CN109699388A - A kind of cultural method of high-quality grape - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of high-quality grape, belong to wine-growing technical field.This method can obtain the sunlight rose grape of high-quality, and wholesale price can promote 75% or more up to 35 yuan/kg, compared with general planting method；Income can promote 12% or more up to 60,000 yuan/mu, compared with general planting method；It is more convenient for managing, at least reduces by 5 workaday working hours per acre；Fruit-growing time is long, up to 50 days or so, can extend 20 days or so compared with general planting method；It substantially is not in situations such as day is bright, gas burns and overgrows.

Description

A kind of cultural method of high-quality grape

Technical field

The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of high-quality grape, more particularly to The implantation methods of sunlight rose.

Background technique

Sunlight rose (Shine-Muscat), alias: summer sound Maas Ka Te, dazzling rose are Franco-american, by Japan Fruit tree test site An Yunjin grape, the breeding of persimmon research department form, and parent is ' An Yunjin 21 ' and ' Bai Nan '.In recent years, it opens Beginning introduces China successively, carries out plant and plants experimentally and promote.The kind fruit ear cone, fringe weigh 600 grams or so, and big fringe is up to 1800 Gram or so, average 8-12 grams of fruit weight.Fruit it is raw close, ellipse, yellow green, fruit face is glossy, and fruit powder is few.Pulp is fresh and crisp Succulence has rose scent, and soluble solid 20% or so reaches as high as 26%, and fresh food quality is extremely excellent, can become grape industry Update substitution one of commercial variety.

Sunlight rose is as a kind of quality preferably kind, if will appear following three using the general planting method of grape A problem:

1, situations such as more general kind of fruit tree is luxuriant, easily overgrows；

2, fruit easily occur day burn and gas burn phenomenon, this is difficult to overcome the problems, such as when being sunlight rose plant；

3, yield is higher, fruit ear is larger, fruit is smaller and does not have fragrance, causes quality lower, price differs not with common glucose Greatly, retail price cannot embody its price advantage substantially in 10 yuan/jin or so.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of cultural method of high-quality grape, this method can obtain the sunlight rose of high-quality Rare grape, wholesale price can promote 75% or more up to 35 yuan/kg, compared with general planting method；Income is up to 60,000 yuan/mu, more routinely Implantation methods can promote 12% or more；It is more convenient for managing and operate, at least reduce by 5 workaday working hours per acre；Fruit-growing time It is long, up to 50 days or so, 20 days or so can be extended compared with general planting method；It substantially is not in that day is bright, gas burns and the feelings such as overgrowing Condition.The technical solution is as follows.

The present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of high-quality grape, for planting sunlight rose, this method comprises:

(1) management of seedling: improveing soil before field planting, and application decomposed manure is turned in cooperation, and dosage is vertical for 10-15 Side/mu, spacing in the rows is 1.5-2.5m, line-spacing 5-7m when field planting, and plantation row is preferably north-south, combines trimming after tree body molding Intermediate cutting is carried out, makes spacing in the rows 3-5m, using H-type frame culture tree-shaped.It can specifically be planted using the density of 4m*6m.This is specially Benefit uses thin planting, there is tree crown to expand, root system expands, it is tree-like it is big, to be more conducive to fruit growth, accumulated temperature small, complicated and confused (trunk 4 years big 10cm or so), control prosperous growth, grape variety promoted and tree vigo(u)r growing way it is slower the advantages that.

(2) management of Cheng Shu:

The processing of a branches and tendrils:

201 bud pickings: hibernaculum carries out after sprouting, and a strong branch is only stayed in each bud eye position, remaining will erase.

202 determine the tip: branch it is long to 18-24cm or so when, 5-7 days generally after bud picking, select and remain a close main stem (or Trunk) branch, remaining extra branch will cut.

203 bondages: determine after the tip when branch it is long to 30-40cm when branch is strapped in frame face steel wire on.

204 heavy pinchings: 2-3 piece leaf same position (generally in same horizontal line) heavy pinching is stayed more than inflorescence.

The processing of 205 sublateral shoots: after heavy pinching 3 days, the following sublateral shoot of inflorescence is all erased, and first sublateral shoot stays 4 on inflorescence Leaf carries out pinching processing without offspring, and the sublateral shoot of the top continues up growth, carries out pinching processing again to before blooming, remaining sublateral shoot It all erases, the 3-4 leaf for only retaining a sublateral shoot topmost every time later carries out repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, directly To growing into lew edge (if there is) or to mid-September, later sublateral shoot will be forced to wipe out.

It is significantly different in heavy pinching and this two step of the processing of sublateral shoot and conventional method in above-mentioned treatment process.Conventional kind Plant method: retaining 6-8 leaf, and using colored pinching is seen, inflorescence will not elongate naturally, and needing to elongate using hormone (causes inflorescence loose Dissipate), cause fruit ear not close, is also easy to appear big fruitlet situation.In addition, conventional method is there is also the problems such as irregular of blooming, Time of occurrence successively of usually blooming is up to 7-10 days, and this patent flowering time concentrates on being conducive within 3-7 days flowers and fruits processing.

The processing of b flowers and fruits:

211 flower thinning sequences: first by sick, lopsided, inflorescence is degenerated, that sum that position has some setbacks is had damage etc. is undesirable Inflorescence removes, and each branch only retains an inflorescence.

212 panicle prunings: pruning is carried out to inflorescence after inflorescence separation, stays 15-18 branch of fringe point, remaining whole It wipes out.

The processing of 213 fruit retentions: denuclearization processing is carried out using plant endogenous hormones, dips in inflorescence in 3 days after entire inflorescence full gate Processing；It is easy to appear big granule too early, it is low then to will lead to Seedless Rate too late.

214 determine fringe: after fruit retention is handled 3 days, the bad fruit ear that will bear fruit is wiped out, and the well-developed fruit ear of healthy growth is stayed.

215 fruit thinnings: fruit starts a fruit thinning after occupying stably, and removes malformed fruit, disease fruit and residual fruit.

216 expand processing: carrying out within 10-15 days expanding processing after fruit retention processing.

217 secondary fruit thinnings: every string fruit ear uniformly stays 60-80 fruits, usually after the completion of expanding processing.

218 baggings: spraying broad spectrum type fungicide in full garden after fruit thinning can be carried out bagging after medical fluid is dry.

In above-mentioned treatment process, mode, the quantity of secondary fruit thinning and the fruit retention of panicle pruning processing handle and determine at fringe The opportunity of reason and conventional method are significantly different.

This patent only needs to make a call within every 10-15 days a branch, and stays fringe few, can significantly reduce workload；Fruit ear is longer, convenient Fruit retention；It blooms neat and concentrates, bloom within 3-7 days；Single layer flower, single layer fruit, as a result band, inter space and ventilation strip layering are clearly demarcated and each Band is each located in same level, easily operated and management；Inflorescence elongates naturally, without using hormone, inflorescence centre exhibition It opens, nutrition can be concentrated on inflorescence, it is neat, close to make fruit ear, while can guarantee the yield of second year.

(3) fertilizer and water management:

301 vernalization fertilizer: 5-8 days 3-5kg/ mus of application calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer before rudiment is applied again if tree vigo(u)r is weaker With water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus.

302 Hua Qianfei: 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble phosphate fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer before blooming, if tree vigo(u)r compared with 2-3kg/ mus of the weak nitrogenous fertilizer of administration of water soluble again.

303 first times expanded fertilizer: fruit occupies stably latter 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer.

304 expand fertilizer for second: application calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mus+water soluble potassic fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer 3-5kg/ Mu, administration time are usually to expand first 1 day or the same day of processing.

305 sugar content increase of fruits fertilizer: 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble potash fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer, usually at bagging After reason before fruit maturation.

306 time of childbirths fertilizer: water-soluble nitrogen phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer 3-5kg/ is used after fruit harvesting Mu.

307 base manure: by the end of September to October, apply 40-60kg/ mus of decomposed manure 3000-5000kg/ mus+calcium superphosphate+ Middle trace element fertilizer 1-2kg/ mus, full garden is poured primary permeable after fertilising.

(4) tree lower limit grass, the mode of inter-row green covering the prevention and treatment of crop smothering: are taken.

Specifically, H-type frame culture tree-shaped specifically includes: plantation row is preferably north-south, when nursery stock grows to 1.7-1.9 meters 1.5-1.7 carrying out pinching fixed pole at rice；Two, top sublateral shoot is only stayed to be cultivated after pinching as main stem, remaining sublateral shoot is all smeared It removes, main stem, which is drawn, ties up direction as East and West direction；Pinching processing is carried out at 1.4-1.6 rice when long to 1.6-1.8 meters of main stem, before only staying Holding two sublateral shoots, branch is cultivated as a result, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, and fruitful branch, which draws, ties up direction as north-south；To fruitful branch Pinching processing is carried out when growing to 6-8 piece leaf again, the sublateral shoot on fruitful branch will all retain, and grow into 4-5 piece leaf Shi Zaici carries out pinching processing, stays 2 leaves that pinching processing is repeated later；But the sublateral shoot of front end will be then to previous existence It is long, pinching processing is repeated when growing 6-8 piece leaf every time, when the fruitful branch with adjacent nursery stock is at a distance of 16cm-24cm, stops Only continue to grow further along.

Further, in step (1) (fertilising of seedling): there is tendril at the beginning of August after rudiment, every 10-15 days Fertilising is primary, 4-6kg/ mus of first time administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-6kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer, later administration of water soluble N P and K 4-6kg/ mus of 3-6kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer of compound fertilizer's (commercially available fruits and vegetables specific complex or grape special complex fertilizer, rear same).

The amount of application of chemical fertilizer can not only be reduced using water-soluble fertilizer substantially in the present embodiment, reduce the injury to soil； The utilization rate of fertilizer can also be improved；Meanwhile it also can be reduced working hour.

Further, method provided by the invention further include: (5) management of disease pest and weed:

When 501 rudiment: the spraying 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur of full garden；

When 502 lamina: using happy+fertile life of safe and sound life+Amy；

When 503 inflorescences separate: using safe and sound life+decis+fertile raw+Shi Jiale；

Before 504 bloom: using fluoxastrobin+fertile raw+Shi Jiale；

After 505 bear fruit: opposing steady+fertile life using taking；

When 506 bagging: happy using Lu Nasen+fertile life+Amy；

After 507 baggings: using safe and sound life+decis+fertile life.

(except step 501) is Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH commercial product, obtained fruit meets Europe without insect pest to aforementioned insecticide Export standard (pesticide residue), dosage are the applicable dosage of each insecticide (see specification).

Specifically, step 213 uses concentration to carry out fruit retention processing for 25ppm gibberellic acid+1ppm chloropyuril.

Specifically, step 216 uses concentration to carry out expanding processing for 25ppm gibberellic acid+2ppm chloropyuril.

Preferably, it can avoid fruit russeting using blue or green fruit bag in step 218, promote product condition.

Wherein, step (4) specifically includes: the region from trunk 50-60cm does not allow weed growth and covers rice husk, other Region allows weed growth, cradles in weed growth more than 20cm, stays root, and the green manure cradled application is (straight in the soil It connects and is placed on ground or is embedded in soil).Specifically, weeds can grow naturally or artificial growth, kind are preferably gramineae plant. It can avoid the use of herbicide using this method, reduce the soil moisture, gas is avoided to burn, have the function of water conservation, soil conservation.Weeds Root system can draw the unwanted nutrient realization of extra nitrogen and grape and soil is adjusted.

These steps are not strictly to carry out according to the time, can be adjusted and combine with interspersed according to the actual situation.

To sum up, using this cultural method, it is easier to which operation and management more saving working hour, can promote the quality of product, be promoted Income extends fruit-growing time, realizes standardized planting and management.Meanwhile it being more suitable for the picking garden open to tourist, tourist's Experience is more preferable.

Specific embodiment

To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further Ground detailed description.

Present embodiments provide a kind of cultural method of high-quality grape, comprising the following steps:

One, orchard establishment

1, plot selects: selection topography is flat as far as possible, soil layer is deep and loosing soil is fertile, the content of organic matter is high, illumination is sufficient, Irrigation and drainage are convenient and nearby do not have contamination type enterprise, and traffic convenience is also one of key factor.

2, Garden Planning: local advantageous natural conditions and resource are made full use of, unfavorable factor, the reasonable cloth of comprehensive planning are avoided Office.Large-scale orchard has to consider road in park problem, and main road (6 meters wide) and branch (3-4 meters wide) are reasonably combined by garden point Several regions are cut into, general area is 100 meters or so wide 50 meters or so long, is laid out the behaviour for facilitating later garden work in every in this way Make.

3, soil improvement: before orchard establishment early period, improveing garden entirety or local soil, organic in soil to increase Matter content and various nutritional ingredients, while monolith soil is carried out to plough deeply finishing, facilitate later farming operations.Generally apply per acre Enter 10-15 cubes of various muck of abundant decomposed fermentation, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields and ploughed deeply on field planting ridge with excavator, it is general deep 40-50cm, wide 80-100cm, general planting behavior north-south.

4, the selection of frame type: the characteristics of according to sunlight rose grape, many tree-like and posture of Experimental comparison is final show Preferably " H-type frame ".

5, the selection of nursery stock: the cultivation of sunlight rose requires strong tree culture, and only strong tree vigo(u)r can just be produced good Fruit, but sunlight rose variety itself has a disadvantage, weaker in growth tree vigo(u)r early period, the later period gradually becomes strong, so being Early yield and economic benefit consider, need to select the grafting of surging stock, such as: so4, Bei Da, summer be black, 5BB and 3309 etc..

Two, field management

1, the management of seedling: in production in order to consider the yield and efficiency problem of early period, typically taking dense planting early period, after Phase carries out thin planting management by reasonable intermediate cutting year by year, adjusts tree vigo(u)r with this, keeps the growth of tree body health.With " H-type frame " For, it is 2 meters that when field planting, which selects spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is 6 meters, and mu is colonized 56, combines trimming to carry out intermediate cutting after tree body molding, protects Holding spacing in the rows is 4 meters, and line-spacing remains unchanged, and mu stays 28.

1. tree-like culture: the culture of seedling carries out pictograph culture according to the shape of " H " letter, and nursery stock first grows to 1.8 Pinching fixed pole is carried out when rice at 1.6 meters；Two, top sublateral shoot is only stayed to be cultivated after pinching as main stem, remaining sublateral shoot is whole It erases, main stem, which is drawn, ties up direction as East and West direction；Pinching processing is carried out at 1.5 meters when long to 1.7 meters of main stem, only stays front end two Sublateral shoot as a result cultivated by branch, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, and fruitful branch, which draws, ties up direction as north-south；It is grown to fruitful branch Pinching processing is carried out when 6-8 piece leaf again, the sublateral shoot on fruitful branch will all retain, and grow into 4-5 piece leaf Shi Zaici Pinching processing is carried out, stays 2 leaves that pinching processing is repeated later；But it then to be grown forward in the sublateral shoot of front end, every time Pinching processing is repeated when growing 6-8 piece leaf, when the fruitful branch with side tree is at a distance of 20cm or so, stopping is given birth to further along It is long, focus on the sublateral shoot culture on all fruitful branches.

2. the supply of liquid manure: tree body will have sufficient moisture and nutrient during seedling is cultivated, so throughout the growing season Will keep the wet of soil, can not overdrying or overly moist, in favor of the healthy growth of root system.

Fertilizer it is timely supply it is also critically important, using water-fertilizer integral system carry out watering, fertilizing, not only save liquid manure and And high-efficient effect is more preferable.Occur starting (5kg/ mus of the first time administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer+corruption that applies fertilizer when tendril after general rudiment 5kg/ mus of phytic acid class fertilizer, every 10-15 days later are primary at the beginning of August, be changed to later 5kg/ mus of water-soluble nitrogen phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer+ 5kg/ mus of humic-acid kind fertilizer), cannot be too early, easily occur fertilizer burn seedlings phenomenon too early, the life of nursery stock can not be influenced too late too late It is long.

3. the prevention of disease pest and weed: disease is less during seedling, main to prevent blade downy mildew, but insect pest is opposite More serious, as long as conventional prevention is not in serious problem substantially, and because planting in facility, pest and disease damage is gentlier easier pre- It is anti-.The harm of weeds can not be ignored in production, and less serious case influences growth of seedling, and severe one can lead to dead seedling.Control grass in production Common mode has: field covering (stalk, cloth and black mulch film etc.), it is clear plough, plantation greenweed and periodically cradle weeds etc., no It is recommended that carrying out weeding using herbicide.

2, at the management of age tree

1. branches and tendrils management: after rudiment branch can fast-growth, if not taking corresponding measure to be handled, branch can grow 8- 10 meters are even longer, it will seriously affect the bud differentiation of branch bud eye and the normal growth of fruit, especially in summer high temperature and Area of heavy rainfull is more advantageous to the growth of branch.

201 bud pickings: hibernaculum can carry out after sprouting, and mainly erase and grow too fast or too slow bud, as far as possible holding branch Growth always；And a strong branch is only stayed in each bud eye position, remaining will erase.

202 determine the tip: in branch length to 20cm or so, starting to carry out when capable of obviously identifying inflorescence.It is required that branch 20cm or so is maintained at there are a branch, remaining extra branch will be cut, but to stay when selecting and remain branch close to trunk and The branch of main stem prevents from moving past outside setting fruit position fastly, and the branch that reserved update is used.

203 bondages: it is grown to certain length (when 30-40cm, or first iron wire of frame after determining the tip when branch Place) when, branch is strapped on the steel wire in frame face, to fix the direction of the growth of branch, branch is prevented to be overlapping.

204 heavy pinchings: 2-3 piece leaf same position heavy pinching is stayed more than inflorescence, it is therefore an objective to promote the natural elongation of inflorescence And the bud differentiation of base portion bud eye.

The processing of 205 sublateral shoots: after heavy pinching 3 days, the sublateral shoot on branch can be handled, easily causes hibernaculum too early Sprouting, waste trunk infusion too late.Method are as follows: the following sublateral shoot of inflorescence is all erased；On inflorescence first sublateral shoot stay 4 leaves into Row pinching processing without offspring (keeps the sun off, reduce the generation burnt day)；The sublateral shoot of the top continues up growth, again to before blooming Pinching processing is carried out, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased；Only retain a sublateral shoot topmost every time later and carry out 3-4 leaf repeated topping, Remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, until growing into lew edge, will force to wipe out later.

2. flower and fruit management: when being also the growth of inflorescence quick separating during shoot growth, the inflorescence when handling branch There is corresponding process to do.

211 flower thinning sequences (determining inflorescence): sunlight Flower Bud Differentiation of Rosa rugosacv. ' Plena is preferable, can be with raw 1-2 flower on a general branch Sequence, more also has 3, and each branch only retains an inflorescence in this patent.Specific practice: first will be sick, lopsided , inflorescence is degenerated, position has some setbacks and the inflorescence that has damage removes, and each branch only retains an inflorescence.

212 panicle prunings: pruning is carried out to inflorescence after inflorescence separation, stays 15-18 branch of fringe point, remaining whole It wipes out.

The processing of 213 fruit retentions: denuclearization cultivation is to plant the trend of sunlight rose, realizes the measure of maximizing the benefits.Generally The medicament selected is plant endogenous hormones (gibberellic acid, chloropyuril), the use of concentration is 25ppm gibberellic acid+1ppm chloropyuril；It uses Period is handled to dip in inflorescence after entire inflorescence full gate in 3 days.If fruit blooms irregular, have to that processing is conducted batch-wise, otherwise easily There is mummy.

214 determine fringe: after fruit retention is handled 3 days, the bad fruit ear that will bear fruit is wiped out, and the well-developed fruit ear of healthy growth is stayed.

215 fruit thinnings: fruit can start to carry out fruit thinning after occupying stably, and be this time to remove malformed fruit, disease fruit and residual fruit Deng.

216 expand processing: carrying out within 10-15 days expanding processing after fruit retention processing, the use of concentration is 25ppm gibberellic acid+2ppm Chloropyuril expands processing and does not have to be conducted batch-wise, can disposably complete.

217 secondary fruit thinnings: according to requiring to carry out fruit thinning in strict accordance with standard, general every string fruit ear uniformly stay 60-80 i.e. It can.

218 baggings: spraying broad spectrum type fungicide in full garden after fruit thinning can be carried out bagging after medical fluid is dry, General fruit bag selects blue or green, and the fruit bag of both colors can mitigate the generation of fruit fruit russeting.

3. fertilizer and water management: as the saying goes that rich water is not broken up the family, fertilising is had to along with watering every time, and water can promote root system It absorbs, the utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved, in entire growth period other than the maturity period needs corresponding control water, other periods are all It is required that there is the supply of adequate water.But it is also not identical to the greatest extent in demand of the different times to nutrition, so to have phase in different times The fertilizer applications answered.

301 vernalization fertilizer: this time liquid manure main function is stimulation root growth, promotes branch rudiment neat.Rudiment the last week 3-5kg/ mus of calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer of left and right application, if tree vigo(u)r is weaker to add water 3-5kg/ mus of dissolubility nitrogenous fertilizer.

302 Hua Qianfei: being the period of branch, root system and inflorescence fast-growth before blooming, and this time fertilising is water-soluble phosphorus 3-5kg/ mus fertile+3-5kg/ mus of humic-acid kind fertilizer, if tree vigo(u)r is weaker to add water 2-3kg/ mus of dissolubility nitrogenous fertilizer.

303 first times expanded fertilizer: when fruit initially enters first time expanding stage after occupying stably and branch mushrooms out It waits, requires supplementation with nitrogenous fertilizer, 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer at this time.

304 expand fertilizer second: it is at this time calcareous fertilisers demand biggish period, and the critical period of supplement calcareous fertilisers, it is sufficient Calcareous fertilisers can effectively prevent gentle bright generation of burning day, 3-5kg/ mus of calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mu+water soluble potassic fertilizer of application+corruption plant 3-5kg/ mus of acids fertilizer.

305 sugar content increase of fruits fertilizer: potassium element is conducive to the synthesis of sugar in fruit, and nitrogen is more at this time, will affect in fruit The synthesis of sugar and aromatic substance will control the application of nitrogenous fertilizer, administration of water soluble potash fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer 3- at this time 5kg/ mus.

306 time of childbirths fertilizer: helping to restore the fertilizer of tree vigo(u)r namely after fruit harvesting, at this time based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer.

307 base manure: applying to trench digging at the beginning of 10 months by the end of September, based on sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer, Zhan Quannian dose 60% or so, 40-60kg/ mus of decomposed manure 3000-5000kg/ mus+calcium superphosphate of application+trace element fertilizer 1-2kg/ mus middle, Full garden is poured primary permeable after fertilising.

4. the management of pest and disease damage: the flourish animated period of the growth period of grape and various Pest organisms, different times Weather conditions difference, so leading to the appearance that can all have corresponding disease pest in different times.As long as taking appropriate measures Prevented in advance, is substantially not in big harm, so, with " putting prevention first, integrated control " for principle.Pest and disease damage Prevention: different times, which have different disease pests, to be occurred, as long as carrying out prevention in advance in corresponding period, so that it may be strangled shaking In basket.Routine administration scheme are as follows:

501 rudiment Shi Quanyuan spraying 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, carry out full garden sterilization and disinsection, and this time medication quality directly affects Pathogeny and worm sources radix.

When 502 lamina (3-4 piece leaf): at this time to prevent to choose broad spectrum type and kill based on blade semen sojae atricolor disease and green plant bug Microbial inoculum (eg: safe and sound life)+kill sucking mouth parts medicament (eg: Amy is happy) holohedral foliar fertilizer of+Chelating state (eg: fertile life).

When 503 inflorescences separate: to prevent based on inflorescence gray mold and green plant bug, broad spectrum type fungicide (eg: safe and sound can be selected It is raw) the holohedral foliar fertilizer of+broad spectrum type insecticide (eg: decis)+Chelating state (eg: fertile life)+gray mold specific drug (eg: applies Good pleasure).

Before 504 bloom: with prevent gray mold and mend boron based on, pays attention to observe downy mildew generation, select broad spectrum type sterilize The holohedral foliar fertilizer of agent (eg: fluoxastrobin)+Chelating state (eg: fertile life)+gray mold specific drug (eg: Shi Jiale).

After 505 bear fruit: to prevent based on fruit ear anthracnose and white rot, broad spectrum type fungicide and therapeutic agent being selected (eg: to take Enemy is steady) the holohedral foliar fertilizer of+Chelating state (eg: fertile life).

When 506 bagging: to prevent based on fruit ear anthracnose and white rot, taking into account pre- insect-pest, select broad spectrum type fungicide And therapeutic agent (eg: Lu Nasen)+holohedral foliar fertilizer of Chelating state (eg: fertile life)+broad spectrum type insecticide (eg: Amy is happy).

After 507 baggings: based on main prevention blade downy mildew, powdery mildew and insect pest, can be selected broad spectrum type fungicide (eg: Safe and sound life) the holohedral foliar fertilizer of+Chelating state (eg: fertile life)+broad spectrum type insecticide (eg: decis), interval is used for 15-20 days again It is primary.

5. the prevention and treatment of crop smothering: with agrotechnical development, fundamental change also is occurring to the understanding of grass, so to grass Processing on the also different method of Xiang Yingyou, but it is not recommended that with herbicide weeding, because containing a large amount of weight in herbicide Metal, unreasonable utilization be easy to cause field heavy metals exceeding standard, are unfavorable for the production of high-quality fruit.

Sunlight rose plant area mainly takes tree lower limit grass, and the mode of inter-row green covering, method can not only reduce garden in this The temperature of area's entirety reduces and avoids gentle bright generation of burning day, by cradling the content of organic matter that can also increase in soil. Tree lower limit grass is mainly the growth of the region limitation weeds of next square or so of tree, it is therefore an objective to grass and vine contention be avoided to support Point and moisture.Usually common method is that the lower progress covering treatment of tree not only can control the growth of weeds, can also be played Good soil moisture conservation effect, generally using the covering such as anti-grass cloth or stalk.Inter-row green covering generally uses artificial growth greenweed and nature Sward two ways, although method is different, way to manage is almost the same, exactly carries out when grass grows to certain altitude to it It cradles, avoids growing way is excessively high from causing damages.Organic matter can constantly be increased into soil in this way, improvement is adjusted Soil environment is managed, the healthy growth of sunlight rose is further promoted.

Planting experiment

Place: Macheng, hubei Province city；Time: 2016, plucking time 8.10-8.20；Planting patterns: frame plantation；Experimental group: it adopts With the method for this patent, control group: 3 standard greenhouses use conventional method, 1 standard greenhouse.Its result is as shown in table 1-3；

Table 1

	Peculiar faint scent	Soluble solid content (%)	The hardness of fruit (N)
				The method of this patent	It is strong	21.3	10.3
Conventional method	It is light	18.4	8.7

Table 2

	Single seed weight (g)	Every fringe grains per panicle (grain)	Every fringe weight (g)
				The method of this patent	13.7	72	986.4
Conventional method	10.9	91	991.9

Table 3

	Price (member/kg)	Yield (kg/ mus)	Benefit (member/mu)	Fruit-growing time
					The method of this patent	36.6	1742	63757	51 days
Conventional method	20.4	2731	55712	32 days

From table 1 can using this patent method relative to conventional method fragrance more rich, soluble solid content it is higher, The hardness of fruit is bigger and Single seed weight is heavier, keeps wholesale price higher, up to 35 yuan/kg or more.Although yield is fewer than conventional method, Income is higher than commonsense method；Fruit-growing time is longer, is not only conducive to picking, and being also conducive to tourist's picking, (our company is open to tourist Multiple greenhouses are picked).

The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of cultural method of high-quality grape, which is characterized in that the described method includes:

(1) management of seedling: improveing soil before field planting, and application decomposed manure is turned in cooperation, and dosage is vertical for 10-15 Side/mu, spacing in the rows is 1.5-2.5m, line-spacing 5-7m when field planting, combines trimming to carry out intermediate cutting after tree body molding, makes spacing in the rows 3- 5m, using H-type frame culture tree-shaped；

(2) management of Cheng Shu:

The processing of a branches and tendrils:

201 bud pickings: hibernaculum carries out after sprouting, and a strong branch is only stayed in each bud eye position, remaining will erase；

202 determine the tip: in branch length to 18-24cm or so, selecting and remain the branch close to main stem, remaining extra branch will be cut Fall；

203 bondages: determine after the tip when branch it is long to 30-40cm when branch is strapped in frame face steel wire on；

204 heavy pinchings: 2-3 piece leaf same position heavy pinching is stayed more than inflorescence；

The processing of 205 sublateral shoots: after heavy pinching 3 days, the following sublateral shoot of inflorescence is all erased, on inflorescence first sublateral shoot stay 4 leaves into Row pinching processing without offspring, the sublateral shoot of the top continue up growth, carry out pinching processing again to before blooming, remaining sublateral shoot is whole It erases, the 3-4 leaf for only retaining a sublateral shoot topmost every time later carries out repeated topping, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, until raw It grows to lew edge or to mid-September, later sublateral shoot will be forced to wipe out；

The processing of b flowers and fruits:

211 flower thinning sequences: first the inflorescence that sum sick, lopsided, that inflorescence degeneration, position has some setbacks is had damage is removed, each Branch only retains an inflorescence；

212 panicle prunings: pruning is carried out to inflorescence after inflorescence separation, stays 15-18 branch of fringe point, remaining whole is cut It removes；

The processing of 213 fruit retentions: denuclearization processing is carried out using plant endogenous hormones, dips in inflorescence processing after entire inflorescence full gate in 3 days；

214 determine fringe: after fruit retention is handled 3 days, the bad fruit ear that will bear fruit is wiped out, and the well-developed fruit ear of healthy growth is stayed；

215 fruit thinnings: fruit starts a fruit thinning after occupying stably, and removes malformed fruit, disease fruit and residual fruit；

216 expand processing: carrying out within 10-15 days expanding processing after fruit retention processing；

217 secondary fruit thinnings: every string fruit ear uniformly stays 60-80 fruits；

218 baggings: spraying broad spectrum type fungicide in full garden after fruit thinning can be carried out bagging after medical fluid is dry；

(3) fertilizer and water management:

301 vernalization fertilizer: 5-8 days 3-5kg/ mus of application calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer before rudiment is applied again if tree vigo(u)r is weaker With water-soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus；

302 Hua Qianfei: 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble phosphate fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer before blooming, if tree vigo(u)r is weaker again 2-3kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer；

303 first times expanded fertilizer: fruit occupies stably latter 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer；

304 expand fertilizer for second: 3-5kg/ mus of calcareous fertilisers 1-2kg/ mus+water soluble potassic fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer of application；

305 sugar content increase of fruits fertilizer: 3-5kg/ mus of administration of water soluble potash fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer；

306 time of childbirths fertilizer: 3-5kg/ mus of water-soluble nitrogen phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 3-5kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer is used after fruit harvesting；

307 base manure: by the end of September to October, apply 40-60kg/ mus of decomposed manure 3000-5000kg/ mus+calcium superphosphate+in it is micro- 1-2kg/ mus of secondary element fertilizer, full garden watering is primary after fertilising；

(4) tree lower limit grass, the mode of inter-row green covering the prevention and treatment of crop smothering: are taken.

2. the cultural method of high-quality grape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the H-type frame culture tree-shaped tool Body includes: to carry out pinching fixed pole when nursery stock grows to 1.7-1.9 meters at 1.5-1.7 rice；Two, top sublateral shoot is only stayed to make after pinching It is cultivated for main stem, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, and main stem, which is drawn, ties up direction as East and West direction；When long to 1.6-1.8 meters of main stem Pinching processing is carried out at 1.4-1.6 meters, only staying the sublateral shoot of front end two, branch is cultivated as a result, remaining sublateral shoot is all erased, Fruitful branch, which draws, ties up direction as north-south；Carry out pinching processing, the sublateral shoot on fruitful branch again when fruitful branch grows to 6-8 piece leaf All retain, and carry out pinching processing again when growing into 4-5 piece leaf, stays 2 leaves that pinching processing is repeated later；But Sublateral shoot in front end will then be grown forward, and pinching processing is repeated when growing 6-8 piece leaf every time, until and adjacent nursery stock Fruitful branch at a distance of 16cm-24cm when, stop continued growth.

3. the cultural method of high-quality grape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1): after rudiment There is tendril at the beginning of August, fertilising in every 10-15 days is primary, first time administration of water soluble nitrogenous fertilizer 3-6kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer 4- 6kg/ mus, 4-6kg/ mus of administration of water soluble nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 3-6kg/ mus+humic-acid kind fertilizer later.

4. the cultural method of high-quality grape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method also includes:

(5) management of disease pest and weed:

When 501 rudiment: the spraying 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur of full garden；

When 502 lamina: using happy+fertile life of safe and sound life+Amy；

When 503 inflorescences separate: using safe and sound life+decis+fertile raw+Shi Jiale；

Before 504 bloom: using fluoxastrobin+fertile raw+Shi Jiale；

After 505 bear fruit: opposing steady+fertile life using taking；

When 506 bagging: happy using Lu Nasen+fertile life+Amy；

After 507 baggings: using safe and sound life+decis+fertile life.

5. the cultural method of high-quality grape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) specifically includes: from tree The region of dry 50-60cm does not allow weed growth and covers rice husk, other regions allow weed growth, is more than in weed growth 20cm is cradled, and stays root, in the soil by the green manure cradled application.