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CN109517366A - 汽车顶棚及其制造方法 - Google Patents

汽车顶棚及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109517366A
CN109517366A CN201811262095.9A CN201811262095A CN109517366A CN 109517366 A CN109517366 A CN 109517366A CN 201811262095 A CN201811262095 A CN 201811262095A CN 109517366 A CN109517366 A CN 109517366A
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China
Prior art keywords
parts
layer
roof
ceiling substrate
vehicle
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Granted
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CN201811262095.9A
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CN109517366B (zh
Inventor
吴长胜
王亚安
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Tianjin Huaxiang Roof System Co ltd
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Tianjin Huaxiang Automobile Roof System Co Ltd
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种汽车顶棚及其制造方法。汽车顶棚包括顶棚基材层、位于顶棚基材层上下两侧的玻璃纤维毡层、粘附在玻璃纤维毡上下两侧的胶水层，位于玻璃纤维毡靠近顶棚基材一侧的胶水层与顶棚基材相互接触，位于玻璃纤维毡远离顶棚基材一侧的胶水层上粘附有无纺布层；其制备方法包括以下步骤：S1：制备顶棚基材层；S2：喷洒软化水；S3：辅助层制备；S4：压制成型；S5：冷却定型；S6：水刀切割。其具有VOC含量低的优点；另外，本发明的制备方法具有工艺简单、能够制备出密度均匀的汽车顶棚的优点。

Description

汽车顶棚及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车内饰技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种汽车顶棚及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着当前汽车内饰行业越来越趋向于高性能、环保型、低碳、低VOC的发展趋势，对汽车顶棚的要求也越来越高。汽车顶棚产品除了具有提高车内装饰性的作用外，还起隔音、吸音和隔热的作用。
现有技术中，授权公告号为CN206085821B的中国实用新型专利文件中公开了一种新型汽车顶棚，包括顶盖，所述顶盖的下表面固定连接有泡沫层，所述泡沫层的底部固定连接有吸音隔热层，所述吸音隔热层的下表面固定连接有光滑板层，所述光滑板层的下表面连接有吸盘，所述吸盘的下部设置有连接层，所述连接层的下表面固定连接有弹性纤维层，所述弹性纤维层的下部表面设置有无纺布层。
现有的这种汽车顶喷虽然具有隔音、吸音和隔热的作用，但因为使用聚氨酯泡沫，一方面聚氨酯的VOC排放量较高，尤其是乙醛检测含量通常在11μg/m2，当聚氨酯泡沫和其他材料相互结合制成顶盘基材后，也无法有效控制其的乙醛排放量，导致汽车顶棚产品的总VOC含量居高不下，另外聚氨酯在制备过程中，由于泡沫材料溶液发泡均匀度不易控制，会使顶棚基材密度不均匀。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种汽车顶棚，其具有VOC含量低的优点。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，其具有生产工艺简单，能够制备出密度均匀的汽车顶棚的优点。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：一种汽车顶棚，包括顶棚基材层、位于顶棚基材层上下两侧的玻璃纤维毡层、粘附在玻璃纤维毡层上下两侧的胶水层，位于玻璃纤维毡层靠近顶棚基材层一侧的胶水层与顶棚基材层相互接触，位于玻璃纤维毡层远离顶棚基材层一侧的胶水层上粘附有无纺布层；
所述顶棚基材层由以下重量份的物质组成：80-90份聚醚多元醇、40-60份甲苯二异氰酸酯、20-30份改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、10-30份水、1-10份催化剂、2-6份发泡剂、1-5份交联剂、0.9-2.8份硅油、1-4份开孔剂、2-5份硅油、5-10份活性炭纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于使用甲苯二异氰酸酯、改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇作为制造顶棚基材的原料，三者与催化剂、交联剂和发泡剂等相互混合后，能够制备出发泡均匀、力学性能优良，同时因为加入活性炭纤维，能够增加顶棚基材吸附醛类物质的能力，使得顶棚基材在使用过程中，VOC排放量少，降低VOC值，增加环保效果，且使用硅油能够使顶棚基材在制造过程中流动性较好，能够使泡沫分布均匀，且保持泡沫的稳定性，制得密度较为均匀的顶棚基材。
进一步地，所述顶棚基材层的原料的重量份为：84-88份聚醚多元醇、45-55份甲苯二异氰酸酯、24-28份改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、15-25份水、4-8份催化剂、3-5份发泡剂、2-4份交联剂、1.2-2.4份硅油、2-3份开孔剂、7-8份活性炭纤维。
进一步地，所述聚醚多元醇为分子量为500-1000，官能度为2-5的聚醚多元醇中的至少一种和分子量为3000-6000，羟基值为28-35mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇中的至少一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，使用分子量为500-1000，官能度为2-5的聚醚多元醇和分子量为3000-6000，羟基值为28-35mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇，能够在制备聚氨酯顶棚基材时，使待成型的原料的流动性较好，克服聚氨酯泡沫流动性较好，造成泡沫板整体密度不均匀的缺点，提高泡沫的流动性，且使泡沫具有很强的韧性、足够的抗压强度和耐高温的能力。
进一步地，所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、丙二醇和三丙二醇中的一种或几种的组合物。
通过采用上述技术方案，使用二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、丙二醇和三丙二醇作为交联剂，能够使顶棚基材具有良好的回弹性、较好的伸长率和撕裂强度，避免因顶棚基材密度较低而造成乘车人在车内部发生磕碰。
进一步地，所述顶棚基材层、胶水层、玻璃纤维毡层和无纺布层的厚度比为1:0.2-0.4:1.3-1.5:0.6-1。
通过采用上述技术方案，合理设置顶棚基材层、胶水层、玻璃纤维毡层和无纺布层，使汽车顶棚既具有美观度，又具有较高的强度。
进一步地，汽车顶棚还包括粘附在顶棚基材层上下侧且与胶水层接触的吸收层，吸收层与顶棚基材层的厚度比为1:0.4-0.7；
所述吸收层由吸收剂干燥后制成，所述吸收剂包含以下重量份的物质：20-50份二氧化锰、20-30份活性炭、10-20份尿素溶液、20-30份乙二胺溶液、5-10份氧化铝、15-20份硅胶、10-15份硅藻土、5-10份低VOC胶粘剂、50-60份去离子水。
通过采用上述技术方案，在顶棚基材的上下两侧设置吸收层，利用能够吸收VOC的物质制备吸收剂，在汽车顶棚使用过程中，能够吸附顶棚基材挥发出的VOC，从而降低汽车顶棚的VOC值；同时使用乙二胺。尿素、二氧化锰等醛类吸附剂，能够吸收乙醛、甲醛等有害气体，氧化铝、硅胶、硅藻土、活性炭等不仅能够吸附有害气体，还能吸附异味，使车内没有异味，保持清新。
进一步地，所述吸收剂的制备方法如下：将活性炭、硅藻土、氧化铝和硅胶放入反应器中，混合搅拌均匀，再加入二氧化锰，倒入尿素溶液、乙二胺溶液，混合搅拌均匀后，再倒入低VOC胶粘剂和去离子水，再混合搅拌均匀。
通过采用上述技术方案，先将具有空隙结构的活性炭、硅藻土、氧化铝和硅胶一起混合搅拌，使颗粒较小的物质能够进入颗粒较大的物质内部，使得原料能够混合较为均匀，之后再将二氧化锰、尿素溶液、乙二胺溶液加入其中，使得溶液进入空隙内，混合较为均匀，再将低VOC胶粘剂和水加入其中，使得吸收剂具有一定的黏性，能够粘附在顶棚基材层上。
为实现上述第二个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：制备顶棚基材层：将聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，开启搅拌，按顺序依次加入交联剂、催化剂、开孔剂、发泡剂、水、硅油和活性炭纤维，搅拌均匀，再加入甲苯二异氰酸酯和改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，搅拌完成后，倒入模具中，合模，脱模后放置，冷却后切成所需大小；
S2：喷洒软化水：在顶棚基材层的两侧均匀喷洒纯净水，单面的洒水量为20-30g/m2；
S3：辅助层制备：取玻璃纤维毡，作为玻璃纤维毡层，在玻璃纤维毡层的两侧辊涂胶水，形成胶水层，在一侧的胶水层上粘附无纺布，形成无纺布层，在另一侧的胶水层上涂覆吸收剂，形成吸收层；
S4：压制成型：将两个玻璃纤维毡层上的吸收层分别与经步骤S2处理的顶棚基材层的上侧和下侧相互接触，之后将材料置于模具中，压制成型后得到汽车顶棚初型，模具温度为140-150℃，成型压力为9-10MPa，成型保压时间为35-40s；
S5：冷却定型：将压制成型后的汽车顶棚初型置于定型模具中冷却定型，定型时间能为35-40s；
S6：水刀切割：将冷却定型后的汽车顶棚放入切割模具中，进行水刀切割，切掉边角料后制成汽车顶棚。
通过采用上述技术方案，先制备顶棚基材，再将顶棚基材裁剪成所需要的尺寸，再将顶棚基材的两侧喷洒上纯净水，将顶棚基材进行软化，便于粘附吸收层，再用玻璃纤维毡制备玻璃纤维毡层和胶水层，便于粘附吸收层，最后将吸收层与顶棚基材层粘附在一起，再进行压制和切割，通过热压成型，能够将汽车顶棚的多层结构压合紧密，冷却定型能够使汽车顶棚固定形状，防止变形。
进一步地，所述步骤S6中，切割完成的汽车顶棚再使用人工打磨的方式整修边角。
通过采用上述技术方案，人工将汽车顶棚进行打磨，可以提高汽车顶棚的质量，使汽车顶棚的边缘较为光滑。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中，合模反应时间为3-4min。
通过采用上述技术方案，精确控制顶棚基材的合模时间，能够制备出密度较为均匀的顶棚基材。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
第一、由于本发明在顶棚基材的原材料中加入活性炭纤维，使得顶棚基材具有吸附醛类物质的能力，在汽车顶棚使用过程中，能够降低车内的VOC值。
第二、本发明中在顶棚基材的上下两侧设置吸收层，由于使用具有吸附醛类物质的多空隙结构的物质，使得位于顶棚基材上下两侧的吸收层，能够吸收顶棚基材挥发出的有害其他，降低车内的VOC值，起到环保作用，同时吸收剂中的多空隙物质也能够吸收车内的异味，使车内的空气保持清新。
第三、本发明的方法，通过对汽车顶棚进行热压成型和冷却定型操作，使汽车顶棚的多层结构具有粘合紧密，防止层间脱离。
第四、本发明的方法，通过对顶棚材料的两侧进行喷水，能够软化顶棚基材，使顶棚基材和吸收剂粘附紧密。
附图说明
图1是本发明中汽车顶棚的结构示意图。
附图说明：1、顶棚基材层；2、玻璃纤维毡层；21、胶水层；3、无纺布层；4、吸收层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
吸收剂的制备例
制备例1：将20千克活性炭、10千克硅藻土、5千克氧化铝和15千克硅胶放入反应器中，混合搅拌均匀，再加入20千克二氧化锰，倒入10千克尿素溶液、20千克乙二胺溶液，混合搅拌均匀后，再倒入5千克低VOC胶粘剂和50千克去离子水，再混合搅拌均匀；其中尿素溶液的质量分数为35％，乙二胺溶液的质量分数为18％低VOC胶粘剂为3M94CA透明高强度后成型低VOC胶粘剂。
制备例2：将25千克活性炭、13千克硅藻土、8千克氧化铝和17千克硅胶放入反应器中，混合搅拌均匀，再加入35千克二氧化锰，倒入15千克尿素溶液、25千克乙二胺溶液，混合搅拌均匀后，再倒入8千克低VOC胶粘剂和55千克去离子水，再混合搅拌均匀；其中尿素溶液的质量分数为38％，乙二胺溶液的质量分数为20％，低VOC胶粘剂为3M94CA透明高强度后成型低VOC胶粘剂。
制备例3：将30千克活性炭、15千克硅藻土、10千克氧化铝和20千克硅胶放入反应器中，混合搅拌均匀，再加入50千克二氧化锰，倒入20千克尿素溶液、30千克乙二胺溶液，混合搅拌均匀后，再倒入10千克低VOC胶粘剂和60千克去离子水，再混合搅拌均匀；其中尿素溶液的质量分数为40％，乙二胺溶液的质量分数为22％，低VOC胶粘剂为3M94CA透明高强度后成型低VOC胶粘剂。
实施例
实施例1：一种汽车顶棚，参见图1，包括顶棚基材层1、粘附在顶棚基材层1上侧和下侧的吸收层4，位于吸收层4远离顶棚基材层1一侧的玻璃纤维毡层2，玻璃纤维毡层2的上侧和下侧均涂覆有胶水层21，位于玻璃纤维毡层2靠近顶棚基材层1一侧的胶水层21与吸收层4相互接触，位于玻璃纤维毡层2远离顶棚基材层1一侧的胶水层21上粘附有无纺布层3，其中顶棚基材层1、胶水层21、玻璃纤维毡层2、无纺布层3和吸收层4的厚度比为1:0.2:1.3:0.6:0.4。
实施例2：一种汽车顶棚，与实施例1区别在于，顶棚基材层1、胶水层21、玻璃纤维毡层2、无纺布层3和吸收层4的厚度比为1:0.3:1.4:0.8:0.6。
实施例3：一种汽车顶棚，与实施例1区别在于，顶棚基材层1、胶水层21、玻璃纤维毡层2、无纺布层3和吸收层4的厚度比为1:0.4:1.5:0.1:0.7。
实施例4：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法包括以下步骤，各原料的配比如表1所示，其中“份”表示重量份：
S1：制备顶棚基材层1：将80份聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，开启搅拌，搅拌时间为1小时，按顺序依次加入1份交联剂、1份催化剂、1份开孔剂、2份发泡剂、10份水、2份硅油和5份活性炭纤维，搅拌均匀，控制反应器的温度为5℃，反应时间为30min；再加入40份甲苯二异氰酸酯和20份改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，控制反应时间为30min，反应温度为5℃，搅拌完成后，对模具进行预热处理，之后将混合料倒入模具中，合模，脱模后放置，冷却后切成所需大小；
其中聚醚多元醇为一种分子量为500，官能度为2的聚醚多元醇和一种分子量为3000，羟基值为28mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇，优选CHE-828D和CHE-33N；
交联剂为巴斯夫公司DEOA二乙醇胺和TEOA三乙醇胺，催化剂为美国气体化工产品有限公司的NE1070型，硅油为美国气体化工产品有限公司的DC2525型和DC6070型硅油，开孔剂为聚氧化丙烯-氧化乙烯共聚醚物型开孔剂与聚硅氧烷共聚物型开孔剂的混合物，发泡剂为东莞市道尔新材料科技有限公司的6202；
S2：喷洒软化水：在顶棚基材的两侧均匀喷洒纯净水，单面的洒水量为20g/m2；
S3：辅助层制备：取玻璃纤维毡，作为玻璃纤维毡层2，在玻璃纤维毡层2的两侧辊涂胶水，形成胶水层21，在一侧的胶水层21上粘附无纺布形成无纺布层3，在另一侧的胶水层21上涂覆吸收剂，形成吸收层3；其中胶水为环保型湿固化聚氨酯胶，优选深圳威雅诺科技有限公司的8102B型，吸收剂由制备例1制备而成；
S4：压制成型：将两个玻璃纤维毡层2上的吸收层4分别与经步骤S2处理的顶棚基材层1的上侧和下侧相互接触，之后将材料置于模具中，压制成型后得到汽车顶棚初型，模具温度为140℃，成型压力为9MPa，成型保压时间为35s；
S5：冷却定型：将压制成型后的汽车顶棚初型置于定型模具中冷却定型，定型时间能为35s；
S6：水刀切割：将冷却定型后的汽车顶棚放入切割模具中，进行水刀切割，切割压力为2500Pa，切掉边角料后制成汽车顶棚，切割完成的汽车顶棚再使用人工打磨的方式整修边角。
实施例5：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例4的区别在于，各原料配比如表1所示，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇为一种分子量为700，官能度为3的聚醚多元醇和一种分子量为4000，羟基值为30mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇，优选TPE-3600和CHE-220；步骤S2中单面的洒水量为23g/m2；步骤S3中吸收剂由制备例2制备而成；步骤S4中模具温度为144，成型压力为9.4MPa，成型保压时间为37s；步骤S5中，冷却时间为36s；步骤S6中切割压力为3000Pa。
实施例6：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例4的区别在于，各原料配比如表1所示，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇为一种分子量为900，官能度为4的聚醚多元醇和一种分子量为5000，羟基值为33mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇，优选TPE3600和CHE-220；步骤S2中单面的洒水量为27g/m2；步骤S3中吸收剂由制备例3制备而成；步骤S4中模具温度为148℃，成型压力为9.8MPa，成型保压时间为38s；步骤S5中，冷却时间为38s；步骤S6中切割压力为3200Pa。
实施例7：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例4的区别在于，各原料配比如表1所示，步骤S1中，聚醚多元醇为一种分子量为1000，官能度为5的聚醚多元醇和一种分子量为6000，羟基值为35mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇，优选GE-828和CHE-33NN；步骤S2中单面的洒水量为30g/m2；步骤S4中模具温度为150℃，成型压力为10MPa，成型保压时间为40s；步骤S5中，冷却时间为40s；步骤S6中切割压力为3500Pa。
表1实施例4-6中汽车顶棚中各原料的配比
对比例
对比例1：一种汽车顶棚，与实施例1的区别在于，顶棚基材层1的上侧不设置吸收层。
对比例2：一种汽车顶棚，与实施例1的区别在于，顶棚基材层1的上侧和下侧均不设置吸收层。
对比例3：一种汽车顶棚，与实施例1的区别在于，汽车顶棚的原料中使用巴斯夫公司CW5010-102C-B型号的异氰酸酯。
对比例4：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例1的区别在于，顶棚基材层1的原材料中不含活性炭纤维。
对比例5：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例1的区别在于，步骤S1中合模时间为1min。
对比例6：一种汽车顶棚的制造方法，与实施例1的区别在于，步骤S1中合模时间为6min。
性能检测试验
按照实施例1-7和对比例1-6中的方法制备汽车顶棚，并安装到相同品牌且型号相同的车辆内，按照GB/T27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》和HJ/T400-2007《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》，检测标准检测汽车顶棚的性能，检测结构如表2所示，表中“ND”表示不含此物质。
表2实施例1-7和对比例1-6制备的汽车顶棚的性能测试结果
由表2中数据可以看出，按照实施例1-7制造的汽车顶棚在测试时，有较少的VOC类物质挥发，各类VOC物质均在HJ/T400-2007《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》中规定的浓度要求内，按照对比例1制备的汽车顶棚因为顶棚基材层1只有一侧设置吸收层，因此VOC类物质挥发较多，而对比例2中因为顶棚基材层1侧两侧均不设置吸收层4，因此VOC类物质较对比例1中挥发多，对比例3中使用异氰酸酯代替二甲苯异氰酸酯和改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，汽车顶棚的VOC类物质挥发较多，对比例4中因为顶棚基材层1的原料中不含活性炭纤维，因此顶棚基材层1吸收VOC的能力较差，车内VOC类物质挥发量较高，对比例5和对比例6中因为合模时间分别为1min和6min，对汽车顶棚的VOC挥发值没有较大影响，因此对比例5和对比例6制备的汽车顶棚的VOC类物质挥发量较少。
按照实施例4-7和对比例4-6中的方法制备顶棚基材，按照以下测试标准检测顶棚基材的性能，测试结构如表3所示：
1、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率：按照GB/T6344-2008《软质泡棉聚合材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的测定》测试；
2、撕裂强度：按照GB/T10808-2006《高聚物多孔弹性材料撕裂强度的测定》测试；
3、回弹率：按照GB/T6670-2008《软质泡沫聚合材料落球法回弹性的测定》测试；
4、压缩永久变形率：按照GB/T6669-2001《软质泡沫聚合材料压缩永久变形的测定》测试；
5、密度：按照GB/T6343-1995《泡沫塑料和橡胶表观(体积)密度的测定》测试。
表3实施例4-7和对比例4-6中顶棚基材的性能测试结果
由表3中数据可以看出，由实施例4-7中方法制备出的顶棚基材层1的密度较高，密度较为均匀，且拉伸强度、撕裂强度、伸长率等均比对比例4-6制备的顶棚基材优良，对比例4中因没有添加活性炭纤维，所以顶棚基材层1的密度较低，且其余性能均比实施例4-7中的顶棚基材差，对比例5和对比例6中因为合模时间的变化，导致顶棚基材层1的密度较小，其余性能比实施例4-7中的顶棚基材差。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种汽车顶棚，其特征在于，包括顶棚基材层(1)、位于顶棚基材层(1)上下两侧的玻璃纤维毡层(2)、粘附在玻璃纤维毡层（2）上下两侧的胶水层(21)，位于玻璃纤维毡层（2）靠近顶棚基材层（1）一侧的胶水层(21)与顶棚基材层（1）相互接触，位于玻璃纤维毡层（2）远离顶棚基材层（1）一侧的胶水层(21)上粘附有无纺布层(3)；
所述顶棚基材层(1)由以下重量份的物质组成：80-90份聚醚多元醇、40-60份甲苯二异氰酸酯、20-30份改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、10-30份水、1-10份催化剂、2-6份发泡剂、1-5份交联剂、0.9-2.8份硅油、1-4份开孔剂、5-10份活性炭纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，所述顶棚基材层(1)的原料的重量份为：84-88份聚醚多元醇、45-55份甲苯二异氰酸酯、24-28份改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、15-25份水、4-8份催化剂、3-5份发泡剂、2-4份交联剂、1.2-22.4份硅油、2-3份开孔剂、7-8份活性炭纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为分子量为500-1000，官能度为2-5的聚醚多元醇中的至少一种和分子量为3000-6000，羟基值为28-35mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，所述交联剂为二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、丙二醇和三丙二醇中的一种或几种的组合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，所述顶棚基材层(1)、胶水层(21)、玻璃纤维毡层(2)和无纺布层(3)的厚度比为1:0.2-0.4:1.3-1.5:0.6-1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，汽车顶棚还包括粘附在顶棚基材层(1)上下侧且与胶水层(21)接触的吸收层，吸收层与顶棚基材层(1)的厚度比为1:0.4-0.7；
所述吸收层由吸收剂干燥后制成，所述吸收剂包含以下重量份的物质： 20-50份二氧化锰、20-30份活性炭、10-20份尿素溶液、20-30份乙二胺溶液、5-10份氧化铝、15-20份硅胶、10-15份硅藻土、5-10份低VOC胶粘剂、50-60份去离子水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的汽车顶棚，其特征在于，所述吸收剂的制备方法如下：将活性炭、硅藻土、氧化铝和硅胶放入反应器中，混合搅拌均匀，再加入二氧化锰，倒入尿素溶液、乙二胺溶液，混合搅拌均匀后，再倒入低VOC胶粘剂和去离子水，再混合搅拌均匀。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的汽车顶棚的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：制备顶棚基材层(1)：将聚醚多元醇加入反应器中，开启搅拌，按顺序依次加入交联剂、催化剂、开孔剂、发泡剂、水、硅油和活性炭纤维，搅拌均匀，再加入甲苯二异氰酸酯和改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，搅拌完成后，倒入模具中，合模，脱模后放置，冷却后切成所需大小；
S2：喷洒软化水：在顶棚基材层（1）的两侧均匀喷洒纯净水，单面的洒水量为20-30g/m2；
S3：辅助层制备：取玻璃纤维毡，作为玻璃纤维毡层(2)，在玻璃纤维毡层(2)的两侧辊涂胶水，形成胶水层(21)，在一侧的胶水层(21)上粘附无纺布，形成无纺布层(3)，在另一侧的胶水层(21)上涂覆吸收剂，形成吸收层（4）；
S4：压制成型：将两个玻璃纤维毡层(2)上的吸收层（4）分别与经步骤S2处理的顶棚基材层(1)的上侧和下侧相互接触，之后将材料置于模具中，压制成型后得到汽车顶棚初型，模具温度为140-150℃，成型压力为9-10MPa，成型保压时间为35-40s；
S5：冷却定型：将压制成型后的汽车顶棚初型置于定型模具中冷却定型，定型时间能为35-40s；
S6：水刀切割：将冷却定型后的汽车顶棚放入切割模具中，进行水刀切割，切掉边角料后制成汽车顶棚。
9.根据权利要求8所述的汽车顶棚的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S6中，切割完成的汽车顶棚再使用人工打磨的方式整修边角。
10.根据权利要求8所述的汽车顶棚的制造方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，合模反应时间为3-4min。
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