CN109645978B - Brain probe reading circuit - Google Patents
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- CN109645978B CN109645978B CN201910088222.6A CN201910088222A CN109645978B CN 109645978 B CN109645978 B CN 109645978B CN 201910088222 A CN201910088222 A CN 201910088222A CN 109645978 B CN109645978 B CN 109645978B
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Abstract
The invention provides a brain probe readout circuit, which comprises a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode comprises a probe rod and a base which are connected with each other, each electrode comprises a first circuit, the first circuit is arranged on the probe rod and the base, and the first circuit comprises a chopper, an integrator and an analog-digital conversion unit; the chopper is used for converting a voltage difference between the action voltage and the reference voltage into integrated current and inputting the integrated current into the integrator; the integrator is used for amplifying the integrated current to obtain a first amplified signal; the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a first quantized signal and outputting the first quantized signal. The readout circuit of the present invention has fewer base functions and therefore can greatly reduce the area of the base as compared with conventional circuits. Also, the width of the entire brain probe is approximately the same, allowing the probe to reach deeper neurons in the brain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brain probes, in particular to a brain probe reading circuit.
Background
The human health is seriously affected by nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression, autism, central nervous system injury and the like. However, no etiology has been found in the scientific community, and there is a lack of effective diagnosis for treating most neurological diseases. The neuron microelectrode array chip provides a new method for etiology, accurate diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases. The neuron microelectrode array chip combines the technologies of a plurality of subjects such as integrated circuits, MEMS, neurology and the like. The electrical signals generated by stimulating specific neurons in specific areas are detected and recorded by the chip to form brain images. By means of these brain images, pathological analysis of nervous system diseases and neuron precise point-determining repair functions can be achieved.
The neuron microelectrode array chip can be divided into a culture type (divided into single hydrazine and multiple hydrazine), a surface mounting type and an in vivo type (subdivided into shallow planting and deep planting) according to an interaction mode. The current research is mainly focused on realizing a brain deep detection circuit with low noise and high dynamic range, because the CMOS brain deep neuron detection is the key of brain accurate analysis and is an important component of a brain-computer interface system.
Reducing the input equivalent noise is the key to improving the signal-to-noise ratio. In a traditional circuit, a high-pass filter structure is mainly adopted to reduce low-frequency noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the whole reading circuit.
The single deep brain probe consists of a probe rod and a base. Pixel electrodes are placed on the probe to detect the neural electrical signals. The neural electric signals detected from the pixels are transmitted onto the base, and then data processed. Since the detected signal frequency is from 300hz to 7khz, the designed filter requires a large capacitance and resistance. Therefore, such filters typically need to be implemented at the base, rather than in the pixel circuits of deep brain detectors. The filter at the base requires a larger area and as a result the depth to which a deep brain probe can reach is limited by the length of the probe rod. The connection channel between the pixel circuit and the basal region is limited by the size of the deep brain probe, resulting in a large number of pixels but insufficient effective signal paths. Without enough signal paths it is not possible to achieve a complete read-out in a fixed frame. Further, as the array size increases, the parasitic resistance between the micro-electrode and the amplifying circuit increases, and the parasitic capacitance and the line-to-line coupling capacitance also increase. These increments severely degrade the noise performance of the circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a brain probe readout circuit, the circuit having a plurality of electrodes, each electrode including a probe rod and a base connected to each other,
each electrode having a first electrical circuit disposed on the probe and base;
the first circuit comprises a chopper, an integrator and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the chopper is used for converting the difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into integrated current and inputting the integrated current into the integrator;
the integrator is used for amplifying the integrated current to obtain a first amplified signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a first quantized signal and outputting the first quantized signal.
Further, the readout circuit further includes a non-uniformity calibration unit;
the non-uniformity calibration unit is used for sampling local field voltage to obtain a plurality of sampling voltages, storing the sampling voltages, controlling by using non-uniformity data, and randomly outputting one of the sampling voltages to obtain a reference voltage.
Further, the analog-to-digital conversion unit comprises a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter;
the first analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a second quantized signal;
the second analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the second quantized signal to obtain a first quantized signal.
Further, the readout circuit further comprises a digital signal processing unit;
and the digital processing unit is used for processing the first quantized signal and then outputting the processed first quantized signal.
Further, the non-uniformity calibration unit, the chopper, the integrator and the analog-to-digital conversion unit are connected in sequence.
Furthermore, the chopper, the integrator, the analog-to-digital conversion unit and the digital processing unit are connected in sequence.
Further, the plurality of electrodes respectively comprise a probe rod and a base;
the probe and the base have the same width.
Further, the nonuniformity calibration unit, the chopper, the integrator and the first analog-to-digital converter are arranged on the probe rod;
the second analog-to-digital converter and the digital signal processing unit are disposed on the base.
Further, the readout circuit outputs the plurality of first quantized signals output from the plurality of electrodes to a subsequent circuit through a bus.
Further, the plurality of electrodes includes a first chip on which the first circuit is integrated, and the first chip is manufactured by a 55nm 1P6M CMOS process.
In the embodiment of the invention, the base part of the readout circuit has less functions, and the area of the base part can be greatly reduced compared with the traditional circuit. Also, the width of the entire brain probe is approximately the same, allowing the probe to reach deeper neurons in the brain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a partial block diagram of a brain probe readout circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 shows a partial block diagram of another brain probe readout circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a timing chart and a waveform chart of the chopper circuit provided in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a diagram of a brain probe readout circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 5 shows simulation results of two-phase folding integration in a brain probe readout circuit in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a brain probe readout circuit, which is provided with a plurality of electrodes, wherein each electrode is provided with a first circuit;
the circuit has a plurality of electrodes, each electrode including an interconnected probe and base;
each electrode having a first electrical circuit disposed on the probe and base;
referring to fig. 1, the first circuit includes a chopper, an integrator, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;
the chopper is used for converting the difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into integrated current and inputting the integrated current into the integrator;
the integrator is used for amplifying the integrated current to obtain a first amplified signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a first quantized signal and outputting the first quantized signal.
In this embodiment, the brain probe readout circuit may include 1024 electrodes, each electrode has the same structure, and each electrode pair uses one pixel, and this embodiment of the readout circuit can realize image acquisition at 1024 pixel level. The analog-to-digital conversion unit in the readout circuit in the embodiment adopts two folding integrals and distributed quantization, so that the noise performance and the dynamic range are improved.
In a specific embodiment, each electrode collects at its point an action potential and a local field potential, which generates for each electrode a specific reference voltage by means of the non-uniform calibration unit. And inputting the action potential and the reference voltage into a chopper, converting the difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into integrated current through the chopper, inputting the integrated current into an integrator for amplification, and quantizing the integrated current through a digital-to-analog converter to obtain a first quantized signal. And finally, sequentially outputting the first quantized signals through a bus.
The invention also provides a brain probe readout circuit having a plurality of electrodes, each electrode having a first circuit;
the circuit has a plurality of electrodes, each electrode including an interconnected probe and base;
each electrode having a first electrical circuit disposed on the probe and base;
referring to fig. 2, the first circuit includes a chopper, an integrator, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, and a digital processing unit;
the chopper is used for converting the difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into integrated current and inputting the integrated current into the integrator;
the integrator is used for amplifying the integrated current to obtain a first amplified signal;
the first analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a second quantized signal;
the second analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the second quantized signal to obtain a first quantized signal;
and the digital processing unit is used for processing the first quantized signal and then outputting the processed first quantized signal.
In this embodiment, the chopper, the integrator, the first analog-to-digital converter, the second analog-to-digital converter, and the digital processing unit are connected in sequence. Each electrode collects at its point an action potential and a local field potential, which generates a specific reference voltage for each electrode by means of the non-uniform calibration unit. Inputting the action potential and the reference voltage into a chopper, converting a difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into an integrated current through the chopper, inputting the integrated current into an integrator for amplification to obtain a first amplification signal, outputting the first amplification signal into a first analog-to-digital converter for coarse quantization to obtain a second quantization signal, outputting the second quantization signal into a second analog-to-digital converter for fine quantization to obtain a first quantization signal, outputting the second quantization signal to a digital signal processing unit for processing and then outputting, and finally sequentially outputting the processed first quantization signals through a bus.
In this embodiment, the readout circuit employs a chopper, and has different integration stages according to the chopping switching sequence, and referring to fig. 3, in the first stage, the action potential VS detected by the electrode is connected to the positive input terminal of the chopper, and the negative input terminal is connected to the reference voltage VREF. The integrated current IINT,1 generated by the chopper is as in formula (1):
IINT,1＝gm×(VS+VOS-VREF) (1)
VOS is the offset voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the chopper red gm cell.
In the first phase, the output VINT of the integrator is initially reset to the high voltage VH reset during integration, and then IINT,1 is integrated into a ramp signal. Once the ramp signal falls below the reference voltage VCM of the comparator, the chopper will generate a pulse, activating the in-pixel counter. Under the control of S1 and S2, the integration capacitances CINT of the integrators are reset at the same time. VINT then continues integration. At the end of the first phase, the residual voltage V epsilon on CINT is transferred to the SH block. In the second phase, the same period, V epsilon enters the column circuit to be quantized. Stage 1 Charge integration QINT,1 is shown in equation (2)
QINT,1＝IINT,1×tINT (2)
Wherein, tINTIndicating the integration time of the first rising integration.
In the second phase, VS is connected to the negative terminal of the chopper and the positive terminal is connected to VREF. IINT,2 generated by the chopper is shown in equation (3).
IINT,2＝-gm×(VREF+VOS-VS) (3)
gmRepresenting the amplification of the voltage difference to the current.
CINT first resets VL, and then IINT,1 is quantized in subsequent circuits, similar to the first stage. In the first phase of the next cycle, the V ε circuit is transferred to the column. Stage 2 charge integration QINT,2 is as in equation (4):
QINT,2＝IINT,2×tINT (4)
wherein, IINT,2Indicating the integrated current during the falling integration phase.
Since phase 1 and phase 2 together constitute a complete quantization cycle, the digital result of the pixel circuit is added by the counter and sent to the base circuit in the next cycle. The quantized QINT can be calculated on CINT as shown in equation (5).
QINT＝QINT,1+QINT,2＝(IINT,1+IINT,2)×tINT
＝gm×(VS–VREF)×tINT (5)
The maximum signal detected by a conventional ADC is affected by the offset voltage and the dynamic range is affected. As can be seen from (5), the proposed ADC processed signal is not affected by VOS, with the maximum signal detected increasing.
Further, the readout circuit further includes a non-uniformity calibration unit;
the non-uniformity calibration unit is used for sampling local field voltage to obtain a plurality of sampling voltages, storing the sampling voltages, controlling by using non-uniformity data, and randomly outputting one of the sampling voltages to obtain a reference voltage.
In this embodiment, the non-uniformity calibration circuit first samples the local field potential VBODY through a probe, and then the digital-to-analog converter generates a series of voltages with a step size of VSTEP. These voltages are transmitted to the probe of the electrode and are selected by corresponding switches under control of non-uniformity data in the memory cells within the electrode. In this way, the local field potential VBODY is converted into a calibration voltage VREF, which provides a reference voltage for subsequent circuits. The dynamic range of the quantized signal is improved by reducing the static difference between the local field potential and the action potential.
Further, the probe rod and the base have the same width.
In this embodiment, the probe and base of each electrode have the same width, so the base region is no longer a limitation on the depth of the electrode into the brain.
Further, the nonuniformity calibration unit, the chopper, the integrator and the first analog-to-digital converter are arranged on the probe rod;
the second analog-to-digital converter and the digital signal processing unit are disposed on the base.
In this embodiment, the structure of the brain probe readout circuit is as shown in fig. 4, and the probe circuit is divided into a probe rod and a base. The circuit performs signal acquisition, non-uniformity calibration and coarse quantization in the probe, while the base includes fine quantization and digital signal processing. The 11-bit digital result is finally output to the subsequent circuit through the bus. Unlike the conventional circuit, the readout circuit described in the present embodiment has fewer functions of the base circuit. Therefore, the area of the base can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional circuit during layout design. Another advantage is that the width of the whole brain probe we have designed can be approximately the same, which allows the probe to reach deeper neurons in the brain.
Further, the plurality of electrodes respectively comprise a first chip, the first circuit is integrated on the chip, and the first chip is manufactured by adopting a 55nm 1P6M CMOS process.
Further, the analog-to-digital conversion unit includes a two-phase folding integration circuit, and fig. 5 shows a result of a two-phase folding integration simulation in the two-phase folding integration circuit. It can be seen that with the alternation of phase 1 and phase 2, a folding integration function is achieved, which quantifies the signal more accurately.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes instructions for enabling a terminal (such as a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A brain probe readout circuit, the circuit having a plurality of electrodes, one pixel for each electrode, each electrode comprising an interconnected probe rod and base;
each electrode comprises a first circuit thereon;
the first circuit comprises a chopper, an integrator and an analog-to-digital conversion unit, the analog-to-digital conversion unit comprises a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter, the chopper, the integrator and the first analog-to-digital converter are arranged on the probe rod, and the second analog-to-digital converter is arranged on the base;
the chopper converts the difference value of the action potential and the reference voltage into integrated current through an expression of a transconductance amplifier, and inputs the integrated current into an integrator;
the integrator is used for amplifying the integrated current to obtain a first amplified signal;
the analog-to-digital conversion unit is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a first quantized signal and outputting the first quantized signal, and the signal processed by the analog-to-digital conversion unit is not influenced by offset voltage.
2. The sensing circuit of claim 1,
the readout circuit further includes a non-uniformity calibration unit;
the non-uniformity calibration unit is used for sampling the local field voltage acquired by the electrode to obtain a plurality of sampling voltages, storing the sampling voltages, controlling by using non-uniformity data, and randomly outputting one of the sampling voltages to obtain a reference voltage.
3. A readout circuit according to claim 2, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion unit includes a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter;
the first analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the first amplified signal to obtain a second quantized signal;
the second analog-to-digital converter is used for quantizing the second quantized signal to obtain a first quantized signal.
4. A readout circuit according to claim 3, wherein the readout circuit further comprises a digital signal processing unit;
and the digital processing unit is used for processing the first quantized signal and then outputting the processed first quantized signal.
5. A readout circuit according to claim 2, wherein the non-uniformity calibration unit, the chopper, the integrator and the analog-to-digital conversion unit are connected in sequence.
6. A readout circuit according to claim 4, wherein the chopper, integrator, analog-to-digital conversion unit and digital processing unit are connected in series.
7. The sensing circuit of claim 4, wherein the probe and the base have the same width.
8. A readout circuit according to claim 7, wherein the non-uniformity calibration unit, the chopper, the integrator and the first analog-to-digital converter are arranged on a probe rod;
the second analog-to-digital converter and the digital signal processing unit are disposed on the base.
9. A readout circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the readout circuit outputs the plurality of first quantized signals output from the plurality of electrodes to a subsequent circuit via a bus.
10. A sensing circuit according to any of claims 1-8, wherein each of the plurality of electrodes comprises a first chip, the first circuit being integrated on the chip, the first chip being fabricated using a 55nm 1P6M CMOS process.
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