a vertical space level:
wherein
It is shown that,
the minimum value of (a) is determined,
to represent
The normalized difficulty action ground space area, the ground space direction and the distance between the vertical space level time sequences are used for measuring the difference of the spatial features of difficulty actions completed by athletes at different moments, and the difference of the spatial features of the ith athlete at the moments a and b can be expressed as the p-norm of the difference value of the spatial features:
wherein
Representing the a-th time and the b-th timeDistance in feature space when
The difference in spatial distribution of difficult movements is considered significant;
(5) detecting the utilization of the instrument difficulty action space:
by using
Represents the set of all the instrumental difficulty spatial features of the ith athlete, | Ci | represents the cardinality of the set Ci, for
And
when is coming into contact with
The spatial characteristics of the instruments are not obviously different, and the spatial characteristics of the instruments are considered to be the same
A sample representing the spatial distribution of the difficulty of the instrument, by
The probability of the sample is represented, and the frequency of the spatial features of the mechanical difficulty in the competition time of the athletes is counted to calculate
：
The entropy of the i-th player instrument difficulty space utilization may then be expressed as:
the entropy values of the equipment difficulty space utilization of different athletes are compared to detect the full degree of the space utilization, and the larger the entropy value is, the richer the equipment difficulty space characteristics are in a certain time range, which means that the space utilization condition is better.
2. The method for detecting the spatial difficulty of the personal stick exercise equipment for the artistic gymnastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein a coordinate system is established according to the ground area and the direction, and the area 1 coordinate is 0, 0; the coordinates of the area 2 are 0, 1; the coordinates of the area 3 are 0 and 2; the coordinates of the area 4 are 0 and 3; the coordinates of the area 5 are 1, 0; the area 6 coordinates are 1, 1; the coordinates of the area 7 are 1, 2; the coordinates of the region 8 are 1, 3; the coordinates of the area 9 are 2, 0; the coordinates of the area 10 are 2, 1; the coordinates of the area 11 are 2, 2; the coordinates of the area 12 are 2, 3; the coordinates of the area 13 are 3, 0; region 14 coordinates 3, 1; region 15 is 3, 2; the region 16 is 3, 3.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction of the floor space is 8 directions in a clockwise rotation from the front, and the three directions are front, right rear, left front, right front, left front.
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