CN109632752B - Method and detector for identifying various metal ions by fluorescent carbon dots - Google Patents
Method and detector for identifying various metal ions by fluorescent carbon dots Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过荧光碳点识别多种金属离子的方法，包括以下步骤：提供N种荧光碳点(N≥1)，提供N组等浓度的金属离子水溶液，向每组金属离子水溶液中对应加入一种所述荧光碳点的水溶液；检测加入金属离子水溶液前后溶液在每个荧光发射通道下的荧光强度值，对得到的荧光强度变化数据进行主成分分析，建立标准主成分分析图；按照同样的方法对待测溶液进行荧光强度检测和主成分分析，根据得到的数值在标准主成分分析图中的位置，即可识别待测溶液中的检测底物。本发明的通过荧光碳点识别多种金属离子的方法，实现了对多种金属离子的检测与识别，从而应对实际应用中复杂环境下多元底物样品的检测与分析。
The invention discloses a method for identifying multiple metal ions by fluorescent carbon dots. Correspondingly add an aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots in the solution; detect the fluorescence intensity value of the solution under each fluorescence emission channel before and after adding the metal ion aqueous solution, perform principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and establish a standard principal component analysis diagram ; According to the same method, the solution to be tested is subjected to fluorescence intensity detection and principal component analysis, and the detection substrate in the solution to be tested can be identified according to the position of the obtained value in the standard principal component analysis diagram. The method for identifying multiple metal ions through the fluorescent carbon dots of the present invention realizes the detection and identification of multiple metal ions, so as to cope with the detection and analysis of multiple substrate samples in complex environments in practical applications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic carbon material application and detection methods, in particular to a method for identifying various metal ions through fluorescent carbon dots and a detector for implementing the method.
Background
Certain metal cations or anions and small biological molecules often play multiple important roles in the natural environment and organic organisms. Some of the guest molecules are of great benefit, while some are of serious danger to the human health and the surrounding environment. For example, as important trace elements in vivo, fe (iii), cu (ii) are widely present in enzymes and proteins, and play an important role in cell metabolism, and too low content thereof causes discomfort to the human body, while too high content thereof becomes toxic elements to destroy organisms and induce them to be diseased. With the discharge of large amount of industrial wastewater, heavy metal ions such as Hg (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and the like enter the natural environment more and more. These heavy metal ions are very easily absorbed and enriched by plants and organisms, and finally pose a serious threat to the environment and human safety. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop efficient and sensitive detection means to detect metal ions in the environment. The traditional detection means usually adopts large-scale instruments and equipment, but the defects of complex operation, tedious test, time consumption and the like prevent the wide application of the traditional detection means. Photochemical sensing has attracted attention as a detection means with low cost, simple operation and high sensitivity (usually up to ppb level).
Carbon dots are widely applied to the fields of ion detection and the like as carbon nano materials emerging in recent years due to the characteristics of strong fluorescence, low toxicity, adjustable fluorescence wavelength, no light flicker and the like. Guo et al (carbon,2013,52, 583-one 589) synthesized carbon dots by hydrothermal method of sodium citrate and ammonium bicarbonate, and used them for Hg2+And (6) detecting. Dong et al (J.Mater.chem.B., 2014,2,6995-6999) synthesized carbon dots to Hg by one-step microwave method with citric acid and ethylenediamine2+And (6) detecting. Qu et al (chem. Eur. J.2013,19,7243) hydrothermally treated dopamine to give para-Fe3+Carbon dots having specific recognition function.
However, the application of the carbon dots in metal ion detection focuses on the detection of a specific ion or two ions, and the simultaneous identification and detection of multiple ions is rarely studied. In nature and in production activities, we are faced with samples of multiple substrates and complex environments. Traditional 'single-to-single' chemical detection based on 'lock-key' type is difficult to meet higher requirements for detection of complex systems in real life, so that the research on multi-substrate detection of carbon spots is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for identifying various metal ions through fluorescent carbon dots, which utilizes the difference phenomenon of the fluorescent response of the fluorescent emission intensity of the carbon dots to different metal ions under different excitation wavelengths to realize the detection and identification of various metal ions, thereby being suitable for the detection and analysis of multi-substrate samples under complex environments in practical application.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying a plurality of metal ions through a fluorescent carbon dot, including:
providing N kinds of fluorescent carbon dots (N is more than or equal to 1), wherein the N kinds of fluorescent carbon dots are provided with a plurality of fluorescence emission channels in total;
providing N groups of metal ion aqueous solutions with equal concentration, and correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of metal ion aqueous solutions; wherein each group of the aqueous solution of metal ions is selected from Al3+，Fe3+，Co2+，Ni2+，Cu2+，Zn2+，Hg2+，Cd2+，Ca2+，Mg2+、Ba2+、Na+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Ce3+、Pb2+At least one of aqueous solutions of (a);
detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solution under each fluorescence emission channel before and after adding the metal ion aqueous solution, performing principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and establishing a standard principal component analysis chart; and
providing N groups of solutions to be detected, correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of solutions to be detected, detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solutions under each fluorescence emission channel before and after the solutions to be detected are added, carrying out principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and identifying the detection substrate in the solutions to be detected according to the positions of the obtained values in a standard principal component analysis diagram.
Further, the at least one fluorescent carbon dot is a single peak fluorescent carbon dot and a double peak fluorescent carbon dot.
Further, the preparation method of the aqueous solution of the single-peak fluorescent carbon dot comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol to obtain a reaction precursor; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain a single-peak fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution;
the preparation method of the aqueous solution of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dots comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol, and adding a reductive nitrogen source to obtain a reaction precursor; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain the multimodal fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution.
Further, the carbon source is selected from one of 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoisophthalic acid, 4-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 2, 5-diaminoterephthalic acid, anthranilic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminophthalic acid, and 4-aminophthalic acid.
Further, the reducing nitrogen source is selected from one of ethylenediamine, ammonia water, ethanolamine, propylamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, 1, 3-propylenediamine, hydrazine hydrate, triethylamine and diethylamine.
Further, the molar ratio of the carbon source to the reductive nitrogen source is 1: 1-1: 10.
Further, the method also comprises the step of carrying out post-treatment on the obtained fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution; the post-treatment comprises the following steps: and centrifuging the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution to remove large-particle impurities, and then carrying out rotary evaporation to obtain powdery fluorescent carbon dots dissolved in deionized water.
Furthermore, the concentration of the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution is 0.001-0.01 g/L, and the concentration of the metal ion aqueous solution is 0.5-5 mM.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots to the aqueous solution of the metal ions is 1: 1-1: 10.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a detector that implements any of the above-described methods of identifying a plurality of metal ions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method synthesizes carbon dots by a solvothermal method, has simple operation, is easy to synthesize and is convenient for practicality.
2. According to the invention, multiple carbon point emission peaks under different excitation wavelengths are combined, and the detection and analysis of multiple metal ions are realized through the difference of responses of the combination to each metal ion under multiple emission states, so that the detection and analysis of multiple substrate samples under complex environments in practical application can be realized. The method realizes simultaneous detection and discrimination of at most 17 metal cations by using only 1-2 carbon dots, avoids complex synthesis process, simplifies detection process, and has excellent environmental friendliness and chemical economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the interaction of metal ions with fluorescent carbon dots in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of a single peak fluorescent carbon dot CD1 of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a plot of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of a single peak fluorescent carbon dot CD1 of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dot CD2 of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fluorescence response of 2 fluorescent carbon dots in example 1 with different metal cations, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the principal component analysis of each metal ion in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
As described in the background, the conventional "lock-and-key" type "single-to-single" chemical detection is difficult to meet the higher requirements of complex system detection in real life, and thus, the detection of multiple substrates for researching carbon spots is particularly important. In order to solve this technical problem, the present application provides a solution that can identify a plurality of metal ions through fluorescent carbon dots.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
providing N kinds of fluorescent carbon dots (N is more than or equal to 1), wherein the N kinds of fluorescent carbon dots are provided with a plurality of fluorescence emission channels in total;
providing N groups of metal ion aqueous solutions with equal concentration, and correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of metal ion aqueous solutions; wherein each group of the aqueous solution of metal ions is selected from Al3+，Fe3+，Co2+，Ni2+，Cu2+，Zn2+，Hg2+，Cd2+，Ca2+，Mg2+、Ba2+、Na+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Ce3+、Pb2+At least one of aqueous solutions of (a);
detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solution under each fluorescence emission channel before and after adding the metal ion aqueous solution, performing principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and establishing a standard principal component analysis chart; and
providing N groups of solutions to be detected, correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of solutions to be detected, detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solutions under each fluorescence emission channel before and after the solutions to be detected are added, carrying out principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and identifying the detection substrate in the solutions to be detected according to the positions of the obtained values in a standard principal component analysis diagram.
The N fluorescent carbon dots in the present application have a plurality of fluorescence emission channels (alternatively referred to as fluorescence emission peaks) in total, and preferably have at least 3 fluorescence emission channels. The principle is as follows: the detection and identification of various metal ions are realized through the differentiation phenomenon of the responsiveness of a plurality of fluorescence emission peaks to different metal ions.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the N fluorescent carbon dots are a single-peak fluorescent carbon dot and a double-peak fluorescent carbon dot, and have a total of 3 fluorescent emission channels. Preferably, the particle size of the monomodal fluorescent carbon dot and the bimodal fluorescent carbon dot used is 1 to 10 nm.
The application also provides a preparation method of the aqueous solution of the monomodal fluorescent carbon dot and the aqueous solution of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dot. The preparation method of the monomodal fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol to obtain a reaction precursor; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain a brown-yellow single-peak fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution.
The preparation method of the aqueous solution of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dots comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol, and adding a reductive nitrogen source to obtain a reaction precursor; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain a brown-yellow multi-peak fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution.
In the preparation method, the carbon source is a molecule containing a benzene ring, an amino group and a carboxyl group structure. Preferably, the carbon source is selected from one of 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoisophthalic acid, 4-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 2, 5-diaminoterephthalic acid, anthranilic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminophthalic acid, and 4-aminophthalic acid. The reductive nitrogen source is selected from one of ethylenediamine, ammonia water, ethanolamine, propylamine, 1, 2-propane diamine, 1, 3-propane diamine, hydrazine hydrate, triethylamine and diethylamine. Preferably, the molar ratio of the carbon source to the reductive nitrogen source is 1: 1-1: 10.
In order to reduce the impurity content in the prepared fluorescent carbon dots and improve the purity, the method preferably further comprises the step of carrying out post-treatment on the obtained unimodal fluorescent carbon dot solution and the multimodal fluorescent carbon dot solution. The post-treatment may be: centrifuging the prepared fluorescent carbon dot solution to remove large-particle impurities in the solution; the solution of the initial product is then subjected to rotary evaporation and the powder obtained is dissolved in deionized water.
In the application, the concentration of the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution is preferably 0.001-0.01 g/L, and more preferably 0.005 g/L. The concentration of the metal ion aqueous solution is preferably 0.5-5 mM. The volume ratio of the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution to the metal ion aqueous solution is preferably 1: 1-1: 10.
In the application, the used excitation wavelength is 265-415 nm in the measurement process of fluorescence intensity. Preferably, the excitation wavelength of the single-peak fluorescent carbon dot is near 315nm, and the wave peak of the fluorescence emission peak is near 415 nm. Preferably, when the excitation wavelength of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dot is near 315nm, the fluorescence emission peak is near 415 nm; when the excitation wavelength is near 390nm, the fluorescence emission peak is near 510 nm.
In another embodiment of the present application, there is provided a detector capable of detecting and identifying a plurality of metal ions, the detector implementing any of the above-described methods for identifying a plurality of metal ions by fluorescent carbon dots.
The scheme of the present application will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 0.3g of 5-amino isophthalic acid, placing the 5-amino isophthalic acid in a beaker, adding 30mL of ethanol, stirring until the solid is completely dissolved, and obtaining 2 different precursors by parallel experiments without adding a nitrogen source and adding 1mL of ethylenediamine; respectively transferring the uniformly dispersed precursor solution to a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, and reacting in an oven at the reaction temperature: 180 ℃, reaction time: obtaining 2 different carbon point solutions after 10 hours; centrifuging the resulting solution to remove large particle impurities; and then carrying out rotary evaporation on the primary product solution to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder by using deionized water for later use.
Taking a monomodal fluorescent carbon dot CD1 without ethylenediamine as an example, the particle size of the monomodal fluorescent carbon dot is characterized by a transmission electron microscope, and the particle size ranges from 2nm to 5nm (see attached figure 2); the fluorescence emission peak of the fluorescent carbon dot CD1 is 415nm (see FIG. 3); the bimodal fluorescent carbon dot CD2 obtained by adding ethylenediamine for reaction has 2 fluorescence emission peaks under different excitations, wherein the fluorescence emission peak is 415nm when the excitation wavelength is 315nm, and the fluorescence emission peak is 510nm when the excitation wavelength is 390nm (see figure 4).
(2) Respectively adding the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into a certain amount of metal ion aqueous solution with the same concentration, and testing the fluorescence intensity of the solution before and after the addition; the ratio of the change in fluorescence before and after addition of metal ions was calculated, and the ratio of the change in fluorescence intensity before and after addition of metal ions was taken as the abscissa and the ordinate, and a bar graph of the fluorescence response of carbon dots to different metal ions was established (see fig. 5). And (3) obtaining the grouping and component similarity result and identification analysis of each detection substrate by performing statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the calculated change ratio of the fluorescence before and after the metal ions are added. For Al3+，Fe3 +，Co2+，Ni2+，Cu2+，Zn2+，Hg2+，Cd2+，Ca2+，Mg2+、Ba2+、Na+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Ce3+、Pb2+The 17 metal cation detection can be completely distinguished and grouped after 3 times of repeated experiments (see figure 6).
Example 2
(1) Weighing 0.5g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid, placing the 2-aminoterephthalic acid in a beaker, adding 50mL of ethanol, stirring until the solid is completely dissolved, obtaining 2 different precursors by adding 1.2mL of hydrazine hydrate without adding a nitrogen source through a parallel experiment, respectively transferring the uniformly dispersed precursor solutions to a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, and reacting in an oven at the reaction temperature: 180 ℃, reaction time: obtaining 2 different carbon point solutions after 8 hours; centrifuging the resulting solution to remove large particle impurities; and then carrying out rotary evaporation on the primary product solution to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder by using deionized water for later use.
(2) Respectively adding the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into a certain amount of metal ion aqueous solution with the same concentration, and testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution; calculating the change ratio of the fluorescence before and after adding the metal ions, taking different metal ions as the abscissa and the change ratio of the fluorescence intensity before and after adding the metal ions as the ordinate, and establishing a bar graph of the fluorescence response of the carbon points to different metal ions; and (3) obtaining the grouping and component similarity result and identification analysis of each detection substrate by performing statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the calculated change ratio of the fluorescence before and after the metal ions are added.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 0.3g of 4-aminophthalic acid, placing the 4-aminophthalic acid in a beaker, adding 30mL of ethanol, stirring until the solid is completely dissolved, obtaining 2 different precursors by a parallel experiment without adding a nitrogen source and adding 0.8mL of ethanolamine, respectively transferring the uniformly dispersed precursor solutions to a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, and reacting in an oven at the reaction temperature: 200 ℃, reaction time: obtaining 2 different carbon point solutions after 10 hours; centrifuging the resulting solution to remove large particle impurities; and then carrying out rotary evaporation on the primary product solution to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder by using deionized water for later use.
(2) Respectively adding the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into a certain amount of metal ion aqueous solution with the same concentration, and testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution; calculating the change ratio of the fluorescence before and after adding the metal ions, taking different metal ions as the abscissa and the change ratio of the fluorescence intensity before and after adding the metal ions as the ordinate, and establishing a bar graph of the fluorescence response of the carbon points to different metal ions; and (3) obtaining the grouping and component similarity result and identification analysis of each detection substrate by performing statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the calculated change ratio of the fluorescence before and after the metal ions are added.
Example 4
(1) Weighing 0.5g of p-aminobenzoic acid, placing the p-aminobenzoic acid in a beaker, adding 50mL of ethanol, stirring until the solid is completely dissolved, obtaining 2 different precursors by adding 1.0mL of 1, 2-propane diamine and not adding a nitrogen source in a parallel experiment, respectively transferring the uniformly dispersed precursor solutions to a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, and reacting in an oven at the reaction temperature: 200 ℃, reaction time: obtaining 2 different carbon point solutions after 6 hours; centrifuging the resulting solution to remove large particle impurities; and then carrying out rotary evaporation on the primary product solution to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder by using deionized water for later use.
(2) Respectively adding the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into a certain amount of metal ion aqueous solution with the same concentration, and testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution; calculating the change ratio of the fluorescence before and after adding the metal ions, taking different metal ions as the abscissa and the change ratio of the fluorescence intensity before and after adding the metal ions as the ordinate, and establishing a bar graph of the fluorescence response of the carbon points to different metal ions; and (3) obtaining the grouping and component similarity result and identification analysis of each detection substrate by performing statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the calculated change ratio of the fluorescence before and after the metal ions are added.
Example 5
(1) Weighing 0.4g of 2, 5-diamino terephthalic acid, placing the 2, 5-diamino terephthalic acid in a beaker, adding 40mL of ethanol, stirring until the solid is completely dissolved, obtaining 2 different precursors by adding no nitrogen source and 1.0mL of triethylamine through a parallel experiment, respectively transferring the uniformly dispersed precursor solutions to a hydrothermal reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene inner container, and reacting in an oven at the reaction temperature: 200 ℃, reaction time: obtaining 2 different carbon point solutions after 8 hours; centrifuging the resulting solution to remove large particle impurities; and then carrying out rotary evaporation on the primary product solution to obtain powder, and dissolving the powder by using deionized water for later use.
(2) Respectively adding the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution into a certain amount of metal ion aqueous solution with the same concentration, and testing the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution; calculating the change ratio of the fluorescence before and after adding the metal ions, taking different metal ions as the abscissa and the change ratio of the fluorescence intensity before and after adding the metal ions as the ordinate, and establishing a bar graph of the fluorescence response of the carbon points to different metal ions; and (3) obtaining the grouping and component similarity result and identification analysis of each detection substrate by performing statistical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the calculated change ratio of the fluorescence before and after the metal ions are added.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for identifying a plurality of metal ions through a fluorescent carbon dot, comprising:
providing a single-peak fluorescent carbon dot and a double-peak fluorescent carbon dot, wherein the fluorescent carbon dots have 3 fluorescence emission channels in total;
providing N groups of metal ion aqueous solutions with equal concentration (N is more than or equal to 1), and correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of metal ion aqueous solutions; wherein each group of the aqueous solution of metal ions is selected from Al3+，Fe3+，Co2+，Ni2+，Cu2+，Zn2+，Hg2 +，Cd2+，Ca2+，Mg2+ 、Ba2+、Na+、Cr2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Ce3+、Pb2+At least one of aqueous solutions of (a);
detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solution under each fluorescence emission channel before and after adding the metal ion aqueous solution, performing principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and establishing a standard principal component analysis chart; and
providing N groups of solutions to be detected, correspondingly adding one aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dots into each group of solutions to be detected, detecting the fluorescence intensity value of the solutions under each fluorescence emission channel before and after the solutions to be detected are added, carrying out principal component analysis on the obtained fluorescence intensity change data, and identifying the detection substrate in the solutions to be detected according to the positions of the obtained values in a standard principal component analysis diagram.
2. The method for identifying a plurality of metal ions by a fluorescent carbon dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of the single-peak fluorescent carbon dot is prepared by: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol to obtain a reaction precursor; carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain a single-peak fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution;
the preparation method of the aqueous solution of the bimodal fluorescent carbon dots comprises the following steps: dissolving a carbon source in ethanol, and adding a reductive nitrogen source to obtain a reaction precursor; and carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the obtained reaction precursor at 120-240 ℃ for 2-12 h to obtain the multimodal fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution.
3. The method for identifying a plurality of metal ions through a fluorescent carbon dot as set forth in claim 2, wherein the carbon source is one selected from the group consisting of 5-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoisophthalic acid, 4-aminoisophthalic acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 2, 5-diaminoterephthalic acid, anthranilic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminophthalic acid, and 4-aminophthalic acid.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reductive nitrogen source is selected from one of ethylenediamine, ammonia, ethanolamine, propylamine, 1, 2-propanediamine, 1, 3-propanediamine, hydrazine hydrate, triethylamine and diethylamine.
5. The method for identifying multiple metal ions through fluorescent carbon dots according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of the carbon source to the reductive nitrogen source is 1:1 to 1: 10.
6. The method for identifying a plurality of metal ions by means of a fluorescent carbon dot as set forth in claim 2, further comprising the step of post-treating the obtained fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution; the post-treatment comprises the following steps: and centrifuging the fluorescent carbon dot aqueous solution to remove large-particle impurities, and then carrying out rotary evaporation to obtain powdery fluorescent carbon dots dissolved in deionized water.
7. The method for identifying a plurality of metal ions through a fluorescent carbon dot according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dot is 0.001 to 0.01g/L, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the metal ions is 0.5 to 5 mM.
8. The method for identifying a plurality of metal ions through a fluorescent carbon dot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the aqueous solution of the fluorescent carbon dot to the aqueous solution of the metal ions is 1:1 to 1: 10.
9. A detector for carrying out the method of identifying a plurality of metal ions according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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