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CN109458256B - 用于具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机的涡轮机旁路 - Google Patents

用于具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机的涡轮机旁路 Download PDF

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CN109458256B
CN109458256B CN201811038029.3A CN201811038029A CN109458256B CN 109458256 B CN109458256 B CN 109458256B CN 201811038029 A CN201811038029 A CN 201811038029A CN 109458256 B CN109458256 B CN 109458256B
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turbine
exhaust
engine
exhaust gas
bypass
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CN109458256A (zh
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J·W·布林
T·沃尔德伦
R·谢里尔
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Superturbo Technologies Inc
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Superturbo Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
    • F02B37/186—Arrangements of actuators or linkage for bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • F02B37/105—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump exhaust drive and pump being both connected through gearing to engine-driven shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/04—Mechanical drives; Variable-gear-ratio drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/10—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07—Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机的涡轮机旁路。在发动机冷启动或怠速或低负荷发动机操作的周期期间，可以利用所述旁路以将热废气直接地引导到废气后处理件。这提供了较高温度到所述废气后处理件，增大了消除例如NOx的有害排放的能力。所述驱动涡轮增压器可仍然通过超级增压向所述发动机提供增压，使得在所述涡轮机旁路在操作中时发动机扭矩和动力得以维持。

Description

用于具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机的涡轮机旁路
背景技术
驱动涡轮增压器是优于正常涡轮增压器的改进，这是因为驱动涡轮增压器(超级涡轮增压器)不仅仅是由废气涡轮机提供动力的，其通过超级增压提供了额外的操作模式。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及用于发动机的涡轮机旁路，且更确切地说涉及用于具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机的涡轮机旁路。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例可因此包括用于发动机的驱动涡轮增压器的涡轮机旁路，所述涡轮机旁路包括：发动机的排气歧管，其耦合到驱动涡轮增压器的涡轮机；废气后处理件，其位于涡轮机的下游；旁路阀，其耦合到排气歧管，所述旁路阀可以打开以在发动机的冷启动或低负荷和怠速状况期间将来自排气歧管的废气穿过涡轮机旁路直接地提供到废气后处理件以提供额外的热量到废气后处理件。
本发明的一个实施例可因此进一步包括将来自发动机的排气歧管的废气穿过涡轮机旁路直接地提供到废气后处理件的方法，所述方法包括：将驱动涡轮增压器的涡轮机耦合到排气歧管；将旁路阀耦合到排气歧管，所述旁路阀可以打开以将来自排气歧管的废气穿过涡轮机旁路直接地提供到废气后处理件以提供额外的热量到废气后处理件；当涡轮机旁路启用时从发动机为驱动涡轮增压器的压缩机提供动力以提供经增压的空气流到发动机。
本发明的一个实施例可因此进一步包括控制到用于发动机的废气后处理件的热流的方法，所述方法包括：将驱动涡轮增压器耦合所述发动机；提供电子控制器；测量废气后处理件的温度；当废气后处理件的温度低于操作阈值时打开旁路阀以穿过涡轮机旁路将废气提供到废气后处理件。
附图说明
图1是具有用于内燃发动机的涡轮机旁路的驱动涡轮增压器的示意图。
图2A是用于具有涡轮机旁路(具有正常配置的二通旁路阀)的发动机的机械驱动涡轮增压器的示意图。
图2B是用于具有涡轮机旁路(具有旁路配置的二通旁路阀)的发动机的机械驱动涡轮增压器的示意图。
图3是具有耦合到排气歧管的次要出口的涡轮机旁路的电驱动涡轮增压器的示意图。
图4是耦合到低压EGR系统的涡轮机旁路的示意图。
图5是具有额外的废气后处理装置和绝缘体的涡轮机旁路的示意图。
图6是用于调节废气后处理件的温度的控制系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是具有用于内燃发动机104的涡轮机旁路102的驱动涡轮增压器100的示意图。为了满足排放标准，重要的是在发动机冷启动期间废气后处理件快速被带入到高达操作温度，以及在低负荷或怠速发动机操作期间维持在操作温度下。涡轮机旁路阀可用于将热发动机废气直接地引导到废气后处理件以提供升高的温度到废气后处理件使得废气后处理件有效。驱动涡轮增压器可仍然通过超级增压向发动机提供增压，使得在涡轮机旁路的使用期间发动机的动力和扭矩性能得以维持。发动机104产生废气106，其被引导到排气歧管108。在正常操作期间，废气106从排气歧管108流动到驱动涡轮增压器100的涡轮机110，向涡轮机110提供动力，其继而经由轴杆111驱动压缩机112。涡轮机110的下游是废气后处理件114，其减小废气106中有害化学物质的数量，例如NOx和颗粒物质。在发动机104的冷启动以及发动机104的其它低负荷和怠速操作状况期间，在穿过涡轮机110之后废气106的温度可能过低而不足以加热废气后处理件114。废气后处理件114必须达到某一较高温度以恰当地起作用，并且快速地达到此温度且维持此温度是将有害排放物降至最低的关键点。在冷启动、低负荷和怠速状况的这些周期期间，利用涡轮机旁路102围绕涡轮机110重新引导废气106并且直接地引导到废气后处理件114。这可以通过打开允许废气106流动穿过涡轮机旁路102的旁路阀116来实现。打开旁路阀116将较高温度的废气106提供到废气后处理件114以将废气后处理件114加热到操作温度，这是因为避免了涡轮机110的热质量以及与驱动涡轮机110相关联的废气106的温降。涡轮机旁路102的这种使用导致来自废气106的可供涡轮机110使用的动力极少或没有动力，这将使得传统涡轮增压器的功能失效。然而，驱动涡轮增压器100仍然可以通过机械驱动件119将动力118提供到压缩机112以提供来自发动机104的超级增压。超级增压还可以通过如下文所阐述的电风扇来提供。因此，在涡轮机旁路102的使用期间，驱动涡轮增压器100仍然向发动机104提供经增压的空气流120以维持发动机104的扭矩和动力性能。
图1的驱动涡轮增压器100可为如图所示的机械驱动涡轮增压器或可为电驱动涡轮增压器。驱动涡轮增压器100的操作在以下专利中教示：2013年10月22日颁布的标题为“具有高速牵引驱动和无级变速器的超级涡轮增压器(Super-Turbocharger Having aHigh Speed Traction Drive and a Continuously Variable Transmission)”的第8,561,403号美国专利；2014年3月11日颁布的标题为“高扭矩牵引驱动(High TorqueTraction Drive)”的第8,668,614号美国专利；2013年12月17日颁布的标题为“对称牵引驱动(Symmetrical Traction Drive)”的第8,608,609号美国专利；2017年6月6日颁布的标题为“推进吸收行星牵引驱动超级涡轮机(Thrust Absorbing Planetary Traction DriveSuperTurbo”的第9,670,832号美国专利；以及2017年2月28日颁布的标题为“具有高速牵引驱动和无级变速器的超级涡轮增压器(Super-Turbocharger Having a High SpeedTraction Drive and a Continuously Variable Transmission)”的第9,581,078号美国专利。美国专利8,561,403、8,668,614、8,608,609、9,670,832和9,581,078专门以引用的方式并入本文中用于它们公开和教示的全部内容。驱动涡轮增压器100可以机械方式或以电气方式耦合到发动机104，并且每个的各种配置是可能的。
图2A是用于具有涡轮机旁路202(具有正常配置的二通旁路阀216)的发动机204的机械驱动涡轮增压器200的示意图。二通旁路阀216耦合到发动机204的排气歧管208并且将废气206引导到机械驱动涡轮增压器200的涡轮机210或引导到涡轮机旁路202。对于发动机204的正常操作来说，二通旁路阀216阻断涡轮机旁路202并且将全部废气206引导到涡轮机210。涡轮机210收集来自废气206的能量并且将动力提供给压缩机212以及发动机204。在流动穿过涡轮机210之后，废气206流动穿过废气后处理件214。机械驱动涡轮增压器200机械地耦合到发动机204，并且在发动机204与涡轮机210以及压缩机212之间传递动力。机械驱动涡轮增压器200可以包括耦合到无级变速器的牵引驱动行星，但是其它配置也是可能的。
图2B是用于具有涡轮机旁路202(具有旁路配置的二通旁路阀216)的发动机204的机械驱动涡轮增压器200的示意图。对于发动机204的冷启动、怠速或低负荷操作来说，额外的热量可能对于废气后处理件214达到和维持操作温度来说是必要的。二通旁路阀216阻断涡轮机210并且将全部废气206引导到涡轮机旁路202。这将较高温度的废气206提供到废气后处理件214，这是因为涡轮机210的热传递和动力吸收被从废气206中除去。当涡轮机旁路202启用时，涡轮机210并不收集能量，但是机械驱动涡轮增压器200可将来自发动机204的动力218提供到压缩机212以将经增压的空气流220提供到发动机204以维持发动机204的扭矩和动力性能。如图2A和2B中所示，二通阀202位于排气歧管208与涡轮机210之间并且将废气206完全提供到涡轮机210或涡轮机旁路202，这取决于发动机204的操作状况和废气后处理件214的温度。也还可以使用电驱动涡轮增压器。
图2B中还示出了涡轮机旁路202中的限制件217，其将压力提供给排气歧管208以使得当涡轮机旁路202在使用中时EGR流211能够穿过高压EGR通道209。当二通旁路阀216处于旁路配置时，废气206可自由地流动到废气后处理件214。这减小了排气歧管208中的压力，使得穿过高压EGR通道209的EGR流211是不可能的。通过将限制件217添加到涡轮机旁路202中，可以维持排气歧管208中的较高压力，使得EGR流211能够穿过高压EGR通道209。此EGR流211可有助于减少当涡轮机旁路202使用时来自发动机204的NOx排放。限制件217可以是孔板、阀门或甚至是设计直径的管道或提供穿过涡轮机旁路202的压降的任何其它机构。限制件217可以是固定零件(例如，维持简单性且最小化成本的孔板)，或者限制件217可以是可变装置(例如，实现排气歧管208中的压力的最优化调节的控制阀)。最小化限制件217的表面积和质量可有助于最小化来自废气206的热传递以保持废气206较热。在发动机204的正常操作期间，并没有使用涡轮机旁路202，因此限制件217并不影响发动机204。
图3是具有耦合到排气歧管308的次要出口324的涡轮机旁路302的电驱动涡轮增压器300的示意图。排气歧管308具有耦合到电驱动涡轮增压器300的涡轮机310且将废气306提供到涡轮机310的主要出口322。具有耦合到排气歧管的单独的次要出口324的旁路阀316和涡轮机旁路302可提供涡轮机旁路302的更灵活的封装，以及减少由排气歧管308的主要出口322支撑的重量的数量，这可以改进排气歧管308的主要出口322与涡轮机310之间的连接的机械集成化。在发动机304的正常操作期间旁路阀316是闭合的，使得全部的废气306流动穿过涡轮机310。当废气后处理件314的额外的加热是必要的时，旁路阀316打开以允许废气306流动穿过涡轮机旁路302直接地到达废气后处理件314。当涡轮机旁路启用时，涡轮机310可不再提供用于电驱动涡轮增压器300的压缩机312的足够的动力，但是电驱动涡轮增压器300可使用电力318以驱动压缩机312以提供经增压的空气流320到发动机304以维持发动机304的扭矩和动力性能。也还可以使用机械驱动涡轮增压器。
图4是耦合到低压EGR系统430的涡轮机旁路402的示意图。大部分柴油发动机利用EGR以减少NOx排放，通常通过高压EGR系统432。在发动机404的正常操作期间，旁路阀416处于闭合位置434，将来自排气歧管408的废气406导入到涡轮机410，并且高压EGR系统432启用。在涡轮机旁路402的使用期间，旁路阀416处于打开位置436，将废气406的流导入到涡轮机旁路402，其减少了排气歧管408中的压力。高压EGR系统432需要排气歧管408中的足够的压力来操作，因此当涡轮机旁路402启用时可能并不能够起作用。如果当涡轮机旁路402启用时发动机404需要EGR使用以减少NOx排放，那么可使用低压EGR系统430。低压EGR系统430引导废气406穿过低压EGR通道438到进气口440以向发动机404提供EGR。如果低压EGR系统430仅在涡轮机旁路402启用时使用以加热废气后处理件414，那么可以避免EGR的任何冷却以增大废气406的温度。如图所示，低压EGR通道438耦合到涡轮机旁路402，但是也可以使用低压EGR系统430的更多标准变体。当低压EGR通道438耦合到涡轮机旁路402时，可以设置系统使得旁路阀416控制废气406的流到涡轮机旁路402和低压EGR通道438两者。通过这种方式，单个致动器旁路阀416用于激活涡轮机旁路402和低压EGR系统430两者。在发动机404的正常操作期间，旁路阀416处于闭合位置434，其使得涡轮机旁路402和低压EGR系统430两者未启用并且防止流穿过这两者。当旁路阀416移动到打开位置436时，废气406被引导到涡轮机旁路402和低压EGR通道438两者。节流孔442可以包含在低压EGR通道438的内部，所述节流孔被设计成当旁路阀416处于打开位置436时传递所期望的数量的EGR到进气口440，使得不需要低压EGR系统430中的额外的可变的阀。
图5是具有额外的废气后处理装置550和绝缘体552的涡轮机旁路502的示意图。当废气后处理件514低于操作温度且涡轮机旁路502启用时，额外的废气后处理装置550可有助于减少本应被释放的废气506的排放。额外的废气后处理装置550可由贫燃NOx捕集器或被动NOx吸附器构成，但是也可以使用其它类型的装置以及组合。对于贫燃NOx捕集器或被动NOx吸附器，当涡轮机旁路502启用时捕获NOx排放。当废气后处理件514已经被加热到高达操作温度时，NOx可以被释放并且随后通过废气后处理件514恰当地减少。基本上，额外的废气后处理装置550可捕获有害排放直至废气后处理件514操作为止。同样在图5中示出的是缠绕在排气歧管508和涡轮机旁路502周围的绝缘体552。绝缘体552的添加有助于保持废气506的温度较高，以进一步加热废气后处理件514。额外的废气后处理装置550和绝缘体552两者可在图1-4中所论述的配置中的任一个中使用。
图6是用于调节废气后处理件614的温度的控制系统600的示意图。电子控制器660发送电子信号以控制各种零件，包含发动机604、驱动涡轮增压器601和旁路阀616。为了监测废气后处理件614的可操作性，第一温度传感器662将废气后处理件614的温度的测量值发送到电子控制器660。电子控制器660比较此温度测量值与废气后处理件614的操作阈值温度，并且当废气后处理件614的测量温度低于操作阈值时命令旁路阀616打开以穿过涡轮机旁路602将废气606提供到废气后处理件614。另外，电子控制器660可接收来自第二温度传感器664的废气606的测量温度。如果废气606的测量温度低于废气后处理件614的操作阈值，那么电子控制器660可命令发动机604在速度上增大以将废气606的温度增大到所期望的水平以加热废气后处理件614。可以由电子控制器660利用的另一控制模式是控制到发动机604的进气流666，方法是控制驱动涡轮增压器601的转速。因为驱动涡轮增压器601可从发动机604接收动力，所以驱动涡轮增压器601的转速可以独立于废气606的流得到控制。增大驱动涡轮增压器601的速度可增大进气流666和废气606的流动速率。在发动机604的冷启动期间，到废气后处理件614的热通量的比率可以比废气606的温度更为重要。增大废气606的流动速率可增大到废气后处理件614的热通量的水平，因此电子控制器660可控制驱动涡轮增压器601的转速以提供所期望的水平的热通量到废气后处理件614。控制系统600可控制系统的各种方面，包含旁路阀616、发动机604和驱动涡轮增压器601以提供所期望的流动速率和温度的废气606到废气后处理件614以用于废气后处理件614的热管理。
出于说明和描述的目的，已经呈现本发明的前述描述。其并不意图是穷尽性的或将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式，并且鉴于以上教示其它修改和变体可以是可能的。实施例是为了最佳地解释本发明的原理和其实际应用而选择和描述，由此使得所属领域的其它技术人员能够在各种实施例中并且以适于所设想的特定用途的各种修改最佳地利用本发明。除非受到现有技术的限制，否则意图将所附权利要求书解释为包含本发明的其它替代实施例。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于在具有驱动涡轮增压器的发动机中使废气后处理件达到操作温度的系统，其包括：
压缩机，其压缩适用于所述发动机的空气；
排气歧管；
涡轮机，其经由所述排气歧管的废气驱动；
驱动器，其耦合到所述压缩机，所述驱动器驱动所述压缩机以向所述发动机提供经增压的空气流；
废气后处理件，其位于所述涡轮机的下游；
涡轮机旁路，其耦合到所述排气歧管与所述废气后处理件的输入端；
旁路阀，其耦合到所述涡轮机旁路，所述旁路阀将所述废气重定向到所述涡轮机周围并直接导向所述废气后处理件；
电子控制器，其在所述发动机的冷启动、低负荷和怠速状况期间打开所述旁路阀，使得来自所述排气歧管的废气被直接发送到所述废气后处理件，且所述电子控制器连接所述驱动器，使得当所述旁路阀将所述废气直接重定向到所述废气后处理件时，所述压缩机向所述发动机提供经增压的空气流，这在所述废气被重定向到所述涡轮机周围时维持所述发动机的扭矩和动力；
所述涡轮机旁路中的限制件，其在所述排气歧管中提供压力以使得EGR流能够穿过高压EGR通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述旁路阀是位于所述排气歧管与所述涡轮机之间的将所述废气完全提供到所述涡轮机或所述涡轮机旁路的二通阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述涡轮机耦合到所述排气歧管的主要出口且所述旁路阀耦合到所述排气歧管的次要出口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其进一步包括包裹在所述排气歧管和所述涡轮机旁路周围的绝缘体，以进一步提高提供至所述废气后处理件的废气温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其进一步包括：
低压EGR通道，其耦合到所述涡轮机旁路以当所述涡轮机旁路启用时将EGR流提供到所述发动机。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述旁路阀控制所述废气到所述涡轮机旁路和所述低压EGR通道的流动。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述驱动器是机械驱动器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述驱动器是电动机。
9.一种在发动机于冷启动、低负荷和怠速状况期间启动废气后处理件的方法，所述发动机具有驱动涡轮增压器，所述方法包括：
在所述冷启动、低负荷和怠速状况下将废气转移到所述驱动涡轮增压器的涡轮机周围以致使所述废气被从所述涡轮机直接重定向到所述废气后处理件；
驱动压缩机，所述压缩机在所述废气被转移至所述涡轮机周围时向所述发动机提供压缩的空气以增压空气流，以维持所述发动机的扭矩和动力；
在涡轮机旁路中限制所述废气的流动，所述涡轮机旁路在所述发动机的排气歧管中产生压力以使得EGR流能够穿过高压EGR通道。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中将所述废气转移包括将所述废气完全转移到所述涡轮机或所述废气后处理件。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括：
将所述涡轮机连接到所述排气歧管的主要出口；
将旁路阀连接到所述排气歧管的次要出口。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括：
用绝缘体缠绕所述排气歧管和所述涡轮机旁路。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括：
将低压EGR通道耦合到涡轮机旁路以当所述涡轮机旁路启用时将EGR流提供到所述发动机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其进一步包括：
通过旁路阀控制所述废气到所述涡轮机旁路和所述低压EGR通道两者的流动。
15.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述驱动涡轮增压器是机械驱动涡轮增压器。
16.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中驱动所述压缩机的所述方法包括使用电动机来驱动所述压缩机。
17.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括：
测量所述废气后处理件的温度；
当所述废气后处理件的所述温度低于操作阈值时，打开旁路阀以经由涡轮机旁路将所述废气转移到所述废气后处理件。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其进一步包括：
测量所述废气的温度；
增加所述发动机的转速以将所述废气的所述温度增加到期望水平。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其进一步包括：
控制所述驱动涡轮增压器的转速以向所述废气后处理件提供期望水平的热通量。
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