CN109721546B - 取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物及其制备方法、除草组合物和应用 - Google Patents
取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物及其制备方法、除草组合物和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109721546B CN109721546B CN201811641741.2A CN201811641741A CN109721546B CN 109721546 B CN109721546 B CN 109721546B CN 201811641741 A CN201811641741 A CN 201811641741A CN 109721546 B CN109721546 B CN 109721546B
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- -1 pyrimidine aryl ester derivative Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 71
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004916 (C1-C6) alkylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Chemical group C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004648 C2-C8 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004649 C2-C8 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004186 cyclopropylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域,具体涉及一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物及其制备方法、除草组合物和应用。
背景技术
杂草的防治是实现高效农业过程中一个至关重要的环节,尽管市场上的除草剂种类多样,例如,WO2005/063721A1、WO2007/082076A1、WO2005063721A1、US7863220B2、US7300907B2、US7642220B2、US7863220B2和US7786044B2公开了某些6-氨基-2-取代的-嘧啶-4-甲酸和其衍生物及其作为除草剂的用途。但由于市场的不断扩大、杂草的抗性、药物的使用寿命以及药物的经济性等问题以及人们对环境的日益重视,需要科学家们不断研究进而开发出新的高效、安全、经济以及具有不同作用方式的除草剂品种。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物及其制备方法、除草组合物和应用,所述化合物的除草活性优异,且具有更高的作物安全性,尤其是对于玉米、小麦、水稻等关键农作物建立了良好的选择性。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物,如通式I所示:
其中,
X代表烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、卤素、烯基、炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR1R2,其中R1代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的烷基、烯基或炔基,-COR12,硝基,OR13,SO2R14,NR15R16,N=CR17R18,烷基氨基甲酰基,二烷基氨基甲酰基,三烷基甲硅烷基或二烷基膦酰基;R2代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的烷基或-COR12;或者NR1R2代表N=CR21NR22R23,N=CR24OR25,未取代或被1-2个独立选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷氧基、烷硫基、卤代烷硫基、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、烷氧基羰基中的基团所取代的不含有或含有氧原子、硫原子或其它氮原子的5-或6-元饱和或不饱和环;
其中R11独立地代表卤素,羟基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,烷硫基,卤代烷硫基,氨基、烷基氨基,二烷基氨基,烷氧基羰基,未取代或取代的芳基、杂芳基;
R12代表H、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、苯基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
R13代表H、烷基、卤代烷基、苯基、苄基或CHR31C(O)OR32;R31代表H、烷基或烷氧基;R32代表H、烷基或苄基;
R14代表烷基、卤代烷基;
R15代表H、烷基、甲酰基、烷基酰基、卤代烷基酰基、烷氧基羰基、苯基羰基、苯氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基;R16代表H、烷基;
R21、R24分别独立地代表H或烷基;
R22、R23分别独立地代表H或烷基;或者NR22R23代表不含有或含有氧原子、硫原子或其它氮原子的5-或6-元饱和或不饱和环;
R25代表烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基;
A代表卤素、氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基;
C代表卤素、卤代烷基。
优选地,X代表C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、卤素、C2-C8烯基、C2-C8炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR1R2,其中R1代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基或C2-C8炔基,-COR12,硝基,OR13,SO2R14,NR15R16,N=CR17R18,C1-C8烷基氨基甲酰基,二C1-C8烷基氨基甲酰基,三C1-C8烷基甲硅烷基或二C1-C8烷基膦酰基;R2代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的C1-C8烷基或-COR12;或者NR3R4代表N=CR21NR22R23,N=CR24OR25,未取代或被1-2个独立选自卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、卤代C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、卤代C1-C8烷硫基、氨基、C1-C8烷基氨基、二C1-C8烷基氨基、C1-C8烷氧基羰基中的基团所取代的
其中R11独立地代表卤素,羟基,C1-C8烷氧基,卤代C1-C8烷氧基,C1-C8烷硫基,卤代C1-C8烷硫基,氨基,C1-C8烷基氨基,二C1-C8烷基氨基,C1-C8烷氧基羰基,未取代或被卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、硝基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R12代表H、C1-C18烷基、卤代C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、苯基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
R13代表H、C1-C8烷基、卤代C1-C8烷基、苯基、苄基或CHR31C(O)OR32;R31代表H、C1-C8烷基或C1-C8烷氧基;R32代表H、C1-C8烷基或苄基;
R14代表C1-C8烷基、卤代C1-C8烷基;
R15代表H、C1-C8烷基、甲酰基、C1-C8烷基酰基、卤代C1-C8烷基酰基、C1-C8烷氧基羰基、苯基羰基、苯氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基;R16代表H、C1-C8烷基;
R21、R24分别独立地代表H或C1-C8烷基;
R25代表C1-C8烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基,所述“芳基”是指苯基、萘基,所述“杂芳基”是指含有3至6个环原子且还可通过苯并环稠合的芳族环状基团,所述环原子中的1至4个杂原子选自氧、氮和硫,例如, 其中,其被选自卤素,硝基,氰基,氰硫基,羟基,羧基,巯基,甲酰基,未取代或被选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基中的至少一个基团所取代的苯基、苄基、苯氧基,含有或不含有卤素的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基或环烷基烷基,OR”,SR”,-烷基-OR”,-烷基-SR”,COR”,COOR”,COSR”,SOR”,SO2R”,OCOR”,SCOR”,被选自氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、COR”、SO2R”、OR”中的一个或两个基团所取代的氨基或氨基羰基,以及-OCH2CH2-,-OCH2O-,-OCH2CH2O-中的至少一个基团所取代;
R’分别独立地代表氢,硝基,羟基,氨基,含有或不含有卤素的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环烷基烷基、烷氧基、烯基氧基、炔基氧基、环烷基氧基、烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基、烷硫基羰基、烷基磺酰基、烷基磺酰基烷基、烷基羰基、烷基羰基烷基、烷基酰氧基、烷基氨基、烷基氨基羰基、烷氧基氨基羰基、烷氧基羰基烷基、烷氨基羰基烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、二烷基膦酰基;
R”分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有卤素的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基或环烷基烷基;
A代表卤素、氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、C1-C8烷基氨基、二C1-C8烷基氨基;
C代表卤素、卤代C1-C8烷基。
更优选地,X代表C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤素、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR3R4,其中R3代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基,-COR12,硝基,OR13,SO2R14,NR15R16,N=CR17R18,C1-C6烷基氨基甲酰基,二C1-C6烷基氨基甲酰基,三C1-C6烷基甲硅烷基或二C1-C6烷基膦酰基;R4代表H,未取代或任选地被1-2个R11取代的C1-C6烷基或-COR12;或者NR3R4代表N=CR21NR22R23,N=CR24OR25,未取代或被1-2个独立选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤代C1-C6烷硫基、氨基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二C1-C6烷基氨基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基中的基团所取代的
其中R11独立地代表卤素,羟基,C1-C6烷氧基,卤代C1-C6烷氧基,C1-C6烷硫基,卤代C1-C6烷硫基,氨基,C1-C6烷基氨基,二C1-C6烷基氨基,C1-C6烷氧基羰基,未取代或被卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、硝基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R12代表H、C1-C14烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、苯基、苯氧基或苄氧基;
R13代表H、C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基、苯基、苄基或CHR31C(O)OR32;R31代表H、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基;R32代表H、C1-C6烷基或苄基;
R14代表C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷基;
R15代表H、C1-C6烷基、甲酰基、C1-C6烷基酰基、卤代C1-C6烷基酰基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、苯基羰基、苯氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基;R16代表H、C1-C6烷基;
R21、R24分别独立地代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R25代表C1-C6烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基,所述“芳基”是指苯基、萘基,“杂芳基”是指 其中,其被选自卤素,硝基,氰基,氰硫基,羟基,羧基,巯基,甲酰基,未取代或被选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基中的1、2或3个基团所取代的苯基、苄基、苯氧基,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基,OR”,SR”,-(C1-C6)烷基-OR”,-(C1-C6)烷基-SR”,COR”,COOR”,COSR”,SOR”,SO2R”,OCOR”,SCOR”,被选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基、COR”、SO2R”、OR”中的一个或两个基团所取代的氨基或氨基羰基,以及-OCH2CH2-,-OCH2O-,-OCH2CH2O-中的0、1、2或3个基团所取代;
R’分别独立地代表氢,硝基,羟基,氨基,含有或不含有氟、氯、溴的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6环烯基、C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6烯基氧基、C2-C6炔基氧基、C3-C6环烷基氧基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C1-C6烷硫基羰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基、C1-C6烷基羰基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基酰氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、C1-C6烷基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷氧基氨基羰基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氨基羰基C1-C6烷基、三C1-C6烷基甲硅烷基、二C1-C6烷基膦酰基;
R”分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基。
A代表卤素、氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二C1-C6烷基氨基;
C代表卤素、卤代C1-C6烷基。
进一步优选地,X代表C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR3R4,
其中R3代表H,未取代或被1个R11取代的C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷基羰基,C1-C6烷氧基羰基,羟基,C1-C6烷氧基,苄基氧基,C1-C6烷基磺酰基,氨基,烷基氨基,二烷基氨基,N=CR17R18;
R4代表H,C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基;
R17代表H、C1-C6烷基;R18代表H、C1-C6烷基;
R22、R23分别独立地代表C1-C6烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基,所述“芳基”是指苯基、萘基,“杂芳基”是指 其中,其被选自卤素,硝基,氰基,氰硫基,羟基,羧基,巯基,甲酰基,未取代或被选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基中的1、2或3个基团所取代的苯基、苄基、苯氧基,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基,OR”,SR”,-(C1-C2)烷基-OR”,-(C1-C2)烷基-SR”,COR”,COOR”,COSR”,SOR”,SO2R”,OCOR”,SCOR”,被选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基、COR”、SO2R”、OR”中的一个或两个基团所取代的氨基或氨基羰基;
R’分别独立地代表含有或不含有氟、氯、溴的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C8环烷基C1-C2烷基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C2烷基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、C1-C6烷基羰基;
R”分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基。
A代表卤素、氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二C1-C6烷基氨基;
C代表卤素、卤代C1-C6烷基。
更进一步优选地,X代表氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基、乙基、烯丙基、乙炔基;
Z代表未取代或被选自氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、乙烯基、乙炔基、环丙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙烯基氧基、甲硫基乙硫基、甲氧基甲基、甲氧羰基、甲硫羰基、甲基磺酰基、氨基、二甲氨基、硝基、氰基、硫氰基、羟基、甲酰基、乙酰基、 苯基、苯氧基、苄基、被氯取代的苄基、被甲基取代的苄氧基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R’分别独立地代表甲基、乙基、异丙基、乙烯基、环丙基甲基、甲基磺酰基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基、甲氧基甲基;
在上述通式I所示化合物的定义和以下所有结构式中,所用专业术语不论单独使用或者使用在复合词中,代表如下取代基:具有多于两个碳原子的烷基基团可为直链或支链的。如复合词“-烷基-OR””中烷基可为-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-等。烷基基团为,例如,甲基;乙基;正丙基或异丙基;正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基或2-丁基;戊基;己基,例如正己基、异己基和1,3-二甲基丁基。卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
如果一个基团被基团所取代,则这应理解为意指该基团被一个或多个相同或不同的选自所提及的那些基团的基团取代。另外,相同或不同取代基中含有的相同或不同的取代字符均独立地选择,可相同也可不同。
所述取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:通式Ⅲ所示的化合物与通式Ⅱ所示的化合物发生酯化反应制得通式Ⅰ所示的化合物;其化学反应方程式如下:
优选地,所述反应在三乙胺、PyBOP和溶剂的存在下进行,所述溶剂选自乙腈、DMF、二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷中的一种或多种组合;所述反应温度为0~50℃。
一种除草剂组合物,其包括除草有效量的所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种,优选地,还包括制剂助剂。
一种控制杂草的方法,其包括将除草有效量的所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种或所述的除草剂组合物使用在植物上或者杂草区域。
所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种或所述的除草剂组合物在控制杂草上的用途,优选地,将所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物用于防除有用作物中的杂草,所述有用作物为转基因作物或者基因组编辑技术处理过的作物。
对于许多经济上重要的单子叶和双子叶有害植物,本发明的式I化合物具有突出的除莠活性。本发明的活性物质也对于多年生杂草有效,这些杂草从根茎、根状茎、或其它的多年生的器官上生长出来,很难控制。关于这点,是否在播种前、萌发前或萌发后使用该物质一般不重要。特别提及本发明化合物可以控制的单子叶和双子叶杂草群的代表例子,没有限制到的确定的物种。活性物质有效作用的杂草物种的例子包括单子叶植物:一年生燕麦属、黑麦、草属、看麦娘属、法拉里斯、稗、马唐属、狗尾草属和莎草属,和多年生的冰草属、狗牙根属、白茅属和高粱属、以及多年生的莎草属。
关于双子叶杂草物种,其作用可以扩展到的物种例如一年生的猪殃殃属、堇菜属、婆婆纳属、野芝麻属、繁缕属、苋属、白芥属、番薯属、黄花稔属、母菊属和苘麻属,和多年生杂草旋花属、蓟属、酸模属和艾属。本发明活性物质在水稻播种这种待定条件下有效控制有害植物,例如稗、慈姑属、泽泻属、荸荠属、蔗草和莎草属。如果将本发明化合物在萌芽前施用于土壤表面,可以在杂草长出前完全预防杂草的秧苗,或在杂草长出子叶时就停止生长,最后在三到四星期之后完全死亡。本发明化合物特别抗下述植物的活性优良,阿皮拉草、小野芝麻、卷茎蓼、繁缕、长春藤叶婆婆纳、阿拉伯婆婆纳、三色堇和苋、猪殃殃属和地肤。
虽然本发明化合物对于单子叶和双子叶的杂草具有优良的除莠活性,但对于重要的经济类作物植物,例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、稻子、玉米、甜菜、棉花和大豆却根本没有损害,或者是损害是微不足道的。特别是和谷类作物相容得很好,例如小麦、大麦和玉米,特别是小麦。因此,本发明化合物非常适于有选择地控制在农用作物或观赏植物中的无用植物。
由于它们的除莠性质,在已知或将要出现的遗传工程的植物耕种中,这些活性物质可以用于控制有害植物。转基因植物通常具有优越的性状,例如对特定杀虫剂特别是特定除草剂的抵抗力,对植物病害或植物病害的致病微生物的抵抗力,例如特定的昆虫或真菌、细菌或病毒的微生物。其它的特别性状与产品的下述条件有关,例如,数量、质量、贮存稳定性、组分和特殊的成分。如此,已经知道获得的转基因植物产品具有增加的淀粉含量或改进的淀粉质量或不同的脂肪酸成份。
本发明的式I化合物或其盐优选用于,经济上重要的转基因的作物和观赏植物,例如谷类,例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、粟、稻子、木薯和玉米、或用于甜菜、棉花、大豆、油菜籽、马铃薯、番茄、豌豆及其他蔬菜类植物的耕种。式I化合物优选用于有用植物耕种的除草剂,这些植物具有抗药性或通过遗传工程对除草剂的毒害作用具有抗药性。
传统的繁育具有比已知植物具有改进形状植物的方法包括,例如传统的交配方法和突变株繁育。换句话说,可以借助于遗传工程的方法(参见,例如EP-0221044 A,EP-0131624 A)来得到具有改进性状的新植物。例如,已经描述了几个方法:
-为了改进植物中的淀粉合成,利用遗传工程改变作物植物(例如WO 92/11376,WO92/14827,WO 91/19806);
-对特定的除草剂具有抗性的转基因作物植物,对草丁膦除草剂(例如EP-0242236A,EP-0242246 A)或对草甘膦类除草剂(WO 92/00377),或对磺酰脲类除草剂(EP-0257993A,US-5013659 A);
-例如棉花的转基因作物植物,它能够产生苏芸金杆菌毒素(Bt毒素),这种毒素可以防御特定害虫对植物的侵害(EP-0142924 A,EP-0193259 A);
-具有改进的脂肪酸成份的转基因作物植物(WO91/13972)。
已经知道许多能够制备具有改进性状转基因植物分子生物技术(参见,例如Sambrook等,1989,分子扩增,实验手册第二版,美国冷泉港实验室出版,冷泉港,纽约;或Winnacker“Gene und Klone”[基因和克隆],VCH Weinheim,第二版1996或Christou,“植物科学的趋势”1(1996)423-431))。为了实现遗传工程的操作,可能将核酸分子引入质粒,通过DNA序列的重组,发生突变或序列改变。利用上述的标准方法,例如可以交换底物、除去部分序列或增加自然的或合成的序列。为了将DNA片段互相连接,有可能在片段上附带有结合体或连接体。
可以用下述方法制备降低活性的基因产品的植物细胞,例如通过表达至少一种适当的反义-RNA、正义-RNA来达到共抑制的效果,或通过表达至少一种适当构造的核糖酶,它特定裂解上述基因产品的转录产物。
为此目的,有可能使用包含基因产物全部编码序列的DNA分子,包括有可能存在的任何旁侧序列,和使用包含仅仅一部分编码序列的DNA分子,这些部分必须足够长以达到在细胞中反义的效果。也可以使用与基因产物编码序列具有高度同源性但不完全相同的序列。
当在植物中表达核酸分子时,合成的蛋白质可以在任何期望的植物细胞室中定位。然而为了在特定的室定位,有可能例如将编码区和DNA序列连接,以确保在特定位置定位。这些序列为本领域所属技术人员已知的(参见,例如Braun等,EMBO J.11(1992)3219-3227;Wolter等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85(1988),846-850;Sonnewald等Plant J.1(1991),95-106)。
利用已知的技术可以将转基因植物细胞重组到整个植物上。转基因植物可以为任何期望的植物品种,即单子叶和双子叶植物。用这样的方式,通过超表达、禁止或抑制同源(=自然的)基因或基因序列,或通过异种的(=外部的)基因或者基因序列的表达,有可能获得改进性状的转基因植物。
当在转基因的作物上使用本发明的活性物质时,除了具有在其它作物上可观察到的抑制有害植物的效果外,经常在相应的转基因作物上会有特殊的效果,例如可以改进或扩大控制杂草的范围,改进应用时的施用量,优选转基因作物的抗药性和除草剂的性能很好的结合,并且转基因的作物植物的生长和产率的影响。因此本发明也提供了所述化合物的用途,作为除草剂控制转基因作物植物中的有害植物。
另外本发明化合物可以明显调节作物植物的生长。通过调节参与植物代谢,使用这些化合物定向控制植物的组分和促进收获,例如使植物干化和矮化生长。而且它们也适于调节和抑制不希望的植物生长,而不破坏作物的生长。抑制植物的生长在许多单子叶植物和双子叶植物作物中起着非常重要的作用,因为这样可以减少或完全预防倒伏。
可以使用一般的制剂来应用本发明的化合物,可使用可湿性粉剂、浓缩乳剂、可喷洒的溶液、粉末或颗粒。这样本发明也提供了包括式I化合物的除草剂组合物。根据通常的生物学和/或化学的物理参数,可以用多种方式配制式I化合物。适合的制剂选择实例为:可湿性粉剂(WP)、水溶性的粉末(SP)、水溶性的浓缩物、浓缩乳剂(EC)、例如油在水中分散和水在油中分散的乳剂(EW)、可喷洒溶液、悬浮剂浓缩物(SC)、可分散油悬浮剂(OD)、以油或水为稀释剂的悬浮液、可混溶油的溶液、粉末(DP)、胶囊悬浮液(CS)、包核(seeddressing)组合物、用于撒播和土壤施药的颗粒、喷射颗粒、涂覆颗粒和吸收颗粒,水中可分散的颗粒(WG)、水溶性的颗粒(SG)、ULV(超低容量)配方、微囊和蜡制品。这些单个的制剂类型为已知的,在下述文献中有描述,例如Winnacker-Küchler,“Chemische Techonologie”[化学工艺],第7卷,C.Hauser Verlag Munich,第4版1986;Wade van Valkenburg,“PesticideFormulations”,Marcel Dekker,N.Y.,1973;K.Martens,“Spray Drying”手册,第3版1979,G.Goodwin Ltd.London。
必要的制剂助剂,例如惰性物质、表面活性剂、溶剂及其它添加剂同样为已知的,并在下述文件中描述,例如Watkins的“粉末稀释剂杀虫剂和载体手册”,第二版,Darland书Caldwell N.J.;H.v.01phen“粘土胶体化学的入门”,第二版,J.Wiley和Sons,N.Y.;C.Marsden的“溶剂指南”第二版,Interscience,N.Y.1963;McCutcheon的“洗涤剂和乳化剂年报”,MC发行公司,Ridgewood N.J.;Sisley和Wood,“表面活性剂百科全书”,化学出版公司,N.Y.1964;的[环氧乙烷加成物表面活性剂],Wiss.Verlagagesell.Stuttgart 1976;Winnacker-Küchler的“ChemischeTechnologie”[化学工艺],第7卷,C.Hauser Verlag Munich,第4版1986。
可湿性粉剂能均匀地可分散在水中,除了活性物质,还包括稀释剂或惰性物质、离子和非离子型表面活性剂(润湿剂、分散剂),例如聚乙氧基烷基酚、聚乙氧基脂肪醇、聚氧乙基脂肪族胺、脂肪醇聚二醇醚硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基苯基磺酸盐、木质磺酸钠、2,2’-二萘甲烷-6,6’-二磺酸钠、二丁基萘磺酸钠或油酰甲基牛磺酸钠。为了制备可湿性粉剂,将除草剂的活性物质细磨,例如使用常用的仪器,如用锤磨机、风扇磨碎机和喷气式磨碎机,同时或顺序混入助剂。
将活性物质溶解在有机溶剂中制备浓缩乳剂,溶剂例如丁醇、环己酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲苯或较高沸点的芳族化合物或碳氢化合物或溶剂的混合物,并再加入一种或多种离子的和/或非离子型表面活性剂(乳化剂)。可以使用的乳化剂的例子为例如十二烷基苯磺酸钙的烷基芳基磺酸钙,或非离子乳化剂,例如脂肪酸聚二醇酯、烷基芳香基聚二醇醚、脂肪醇聚二醇醚、氧化丙烯-环氧乙烷缩合产物、烷基聚醚、例如山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯的山梨聚糖酯,或例如聚氧化乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酯的聚氧化乙烯山梨聚糖酯。
将活性物质和细碎的固态物质研磨得到粉末,固态物质例如滑石、如高岭土、皂土和叶蜡石的天然粘土、或硅藻土。以水或油为基底的悬浮液可以通过下述方法制备,例如利用商业上通用的玻珠研磨机进行湿磨,加入或不加入上述另一个制剂类型的表面活性剂。
制备例如水包油乳化剂(EW)的乳剂,可以使用含水的有机溶剂,使用搅拌器、胶体研磨器和/或静态混合器,如果需要,加入如上所述另一个制剂类型的表面活性剂。
用下述方法制备颗粒剂,将活性物质喷到吸附物上,使用惰性物料颗粒化,或将活性物质浓缩到例如沙、高岭石载体的表面,通过粘合剂将惰性物料粒化,粘合剂例如聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠或矿物油。可以用制备肥料颗粒剂的方法将合适的活性物质粒化,如果需要可以混有肥料。使用通常的方法制备水悬浮颗粒剂,例如喷洒-干燥,流化床造粒、磨盘造粒、使用高速混合机混合,并在无固体惰性物料的情况下挤压。
关于使用磨盘、流化床、挤压机和喷涂颗粒剂的制备方法,参见下述工艺,例如“Spray Drying手册”第三版1979,G.Goodwin有限公司,伦敦;J.E.Browning,“Agglomeration”,化学和工程1967,147ff页;“Perry’s化学的工程师手册”,第五版,McGraw-Hill,纽约1973,8-57页。如果要知道关于作物保护产品的制剂,参见例如,G.C.Klingman,“Weed Control as a Science”,John Wiley和Sons公司,纽约,1961 81-96页和J.D.Freyer,S.A.Evans“杂草防除手册”,第五版,Blackwell ScientificRublications,牛津大学1968,101-103页。
农用化学品制剂通常包含按重量计0.1到99%,特别是0.1到95%的活性物质式I。可湿性粉剂中活性物质的浓度为,按重量计例如从大约10到99%,通常的制剂组分构成按重量计剩余量到100%。活性物质在浓缩乳剂中的浓度按重量计可以为大约1到90%,优选5到80%。粉末制剂包含按重量计1到30%的活性物质,通常优选按重量计5到20%的活性物质,然而可喷洒的溶液包含按重量计大约0.05到80%,优选2到50%的活性物质。关于水悬浮颗粒剂中活性物质的含量,主要根据活性物质为液体还是固态,和造粒时使用的助剂、填料等等。水悬浮颗粒剂中活性物质的含量例如按重量计在1到95%之间,优选按重量计在10到80%之间。
另外所述的活性物质的制剂可以包括增粘剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、渗透剂、防腐剂、防冻剂、溶剂、填料、载体、着色剂、消泡剂、蒸发抑制剂和通常在所有情况下都常用的pH和粘度调节剂。
以这些制剂为基础,也可能和其他杀虫剂活性物质例如杀虫剂、杀螨剂、除草剂和杀菌剂混合,也可以和安全剂、肥料和/或植物生长调节剂混合,混合方式可以为预先混合好的或灌装混合。
在混配制剂或桶混制剂中,可以和本发明的活性物质混合的合适的活性物质为,例如《世界农药新品种技术大全》,中国农业科学技术出版社,2010.9和这里引用的文献中的已知物质。例如以下提到的除草剂活性物质可以和式I混合物混合,(备注:化合物的名称,或者为根据国际标准化组织(ISO)的普通名称,或者为化学名称,适当的时候有代号):乙草胺、丁草胺、甲草胺、异丙草胺、异丙甲草胺、精异丙甲草胺、丙草胺、毒草胺、克草胺、萘丙酰草胺、R-左旋萘丙酰草胺、敌稗、苯噻酰草胺、双苯酰草胺、吡氟酰草胺、杀草胺、氟丁酰草胺、溴丁酰草胺、二甲噻草胺、高效二甲噻草胺、乙氧苯草胺、氟噻草胺、甲氧噻草胺、吡草胺、异恶草胺、高效麦草伏甲酯、高效麦草伏丙酯、二丙烯草胺、烯草胺、丁酰草胺、环丙草胺、氟磺酰草胺、庚酰草胺、异丁草胺、丙炔草胺、特丁草胺、二甲苯草胺、二甲草胺、落草胺、三甲环草胺、氯甲酰草胺、炔苯酰草胺、戊酰苯草胺、卡草胺、新燕灵、三环赛草胺、丁烯草胺、牧草胺、苄草胺、醌萍胺、苯氟磺胺、萘丙胺、乙酰甲草胺、萘草胺、噻草胺、吡氰草胺、苯草多克死、草克乐、氯酞亚胺、丁脒胺、氟吡草胺、莠去津、西玛津、扑草净、氰草净、西草净、莠灭净、扑灭津、异丙净、氟草净、特丁净、特丁津、三嗪氟草胺、环丙津、甘扑津、草达津、扑灭通、西玛通、叠氮净、敌草净、异戊乙净、环丙青津、灭莠津、另丁津、仲丁通、特丁通、甲氧丙净、氰草净、抑草津、可乐津、莠去通、灭草通、甘草津、三聚氰酸、Indaziflam、绿磺隆、甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、氯嘧黄隆、苯磺隆、噻磺隆、吡嘧黄隆、甲基二磺隆、甲基碘磺隆钠盐、甲酰氨基嘧磺隆、醚磺隆、醚苯磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、胺苯磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、乙氧嘧磺隆、环丙嘧磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、四唑嘧磺隆、啶嘧黄隆、单嘧磺隆、单嘧磺酯、氟唑磺隆、氟啶嘧磺隆、氟吡嘧磺隆、环氧嘧磺隆、唑吡嘧磺隆、氟嘧磺隆、丙苯磺隆、三氟丙磺隆、磺酰磺隆、三氟啶磺隆、氟胺磺隆、三氟甲磺隆、甲磺隆钠盐、氟吡磺隆、甲硫嘧磺隆、嘧苯胺磺隆、Propyrisulfuron(丙嗪嘧磺隆)、嗪吡嘧磺隆、三氟羧草醚、氟磺胺草醚、乳氟禾草灵、乙羧氟草醚、乙氧氟草醚、草枯醚、苯草醚、氯氟草醚乙酯、甲羧除草醚、三氟甲草醚、甲氧除草醚、三氟硝草醚、氟化除草醚、氟呋草醚、除草醚、甲草醚、二甲草醚、氟酯肟草醚、氟草醚酯、Halosafen、绿麦隆、异丙隆、利谷隆、敌草隆、莎扑隆、氟草隆、苯噻隆、甲基苯噻隆、苄草隆、磺噻隆、异恶隆、特丁噻草隆、炔草隆、氯溴隆、甲基杀草隆、酰草隆、甲氧杀草隆、溴谷隆、甲氧隆、绿谷隆、灭草隆、环草隆、非草隆、氟硫隆、草不隆、枯草隆、草完隆、异草完隆、环莠隆、噻氟隆、丁噻隆、枯莠隆、对氟隆、甲胺噻唑隆、隆草特、三甲异脲、恶唑隆、Monisouron、Anisuron、Methiuron、Chloreturon、四氟隆、甜菜宁、甜菜宁-乙酯、甜菜安、磺草灵、特草灵、燕麦灵、苯胺灵、氯苯胺灵、二氯苄草酯、灭草灵、氯炔灵、Carboxazole、Chlorprocarb、Fenasulam、BCPC、CPPC、Carbasulam、丁草特、禾草丹、灭草猛、禾草特、野麦畏、哌草丹、禾草畏、稗草丹、环草敌、燕麦敌、菌达灭、乙硫草特、坪草丹、克草猛、苄草丹、仲草丹、硫烯草丹、草灭散、Isopolinate、Methiobencarb、2,4-滴丁酯、2甲4氯钠、2,4-滴异辛酯、2甲4氯异辛酯、2,4-滴钠盐、2,4-滴二甲胺盐、2甲4氯乙硫酯、2甲4氯、2,4-滴丙酸、高2,4-滴丙酸盐、2,4-滴丁酸、2甲4氯丙酸、2甲4氯丙酸盐、2甲4氯丁酸、2,4,5-涕、2,4,5-涕丙酸、2,4,5-涕丁酸、2甲4氯胺盐、麦草畏、抑草蓬、伐草克、赛松、三氯苯酸、氨二氯苯酸、甲氧三氯苯酸、禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵、氟吡甲禾灵、高效吡氟氯禾灵、喹禾灵、精喹禾灵、恶唑禾草灵、精恶唑禾草灵、喔草酯、氰氟草酯、恶唑酰草胺、炔草酯、噻唑禾草灵、炔禾灵、羟戊禾灵、三氟禾草肟、异恶草醚、百草枯、敌草快、安磺灵、乙丁烯氟灵、异丙乐灵、甲磺乐灵、环丙氟灵、氨基丙氟灵、乙丁氟灵、氯乙氟灵、氨基乙氟灵、地乐灵、氯乙地乐灵、Methalpropalin、丙硝酚、草甘膦、莎稗膦、草铵膦、甲基胺草磷、草硫膦、哌草膦、双丙氨膦、地散磷、抑草磷、蔓草磷、伐垅磷、双甲胺草磷、草特磷、咪唑烟酸、咪唑乙烟酸、咪唑喹啉酸、甲氧咪草烟、甲氧咪草烟铵盐、甲咪唑烟酸、咪草酯、氯氟吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯、二氯吡啶酸、氨氯吡啶酸、三氯吡氧乙酸、氟硫草定、卤草定、三氯吡啶酚、噻草啶、氟啶草酮、氯氨吡啶酸、氟吡草腙、三氯吡氧乙酸丁氧基乙酯、Cliodinate、稀禾啶、烯草酮、噻草酮、禾草灭、环苯草酮、丁苯草酮、肟草酮、吡喃草酮、Buthidazole、嗪草酮、环嗪酮、苯嗪草酮、乙嗪草酮、Ametridione、Amibuzin、溴苯腈、辛酰溴苯腈、辛酰碘苯腈、碘苯腈、敌草腈、二苯乙腈、双唑草腈、羟敌草腈、Iodobonil、唑嘧磺草胺、双氟磺草胺、五氟磺草胺、磺草唑胺、氯酯磺草胺、双氯磺草胺、啶磺草胺、氟草黄、双草醚、嘧啶肟草醚、环酯草醚、嘧草醚、嘧硫草醚、双环磺草酮、硝磺草酮、磺草酮、Tembotrione、Tefuryltrione、Bicyclopyrone、Ketodpiradox、异恶唑草酮、异恶氯草酮、Fenoxasulfone、Methiozolin、异丙吡草酯、吡草醚、吡唑特、野燕枯、苄草唑、吡草酮、吡氯草胺、Pyrasulfotole、苯唑草酮、Pyroxasulfone、唑草胺、氟胺草唑、杀草强、胺唑草酮、唑啶草酮、氟唑草酮、甲磺草胺、Bencarbazone、双苯嘧草酮、氟丙嘧草酯、除草定、异草定、环草啶、特草定、Flupropacil、吲哚酮草酯、氟烯草酸、丙炔氟草胺、炔草胺、酞苄醚、Flumezin、五氯酚(钠)、地乐酚、特乐酚、特乐酯、戊硝酚、二硝酚、氯硝酚、地乐施、地乐特、丙炔恶草酮、恶草酮、环戊恶草酮、氟唑草胺、嗪草酸甲酯、四唑酰草胺、氟哒嗪草酯、杀草敏、溴莠敏、二甲达草伏、哒草醚、草哒酮、草哒松、哒草伏、Pyridafol、二氯喹啉酸、氯甲喹啉酸、苯达松、哒草特、恶嗪草酮、草除灵、异恶草酮、环庚草醚、异丙酯草醚、丙酯草醚、茚草酮、氯酸钠、茅草枯、三氯醋酸、一氯醋酸、六氯丙酮、四氟丙酸、牧草快、溴酚肟、三唑磺、灭杀唑、呋草酮、呋草磺、乙呋草磺、嘧草胺、氯酞酸、氟咯草酮、稗草稀、丙烯醛、苯草灭、灭草环、燕麦酯、噻二唑草胺、棉胺宁、羟草酮、甲氧苯酮、苯嘧磺草胺、氯酰草膦、三氯丙酸、Alorac、Diethamquat、Etnipromid、Iprymidam、Ipfencarbazone、Thiencarbazone-methyl、Pyrimisulfan、Chlorflurazole、Tripropindan、Sulglycapin、甲硫磺乐灵、Cambendichlor、环丙嘧啶酸、硫氰苯胺、解草酮、解草啶、解草安、解草唑、解草喹、解草腈、解草烷、解草胺腈、解草烯、吡唑解草酯、呋喃解草唑、肟草安、双苯噁唑酸、二氯丙烯胺、氟氯吡啶酯、DOW氯氟吡啶酯、UBH-509、D489,LS 82-556、KPP-300、NC-324、NC-330、KH-218、DPX-N8189、SC-0744、DOWCO535、DK-8910、V-53482、PP-600、MBH-001、KIH-9201、ET-751、KIH-6127和KIH-2023。
当使用时,如果需要,将市售的制剂以常见的方式稀释,例如在可湿性粉剂、浓缩乳剂、悬浮液和在水中悬浮的颗粒时,使用水稀释。粉末、土壤施药所用的颗粒剂或撒播和喷洒的溶液,一般在使用前不需要进一步用惰性物质稀释。随着外部条件的变化,要求的式I化合物的使用量也不同,外部条件为,例如温度、湿度、使用的除草剂的性质等等。它可以有大的变化幅度,例如在0.001到1.0kg/ha之间,或更多的活性物质,但优选在0.005到750g/ha之间,特别是在0.005到250g/ha之间。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于举例说明本发明,不应当视其为以任何方式限制本发明。本发明要求保护的权利范围通过权利要求书进行说明。
鉴于化合物的经济性与多样性,我们优选合成了一些化合物,在合成的诸多化合物中,选取部分列于下表1中。具体的化合物结构及相应的化合物信息如表1所示。表1中的化合物只是为了更好的说明本发明,但并不限定本发明,对于本领域的技术人员而言,不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下化合物。
表1化合物结构及其1HNMR数据
制备本发明化合物的数种方法详解说明于以下方案和实施例中。原料可以经市场购买到或者可以通过文献中已知的方法或者如详解所示进行制备。本领域技术人员应当理解,也可以利用其它合成路线合成本发明的化合物。尽管在下文中已经对合成路线中的具体原料和条件进行了说明,但是,可以很容易地将其替换为其它类似的原料及条件,这些对本发明制备方法的变型或者变体而产生的诸如化合物的各种异构等都包括在本发明范围内。另外,如下所述制备方法可以按照本发明公开内容、使用本领域技术人员熟知的常规化学方法进行进一步修饰。例如,在反应过程中对适当的基团进行保护等等。
以下提供的方法实施例用于促进对本发明的制备方法的进一步了解,使用的具体物质、种类和条件确定为是对本发明的进一步说明,并不是对其合理范围的限制。在下表中表明的合成化合物中使用的试剂或者可以市场购买到,或者可以由本领域普通技术人员轻易制备得到。
代表性化合物的实施例如下,其他化合物的合成方法类似,此处不再详细说明。
1、化合物2的制备:
在10毫升的DCM中依次加入a(0.5g),Et3N(1.2eq)和b(1.2eq)然后在20℃条件下加入PyBOP(1.2eq),反应液在20℃条件下搅拌4小时。LCMS检测显示原料基本反应完毕,有一个主要的新峰。将反应液倒入10毫升水中,分液,水相用20毫升乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用饱和食盐水(10ml)洗一次,干燥,旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物2(0.45g,73%收率)(白色固体)。
2、化合物10的制备:
在10毫升的DMF中依次加入c(0.5g),Et3N(1.2eq)和b(1.2eq)然后在30℃条件下加入PyBOP(1.2eq),反应液在30℃条件下搅拌4小时。LCMS检测显示原料基本反应完毕,有一个主要的新峰。将反应液倒入10毫升水中,分液,水相用20毫升乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用饱和食盐水(10ml)洗一次,干燥,旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物10(0.37g,62%收率)(白色固体)。
3、化合物42的制备:
在10毫升的乙腈中依次加入d(0.5g),Et3N(1.2eq)和b(1.2eq)然后在40℃条件下加入PyBOP(1.2eq),反应液在40℃条件下搅拌4小时。LCMS检测显示原料基本反应完毕,有一个主要的新峰。将反应液倒入10毫升水中,分液,水相用20毫升乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用饱和食盐水(10ml)洗一次,干燥,旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物42(0.40g,65%收率)(白色固体)。
4、化合物68的制备:
在10毫升的1,2-二氯乙烷中依次加入e(0.5g),Et3N(1.2eq)和b(1.2eq)然后在50℃条件下加入PyBOP(1.2eq),反应液在50℃条件下搅拌4小时。LCMS检测显示原料基本反应完毕,有一个主要的新峰。将反应液倒入10毫升水中,分液,水相用20毫升乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用饱和食盐水(10ml)洗一次,干燥,旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物68(0.47g,81%收率)(白色固体)。
5、化合物202的制备:
在10毫升的DCM中依次加入a(0.5g),Et3N(1.2eq)和f(1.2eq)然后在25℃条件下加入PyBOP(1.2eq),反应液在25℃条件下搅拌4小时。LCMS检测显示原料基本反应完毕,有一个主要的新峰。将反应液倒入10毫升水中,分液,水相用20毫升乙酸乙酯萃取一次,有机相用饱和食盐水(10ml)洗一次,干燥,旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物202(0.32g,59%收率)(白色固体)。
生物活性评价:
植物破坏(即生长控制率)的活性级别标准如下:
5级:生长控制率在85%以上;
4级:生长控制率大于等于60%且小于85%;
3级:生长控制率大于等于40%且小于60%;
2级:生长控制率大于等于20%且小于40%;
1级:生长控制率大于等于5%且小于20%;
0级:生长控制率小于5%。
以上生长控制率为鲜重控制率。
(1)苗后测试实验:将单子叶和双子叶杂草种子以及主要作物种子(小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆、棉花、油菜、谷子、高粱)放置在装有土壤的塑料盆中,然后覆盖0.5-2厘米土壤,使其在良好的温室环境中生长,播种2-3周后处理测试植物,分别将供试的本发明化合物用丙酮溶解,然后加入吐温80,用一定的水稀释成一定浓度的溶液,用喷雾塔喷施到植物上。施药后在温室中培养3周,3周后杂草的实验效果列于表2-3。
表2苗后杂草试验(杂草4-5叶期)
注:施用剂量为有效成分45克/公顷,兑水量为450公斤/公顷。
表3苗后杂草试验(施用剂量为有效成分30克/公顷,杂草3叶期,水稻3叶期)
(2)直播水稻2-3叶期,稗草3叶期茎叶喷雾安全性与活性测试,结果如表5所示。用两种水稻抑制10%的化合物剂量平均数与稗草的抑制90%的剂量之比作为作物的选择指数,通常认为选择指数至少大于2才有可能生产中安全使用,选择指数越高越好。
表4安全性与活性测试结果(施用剂量为有效成分30克/公顷)
化合物序号 | 粳稻 | 籼稻 | 稗草 | 选择指数 |
2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2.1 |
84 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2.5 |
86 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
对照化合物B | 4 | 4 | 5 | 0.9 |
对照化合物C | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1.2 |
(3)小麦3叶期,婆婆纳4-5叶期茎叶喷雾安全性与活性测试,结果如表6所示。用小麦抑制10%的化合物剂量平均数与婆婆纳的抑制90%的剂量之比作为作物的选择指数,通常认为选择指数至少大于2才有可能生产中安全使用,选择指数越高越好。
表5安全性与活性测试结果(施用剂量为有效成分30克/公顷)
化合物序号 | 小麦 | 婆婆纳 | 选择指数 |
78 | 0 | 5 | 6.2 |
79 | 0 | 5 | 5.5 |
84 | 0 | 5 | 5.4 |
132 | 0 | 5 | 6.4 |
对照化合物D | 2 | 3 | 0.5 |
(4)玉米3叶期,苘麻、藜4-5叶期茎叶喷雾安全性与活性测试,结果如表6所示。用玉米抑制10%的化合物剂量平均数与阔叶草平均的抑制90%的剂量之比作为作物的选择指数,通常认为选择指数至少大于2才有可能生产中安全使用,选择指数越高越好。
表6安全性与活性测试结果(施用剂量为有效成分30克/公顷)
化合物序号 | 玉米 | 藜 | 苘麻 | 选择指数 |
81 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 6.2 |
132 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5.5 |
对照化合物B | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1.2 |
对照化合物C | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1.5 |
对照化合物D | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1.7 |
以上各表可知,与对照化合物相比,本发明的化合物通过改变母环结构、取代基以及羧基衍生物类型等,明显提高了作物安全性和除草活性,尤其是对于玉米、水稻、小麦等关键农作物建立了良好的选择性,而对照化合物对主要作物选择性差,可见本发明取得了优异的意料之外的技术效果。
(5)苗前测试实验:
将单子叶和双子叶杂草种子以及主要作物种子(小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆、棉花、油菜、谷子、高粱)放置在装有土壤的塑料盆中,然后覆盖0.5-2厘米土壤,分别将供试的本发明化合物用丙酮溶解,然后加入吐温80,用一定的水稀释成一定浓度的溶液,播种后立即喷施。施药后在温室中培养4周,3周后观察实验结果,发现本发明的药剂多数在250克/公顷计量下效果出众,尤其对稗草、马塘、苘麻等杂草,且很多化合物对玉米、小麦、水稻、大豆、油菜有良好的选择性。
通过实验我们发现本发明所述化合物普遍具有较好的杂草防效,尤其对于玉米田、水稻田、小麦田广泛发生的杂草稗草、马唐、狗尾草等主要禾本科杂草以及苘麻、蔊菜、鬼针草等主要的阔叶杂草有良好的效果,具备良好的商业价值。尤其是我们注意到对于ALS抑制剂有抗性的蔊菜、播娘蒿、荠菜、麦家公、猪殃殃、繁缕等阔叶杂草有极高的活性。
(6)移栽水稻安全性评价与水田杂草防效评价:
在1/1,000,000公顷罐中装入水田土壤后,播种稗草、萤蔺、狼把草、野慈姑的种子,在其上轻轻地覆盖土。其后以蓄水深0.5-1厘米的状态静置于温室内,第二天或者2天后植入野慈姑的块茎。其后保持蓄水深3-4厘米,在稗草、萤蔺、狼把草达到0.5叶,野慈姑达到初生叶期的时间点,将按照通常的制剂方法调制本发明化合物而成的可湿性粉剂或者悬浮剂的水稀释液,用吸液管进行均匀的滴下处理以达到规定的有效成分量。
另外,在1/1,000,000公顷罐中装入水田土壤后,进行平整,使蓄水深3-4厘米,第二天以移栽深度3厘米来移植3叶期的水稻(粳稻)。移植后第5天与上述同样地处理本发明化合物。
分别用肉眼观察药剂处理后第14天稗草、萤蔺、狼把草及野慈姑的生育状态,药剂处理后第21天水稻的生育状态,以上述1-5级的活性标准级别评价除草效果,很多化合物表现出了优异的活性和选择性。
注:稗草、萤蔺、野慈姑、狼把草种子均采集自中国黑龙江,经过检测对常规剂量的吡嘧磺隆有抗药性。
同时经过很多测试发现,本发明所述化合物很多对结缕草、狗牙根、高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草、海滨雀稗等禾本科草坪有很好的选择性,能防除很多关键禾本科杂草以及阔叶杂草。对不同施药方式下的甘蔗、大豆、棉花、油葵、马铃薯、果树、蔬菜等测试也显示出极好的选择性和商业价值。
Claims (12)
1.一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物,如通式I所示:
其中,
X代表C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、卤素、C2-C8烯基或C2-C8炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR1R2,
其中R1代表H、未取代或任选地被1个R11取代的C1-C8烷基、-COR12、OR13、SO2R14、NR15R16或N=CR17R18;
R2代表H、C1-C8烷基或-COR12;
其中R11独立地代表羟基,C1-C8烷氧基,氨基,C1-C8烷基氨基,二C1-C8烷基氨基,C1-C8烷氧基羰基,未取代或被卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、硝基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R12代表H、C1-C18烷基或C1-C8烷氧基;
R13代表H、C1-C8烷基、苄基或CHR31C(O)OR32;R31代表H或C1-C8烷基;R32代表H或C1-C8烷基;
R14代表C1-C8烷基;
R15代表H、C1-C8烷基、甲酰基或C1-C8烷基酰基;R16代表H或C1-C8烷基;
R17代表H或C1-C8烷基;R18代表H或C1-C8烷基;
R21代表H或C1-C8烷基;
R22、R23分别独立地代表H或C1-C8烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基,所述“芳基”是指苯基或萘基,“杂芳基”是指 其中,其被选自卤素,硝基,氰基,氰硫基,未取代或被选自卤素、C1-C6烷基中的1、2或3个基团所取代的苯基、苄基或苯氧基,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基,OR”,SR”,-(C1-C6)烷基-OR”,-(C1-C6)烷基-SR”,COR”,COOR”,COSR”,SOR”,SO2R”,OCOR”,SCOR”,以及被选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基中的一个或两个基团所取代的氨基或氨基羰基中的0、1、2或3个基团所取代;
R’分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有氟、氯、溴的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基或C1-C6烷基羰基;
R”分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C6烷基;
A代表卤素或氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷硫基、C1-C8烷基氨基或二C1-C8烷基氨基;
C代表卤素或卤代C1-C8烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物,其特征在于,
X代表C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、卤素、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR1R2,
其中R1代表H、未取代或任选地被1个R11取代的C1-C6烷基、-COR12、OR13、SO2R14、NR15R16或N=CR17R18;
R2代表H、C1-C6烷基或-COR12;
其中R11独立地代表羟基,C1-C6烷氧基,氨基,C1-C6烷基氨基,二C1-C6烷基氨基,C1-C6烷氧基羰基,未取代或被卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、硝基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R12代表H、C1-C14烷基或C1-C6烷氧基;
R13代表H、C1-C6烷基、苄基或CHR31C(O)OR32;R31代表H或C1-C6烷基;R32代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R14代表C1-C6烷基;
R15代表H、C1-C6烷基、甲酰基或C1-C6烷基酰基;R16代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R17代表H或C1-C6烷基;R18代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R21代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R22、R23分别独立地代表H或C1-C6烷基;
A代表卤素或氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二C1-C6烷基氨基;
C代表卤素或卤代C1-C6烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物,其特征在于,
X代表C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基;
Y代表硝基或NR1R2,
其中R1代表H、未取代或被1个R11取代的C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、苄基氧基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基、氨基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二C1-C6烷基氨基或N=CR17R18;
R2代表H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基或C1-C6烷氧基羰基;
R17代表H或C1-C6烷基;R18代表H或C1-C6烷基;
R22、R23分别独立地代表C1-C6烷基;
Z代表未取代或取代的芳基或杂芳基,所述“芳基”是指苯基或萘基,“杂芳基”是指 其中,其被选自卤素,硝基,氰基,氰硫基,未取代或被选自卤素、C1-C6烷基中的1、2或3个基团所取代的苯基、苄基或苯氧基,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基,OR”,SR”,-(C1-C2)烷基-OR”,-(C1-C2)烷基-SR”,COR”,COOR”,COSR”,SOR”,SO2R”,OCOR”,SCOR”,以及被选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基中的一个或两个基团所取代的氨基或氨基羰基中的0、1、2或3个基团所取代;
R’分别独立地代表含有或不含有氟、氯、溴的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C3-C8环烷基C1-C2烷基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C2烷基、C1-C6烷氧基羰基、C1-C6烷基磺酰基或C1-C6烷基羰基;
R”分别独立地代表氢,含有或不含有卤素的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基或C3-C6环烷基C1-C2烷基;
A代表卤素或氨基;
B代表氢,卤素,含有或不含有卤素取代的C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基或二C1-C6烷基氨基;
C代表卤素或卤代C1-C6烷基。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物,其特征在于,
X代表氟、氯、溴、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲基、乙基、烯丙基或乙炔基;
Z代表未取代或被选自氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、乙烯基、乙炔基、环丙基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、乙烯基氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、甲氧基甲基、甲氧羰基、甲硫羰基、甲基磺酰基、氨基、二甲氨基、硝基、氰基、氰硫基、羟基、甲酰基、乙酰基、 苯基、苯氧基、苄基或被氯取代的苄基中的1-3个基团所取代的苯基、萘基、
R’分别独立地代表甲基、乙基、异丙基、乙烯基、环丙基甲基、甲基磺酰基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基或甲氧基甲基;
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应在三乙胺、PyBOP和溶剂的存在下进行,所述溶剂选自乙腈、DMF、二氯甲烷和1,2-二氯乙烷中的一种或多种组合;所述反应温度为0~50℃。
8.一种除草剂组合物,其特征在于,包括除草有效量的权利要求1-5任意一项所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的除草剂组合物,其特征在于,还包括制剂助剂。
10.一种控制杂草的方法,其特征在于,包括将除草有效量的权利要求1-5任意一项所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种或权利要求8或9所述的除草剂组合物使用在植物上或者杂草区域。
11.如权利要求1-5任意一项所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物中的至少一种或权利要求8或9所述的除草剂组合物在控制杂草上的用途。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于,将所述的取代的嘧啶芳酯衍生物用于防除有用作物中的杂草,所述有用作物为转基因作物或者基因组编辑技术处理过的作物。
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