CN109603745A - A kind of strong absorbent-type charcoal preparation and the application for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing - Google Patents
A kind of strong absorbent-type charcoal preparation and the application for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109603745A CN109603745A CN201811358274.2A CN201811358274A CN109603745A CN 109603745 A CN109603745 A CN 109603745A CN 201811358274 A CN201811358274 A CN 201811358274A CN 109603745 A CN109603745 A CN 109603745A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/485—Plants or land vegetals, e.g. cereals, wheat, corn, rice, sphagnum, peat moss
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of strong absorbent-type charcoal preparation and for the application of Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing, the duckweed that preparation method generates when being by water body generation eutrophication high temperature limit oxygen cracking at 400 DEG C prepares charcoal, biology carbon surface obtained is in the porous layered structure of sponge, rough surface and hole and duct are more, rich in O-H, CO3 2‑And COOWait functional groups, KCl and CaCO in composition3Content is higher, it is made to have stronger absorption property to heavy metal Ni.Its application for being used for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing, uses the Ca (OH) of 5g/L2Preformed precipitate is carried out to Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel, then the charcoal for adding 2g/L is adsorbed for the first time, second adsorption is carried out using the charcoal of 3g/L again, remaining nickel concentration reaches discharge standard in electroplating wastewater after processing, and the pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen in waste water, phosphate, turbidity and Cu, Zn are also efficiently removed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment functional materials and heavy metal containing wastewater treatment new technology development field, and in particular to a kind of strong suction
The preparation method of attached type charcoal and its answering for the practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel of efficient process using the strong absorbent-type charcoal
With.
Background technique
In the electroplating effluent and cleaning waste water that the industry productions processes such as plating, metallurgy, printing and dyeing and non-ferrous metal metallurgy generate
Containing the heavy metals such as a large amount of Ni and a certain number of Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, wherein heavy metal Ni concentration range be 17mg/L~
520mg/L。Ni2+Strong toxicity, there are potential carcinogenicities, and its form stable, are not easy to be degraded by microorganisms, and can lead into environment
It crosses food chain to be enriched in vivo, seriously endangers ecology erroneous zone and human health.
Currently, common nickel-containing waste water processing method mainly includes the precipitation method (FeCl3、AlCl3、Al2(SO42)3、PAC、
Ca(OH)2Deng), absorption method (active carbon, charcoal, nano particle etc.), electrolysis method, ion-exchange, catalytic reduction method, nanofiltration
Method, hyperfiltration and electroosmose process etc., in which:
The precipitation method are easy to operate, and treatment effeciency is high, but it is commonly present that precipitation capacity is excessive and effluent quality is difficult to up to standard lack
It falls into；Cost is relatively low for absorption method, is easy to large-scale promotion, but there are adsorbent species are less and the lower defect of adsorption efficiency.
A certain amount of heavy metal can be recycled in ion-exchange and catalytic reduction method, but the purity for recycling heavy metal is lower, and
Complex process, effluent quality are poor.
Nanofiltration and hyperfiltration treatment effect are relatively stable, but there is also processing cost height, what film was easily blocked and polluted is lacked
It falls into.
In practice, Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel complicated component belongs to highly acid water body, often containing the ammonia of higher concentration in addition to Ni
The pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphate, Cu, Zn, and its coloration, turbidity are higher, traditional single method is difficult to realize high-efficient purification to it,
Therefore seeking the new further treatment technique for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel is always applicant's one of research topic of interest.
Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing aspect patent also have been reported that at home, such as:
(1) Chinese patent application (notification number: CN207046985U), a kind of patent name: nickel-containing waste water treatment for reuse system
System, the composite technology processing nickel-containing waste water which is combined using micro-filtrate membrane filtration, reverse osmosis and ion exchange, treatment effect
Stablize, effluent quality can reach reuse requirement, but have the defects that complex process, at high cost, filter membrane recovery utilization rate is low.
(2) Chinese patent application (publication number: CN105461119A), patent name: anodic oxidation sealing of hole generates nickeliferous
The processing method and processing system of waste water.This method is handed over using photocatalytic degradation, Fenton oxidation, flocculation sedimentation, filtering and ion
The group technology that commutation combines purifies nickel-containing waste water, high to the removal rate of nickel in waste water, also have to organic matter certain degradation and
Removal efficiency, but its complex process, at high cost, required medicament is more.
(3) Chinese patent application (publication number: CN105439360A), a kind of patent name: processing method of nickel-containing waste water
And its processing system.The system obtains distilled water and concentrate by adjusting nickel-containing waste water pH and being concentrated by evaporation, then to distilled water
Sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption and nanofiltration are carried out, separation of solid and liquid and rectifying are carried out to concentrate, so that processing is containing there are many complexing agents
Nickel-containing waste water, process flow is complicated, and distillation process is time-consuming and laborious.
(4) Chinese patent application (publication number: CN105271622A), a kind of patent name: electroplating wastewater zero processing
Technique and system.The technique first uses the part heavy metal ion in electrochemical reactor removal electroplating wastewater, then uses coagulation
The precipitation method remove partial organic substances, metal ion and suspended matter, remove most of organic matter by A/O biochemical system, finally lead to
Film filtering, reverse osmosis and evaporative condenser are crossed, realizes the advanced treating of electroplating wastewater, complex process, biochemical treatment is partially stabilized
Property is poor, and processing cost is higher.
(5) Chinese patent application (publication number: CN105217862A), a kind of patent name: Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel zero-emission
Processing unit and its method.The invention passes through ion exchange, tube microfiltration membrane filtering and accurate filter and two steps ro
Treatment process makes water outlet reach electroplating technology quality of reused water, realizes electroplating wastewater zero, but its wastewater recycle rate is lower,
And filter membrane recyclability is poor.
(6) a kind of Chinese patent application (publication number: CN104724795A) patent name: electrochemistry handling nickel-containing waste water
Processing system and electrochemical method.The invention first by nickel-containing waste water introduce diaphragm reactor anode chamber, wherein the nickel of complex state from
Son discharges free state nickel ion under anodizing, then passes through cation-exchange membrane under electric field action and enters cathode chamber
Deposition reaction occurs, cathode chamber is finally discharged direct emission.This method processing water is small, the adaptation to waste water quality to be processed
Property is lower, and requires water turbidity smaller.
In conclusion the technology at present applied to the processing of practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel is although more, but there is still a need for continuation
Development research and development are easy to operate, and perfect technology, occupied area is small, flexible operation, low-cost Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing technique,
To meet the use of wastewater treatment heavy industrialization.
Summary of the invention
For efficient process Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel and the defect of conventional treatment process is made up, the present invention provides a kind of strong absorption
The preparation method of type charcoal and its application that Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing is used for using the strong absorbent-type charcoal.Its preparation side
Common duckweed passes through high temperature and limits the strong absorbent-type of oxygen cracking as biomass material when method is using water body generation eutrophication
Charcoal, the strong absorbent-type charcoal that will acquire are used to make its effluent quality reach row the advanced treating of Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel
Put standard.
In order to realize that above-mentioned task, the present invention take following technical solution:
A kind of preparation method of strong absorbent-type charcoal, which is characterized in that this method uses duckweed for raw material, specific to prepare
Process is as follows:
The raw material for weighing certain mass, which is put into porcelain crucible, fills up compacting, and capping is placed in box resistance Muffle furnace, point
Each constant temperature limit oxygen cracking charing 2h, takes out after being cooled to room temperature, crosses 80 mesh screens, obtain strong not under the conditions of 200 DEG C~700 DEG C
Absorbent-type charcoal.
According to the present invention, best constant temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization temperature is 400 DEG C.
Further, the raw material obtains in the following ways:
(1) it salvages water body and the duckweed that generates when eutrophication occurs, cleaned up and with deionized water rinse；
(2) by duckweed natural air drying 7 days after rinse, using high-speed multifunctional pulverizer grind into powder；
(3) duckweed powder is placed in constant weight in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and for 24 hours, crosses 60 mesh screens to obtain the final product.
Show strong absorbent-type charcoal obtained by the above method for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing according to the experiment of applicant
Application, specifically follow these steps to implement:
Step (1): the pretreatment to practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel
The Ca (OH) of 5g/L is added into practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel2, in isothermal vibration blender, under 200r/min
Stir 2min, after in 50r/min stir 10min, stand 30min, its supernatant taken to measure each pollutant concentration, and by supernatant
For measuring remnants Ni concentration in solution after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration；
Step (2): the first absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
The supernatant for taking step (1), the strong absorbent-type charcoal that 2g/L is added are adsorbed for the first time, and adsorption conditions are 25 DEG C
± 0.5 DEG C, vibrate 12h under 200r/min, be then centrifuged 3min in 6000r/min, its supernatant taken to measure each pollutant concentration,
And supernatant is used to measure remnants Ni concentration in solution after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration；
Step (3): the second adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
Supernatant after taking the strong absorbent-type charcoal of step to adsorb for the first time, add the strong absorbent-type charcoal of 3g/L into
Row second adsorption meets national electroplating wastewater discharge standard requirement.
Common duckweed is raw material when the present invention is using water body generation eutrophication, in constant temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization condition preparation
Strong absorbent-type charcoal passes through the strong absorbent-type charcoal surface topography to made from, functional group, material composition and to manual simulation
Ni in nickel-containing waste water2+Absorption research, the results showed that strong absorbent-type biology carbon surface made from duckweed is tied in the porous layering of sponge
Structure, rough surface and hole and duct are more, rich in O-H, CO3 2-And COO?Equal functional groups, in material composition KCl content compared with
Height, to Ni in simulated wastewater2+Adsorption effect it is significant.It finds to utilize the strong absorbent-type charcoal two-step method absorption and Ca simultaneously
(OH)2The group technology that preformed precipitate combines, can high-efficient purification Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel, reduce waste water in Ni concentration while it is big
Width reduces the pollutant concentrations such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, Cu, Zn, and effluent quality is made to reach emission request, realizes electroplating wastewater
The purpose of zero-emission.
Compared to the prior art, the preparation and its application bring technological innovation of the strong absorbent-type charcoal of the present invention are:
1, duckweed is used to prepare strong absorbent-type charcoal for the first time, raw material sources are extensive, and preparation is convenient, not only avoid often
Secondary pollution caused by landfill method in duckweed disposition is advised, while realizing the resource utilization of waste.
2, the group technology that the absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal is combined with chemical precipitation is used for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing,
Can high-efficient purification electroplating wastewater, so that its effluent quality is reached emission request, realize the zero-emission of Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel, and make up
The precipitation capacity faced when conventional flocculation sedimentation process electroplating wastewater is excessive and water quality is not easy defect up to standard.
3, meet green economy, the strategic objective of sustainable development, realize salvage property while solving secondary pollution
Sourceization utilizes.
4, technological operation is simple, with low investment, land occupation less, low energy consumption, at low cost, high-efficient, operation is convenient, treatment effect is steady
Fixed, water outlet is easily up to standard, provides scientific guidance and valuable reference for the processing of practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of strong absorbent-type charcoal.
Fig. 2 is to be made the loss late of strong absorbent-type charcoal under different temperatures and to initial Ni2+Ion concentration is 50mg/L
Simulation nickel-containing waste water in Ni2+Removal rate.
Fig. 3 is strong absorbent-type charcoal to Ni in different initial concentration Imitating waste water2+Saturated extent of adsorption.
Fig. 4 is strong absorbent-type charcoal to initial Ni2+Ion concentration is Ni in the simulated wastewater of 40mg/L2+Dynamic inhale
Attached curve.
Fig. 5 is that strong absorbent-type charcoal adsorbs Ni in nickel-containing waste water2+The FTIR spectrum figure of front and back.
Fig. 6 is that strong absorbent-type charcoal adsorbs Ni in nickel-containing waste water2+The XRD diffracting spectrum of front and back.
Charcoal described in figure is strong absorbent-type charcoal.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the preparation of strong absorbent-type charcoal
The duckweed that is formed is raw material when salvaging water eutrophication, is cleaned up and with deionized water rinse, natural air drying 7
High-speed multifunctional pulverizer (model: BJ-100) grind into powder is used after it, is placed in constant weight in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and for 24 hours, is crossed 60 mesh
Sieve is spare.
The duckweed powder for weighing certain mass is put into the porcelain crucible of 100mL and fills up compacting, and capping is placed on box resistance
In Muffle furnace (SX-4-10), constant temperature limit oxygen cracks charcoal at 200 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 400 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 600 DEG C and 700 DEG C respectively
Change 2h, taken out after being cooled to room temperature, the loss that oxygen cracks quality of material difference calculating charcoal before and after charing process is limited by constant temperature
Rate, and cross 80 mesh screens and be stored in brown bottle for use.
Fig. 1 be duckweed at 400 DEG C constant temperature limit oxygen cracking charing 2h after be made charcoal scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, You Tuke with
Finding out duckweed, strong absorbent-type biology carbon surface obtained is in the porous layered structure of sponge at 400 DEG C, and at 400 DEG C, hole wall is burnt
To molten state, hole wall collapse, leads to the strong absorbent-type charcoal rough surface and micropore is unevenly distributed, but its hole and duct compared with
More, pore structure is compared with horn of plenty.
Embodiment 2: absorbent-type charcoal is preferred by force
With Ni (NO3)2·6H2O prepares initial Ni2+Ion concentration is simulating nickel-containing waste water and using 0.1M's for 50mg/L
It is 7.0 ± 0.2 that NaOH and HCl, which adjust solution ph, adds charcoal obtained under different cracking temperatures respectively and inhales to it
Attached, wherein the mass concentration of charcoal is 5g/L；Adsorption process is carried out in water-bath constant temperature oscillator (THZ-82), and 25 DEG C ± 0.5
DEG C, vibrate 12h under 200r/min, be then centrifuged 3min in 6000r/min, its supernatant taken to be used for after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration
Measure Ni remaining in solution2+Concentration, by comparing charcoal to Ni in simulation nickel-containing waste water2+Removal rate, strong absorbent-type it is raw
The loss late and energy consumption of object charcoal preparation process, preferably strong absorbent-type charcoal.
Fig. 2 is to be made the loss late of strong absorbent-type charcoal under different temperatures and to initial Ni2+Ion concentration is 50mg/L
Simulation nickel-containing waste water in Ni2+Removal rate.As shown in Figure 2, when constant temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization temperature≤400 DEG C, charcoal
Loss late and to simulation nickel-containing waste water in Ni2+Removal rate with the rising of cracking temperature in the trend that sharply increases, work as perseverance
Temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization temperature > 400 DEG C when, the loss late of strong absorbent-type charcoal and to simulation nickel-containing waste water in Ni2+Removal
Rate is increased slightly with the rising of constant temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization temperature and tends towards stability substantially.Therefore, it is raw to comprehensively consider strong absorbent-type
The loss late of object charcoal preparation process, energy consumption and to Ni in simulation nickel-containing waste water2+The factors such as removal rate, preferably select permanent at 400 DEG C
Temperature limit oxygen cracks charcoal obtained as strong absorbent-type charcoal.
Embodiment 3: the isothermal adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
With Ni (NO3)2·6H2O prepares different Ni2+The simulation nickel-containing waste water of concentration, initial concentration be respectively 10mg/L,
20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 80mg/L, 100mg/L, 120mg/L, 160mg/L and 200mg/L are adopted
Adjusting solution ph with the NaOH and HCl of 0.1M is 7.0 ± 0.2, add respectively the strong absorbent-type charcoal of 1.25g/L to its into
Row absorption, adsorption process and measurement are same as above, and probe into the saturated extent of adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal.
Fig. 3 is strong absorbent-type charcoal to Ni in different initial concentration Imitating waste water2+Saturated extent of adsorption.It can by Fig. 3
Know, the adsorption isothermal curve of strong absorbent-type charcoal meets Langmiur isothermal adsorpting equation, and its saturated extent of adsorption is
45.455mg/g, much higher than the other charcoals reported in existing document and patent to Ni2+Saturated extent of adsorption.
Embodiment 4: the Dynamic Adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
With Ni (NO3)2·6H2O prepares initial Ni2+Ion concentration is simulating nickel-containing waste water and using 0.1M's for 40mg/L
It is 7.0 ± 0.2 that NaOH and HCl, which adjusts solution ph, and strong absorbent-type charcoal is added by the dosage of 1.25g/L.
Adsorption process is in water-bath constant temperature oscillator (THZ-82), and 25 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C, vibrate under 200r/min and carry out, point
Not reaction 10min, 20min, 30min, 60min, 120min, 240min, 360min, 480min, 600min, 720min,
When 840min, 960min, 1080min, 1200min, 1320min and 1440min, solution after absorption is centrifuged in 6000r/min
3min takes its supernatant after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration for measuring Ni remaining in solution2+Concentration.
Fig. 4 is strong absorbent-type charcoal to initial Ni2+Ion concentration is Ni in the simulated wastewater of 40mg/L2+Dynamic inhale
Attached curve.As shown in Figure 4, the Dynamic Adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal meets second-order kinetic equation, R2Value reachable 0.999,
And adsorption equilibrium is basically reached when adsorbing 12h.
Fig. 5 is that strong absorbent-type charcoal adsorbs Ni in nickel-containing waste water2+The FTIR spectrum figure of front and back, as shown in Figure 5,
In 3420cm before strong absorbent-type charcoal absorption-1Nearby there is the O-H stretching vibration peak of Qiang Erkuan, in 1383cm-1Nearby exist
Stronger CO3 2-Absorption peak, 1100~1200cm-1The absorption peak at place belongs to the stretching vibration of C-O, and it is strong that these are conducive to enhancing
Absorbent-type charcoal is to Ni in waste water2+Adsorption effect.1577.38cm after charcoal absorption-1COO?Stretching vibration peak subtracts
Weak, the stretching vibration of C-O occurs from 1115.88cm-1To 1048.68cm-1Offset.
Fig. 6 is that strong absorbent-type charcoal adsorbs Ni in nickel-containing waste water2+The XRD diffracting spectrum of front and back, it will be appreciated from fig. 6 that strong inhale
Attached type charcoal is mainly by KCl and CaCO3It constitutes, the KCl diffraction maximum in strong absorbent-type charcoal composition after absorption is obviously weak
Change, while the diffraction maximum of a large amount of nickeliferous ionic compound NiCx occur, illustrates strong absorbent-type charcoal to Ni in solution2+Have compared with
Strong adsorption effect.
Embodiment 5: the desorption of charcoal after adsorption saturation
With Ni (NO3)2·6H2O prepares initial Ni2+Ion concentration is simulating nickel-containing waste water and using 0.1M's for 40mg/L
It is 7.0 ± 0.2 that NaOH and HCl, which adjusts solution ph, and strong absorbent-type charcoal is added by the dosage of 1.25g/L.Adsorption process
It is carried out in water-bath constant temperature oscillator (THZ-82), 25 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C, vibrate 12h under 200r/min, its is taken to precipitate conduct after centrifugation
Strong absorbent-type charcoal after adsorption saturation.
Charcoal after adsorption saturation is respectively adopted HCl, HNO of 0.1M3、H2SO4、C6H8O7, NaOH, NaCl and KCl
Solution is desorbed.Desorption process carries out in the water-bath constant temperature oscillator (THZ-82), and 25 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C, shake under 200r/min
2h is swung, is then centrifuged 3min in 6000r/min, takes its supernatant after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration for measuring Ni in solution2+It is dense
Spend and carry out the calculating of desorption efficiency.
Different strippants are as shown in table 1 to the desorption efficiency of charcoal after adsorption saturation:
Table 1: desorption efficiency of the different strippants to charcoal after adsorption saturation
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that HCl, HNO of 0.1M3、H2SO4And C6H8O7Have well to the charcoal after adsorption saturation
Desorption effect, wherein C6H8O7Desorption efficiency highest, up to 99.83%, basic strong absorbent-type charcoal after realizing adsorption saturation
It is complete regeneration and recycling.
Using the absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal two-step method and Ca (OH)2The group technology that precipitated phase combines is to practical nickeliferous electricity
The processing of waste electroplating water quality is as shown in table 2:
Table 2: Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel water quality
By data in table 2 it is found that removing heavy metals Ni concentration is higher outer in practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate,
The pollutant concentrations such as COD, Zn and Cu are also higher, these pollutants and then can reduce strong absorption with Ni ion competition adsorption site
Removal effect of the type charcoal to Ni in actual waste water.Practical electroplating wastewater pH value is lower simultaneously, H+And Ni2+Between compete activity
Site, so that strong absorbent-type charcoal independent role declines to a great extent to the adsorption effect of heavy metal Ni in Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel.
Therefore, using the absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal two-step method and Ca (OH)2The group technology that preformed precipitate combines, to reality
Border Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel carries out advanced treating, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: the pretreatment to practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel
The Ca (OH) of 5g/L is added into practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel2, connect asynchronous isothermal vibration blender (HJ-6S) six
First quick stirring 2min under 200r/min, after in 50r/min mix slowly 10min, stand 30min.
Step 2: the first absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
Take step 1 Ca (OH)2Pretreated supernatant, the strong absorbent-type charcoal that 2g/L is added are adsorbed for the first time.
Step 3: the second adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
Supernatant after taking the strong absorbent-type charcoal of step 2 to adsorb for the first time, add the strong absorbent-type charcoal of 3g/L into
Row second adsorption can meet national electroplating wastewater discharge standard (GB21900-2008) and require.
In the present embodiment, the measurement index of practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel specifically include that ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, Ni,
Cu and Zn etc..
The absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal two-step method and Ca (OH) that the present embodiment uses2The combination work that preformed precipitate combines
Skill, as shown in table 3 to the clean-up effect of practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel:
Table 3: clean-up effect of the group technology to practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel
By the number of table 3 it is found that the strong absorbent-type charcoal that the present embodiment provides adsorbs and Ca (OH)2What preformed precipitate combined
Group technology is 98.85% and 99.98% to nickel in waste electroplating water and phosphatic removal rate, Heavy Metals in Waters after processing
The concentration of Ni is 0.42mg/L, lower than national discharge standard for electroplating pollutants (GB21900-2008, Ni < 0.5mg/L).And to ammonia
Nitrogen, salinity, Cu, Zn removal rate respectively up to 94.26%, 72.10%, 98.46% and 100%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of strong absorbent-type charcoal, which is characterized in that this method uses duckweed for raw material, specifically prepares
Journey is as follows:
The raw material of certain mass is weighed, is crushed, is then placed in porcelain crucible and fills up compacting, capping is placed on box resistance Muffle furnace
In, each constant temperature limit oxygen cracking charing 2h, takes out after being cooled to room temperature, crosses 80 mesh screens under the conditions of 200 DEG C~700 DEG C,
Obtain strong absorbent-type charcoal.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the best constant temperature limit oxygen cracking carbonization temperature is 400 DEG C.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the biomass material obtains in the following ways:
(1) it salvages water body and the duckweed that generates when eutrophication occurs, cleaned up and with deionized water rinse；
(2) by duckweed natural air drying 7 days after rinse, using high-speed multifunctional pulverizer grind into powder；
(3) duckweed powder is placed in constant weight in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and for 24 hours, crosses 60 mesh screens to obtain the final product.
4. the strong absorbent-type charcoal that one of claims 1 to 3 the method obtains is for Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel processing
Using.
5. application as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that follow these steps to implement:
Step (1): the pretreatment to practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel
The Ca (OH) of 5g/L is added into practical Treating Electroplate Wastewater Containing Nickel2, to be stirred under 200r/min in isothermal vibration blender
2min, after in 50r/min stir 10min, stand 30min, take its supernatant to measure each pollutant concentration, and supernatant is passed through
For measuring remnants Ni concentration in solution after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration；
Step (2): the first absorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
The supernatant for taking step (1), the strong absorbent-type charcoal that 2g/L is added are adsorbed for the first time, adsorption conditions be 25 DEG C ±
0.5 DEG C, vibrate 12h under 200r/min, be then centrifuged 3min in 6000r/min, its supernatant taken to measure each pollutant concentration, and
Supernatant is used to measure remnants Ni concentration in solution after 0.22 μm of membrane filtration；
Step (3): the second adsorption of strong absorbent-type charcoal
Supernatant after taking the strong absorbent-type charcoal of step to adsorb for the first time, the strong absorbent-type charcoal for adding 3g/L carry out two
Secondary absorption meets national electroplating wastewater discharge standard requirement.
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