CN109674789B - 羧胺三唑与谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂在抗肿瘤中的用途 - Google Patents
羧胺三唑与谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂在抗肿瘤中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及羧胺三唑与谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂在抗肿瘤中的用途。具体地,本发明涉及羧胺三唑与一种或多种谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂组合在制备用于哺乳动物中抗肿瘤药物中的用途。特别是羧胺三唑与氨基酸转运体抑制剂、谷氨酸脱氢酶1抑制剂、谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的组合在制备用于哺乳动物中抗肿瘤药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗和医药领域,具体涉及通过联合用药的方法治疗恶性肿瘤以及该抗恶性肿瘤的药物,特别涉及羧胺三唑及其衍生物和氨基酸转运体抑制剂、GDH1抑制剂或GLS抑制剂,协同控制肿瘤细胞的能量利用,而治疗恶性肿瘤的方法,以及一种抗肿瘤药物制剂组合。
背景技术
任何一种生命活动,都离不开相应的物质与能量基础。对肿瘤细胞来说,它既要快速地增殖,又要想办法逃避免疫监控,在特定情况下还要转移到身体的其他部位,在抵抗药物攻击的同时还得想办法卷土重来。代谢紊乱是恶性肿瘤的典型特征之一,且与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。肿瘤细胞的恶性增殖导致了肿瘤对于各种代谢合成产物的高度需求。肿瘤特有的代谢重编程现象就是通过调整细胞的代谢网络,改变代谢产物在不同生化途径中的流量和流向,从而在保证必要能量供给的同时,促进生物大分子的合成,以配合肿瘤细胞快速增殖的目标。
研究显示,肿瘤细胞为应对环境压力(例如抗肿瘤药物暴露、免疫杀伤等),一方面可通过氨基酸转运体加大对谷氨酸的摄取,另一方面也可通过谷氨酰胺酶催化谷氨酰胺水解成谷氨酸,进而由谷氨酸脱氢酶将谷氨酸代谢为α-酮戊二酸,以此作为替代原料进入三羧酸循环,为肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移提供能量。
肿瘤细胞的代谢紊乱,尤其是能量代谢的异常在近年来受到学界越来越多的关注。值得一提的是,目前的研究重点多集中在对肿瘤的糖代谢和脂肪酸代谢上,对肿瘤细胞氨基酸的代谢研究较少。由于机体正常细胞的能量供应高度依赖糖代谢和脂肪酸代谢,故针对肿瘤细胞糖和脂肪酸代谢靶点开发的药物对机体正常细胞的毒性较大,很难应用到临床上来。
在肿瘤免疫治疗领域,利用小分子化合物对免疫系统进行调控也将具备独特的优势,列举如下:1)较重组蛋白而言,人们对小分子药物往往有更详尽的理解,对其临床应用与研发具有更多经验,因此研发小分子药物更具可行性;2)小分子药物具备良好的口服生物利用度;3)在肿瘤微环境或透过生理屏障(例如血脑屏障)方面,小分子药物可确保足够的暴露浓度;4)小分子药物到达细胞内疾病靶标的路径不易为蛋白治疗药物所驾驭;5)小分子药物具有多样化的配方和制剂方案、多样化的给药方式,从而减少药动学或药效学方面的挑战,并确保足量的药物暴露浓度。另外一个关键的优势是,小分子药物对于广大患者来说更易获得,并具有较低的用药成本。发展具有我国自主知识产权的新型肿瘤治疗方法和小分子治疗药物将为小分子组合药物进入肿瘤免疫治疗领域打开思路。
虽然不断有抗肿瘤药物研究结果出现,寻找更有效的药物和手段的工作并没有停止,寻找真正有效清除肿瘤,达到彻底治疗临床肿瘤患者体内癌细胞的目的,是业内人士努力寻求,也是全社会期盼的目标。
发明内容
本发明人发现抗肿瘤药物羧胺三唑使肿瘤细胞利用葡萄糖和脂肪酸的比例大大下调,进而抑制细胞增殖;但与此同时肿瘤细胞加强了代谢重编程,而对谷氨酸的利用大大加强。基于CAI这一对肿瘤细胞代谢再调节的作用,本发明人采用CAI联合氨基酸转运体抑制剂、GDH1(谷氨酸脱氢酶1)抑制剂或GLS(谷氨酰胺酶)抑制剂的治疗方案,对包括结直肠癌、乳腺癌和胰腺癌在内的多种肿瘤进行疗效验证和分子机制研究,将为肿瘤相关疾病的研究、治疗提供新的思路和研究依据。
因此,联合使用氨基酸转运体抑制剂、GDH1抑制剂或GLS抑制剂和特异性针对肿瘤细胞的代谢,将为肿瘤患者带来更有利的治疗策略。这不仅是为肿瘤治疗而服务,还将为肿瘤的预防与护理提供指导性知识。
第一个方面,本发明涉及羧胺三唑与一种或多种谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂组合在制备用于哺乳动物中抗肿瘤药物中的用途。
进一步地,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂选自氨基酸转运体抑制剂、谷氨酸脱氢酶1抑制剂和谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂。
进一步地,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述氨基酸转运体抑制剂选自转运体SLC1A5、SLC7A5、SLC7A11抑制剂中的一种或多种,优选地,选自2-氨基-2-二甲基降莰烷(BCH)、Benzylserine、g-Glu-p-nitroanilide、JPH203、柳氮磺胺吡啶(Sulfasalazine)和Erastin。
另一方面,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述谷氨酸脱氢酶1抑制剂选自R162和红紫素(purpurin)。
另一方面,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂选自BPTES和CB-839。
优选地,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物选自犬、猫、牛、大鼠、小鼠或人。
优选地,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述肿瘤选自肺癌、白血病、黑色素瘤、肝癌、乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、结直肠癌和中枢神经系统肿瘤。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种抗肿瘤的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的羧胺三唑和一种或多种谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂,以及药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
进一步地,根据本发明的抗肿瘤的药物组合物,其中所述谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂选自氨基酸转运体抑制剂、谷氨酸脱氢酶1抑制剂和谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂。
优选地,根据本发明所述的抗肿瘤的药物组合物,其中所述氨基酸转运体抑制剂选自转运体SLC1A5、SLC7A5、SLC7A11抑制剂中的一种或多种,优选地,选自2-氨基-2-二甲基降莰烷(BCH)、Benzylserine、g-Glu-p-nitroanilide、JPH203、柳氮磺胺吡啶(Sulfasalazine)和Erastin;所述谷氨酸脱氢酶1抑制剂选自R162和红紫素(purpurin);以及所述谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂选自BPTES和CB-839。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种治疗或预防肿瘤的方法,包括给予患有肿瘤的个体或具有肿瘤发生趋势的个体施用所述抗肿瘤药物或抗肿瘤药物制剂组合的过程。
本发明提供的抗恶性肿瘤药物制剂,是以上述抗恶性肿瘤组合药物作为活性成分可以制成普通制剂、也可以是缓释制剂、控释制剂、靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统,并辅以可接受的药物辅料、载体和/或赋形剂,以制成各种制剂。
上述抗恶性肿瘤药物制剂的组成成分可以同时、分开或顺序给药。二种药之间一般不建议太大的给药间隔。
小分子抑制剂组合不仅具有抑制和杀灭肿瘤的效果,由于机体正常细胞高度依赖葡萄糖和脂肪酸的供能,对谷氨酸供能途径依赖程度较为微弱,故该治疗方案毒副作用小,安全可行。有理由预期,本发明的联合制剂可用于针对在包括人类的哺乳动物中发现的包括肺、白血病、黑色素瘤、肝脏、乳腺、卵巢、前列腺、胃、胰腺、肾脏、结肠和中枢神经系统肿瘤这些癌症、瘤或恶性肿瘤的所有类型的治疗。优选地,用于结直肠癌、乳腺癌、黑色素瘤、肺癌、胰腺癌的治疗。
综上所述,本发明的方案具有以下有益的技术效果:
1)本发明提供的CAI能够对肿瘤细胞代谢再调节,与此同时,组合药物能够协同抑制肿瘤细胞的能量代谢,从而阻断肿瘤细胞的能量供应,达到杀死肿瘤细胞的目的。
2)本发明的组合药物和制剂具有安全性高、无毒副作用的优点,可作为多种恶性肿瘤治疗的药物。
附图说明
图1A至图1B:羧胺三唑使肿瘤细胞糖利用率降低。
图1A和图1B显示CAI作用后能够同时降低肿瘤细胞的OCR和ECAR;CON为阴性对照组。
图2:羧胺三唑作用后使肿瘤细胞脂质利用降低。
图2显示CAI作用后使细胞的磷酸化ACC(乙酰辅酶A羧化酶)增加。
图3:羧胺三唑作用后使肿瘤细胞氨基酸利用增加。
图3显示CAI作用后,使肿瘤细胞能量摄取比例的变化;CON为阴性对照组。
图4A至4B:羧胺三唑作用后上调肿瘤细胞GDH1和GLS的表达水平。
图4A显示CAI给药后基因水平上GDH1和GLS的变化;
图4B显示CAI给药后蛋白水平上GDH1和GLS的变化;CON为阴性对照组。
图5A至5B:CAI与GDH1抑制剂或与GLS抑制剂联合使用后肿瘤细胞ROS(活性氧物质)的检测。
图5A显示CAI与GDH1抑制剂R162或与GLS抑制剂CB-839联合处理鼠结直肠癌细胞C26后,检测C26细胞的ROS的结果;
图5B显示CAI与GDH1抑制剂R162或与GLS抑制剂CB-839联合处理人结直肠癌细胞HCT116后,检测ROS的变化;CON为阴性对照组。
图6A至6B:CAI与GDH1抑制剂或与GLS抑制剂联合使用后对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。
图6A显示CAI与GDH1抑制剂R162联合处理鼠结直肠癌细胞C26后,检测C26细胞的存活率;
图6B显示CAI与GLS抑制剂CB-839联合处理人结直肠癌细胞HCT116后,检测HCT116细胞的存活率;CON为阴性对照组。
图7A至7B:CAI与GDH1抑制剂或与GLS抑制剂联合使用后对实体瘤荷瘤小鼠治疗的效果。
图7A和7B显示CAI和R162联合或CAI和CB-839联合显著抑制小鼠结直肠癌(Balb/c小鼠模型)生长。
图8A和8B:CAI与SLC7A5氨基酸转运体抑制剂联合使用后对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。
图8A显示CAI与SLC7A5转运体抑制剂BCH联合处理鼠结直肠癌细胞C26后,检测C26细胞的存活率;CON为阴性对照组。
图8B显示CAI与SLC7A5转运体抑制剂BCH联合处理人结直肠癌细胞HCT116后,检测HCT116细胞的存活率;CON为阴性对照组。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中使用的肿瘤细胞、药物及实验动物:
C26小鼠结直肠癌细胞系、HCT116人结直肠癌细胞系均可从美国ATCC中心或北京协和医学院基础研究院细胞中心购买。
6-8周龄、雌性Balb/c小鼠,或者雌性裸鼠,购自中国医学科学院协和医学院实验动物中心。
羧胺三唑(CAI),来自于合作单位中国医学科学院药物所。
GDH1抑制剂(R162),购自美国MCE公司。
GLS抑制剂(CB-839),购自美国Selleck公司。
实施例1:羧胺三唑使肿瘤细胞糖利用率降低。
1、实验方法
CAI(10μM)处理细胞48小时后,利用seahorse能量代谢检测仪,检测这些细胞的氧化磷酸化OCR和糖酵解ECAR的水平。
2、实验结果
如图1所示,Seahorse的结果表明在给予CAI的情况下,OCR和ECAR都降低,并且OCR的降低不能被解偶联剂FCCP所刺激增加,同样,给药组的ECAR的检测中加入了氧化磷酸化的抑制剂寡霉素(oligomycin)也不能逆转药物带来的降低。
实施例2:羧胺三唑使磷酸化ACC增加。
1、实验方法
细胞给予5、10、20μM的CAI孵育48小时后,收取蛋白样。蛋白定量,40μg每孔的上样量,蛋白质印迹电泳检测磷酸化ACC的表达水平。
2、实验结果
如图2所示,磷酸化ACC的表达随着CAI的浓度增加而升高。
实施例3.羧胺三唑作用后使肿瘤细胞氨基酸利用增加。
1、实验方法
CAI(10μM)处理细胞48小时后,利用seahorse能量代谢检测仪,检测这些细胞的在给药后对于糖脂氨基酸三种能量来源摄取比例的变化。
2、实验结果
如图3所示,Seahorse的结果显示,在CAI给药的情况下,细胞的主要获能来源更多地倾向利用氨基酸产能。
实施例4:羧胺三唑作用后上调肿瘤细胞GDH1、GLS水平。
1、实验方法
细胞给予10μM的CAI孵育48小时后,提取RNA样。RNA定量后,逆转录,应用实时PCR检测基因水平。另一方面,细胞给予10μM的CAI孵育48小时后,收取蛋白样,蛋白定量,40μg每孔的上样量,蛋白质印迹电泳检测肿瘤细胞GDH1和GLS的RNA和蛋白质表达。
2、实验结果
如图4A至4B所示,不论是基因还是蛋白水平,CAI都会上调GDH1和GLS的表达。
实施例5:CAI与GDH1或GLS抑制剂联合使用后检测肿瘤细胞的ROS。
1、实验方法
培养鼠结直肠癌细胞C26或人结直肠癌细胞HCT116,48小时并给予药物:CON(DMSO溶剂对照组)、CAI(10μM)、R162(20μM)、CB-839(0.02μM)、CAI(10μM)+R162(20μM)、CAI(10μM)+CB-839(0.02μM)。加入荧光探针DCFH-DA(20μM),37度染色20分钟,流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞ROS的水平。
2、实验结果
如图5A和5B所示,单药组均能升高ROS的表达,但CAI(10μM)+R162(20μM)或CAI(10μM)+CB-839(0.02μM)能显著升高ROS的表达。
实施例6:CAI与GDH1或CAI与GLS抑制剂联合使用后对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。
1、实验方法
培养鼠结直肠癌细胞C26或人结直肠癌细胞HCT116,48小时并给予药物:CON(DMSO溶剂对照组)、CAI(10μM)、R162(20μM)、CAI(10μM)+R162(20μM)、或CAI(10μM)+CB-839(0.02μM)。利用Annexin V-FITC和PI染色检测凋亡情况。
2、实验结果
图6A显示CAI与GDH1抑制剂R162联合处理鼠结直肠癌细胞C26后,检测C26细胞的存活率;图6B显示CAI与GLS抑制剂CB-839联合处理人结直肠癌细胞HCT116后,检测HCT116细胞的存活率。
其中,CAI单药治疗组有一定的杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果,而R162或CB-839单独给药基本上没有杀伤的作用;然而,CAI与GDH1抑制剂R162联合施用或与GLS抑制剂CB-839联合施用后显著降低了鼠(图6A)或人(图6B)结直肠癌细胞的存活率。
实施例7:CAI与GDH1或GLS抑制剂联合施用对实体瘤荷瘤小鼠的治疗效果。
1、联合应用CAI和GDH1抑制剂对BALB/c小鼠肿瘤的治疗实验
1)实验步骤
构建荷瘤小鼠:C26小鼠结直肠癌细胞接种于4-6周BALB/c小鼠(接种量为1×106个细胞),将40只小鼠随机分为4组,小鼠体重为20g,7天左右即可观察到肿瘤生成;待瘤体成长至5mm*5mm时,给予荷瘤小鼠以下不同治疗方式:
对照组(Control):仅每天灌胃PBS;
实验组1(CAI):CAI单独处理荷瘤小鼠,20mg/kg/只/天,灌胃给药共给药28天;
实验组2(R162):R162单独处理荷瘤小鼠,20mg/kg/只/天,灌胃给药共给药28天;
实验组3(CAI/R162):小鼠分别给予CAI和R162(即联合应用CAI和R162),给药方式为:CAI 20mg/kg/只/天,R162 20mg/kg/只/天,制成混合溶液,灌胃给药共给药28天。
每日测量瘤体大小变化并记录。
2)实验结果
如图7A所示,与CAI或R162单独施用相比,CAI与R162联合施用显著抑制结直肠癌生长(见图7A)。
2、联合应用CAI和GLS抑制剂对BALB/c小鼠肿瘤的治疗实验
1)实验步骤
构建荷瘤小鼠同上,给予荷瘤小鼠以下不同治疗方式:
对照组(Control):仅每天灌胃PBS;
实验组1(CAI):CAI单独处理荷瘤小鼠,20mg/kg/只/天,灌胃给药共给药28天;
实验组2(CB-839):CB-839单独处理荷瘤小鼠,200mg/kg/只,隔天给药,共给药14天。
实验组3(CAI/CB-839):小鼠分别给予CAI和CB-839(即联合应用CAI和CB-839),给药方式为:CAI 20mg/kg/只/天,灌胃给药,CB-839 200mg/kg/只,隔天给药,共给药28天。
每日测量瘤体大小变化并记录。
2)实验结果
如图7B所示,与CAI或CB-839单独施用相比,CAI与CB-839联合施用显著抑制结直肠癌生长,且具有统计学意义P<0.001(见图7B)。
实施例8:CAI与SLC7A5氨基酸转运体抑制剂联合使用后对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响。
1、实验方法
培养鼠结直肠癌细胞C26或人结直肠癌细胞HCT116,48小时并给予药物:CON(DMSO溶剂对照组)、CAI(10μM)、BCH(5mM)、CAI(10μM)+BCH(5mM),利用Annexin V-FITC和PI染色检测凋亡情况。
2、实验结果
图8A显示CAI与SLC7A5抑制剂BCH联合处理鼠结直肠癌细胞C26后,检测C26细胞的存活率;图8B显示CAI与SLC7A5抑制剂BCH联合处理人结直肠癌细胞HCT116后,检测HCT116细胞的存活率。
其中,CAI单药治疗组有一定的杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果,而BCH单独给药基本上没有杀伤的作用;然而,CAI与BCH联合施用后显著降低了鼠(图8A)或人(图8B)结直肠癌细胞的存活率。
Claims (2)
1.羧胺三唑与一种或多种谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂组合在制备用于哺乳动物中抗肿瘤药物中的用途,其中所述谷氨酸摄取与代谢抑制剂选自2-氨基-2-二甲基降莰烷、R162和CB-839;所述肿瘤选自结直肠癌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物选自犬、猫、牛、大鼠、小鼠或人。
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