CN109673470A - Vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix and preparation method and vegetables and fruits cultural method - Google Patents
Vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix and preparation method and vegetables and fruits cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673470A CN109673470A CN201910173524.3A CN201910173524A CN109673470A CN 109673470 A CN109673470 A CN 109673470A CN 201910173524 A CN201910173524 A CN 201910173524A CN 109673470 A CN109673470 A CN 109673470A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrixes and preparation method and vegetables and fruits cultural method, belong to vegetables and fruits crop fertilizer development and applied technical field.The main component of the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix includes that decomposed beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee's non-fruit portion and partial size are 30~80 mesh coarse sands, wherein, beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, agricultural crop straw and the weight ratio in Europe Lee's non-fruit portion are 1:(1~2): (1~2).The weight ratio of coarse sand and upper organic component is (1~2): 1.Above-mentioned vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix is used in vegetables and fruits cultural method.The beneficial effect is that not only effective recycling beast poultry manure, agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, avoid the wasting of resources and environmental pollution.Soil regime can constantly be improved simultaneously, prevented soil loss, the expansion of soil desertification or salinization of soil is inhibited, help to repair prone soil, salt affected soil or contaminated soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetables and fruits crop fertilizer development and applied technical fields, and in particular to a kind of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix and its
Preparation method and vegetables and fruits cultural method.
Background technique
With the continuous social and economic development, people constantly promote the attention rate of healthy diet, use traditional chemical fertilizer
It carries out vegetables and fruits plantation and is no longer satisfied requirement of the people to healthy diet, the development and application of organic fertilizer becomes traditional
One of the substitute of fertilizer.
China is used as large agricultural country, can all generate a large amount of agricultural crop straw because of agricultural production every year, these crops
Stalk cannot such as be dealt carefully with, caused by environment influence be considerable.Meanwhile these agricultural crop straw main components are organic
Object is such as developed and used, and is returned in farmland, then is expected to improve farm land quality.
Europe Lee is the exclusive nonwood forest trees in China, because its calcium content is high and has drought-enduring, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, adaptable
The characteristics of, become central and west regions restoration of the ecosystem and one of the main planting assaulted fortified position of shaking off poverty in recent years.However, since Europe Lee plants
The a large amount of Europe Lee branch etc. generated cannot be dealt carefully with, and not only wasted resource, also be easy to cause environmental pollution.
Existing organic fertilizer is mainly formed with feces of livestock and poultry through decomposed processing and fabricating, or it is decomposed by fermentation of plant straws and
At long-time service will cause the serious ecological problem such as soil leanness, underground water pollution and soil erosion, this point exists
The Northwest's performance is especially prominent.Moreover, existing organic fertilizer trophic structure is single, is planted for vegetables and fruits, be not able to satisfy people
Growing healthy diet demand.
The desertification of the Northwest and salt-soda soil are more, and show certain expansion trend, improve soil desertification, soil
Salinization of soil inhibits it to continue to expand, and has become one of the main environmental objective that the Northwest faces.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provide a kind of comprehensive reutilization agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, can plant
Training obtains meeting the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix of the vegetables and fruits of the growing healthy diet demand of people.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of low-cost vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix.
The present invention also provides one kind, can to obtain nutritive value higher and be conducive to improve salt affected soil and prone soil
Vegetables and fruits cultural method.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:
A kind of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix, including organic component and inorganic component, the organic component and the inorganic component
Weight ratio is 1:(1~2)；The organic component includes decomposed beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw and Europe
Lee's non-fruit portion, wherein it is 1:(1~2 that beast poultry manure, which is dehydrated biogas residue, agricultural crop straw and the weight ratio in Europe Lee's non-fruit portion):
(1~2)；The partial size in Europe Lee non-fruit portion is 50~200 mesh；The inorganic component is the coarse sand of 30~80 mesh of partial size.
Preferably, further include soil improvement component, the weight ratio of the soil improvement component and the inorganic component is 1:
(100~200)；The soil improvement component includes PH regulator, sodium ion exchange agent and fertility releasing agent, the PH regulator
For aluminum soluble salt or soluble ferric iron salt；The sodium ion exchange agent is soluble calcium salt；The fertility releasing agent includes nitrogenous fertilizer
And phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer are ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate.
Preferably, the bulk density of the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix is 0.71g/cm3~0.82g/cm3, porosity be 41.15%~
48.66%, PH are 6.4~6.7, and soluble-salt concentration is 1.21-1.29g/kg.
A kind of preparation method of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as described above, comprising the following steps:
A. Europe Lee's non-fruit portion is crushed, screens Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material that wherein partial size is 100~200 mesh, from
So air-dry, it is spare；
B. by crops stalk crushing, accumulate decomposed, the acquisition decomposed object of agricultural crop straw, it is spare；
C. after the dehydration of beast poultry manure biogas residue being air-dried, heap fermentation is carried out with covering with ground sheeting, obtains the decomposed object of beast poultry manure,
It is spare；
D. the coarse sand for screening 30~80 mesh, is sterilized with fungicide, spare；
E. Europe Lee non-fruit portion crushed material, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure are used
Fungicide carries out disinfection, then according to the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee non-fruit
The weight ratio of portion's crushed material is 1:(1~2): the ratio of (1~2) carries out mixture, obtains organic component；
F. according to the weight ratio of the organic component and the coarse sand be 1:(1~2) ratio carry out mixture, obtain vegetables and fruits
Cultivation matrix.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of:
G. basis, which is intended that, calculates PH regulator with the pH value of pedotheque, carbanion and bicarbonate ion content
Usage amount；According to the usage amount for being intended that the interchangeability sodium ions content calculating sodium ion exchange agent with pedotheque；By PH tune
It saves agent, sodium ion exchange agent and fertility releasing agent and carries out mixture, obtain soil improvement component；By the soil improvement component and mix
The organic component and the coarse sand with completion carry out secondary mixture, obtain vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix.
Preferably, in step b, " by crops stalk crushing, accumulate decomposed, the acquisition decomposed object of agricultural crop straw ",
The following steps are included:
B1. the stalk crushed material that screening length is 0.5cm~1cm, is accumulated, every laying 5cm height in banking process
Stalk crushed material, spray a urea liquid and decomposing agent, make water content 50%~70%；
B2. after stalk crushed material is stacked into predetermined altitude, fermentation heap is formed, is fermented with covering with ground sheeting；
B3. when fermentation heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, pile-turning is carried out, until central temperature drops to environment temperature
Degree.
Wherein, it is 2kg~4kg that the amount of urea, which is added, in every 100kg stalk crushed material；It include thermophilic side in the decomposing agent
Spore is mould, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete.
Preferably, in step c, " after air-drying the dehydration of beast poultry manure biogas residue, heap fermentation is carried out with covering with ground sheeting, is obtained
The decomposed object of beast poultry manure ", comprising the following steps:
C1. beast poultry manure biogas residue is piled into the stacking of preset width and predetermined altitude after dehydration is dried, and covered
Mulch ferments, and thermometer is inserted at fermentation heap center；
C2. when fermentation heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, pile-turning is carried out, until central temperature drops to environment temperature
It spends, during pile-turning, keeps the skin wet, humidity of materials is made to be maintained at 55%~65%.
A kind of vegetables and fruits cultural method, comprising the following steps:
Soil K+adsorption: detection is to obtain the pH value to cultivating soil, carbanion and bicarbonate ion total amount, can hand over
Change sodium ion total amount, full nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium and calcium-magnesium content；
Substrate preparation: according to cultivating soil pH value, carbanion and bicarbonate ion total amount, exchangeable sodium ion
Total amount and full nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium and calcium-magnesium content calculate PH regulator, sodium ion exchange agent
With the dosage of fertility releasing agent, and with the decomposed object of beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material and
Coarse sand mixture, forms vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix；
Matrix is laid with: treating the progress of cultivation soil, plough turns over twice in length and breadth, and plough turns over depth not less than 30cm；After plough climbs over
Field planting groove is dug on soil, is colonized groove width 20cm~40cm, depth 20cm~30cm, and field planting groove is interior to be laid with PE film, PE film bottom
Portion's punching, 350/m of hole density2~450/m2, the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix with a thickness of 20cm~25cm is laid on PE film；
Vegetables and fruits plantation: vegetables and fruits crop is transplanted or planted on the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix laid；
Matrix supplement: every batch of vegetables and fruits crop adds vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested in time, makes the thickness of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix
Not less than 20cm.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effect is that:
First, using decomposed beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion as master
Raw material is wanted to produce vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix, not only effective recycling beast poultry manure, agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, keep away
Exempt to result in waste of resources and environmental pollution.Simultaneously as the non-fruit portion quality of Europe Lee is hard, the calcium wanted rich in needed by human body,
The microelements such as iron, zinc, are applied in field, can not only constantly improve soil regime, prevent soil loss, and facilitate
The content for improving microelement in crops, meets the growing healthy diet demand of people.
Second, using decomposed beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion as mainly
Raw material is fermented by covering with ground sheeting, produces organic fertilizer, simple production process, low production cost, not only effective recycling
Beast poultry manure, agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, and bring objective economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Third, producing Vegetable culture medium, simple production process, low production cost using coarse sand as main carriers.It will
Obtained Vegetable culture medium application, is particularly applied to northwest desertification or salt-soda soil, can effectively improve salt-soda soil
The problem of humidity is big, encounters rainwater Tianrong phenomenon easy to harden, improvement arid area's soil losses, can not only be not take up agriculture
On the basis of arable land, large-scale plantation culturing vegetable class crop, and produce in resulting vegetables and fruits containing required micro- in human body
The more traditional soil of secondary element increases.Meanwhile the Vegetable culture medium is used for a long time, be conducive to improve soil quality, suppression
The expansion of soil desertification processed or salinization of soil even helps to repair prone soil, salt affected soil or contaminated soil.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, the technical solution and technical effect of this programme is described in detail.
In one embodiment, a kind of preparation method of Vegetable culture medium, comprising the following steps:
A. Europe Lee's non-fruit portion being crushed, wherein granularity is 50 mesh~100 mesh Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material for screening, from
So air-dry, it is spare.Its Central European Lee's non-fruit portion includes Europe Lee's branch, Europe Li Shugan, Europe Li Shugen and Europe Li Guohe, this implementation
In example, due to can all have a large amount of Europe Lee every year as central and west regions restoration of the ecosystem and one of the main planting assaulted fortified position of shaking off poverty
Branch generates, and is these Europe of effective recycling Lee's branch, avoids the wasting of resources and environmental pollution, Europe Lee non-fruit portion is excellent
It is selected as Europe Lee's branch.
Europe Lee's branch is dried without everfermentation, processing to be sterilized, and main function is fixed support organic fertilizer, prevents soil
Earth is lost, simultaneously because the non-fruit portion quality of Europe Lee is hard, the microelements such as calcium, iron, zinc for wanting rich in needed by human body apply
In field, it can not only constantly improve soil regime, prevent soil loss, and help to improve microelement in crops
Content, meet the growing healthy diet demand of people.
B. by crops stalk crushing, the screening stalk crushed material that wherein length is 0.5cm~1cm, accumulate it is decomposed,
The decomposed object of agricultural crop straw is obtained, it is spare.The agricultural crop straw may include corn stover, sunflower straw, broomcorn straw
Deng.Plantation in view of the Northwest's corn is relatively broad, extremely urgent, the farming of effective recycling work of corn stover
Object stalk is preferably corn stover.
Wherein, agricultural crop straw digest process the following steps are included:
B1. the stalk crushed material that screening length is 0.5cm~1cm, is accumulated, every laying 5cm height in banking process
Stalk crushed material, spray a urea liquid and decomposing agent, make water content 50%~70%；
B2. after stalk crushed material is stacked into predetermined altitude, fermentation heap is formed, is fermented with covering with ground sheeting；
B3. when fermentation heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, pile-turning is carried out, until central temperature drops to environment temperature
Degree.
Wherein, it is 2kg~4kg, preferably 3kg that the amount of urea, which is added, in every 100kg stalk crushed material, adjusts carbon for supplementing
Nitrogen when supplies nutrients for zymophyte.It include sporotrichum thermophile, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete in the decomposing agent.
The decomposing agent is not only the fermentation offer beneficial bacterium strain that straw powder minces, and in vegetables and fruits cultivation, continuous conditioned soil
Earth, while necessary nutritional support is provided for vegetables and fruits plant.
C. after the dehydration of beast poultry manure biogas residue being air-dried, heap fermentation is carried out with covering with ground sheeting, obtains the decomposed object of beast poultry manure,
It is spare.The beast poultry manure biogas residue includes cow dung biogas residue, pig manures and biogas residues, sheep dung biogas residue and poultry excrement biogas residue, in view of northwest
Regional beef cattle and milk cattle cultivating rate are high, and cow dung biogas residue is easy enrichment, in the present embodiment, preferably cow dung biogas residue.Beast poultry manure natural pond
During the fermentation maturity of slag, above-mentioned deposit central temperature is monitored with thermometer, when reaching 65 DEG C or more, carries out pile-turning, directly
It is dropped to central temperature and is nearly completed fermentation with environment temperature.
D. Europe Lee non-fruit portion crushed material, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw and the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure are used
Fungicide carries out disinfection, and is mixed, and organic component is prepared.
E. the coarse sand for screening 30~80 mesh, is sterilized with fungicide, spare.First fixed support is organic for the coarse sand of greater particle size
Fertilizer prevents soil loss, and can be effectively improved soil desertification.Second porosity of soil can be effectively improved, saline-alkali soil is improved
Earth encounters the problem of rainwater weather is easy hardened, ventilative and bad hydraulic permeability.
F. according to the weight ratio of the organic component and the coarse sand be 1:(1~2) ratio carry out mixture, obtain vegetables and fruits
Cultivation matrix.Specific proportion can carry out mixture according to the Fertilizer evaluation situation on ground to be developed, more dead soil use compared with
More organic components, and more fertile soil uses less organic component.
Wherein, the fungicide uses carbendazol wettable powder.
In one specific embodiment, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the Ou Lifei fruit
The weight ratio of real part crushed material is 1:1:1.
In still another embodiment, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the Ou Lifei
The weight ratio of fruit portion crushed material is 1:1:2.
In still another embodiment, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the Ou Lifei
The weight ratio of fruit portion crushed material is 1:2:2.
In yet another embodiment, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the Ou Lifei
The weight ratio of fruit portion crushed material is 1:2:1.
Using decomposed beast poultry manure dehydration biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion as primary raw material
Vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix is produced, not only effective recycling beast poultry manure, agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, avoid
The wasting of resources and environmental pollution.Simultaneously as the non-fruit portion quality of Europe Lee is hard, calcium, iron, zinc for being wanted rich in needed by human body etc.
Microelement is applied in field, and Lee's branch corruption in Europe slowly, can not only constantly improve soil regime, prevent soil stream
It loses, and helps to improve the content of microelement in crops, meet the growing healthy diet demand of people.Pass through mulch
Covering fermentation, produces organic fertilizer, simple production process, low production cost, not only effective recycling beast poultry manure, agriculture
Crop material and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion, and bring objective economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Such as table 1, inventor determines the Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach of the Vegetable culture medium of different component.
The Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach of the Vegetable culture medium of 1 different component of table
Can be obtained by table 1, using the Europe Lee's branch and corn stover of appropriate particle size, be added proper proportion sandy soil and it is decomposed after
Cow dung is dehydrated biogas residue, finds after testing, and scheme 1, scheme 6 and scheme 7 are preferable, bulk density 0.71g/cm3~0.82g/cm3,
Porosity is that 41.15%~48.66%, PH is 6.4~6.7, and soluble-salt concentration (EC) is 1.21-1.29g/kg, is belonged to excellent
Within the scope of well-founded matter, there is preferable thermal-insulating type and cushion performance.Its physical property determines scheme 1, scheme 6 and scheme
7 are less than other formulas in seepage velocity, and are wherein formulated 1 preferably, illustrate there is good water-retaining property；And scheme 1, side
Case 6 and scheme 7 are tested by fertilizer leaching, N P and K in 7 days average leaching significantly less than other formulas, illustrate with compared with
Good nutrient preserving capability.These advantages are all particularly suitable for vegetable growing.It observes after study, Europe Lee is smashed as xylophyta
Branch degradation is more slow, has permanent support function, is the index important as Vegetable culture medium, is same type matrix
The characteristics of not having.By comprehensive analysis, scheme 1, scheme 6 and scheme 7 can be used as best Vegetable culture medium.
Such as table 2, further to verify technical effect of the invention, the present invention continuously pacifies in July, 2017 in June, 2018
4 crops for rotation are arranged, using " powder is feted No. 1 " tomato as test material, select the Vegetable culture medium of scheme 1, vegetable acquired in the measurement present invention
Development and qualitative effects of the dish cultivation matrix to ' powder is feted No. 1 ' tomato.
Development and qualitative effects of 2 Vegetable culture medium of table to " powder is feted No. 1 " tomato
It can be seen from Table 2 that after tomato cultivation use, being promoted using Vegetable culture medium acquired in the present invention
Tomato shifts to an earlier date 4-7 days and blooms；The present invention is more conventional, and soil cultivation tomato flavor is stronger, the taste of the inclined sweet tea of Chinese preferably；
Vegetable culture medium has preferable buffering and stores warm nature energy, and plant resistance can be enhanced, use the plant of Vegetable culture medium
Susceptible gene and commodity rate are respectively 1.6% and 95.3%, are significantly better than the 3.6% and 89.7% of conventional soil, it is ensured that tomato
The foundation factors of high yield high yield；Vegetable culture medium more conventional soil cultivation on single fruit weight and yield is all improved, fruit type compared with
It is good.
Meanwhile inventor determines " powder the is feted No. 1 " tomato cultivated using Vegetable culture medium acquired in the present invention
Micronutrient levels, find its calcium, iron, zinc content significantly improve, the especially content of iron and zinc, more conventional soil cultivation
The average value of obtained tomato is higher by 30% or more.
In another embodiment, the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix is applied in salt-soda soil, carries out cultivation experiments on the spot.
S1. Soil K+adsorption: use the detection of soil nutrient tacheometer with obtain the pH value to cultivating soil, carbanion with
Bicarbonate ion total amount, exchangeable sodium total ion concentration, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium, calcium-magnesium content and the content of organic matter.
Wait cultivating regional Soil K+adsorption the result is as follows:
Table 3 is wait cultivate regional Soil K+adsorption result
S2. substrate preparation: according to cultivating soil pH value, carbanion and bicarbonate ion total amount, exchangeable sodium
Total ion concentration and full nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium, calcium-magnesium content and the content of organic matter calculate PH regulator, sodium ion exchange
The dosage of agent and fertility releasing agent, circular are conventional Calculation Method, are repeated no more.And with the decomposed object of beast poultry manure,
The decomposed object of agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material and coarse sand mixture, form vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix；
S3. matrix is laid with: treating the progress of cultivation soil, plough turns over twice in length and breadth, and plough turns over depth not less than 30cm；It is climbed in plough
Field planting groove is dug on soil afterwards, is colonized groove width 20cm~40cm, depth 20cm~30cm, and field planting groove is interior to be laid with PE film, PE
Film bear, 350/m of hole density2~450/m2, the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix with a thickness of 20cm~25cm is laid on PE film；
S4. vegetables and fruits are planted: vegetables and fruits crop is transplanted or planted on the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix laid；
S5. matrix is supplemented: every batch of vegetables and fruits crop adds vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested in time, makes the thickness of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix
Degree is not less than 20cm.
Cultivation experiments verifying, using organic fertilizer provided by the invention and Vegetable culture medium, " powder is feted No. 1 " tomato can
Normal growth, it is best in quality.In two-year the time limit of experiment, the soil regime for planting region has obtained effective reparation.
Wherein, region soil voidage in salt-soda soil is improved by a relatively large margin, and the soil porosity that rainwater measures later is greater than 30%.It can hand over
It changes ion concentration especially carbanion and bicarbonate ion total concentration is effectively controlled, exchangeable sodium ion concentration is aobvious
Writing reduces.
After 2 years milpa Soil K+adsorption the result is as follows:
Regional Soil K+adsorption result is cultivated after table 42 years
The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, those skilled in the art can understand all or part of the processes for realizing the above embodiment, and wants according to right of the present invention
Made equivalent variations is sought, is still belonged to the scope covered by the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix, which is characterized in that including organic component and inorganic component, the organic component and the nothing
The weight ratio of machine component is 1:(1~2)；
The organic component includes that decomposed beast poultry manure is dehydrated biogas residue, decomposed agricultural crop straw and Europe Lee's non-fruit portion,
In, it is 1:(1~2 that beast poultry manure, which is dehydrated biogas residue, agricultural crop straw and the weight ratio in Europe Lee's non-fruit portion): (1~2)；
The partial size in Europe Lee non-fruit portion is 50~200 mesh；
The inorganic component is the coarse sand of 30~80 mesh of partial size.
2. vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include soil improvement component, the soil changes
Good component and the weight ratio of the inorganic component are 1:(100~200)；
The soil improvement component includes PH regulator, sodium ion exchange agent and fertility releasing agent, and the PH regulator is solvable
Property aluminium salt or soluble ferric iron salt；The sodium ion exchange agent is soluble calcium salt；The fertility releasing agent includes nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer,
The nitrogenous fertilizer is ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, and the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate.
3. vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the bulk density of the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix is
0.71g /cm3~0.82g/cm3, porosity is that 41.15%~48.66%, PH is 6.4~6.7, and soluble-salt concentration is 1.21-
1.29g/kg。
4. a kind of preparation method of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 3, which comprises the following steps:
A. Europe Lee's non-fruit portion is crushed, screens Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material that wherein partial size is 100~200 mesh, natural wind
It is dry, it is spare；
B. by crops stalk crushing, accumulate decomposed, the acquisition decomposed object of agricultural crop straw, it is spare；
C. after the dehydration of beast poultry manure biogas residue being air-dried, heap fermentation is carried out with covering with ground sheeting, obtains the decomposed object of beast poultry manure, it is standby
With；
D. the coarse sand for screening 30~80 mesh, is sterilized with fungicide, spare；
E. Europe Lee non-fruit portion crushed material, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure are sterilized
Agent carries out disinfection, then according to the decomposed object of the beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of the agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee non-fruit portion powder
The weight ratio to mince is 1:(1~2): the ratio of (1~2) carries out mixture, obtains organic component；
F. according to the weight ratio of the organic component and the coarse sand be 1:(1~2) ratio carry out mixture, obtain vegetables and fruits cultivation
Matrix.
5. the preparation method of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
G. according to the use being intended that with the pH value of pedotheque, carbanion and bicarbonate ion content calculating PH regulator
Amount；According to the usage amount for being intended that the interchangeability sodium ions content calculating sodium ion exchange agent with pedotheque；By PH regulator,
Sodium ion exchange agent and fertility releasing agent carry out mixture, obtain soil improvement component；The soil improvement component and mixture is complete
At the organic component and the coarse sand carry out secondary mixture, obtain vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix.
6. the preparation method of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that in step b, " by crops
Stalk crushes, and accumulate decomposed, the acquisition decomposed object of agricultural crop straw ", comprising the following steps:
B1. the stalk crushed material that screening length is 0.5cm~1cm, is accumulated, every straw for being laid with 5cm height in banking process
Stalk crushed material sprays a urea liquid and decomposing agent, makes water content 50%~70%；
B2. after stalk crushed material is stacked into predetermined altitude, fermentation heap is formed, is fermented with covering with ground sheeting；
B3. when fermentation heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, pile-turning is carried out, until central temperature drops to environment temperature.
Wherein, it is 2kg~4kg that the amount of urea, which is added, in every 100kg stalk crushed material；It include thermophilic side spore in the decomposing agent
Mould, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete.
7. the preparation method of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that in step c, " by beast brid guano
Just after biogas residue dehydration air-dries, heap fermentation is carried out with covering with ground sheeting, obtains the decomposed object of beast poultry manure ", comprising the following steps:
C1. beast poultry manure biogas residue is piled into the stacking of preset width and predetermined altitude after dehydration is dried, and covers mulch
It ferments, thermometer is inserted at fermentation heap center；
C2. when fermentation heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, pile-turning is carried out, until central temperature drops to environment temperature, heap
It during turning over, keeps the skin wet, humidity of materials is made to be maintained at 55%~65%.
8. a kind of vegetables and fruits cultural method, which comprises the following steps:
Soil K+adsorption: detection is to obtain the pH value to cultivating soil, carbanion and bicarbonate ion total amount, exchangeable sodium
Total ion concentration, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium, calcium-magnesium content and the content of organic matter；
Substrate preparation: according to cultivating soil pH value, carbanion and bicarbonate ion total amount, exchangeable sodium total ion concentration
And full nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective K-Mg-Ca content and the content of organic matter calculate PH regulator, sodium ion exchange agent and fertility and release
The dosage of agent is put, and mixed with the decomposed object of beast poultry manure, the decomposed object of agricultural crop straw, Europe Lee's non-fruit portion crushed material and coarse sand
Match, forms vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix；
Matrix is laid with: treating the progress of cultivation soil, plough turns over twice in length and breadth, and plough turns over depth not less than 30cm；Soil after plough climbs over
On dig field planting groove, be colonized groove width 20cm~40cm, depth 20cm~30cm is laid with PE film in field planting groove, and PE film bottom is beaten
Hole, 350/m of hole density2~450/m2, the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix with a thickness of 20cm~25cm is laid on PE film；
Vegetables and fruits plantation: vegetables and fruits crop is transplanted or planted on the vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix laid；
Matrix supplement: every batch of vegetables and fruits crop adds vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested in time, keeps the thickness of vegetables and fruits cultivation matrix not low
In 20cm.
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